Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cowra'

Aggregate breakdown is an important process controlling the availability of fine soil material necessary for structural sealing of soil surfaces under rainfall. It may be caused by slaking resulting from rapid soil wetting and by physical dispersion resulting from direct and indirect energetic raindrop impacts. Relationships have been proposed by others predicting steady infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity from final aggregate size following high energy rainfall on initially dry, uncovered soil surfaces. Under these extreme conditions, both rapid wetting and energetic raindrop impact result in maximum aggregate breakdown and surface sealing. Knowledge of the relative importance of these two agents under less severe conditions and knowledge of how increased aggregate stability due to conservative soil management may ameliorate them should improve prediction and management of aggregate breakdown and surface sealing. ¶ This study has isolated and quantified effects of rapid soil wetting and energetic raindrop impact on aggregate breakdown and surface sealing. Simulated rainfall was applied to re-packed soils from differing tillage treatments on light textured soils from near Cowra and Condobolin in New South Wales, Australia. Aggregate breakdown was assessed using aggregate size distribution, determined by wet sieving and summarised by a range of statistics. The degree of breakdown was assessed after 66 mm of simulated rainfall whilst the rate of change in aggregate size distribution was assessed by sampling after 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 mm. The degree of surface sealing was assessed using final surface hydraulic conductivity after 66 mm rainfall calculated from inferred infiltration and measured sub-seal soil water potential. The rate of surface sealing was assessed prior to ponding using cumulative rainfall volume at ponding and throughout the post-ponding phase by decline in surface hydraulic conductivity as a function of cumulative rainfall kinetic energy. Two levels of raindrop kinetic energy flux and three wetting treatments were used to isolate effects of these agents of aggregate breakdown and surface sealing. ¶ Significant surface aggregate breakdown was observed when either rapid soil wetting or highly energetic raindrop impact were allowed to occur. The majority of the data suggest a negative interaction between the two agents. When soil was initially dry rapid soil wetting was the dominant agent causing rapid aggregate breakdown, generally within the first 5 mm of rainfall. When rapid soil wetting was prevented by tension pre-wetting, energetic raindrop impact was the dominant agent and was able to cause aggregate breakdown of an almost equivalent degree. This breakdown occurred over a period lasting for up to 30 mm of rainfall. In contrast, the rate and degree of surface sealing were influenced primarily by raindrop kinetic energy with highly energetic impact leading to significant surface sealing, irrespective of soil wetting. For the soils studied, it was concluded that structural sealing of surface soil, could be significantly reduced by protecting the soil surface from energetic raindrop impact but that prevention of surface aggregate breakdown required amelioration of both processes. ¶ In addition to the negative interaction referred to above, a positive interaction was observed whereby energetic raindrop impact occurring concurrently with rapid soil wetting caused a greater degree of aggregate breakdown and a greater degree of surface sealing than energetic raindrop impact occurring subsequent to rapid soil wetting. The effect on surface sealing may be explained by the effect of lower sub-seal water potential that necessarily results from initially dry soil condition required for concurrent rapid wetting. However, the effect on aggregate breakdown remains unexplained. ¶ Notwithstanding the above, permeability was reduced under high kinetic energy rainfall even when soil wetting was reduced to very slow rates by tension pre-wetting. Likewise, surface sealing did occur under low kinetic energy rainfall for the least stable soil following rapid soil wetting. It was concluded that threshold soil wetting rates and threshold rainfall energy levels, proposed by others, are either not applicable to these soils or are negligible. ¶ The rate and degree of aggregate breakdown was also dependent on the soil with the Cowra soil being more stable than the Condobolin soil. Greater aggregate stability brought about by conservative tillage treatments at both soil locations retarded and reduced surface sealing. Unvalidated simulation modelling was used to illustrate possible effects for the soil water balance. In contrast to the conclusions of Loch (1994b), that were based on soils throughout eastern Queensland, the soil water balance simulations predicted that the residual benefits in ameliorating surface sealing resulting from improved aggregate stability could significantly reduce point runoff under the lower intensity winter rainfalls experienced in southern New South Wales. ¶ Limited testing with Condobolin soil following tension pre-wetting showed that rainfall intensity, varying over the range from 16.5 to 66 mm h-1, had little effect on the decline in surface hydraulic conductivity as a function of cumulative rainfall kinetic energy. This contrasts with greater seal permeability under higher rainfall intensities observed by Romkens et al. (1985) and others. It is proposed that an alternative explanation exists for the observations of Romkens et al. based on reduction in seal permeability due to lower sub-seal water potential under lower intensity rainfall. ¶ Post-ponding reduction in K[subscript sat] under high kinetic energy rainfall exhibited exponential decline as a function of cumulative raindrop kinetic energy as proposed by Moore (1981b). However, inferred rates of decline prior to ponding were more rapid than measured post-ponding rates suggesting that infiltration models using only a single exponential rate of surface K[subscript sat] decline based on post-ponding measurements may be in error. Potential for error is greatest at early times for loose soil that is highly susceptible to sealing. ¶ Pre-ponding decline in surface aggregation was also relatively more rapid than post-ponding decline. This discrepancy was evident irrespective of soil pre-wetting. From this it was concluded that the more rapid initial aggregate breakdown and surface sealing was due, at least in part, to processes other than aggregate slaking due to rapid soil wetting. An explanation has been proposed as follows. Raindrops initially fall on aggregates that have not been subjected to rainfall and therefore each drop has the capacity to cause greater aggregate breakdown than subsequent raindrops that fall on aggregates or soil fragments that have been strong enough to survive preceding rainfall impacts. Such a mechanism could provide an alternative explanation of the findings of Baumhardt et al. (1991) who found that less cumulative raindrop kinetic energy was necessary to achieve a given reduction in surface conductance when the cumulative energy was supplied through lower energy drops. ¶ Relationships predicting rates of surface sealing using aggregate breakdown under rainfall and aggregate stability were evaluated. Post-ponding infiltration rate and surface K[subscript sat] were related to aggregate size by exponential functions. The proportion of surface aggregates less than 0.125 mm in diameter provided slightly more consistent relationships. Parameters of fitted relationships differed among wetting pre-treatments suggesting that the influence of sub-seal water potential on surface K[subscript sat] must be considered whenever such relationships are developed or applied. Aggregate stability determined by wet sieving was related to rainfall volume required for ponding, final K[subscript sat] and final aggregate size but only for initially dry soil suggesting that such relationships may be unique to the rainfall, soils and flow conditions used to develop them. ¶ This study has established the relative importance of rapid soil wetting and energetic raindrop impact in both aggregate breakdown and surface sealing over a range of antecedent soil water and rainfall conditions. It has quantified the effectiveness of culturally induced aggregate stability in ameliorating effects of these two important agents and illustrated the potentially significant consequences for the soil water balance. It has quantified temporal patterns of surface sealing and aggregate breakdown and proposed an alternative mechanism explaining more rapid aggregate breakdown during the initial stages of rainfall. It has identified possible explanations for effects of rainfall intensity on surface sealing observed in other studies. It has also partially evaluated a mechanism proposed to explain important effects of subseal water potential on seal permeability found in this and other studies. These significant findings have been used with the findings of other studies to amend the conceptual model proposed by Le Bissonnias (1990). The amended model gives a more complete description of the relationships between parameters and processes determining aggregate breakdown and structural surface sealing under rainfall.

Todos los proyectos están expuestos a riesgos que pueden afectar su objetivo. Los riesgos son eventos o condiciones que al ocurrir pueden generar un impacto negativo o positivo en el objetivo del proyecto. Es decir, los riesgos pueden convertirse en problemas para el proyecto si no se reconocen a tiempo. Por otro lado, en los últimos años, el gobierno peruano ha estado desarrollando proyectos de carreteras, los cuales van a ir aumentando. Por ese motivo, a través del presente trabajo de investigación, se pretende evidenciar la importancia de implementar una gestión de riesgos en los proyectos de conservación vial a partir de la etapa de ejecución de la propuesta. Esta gestión concluiría en una retroalimentación para futuros proyectos similares de la empresa constructora. La estructura del presente estudio consiste en identificar y analizar los riesgos utilizando las técnicas y herramientas propuestas por diferentes especialistas en gestión del riesgo. El trabajo concluye con el desarrollo de un plan de respuesta para maximizar las oportunidades y minimizar las amenazas, con el fin de asegurar el costo, la calidad y el plazo del proyecto.
Tesis

This thesis is a broadly chronological study of representations of Japan and the Japanese in Australian novels, stories and memoirs from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. Adopting Edward Said???s Orientalist notion of the `Other???, it attempts to elaborate patterns in which Australian authors describe and evaluate the Japanese. As well as examining these patterns of representation, this thesis outlines the course of their development and change over the years, how they relate to the context in which they occur, and how they contribute to the formation of wider Australian views on Japan and the Japanese. The thesis considers the role of certain Australian authors in formulating images and ideas of the Japanese ???Other???. These authors, ranging from fiction writers to journalists, scholars and war memoirists, act as observers, interpreters, translators, and sometimes ???traitors??? in their cross-cultural interactions. The thesis includes work from within and outside ???mainstream??? writings, thus expanding the contexts of Australian literary history. The major ???periods??? of Australian literature discussed in this thesis include: the 1880s to World War II; the Pacific War; the post-war period; and the multicultural period (1980s to 2000). While a comprehensive examination of available literature reveals the powerful and continuing influence of the Pacific War, images of ???the stranger???, ???the enemy??? and later ???the ally??? or ???partner??? are shown to vary according to authors, situations and wider international relations. This thesis also examines gender issues, which are often brought into sharp relief in cross-cultural representations. While typical East-West power-relationships are reflected in gender relations, more complex approaches are also taken by some authors. This thesis argues that, while certain patterns recur, such as versions of the ???Cho-Cho-San??? or ???Madame Butterfly??? story, Japan-related works have given some Australian authors, especially women, opportunities to reveal more ???liberated??? viewpoints than seemed possible in their own cultural context. As the first extensive study of Japan in Australian literary consciousness, this thesis brings to the surface many neglected texts. It shows a pattern of changing interests and interactions between two nations whose economic interactions have usually been explored more deeply than their literary and cultural relations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-18T17:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 366069.pdf: 1723602 bytes, checksum: 229ea72f78dafab84ee25e9b3a5fd145 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-20
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo um estudo do filme Corra Lola Corra, de 1998, dirigido pelo alemão Tom Tykwer. A análise feita neste trabalho teve como base os principais fatos históricos que podem ter influenciado o roteiro e as escolhas estéticas do filme. A partir de um breve sobrevôo pelo século XX e fatos marcantes especificamente da década de 1990, buscamos elementos do filme que caracterizam o mesmo como um produto audiovisual da cultura pós-moderna, ou ainda, enquanto um produto da cultura da mídia. Para isso percorremos fatos como a emancipação feminina, a revolução tecnológica, a globalização e a desterritorialização cultural enquanto importantes fatores históricos e sociais que influenciam o roteiro do filme. As características do cinema da década de 1990, a estética do videoclipe, o hibridismo, a hipertextualidade, a cultura da mídia e a formação de múltiplas identidades foram os fatores audiovisuais que influenciaram a estética escolhida para a narrativa de Corra Lola Corra.

The dissertation explores and critically evaluates Cora Diamond's moral philosophy, understood as an adaptation ofWittgenstein's more general philosophical ideas and methods. In particular, it examines Diamond's 'Wittgensteinian aversion to theoretical thinking in ethics. Even loyal Wittgensteinians sometimes (mis)use Wittgenstein's ideas to advance various deniable theories, including forms of realism and anti-realism in moral philosophy, and varieties of ethical relativism and conservativism. Diamond's moral philosophy, by contrast, maintains a non-theoretical stance which, nevertheless, offers a satisfying philosophical alternative to theorybuilding. Part One distinguishes Diamond's 'realistic spirit' from Sabina Lovibond's philosophical realism. I argue that Lovibond's McDowellian quietism is covertly committed to various theses. I explain Diamond's rejection of Lovibond's conception of ethics as a subject matter, and the differences between their appeals to the ideas of form oflife, and their attacks on the conception oflanguage as rule-governed. Part Two argues that Elizabeth Anscombe's Wittgensteinian rejection of the notion ofself-legislation unwittingly reflects dogmatic views of our conceptual life. I explain how Diamond's use of the Wittgensteinian idea of a picture, and her clarification of the grammar of secondary uses, help in attaining a more realistic view of our conceptual life. This part, and the next, examines the importance of the imagination in ordinary uses oflanguage, and in philosophy. Part Three distinguishes Diamond's conception of grammar and language games from that of Norman Malcolm. It also distinguishes Diamond's conceptions of the imagination, of moral philosophy, and of the good of philosophy in general, from those ofIris Murdoch. I examine Malcolm's and Murdoch's views as reflected in their discussions of Anselm's ontological argument. Malcolm uses Wittgensteinian tools dogmatically, while Murdoch's correctives to Malcolm themselves tum out to verge on dogmatism. I show how Murdoch's views can be given a Wittgensteinian inflection without becoming philosophical theses. This, however, reveals that Diamond's realistic spirit must also struggle against temptations to disregard some possibilities of our conceptual life that are created by the Wittgensteinian philosophical vocabulary itself.

Hintergrund: Die Datenlage zur Substitutionstherapie Opiatabhängiger ist defizitär. Vor diesem markant defizitären Erkenntnishintergrund erscheint es sinnvoll und notwendig, eine versorgungsepidemiologische Studie zur aktuellen Versorgungslage opiatabhängiger Substitutionspatienten durchzuführen, um offene Fragen zu klären. Hierfür haben wir ein mehrstufiges Forschungsprojekt unter dem Akronym COBRA initiiert. COBRA steht für "Cost-Benefit and Risk Appraisal of Substitution Treatments" und signalisiert, dass wir uns in umfassender Weise um eine Evaluation der Risiken, Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Interventionsstrategien und Modalitäten in der Substitutions- und Versorgungspraxis Opiatabhängiger in Deutschland bemühen. Zielsetzungen des COBRA-Projekts sind: • Die Charakterisierung von bestehenden Einrichtungsformen und -modellen; • Die Charakterisierung von: – Merkmalen opiatabhängiger Patienten in diesen Einrichtungen (Schwere, Dauer/ Stadium, Komorbidität, Delinquenz, Desintegration etc.), – der Diagnostik sowie den Indikations- und Allokationsentscheidungen in der Versorgungsrealität sowie – den eingesetzten Interventionsmethoden (Substitutionsmittel, Therapie komorbider Störungen, psychotherapeutische und soziale Interventionen) • Die Ermittlung von Problemen der Substitutionstherapie bei verschiedenen Risikogruppen (z.B. Hepatitis-C- und HIVPatienten) • Die Beschreibung des Kurzzeitverlaufs und Outcomes hinsichtlich verschiedener klinischer und sozialer Kriterien Methodik: Die Studie teilt sich in einen deskriptiv-klinisch-epidemiologischen und einen analytisch-evaluativen Teil. Der deskriptive Teil soll zunächst darüber Auskunft geben, wie viele und welche Arten von Substitutionseinrichtungen in Deutschland wie viele Opiatabhängige erreichen und behandeln. Auf dieser Grundlage soll dann im evaluativen Teil an möglichst repräsentativen Einrichtungen und Patienten beurteilt werden, wie und mit welchen Methoden welche Arten von Patienten und Problemlagen versorgt werden. Durch Abgleich mit den wissenschaftlichen Bewertungsmaßstäben können daraus Defizite, Probleme und mögliche verbesserte Allokationsstrategien abgeleitet werden. Ergebnisse: Es werden erste Vorstudienbefunde und Ihre Design- Konsequenzen vorgestellt und diskutiert
In the present paper, we will describe aims, methods, and design along with selected pre-study findings of an epidemiological study in a nationally representative sample of substitution doctors (N = 381) and their patients (n = 2500) in Germany. The project has three major components: (a) Pre-study: We sent mailed questionnaires to a sample of over 1000 substitution doctors to describe qualification and setting characteristics, treatment profiles and attitudes of substitution doctors in Germany. (b) Cross-sectional study: With a two-step epidemiological design (target day assessment of the patients, clinical appraisals by the doctors), our main aims were (1) to determine the number of opiate addicts treated by methadone or buprenorphine or other substitution drugs; (2) to find predictors and correlates for treatment, taking into account doctors, patients, and system variables; and (3) to evaluate cross-sectional differences between groups with regard to clinical presentation (comorbidity), clinical course, acceptance/compliance, critical incidences, and social integration. (c) Furthermore, the study includes a prospective-longitudinal cohort study of a total of 1000 patients sampled from this data base. The cohort will be followed-up over a period of three months to investigate whether buprenorphine patients have a more favorable course and outcome in terms of clinical, psychosocial, pharmaco-economic, and related measures. Selected pre-study findings are summarized, highlightening that current registers include a considerable proportion of doctors and a considerable heterogeneity of setting characteristics in terms of the number of patients, choice of substitution drugs and involvement in hepatitis- C treatment

Hintergrund: Die Datenlage zur Substitutionstherapie Opiatabhängiger ist defizitär. Vor diesem markant defizitären Erkenntnishintergrund erscheint es sinnvoll und notwendig, eine versorgungsepidemiologische Studie zur aktuellen Versorgungslage opiatabhängiger Substitutionspatienten durchzuführen, um offene Fragen zu klären. Hierfür haben wir ein mehrstufiges Forschungsprojekt unter dem Akronym COBRA initiiert. COBRA steht für "Cost-Benefit and Risk Appraisal of Substitution Treatments" und signalisiert, dass wir uns in umfassender Weise um eine Evaluation der Risiken, Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Interventionsstrategien und Modalitäten in der Substitutions- und Versorgungspraxis Opiatabhängiger in Deutschland bemühen. Zielsetzungen des COBRA-Projekts sind: • Die Charakterisierung von bestehenden Einrichtungsformen und -modellen; • Die Charakterisierung von: – Merkmalen opiatabhängiger Patienten in diesen Einrichtungen (Schwere, Dauer/ Stadium, Komorbidität, Delinquenz, Desintegration etc.), – der Diagnostik sowie den Indikations- und Allokationsentscheidungen in der Versorgungsrealität sowie – den eingesetzten Interventionsmethoden (Substitutionsmittel, Therapie komorbider Störungen, psychotherapeutische und soziale Interventionen) • Die Ermittlung von Problemen der Substitutionstherapie bei verschiedenen Risikogruppen (z.B. Hepatitis-C- und HIVPatienten) • Die Beschreibung des Kurzzeitverlaufs und Outcomes hinsichtlich verschiedener klinischer und sozialer Kriterien Methodik: Die Studie teilt sich in einen deskriptiv-klinisch-epidemiologischen und einen analytisch-evaluativen Teil. Der deskriptive Teil soll zunächst darüber Auskunft geben, wie viele und welche Arten von Substitutionseinrichtungen in Deutschland wie viele Opiatabhängige erreichen und behandeln. Auf dieser Grundlage soll dann im evaluativen Teil an möglichst repräsentativen Einrichtungen und Patienten beurteilt werden, wie und mit welchen Methoden welche Arten von Patienten und Problemlagen versorgt werden. Durch Abgleich mit den wissenschaftlichen Bewertungsmaßstäben können daraus Defizite, Probleme und mögliche verbesserte Allokationsstrategien abgeleitet werden. Ergebnisse: Es werden erste Vorstudienbefunde und Ihre Design- Konsequenzen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
In the present paper, we will describe aims, methods, and design along with selected pre-study findings of an epidemiological study in a nationally representative sample of substitution doctors (N = 381) and their patients (n = 2500) in Germany. The project has three major components: (a) Pre-study: We sent mailed questionnaires to a sample of over 1000 substitution doctors to describe qualification and setting characteristics, treatment profiles and attitudes of substitution doctors in Germany. (b) Cross-sectional study: With a two-step epidemiological design (target day assessment of the patients, clinical appraisals by the doctors), our main aims were (1) to determine the number of opiate addicts treated by methadone or buprenorphine or other substitution drugs; (2) to find predictors and correlates for treatment, taking into account doctors, patients, and system variables; and (3) to evaluate cross-sectional differences between groups with regard to clinical presentation (comorbidity), clinical course, acceptance/compliance, critical incidences, and social integration. (c) Furthermore, the study includes a prospective-longitudinal cohort study of a total of 1000 patients sampled from this data base. The cohort will be followed-up over a period of three months to investigate whether buprenorphine patients have a more favorable course and outcome in terms of clinical, psychosocial, pharmaco-economic, and related measures. Selected pre-study findings are summarized, highlightening that current registers include a considerable proportion of doctors and a considerable heterogeneity of setting characteristics in terms of the number of patients, choice of substitution drugs and involvement in hepatitis- C treatment.

Cette thèse montre que le groupe pictural Cobra (1948-1951) est également un groupe d'écriture. Nous avons limité nos recherches aux trois années de vie du mouvement, organisé autour de sa revue du même nom. Nous avons tenté de nous en tenir aux principaux artistes fondateurs : les poètes belges Christian Dotremont et Joseph Noiret, le peintre danois Asger Jorn et les peintres hollandais Karel Appel, Constant et Corneille. Cobra : Copenhague-Bruxelles-Amsterdam. Nous avons relevé ses points de convergence avec le surréalisme, ainsi que les deux principaux points de divergence. Le premier se situe sur le plan des choix politiques. Le second est le principe d'automatisme. Les artistes le réfutent pour lui substituer le critère de spontanéité, que nous avons tenté de définir. Nous avons ensuite étudié la manière dont les peintres et les poètes construisent leur spécificité, à partir de l'idée d'expérience, en examinant leur système de représentation puisé dans un fonds mythologique et populaire. Pour finir, nous avons dégagé l'originalité de Cobra. Elle tient essentiellement dans la singulière relation entre l'écriture et la peinture, "une seule et même chose". Peintres et poètes créent des œuvres communes, inter-spécialistes, et pratiquent tous l'anti-spécialisme : "le peintre n'est pas interdit d'écriture et l'écrivain ne craint pas de se porter au tableau
This thesis shows that the cobra pictorial group (1948-1951) is also a writing group. We have restricted our research to the three years the group lasted, organized around the publication bearing the same name. We have attempted to keep to the principal founders: the belgian poets Christian Dotremont and Joseph Noiret, the danish painter Asger Jorn and the dutch painters Karel Appel, Constant and Corneille. Cobra: Copenhagen-Brussels-Amsterdam. We have noted the points of convergence of the group and surrealism, as well as the aspects by which they differ. The first of these occurs in the realm of political choices. The second is the principle of automatism, which the artists refute and to which the criteria of spontaneity is substituted; we have sought to define this latter concept. We have then studied the manner in which painters and poets build up their specificity, starting with the notion of experience and examining the system of representation drawn from the funds of mythological and popular expression. Finally, we have outlined what makes the cobra group unique, i. E. The singular connection between writing and painting, said to be "one and the same". Painters and poets create common "interspecialist" works, and all practice "antispecialism": "the painter is not forbidden from writing and the writer does not shy away from the canvas"

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2015.
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T17:48:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 338207.pdf: 746176 bytes, checksum: c8553766700bd7cd24d4d65d14624c03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Este trabalho oferece uma interpretação sociológica de como o humor funciona, a partir da análise discursiva de determinados esquetes do programa humorístico virtual brasileiro Porta dos Fundos, de modo a refletir como um tipo específico de humor, crítico e desconstrutor de certezas, manifesta-se enquanto linguagem profanadora. A escolha dos esquetes se deu pelos temas neles trabalhados (autoridade, relações de poder, desigualdade de gênero, preconceito), pelas instituições que, de alguma maneira, são criticadas (Estado, Igreja e Família) e pela forma como humor é conduzido. São eles: 10 mandamentos (2013), Deus (2013), Bala de Borracha (2013), Cura (2013), Dura (2014), Sobre a mesa (2012), Ménage (2014). Em relação ao objeto, procurou-se compreender os discursos filosóficos sobre o humor e o riso que dele é consequência, pensando sobre os discursos canônicos que classificam o riso a partir de determinados critérios pré-estabelecidos: 1. A ironia como instrumento de profanação; 2. A zombaria contra a postura de superioridade; 3. A linguagem obscena em relação à loucura; 4. A mecânica do humor. O resultado não poderia ser mais inapropriado: indícios, vestígios, pistas do que seja esse fenômeno, mas em condições bastante específicas de observação e com o foco direcionado no como se faz rir, para além do que se ri, apesar de tais perspectivas estarem, de alguma maneira, inter-relacionadas.

Abstract : This dissertation provides a sociological interpretation to understand how the humor works from the discursive analysis of certain sketches of the brazilian online sitcom Porta dos Fundos, to reflect how a particular type of humor, critical and deconstructive of certainties, manifests itself as profane language. The choice of the sketches refers to the themes worked on them (authority, power relations, gender inequality, prejudice), institutions that, somehow, are criticized (State, Church and Family) and the way humor is conducted. They are: 10 Mandamentos (2013), Deus (2013), Bala de Borracha (2013), Cura (2013), Dura (2014), Sobre a Mesa (2012), Ménage (2014). In relation to the object, we tried to understand the philosophical discourse about humor and the laughter as his consequence, thinking about the canonical discourse that classify laughter from certain pre-established criteria: 1. The irony as profanation?s instrument; 2. Mockery against the superiority?s point of view; 3. Obscene language towards madness; 4. The mechanical of humor. The result could not be more inappropriate: clues, traces, tracks of what is this phenomenon, but in very specific conditions of observation and the focus directed on how to make laugh, beyond what laughs, although such prospects are, somehow, related.

A memória, como fonte de conhecimento, constitui um recurso freqüentemente adotado para criação literária. Tal recurso explica-se por se reconhecer a importância do ato de rememorar, na obtenção de um panorama cultural das experiências vivenciadas por um indivíduo ou grupo em determinada época. A presente pesquisa pretende observar de que forma o tema é tratado na obra de Cora Coralina, no intuito de verificar como a escritora realiza a transposição da memória em seus múltiplos aspectos, para a criação literária. A visão crítica da realidade faz sua escritura transcender o registro puro e simples de uma memória nostálgica, levando os leitores a reconstituir uma cartografia histórico-social circunscrita a um tempo: Goiás, vista como metáfora do Brasil, no início do século XX. Memória como registro de um tempo, vindo expressa através de sua recuperação pelo veio sócio-cultural, mas sempre através de uma visão que recupera a versão dos menos representáveis. Para tal pesquisa, consideram-se indispensáveis às leituras: Maurice Halbwachs (A Memória Coletiva), Ecléa Bosi (Memória e Sociedade: lembranças de velhos); além do estudo filósofo Merleau-Ponty a respeito da percepção, Lúcia Castelo Branco (A Mulher Escrita), que realiza reflexões a respeito da condição feminina. Também estará presente o estudo de Gilberto Freyre; este último para dar conta da especificidade de nossa formação histórico-cultural.
The memory constitutes a frequently adopted resource for literary creation as knowledge source. Such research is justified for recognizing how the recall act is important to acquire an experiences' cultural view lived by a particular person or group in certain time. The present research intends to observe how the subject is treated in Cora Coralina's work in intention to verify as the writer carries through the memory transposition in its multiple aspects for the literary creation. The critical vision of the reality makes her work exceeds the pure and simple nostalgic memory register, taking the readers to restore a cultural and social cartography delimited to a time: Goiás, sight as Brazil metaphor, in the beginning of century XX. Memory as register of a time coming expressed through its recovery by the cultural and social lode but always through a vision that recover the version of less representable persons. For such research, it's considered indispensable the readings: Maurice Halbwachs (A Memória Coletiva), Ecléa Bosi (Memória e Sociedade: lembrança dos velhos); beyond the Merleau-Ponty's philosopher study about the perception, Lúcia Castelo Branco(A Mulher Escrita), about the feminine condition. Gilberto Freyre's study will be present; this last one to particularize our cultural-historic formation.

This diploma thesis focuses on design of an accommodation guest house – apartments and stables. The apartment object has two above-ground floors and a partial basement. Two social rooms and a room for staff are located in the part of the basement that reaches above ground. The dinning room, sanitary facilities and apartments for people with reduced mobility are located on the first floor. Four apartments are located in a residential attic. The recreational building is made of ceramic bricks and has a gabled roof and counter skylights. The agricultural building will be used for stabling horses, parking agricultural machinery and storing hay and feed. Stables are designed as a timber frame construction with a supporting frame made of timber pillars coated with the Fermacell boards. The building has a gabled roof with a skylight above the horse boxes for ventilation. The thesis contains drawings and technical documentation and it is composed as an implementation project.

Orientador: Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques
Banca: Márcio Roberto de Costa Martins
Banca: Laura Rodrigues Vieira de Alencar
Banca: Bianca Von Muller Berneck
Banca: Wagner André Pedro
Resumo: A tribo Tachymenini possui grande diversidade morfológica, no uso do habitat e em seus hábitos alimentares. Por esse motivo o grupo demonstra ser um objeto de estudo de grande importância para a ecologia comparativa. Este estudo avalia os atributos ecológicos de vários táxons associada à filogenia reconstruir a história evolutiva do grupo, identificando caracteres ancestrais. Foram coletados dados morfológicos, merísticos, alimentares e reprodutivos das 13 espécies (Calamodontophis paucidens; Gomesophis brasiliensis; Pseudotomodon trigonatus; Ptychophis flavovirgatus; Tachymenis peruviana; Thamnodynastes hypoconia; T. lanei; T. nattereri; T. pallidus; T. rutilus; T. strigatus e Tomodon dorsatus). Para tanto foram obtidos dados da literatura e de coleções herpetológicas brasileiras e do exterior. Por meio da otimização de caracteres foi possível reconhecer a evolução de padrões morfológicos, merísticos, bem como definir a dieta da maioria das espécies estudadas
Abstract: The Tachymenini tribe has great diversity on the morphology, habitat use and feeding habits. For this reason, the group proves to be a very important object of study for comparative ecology. This study evaluates the ecological attributes of various taxa and associate then to phylogeny to the reconstruct of the evolutionary history, identifying ancestral characters of the tribe. Morphological, meristic, feeding and reproductive data were colected for 13 species (Calamodontophis paucidens; Gomesophis brasiliensis; Pseudotomodon trigonatus; Ptychophis flavovirgatus; Tachymenis peruviana; Thamnodynastes hypoconia; T. lanei, T. nattereri, T. pallidus, T. rutilus, T. strigatus and Tomodon dorsatus). Therefore, we obtained data from the literature and many herpetological collections from South America. Through the character optimization was possible to recognize the evolution of morphological and meristic patterns, also define the diet of most species studied
Doutor

The COBRA experiment aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ-decay) as a probe to new physics beyond the standard model. The aim of this thesis is to work towards creating a low background environment for the COBRA experiment as well as optimising and simplifying as far as possible the way in which the COBRA experiment could be operated. Several new results have been obtained. Experimental work on CZT detector operation revealed simplified ways for detector operation which would benefit a full COBRA experimental setup in terms of performance and cost. Detailed Monte-Carlo simulation studies into shielding design for COBRA aiming at a complete background model for detector design have also been undertaken and partly completed, yielding results which could also be useful for general low background applications. Finally, general data analysis methods have been developed and employed, again targeting general detector design in order to establish a blind analysis technique for COBRA.

Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Edição de Texto
Edição Evolutiva de Cobra, de Herberto Helder. Percurso textual e crítico que abrange trinta e dois anos de reedições do autor. Transcrição e fixação da primeira versão do texto (texto-base), e registo de todas as variantes que sofre. Reflexão crítica sobre o acto da escrita e produção poéticas de Herberto Helder

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T12:40:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Santos Andrade - 2016.pdf: 1293653 bytes, checksum: ac19ef828c75f6af868e7e27bbe5908c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T12:59:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Santos Andrade - 2016.pdf: 1293653 bytes, checksum: ac19ef828c75f6af868e7e27bbe5908c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T12:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Santos Andrade - 2016.pdf: 1293653 bytes, checksum: ac19ef828c75f6af868e7e27bbe5908c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Known nationally as a poet, Cora Coralina started her life in literature with chronicle stories, using the journalism genre as a type of laboratory to perfect her writing, acquiring her own style. Only later she began writing in verses, through poems anchored in her experience, observation and memory. She incorporated her chronicle verve into her verses, and was always paying attention to the obscure and everyday life, in a way that her poems also constitute authentic chronicles, not only from Goiás, but from the Imperial Brazil, recently turned into a republic. From that, I propose in this paper to approach the work of Cora Coralina, with the purpose to bring to light her work in writing chronicles, as well as point out how the founding principles of the making of a chronicle are intrinsically and evidently connected to her poetic work. It is a documental and bibliographic research, made from the relation between the literary theories and her own literary text. In order to develop this research, the paper was structured into two chapters. In the first, with the goal of shedding light into how Cora Coralina practiced the genre of chronicles, we will look into the works Solidão, and Coisas de São Paulo, and lastly the poem Beco de Vila Rica, examining them to point out the different phases in her writing. In order to follow these phases, we collated these texts looking to evince the differences between her initial work and the work of her maturity, as well as the manner in which the poet incorporates into her poems the chronicle experience. In this chapter, we also indicate that the incursion of Cora Coralina into poetry is related to the readings that she had related to the Brazilian Modernismo movement. In order to examine how does Cora Coralina’s chronicle poetry relates to Modernismo, we observe the confluence between her work and that of other Brazilian poets from the same time, such as Manuel Bandeira and Mario Quintana. In the second chapter, we show that her poetry in intimately connected to the city of Goiás, and that it happens due to a process that chronicizes her city and her time. To make that analysis, we chose the poems: “Minha cidade”; “Moinho do tempo”; “Antiguidades”; “Escola de mestre Silvina” e “Coisas de Goiás: Maria”. From these poems we verified aspects such as the process of interweaving between the poet and the city, the record of historical facts and of the silent proceedings of the city of Goiás, as well as the educational methods, and still observe the approximation of her poetry to the small facts, representing the daily, the history and the inhabitants of Goiás. Therefore, we consider that the poems from Coralina make up true chronicles of the vilaboense society, the city of Goiás and the eccentric people from that city.
Conhecida nacionalmente como poetisa, Cora Coralina iniciou-se na vida literária como cronista, funcionando o gênero jornalístico como uma espécie de laboratório para o aperfeiçoamento de sua escrita, para a aquisição de um estilo. Apenas tardiamente a escritora iniciou-se na escrita em versos, por meio de poemas ancorados na experiência, na observação, na memória. À escrita em versos ela incorporou sua verve de cronista, seu olhar atento às insignificâncias do cotidiano, às vidas obscuras, de modo que seus poemas constituem também autênticas crônicas de um Goiás, de um Brasil imperial, recém republicano. Partindo disso, proponho, nesta pesquisa abordar a obra de Cora Coralina, de modo a trazer para o cenário das discussões de sua obra o seu trabalho de escrita em crônicas, bem como apontar como os princípios fundadores do fazer cronístico estão intrinsecamente ligados e evidentes em sua obra poética. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica realizada a partir da relação entre as teorias literárias e o texto literário. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, a estruturamos em dois capítulos. No primeiro, com o objetivo de evidenciar como Cora Coralina praticava o gênero crônica acompanharemos, as crônicas Solidão, e Coisas de São Paulo, e por último o poema Beco de Vila Rica examinando-os para apontar as diferentes fases em sua escrita. Para acompanhar essas fases cotejamos esses textos procurando evidenciar as diferenças entre a sua obra inicial e a obra da maturidade, bem como o modo como a poetisa incorpora em seus poemas a experiência de cronista. Ainda neste capítulo, indicamos que a incursão de Cora Coralina na poesia está também relacionada à leitura que ela empreendeu com relação ao Modernismo brasileiro. Para examinar como a poesia de dimensão cronística de Cora Coralina se relaciona com o Modernismo, observamos a confluência entre a sua obra e a de outros poetas modernistas brasileiros como Manuel Bandeira e Mario Quintana. No segundo capítulo apontamos que a poética de Cora Coralina está intimamente ligada à cidade de Goiás e que isso acontece devido a uma cronicização de sua cidade e de seu tempo. Para a examinar a dimensão cronística na obra da autora foram escolhidos os poemas: “Minha cidade”; “Moinho do tempo”; “Antiguidades”; “Escola de mestre Silvina” e “Coisas de Goiás: Maria”. A partir desses poemas verificamos aspectos como o processo de imbricamento entre a poetisa e a cidade, o registro de fatos históricos e das minúcias silenciadas da cidade de Goiás, bem como os métodos educacionais, e ainda observamos a aproximação da sua poesia aos fatos miúdos, representando o cotidiano ao rés-do-chão, a história e os habitantes de Goiás. Assim consideramos que os poemas coralineanos compõem verdadeiras crônicas da sociedade vilaboense conferindo a sua poesia ares de crônicas de Goiás e do povo excêntrico daquela cidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4396_1.pdf: 170691 bytes, checksum: f2113a05c584e80d880508ed164b05cd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
A administração parenteral de antivenenos de origem eqüina constitui o recurso mais aceito cientificamente para o tratamento de envenenamentos por picadas de serpentes. O antiveneno botrópico produzido no Brasil inclui apenas cinco espécies desse gênero, dentre as quais não se encontra a espécie Bothrops erythromelas (jararaca-da-seca), serpente botrópica endêmica da região Nordeste. Primeiramente foram determinadas as dose mínimas que constituíram o desafio de neutralização para os antivenenos em cada atividade. Em seguida a neutralização foi calculada e expressa como DE50, dose que inibe 50% da atividade testada. As Doses Mínimas encontradas foram: 22,119 μg/camundongo (hemorrágica), 78,38 μg/camundongo (necrosante), 21,37 μg/ml (Coagulante) e 0,05 mg (Fosfolipásica). A DL50 foi 5,11 mg/kg. A eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, sob condições redutoras, da peçonha de B. erythromelas, corada por Comassie blue mostrou sete bandas confirmadas pelo imunoblotting quando revelado com os antivenenos comercial e monoespecífico diluídos 1/16.000. Foi demonstrado também, através da técnica de imunoprecipitação, que o antiveneno monoespecífico apresenta maior capacidade de formar imunocomplexos com os determinantes antigênicos presentes na peçonha de B. erythromelas, enquanto que a capacidade de complexação do antiveneno comercial não foi suficiente para precipitar os antígenos dessa peçonha. Nos experimentos de neutralização, foi observada uma eficácia cerca de 2x maior do antiveneno monoespecífico em relação ao comercial, em todas as atividades testadas. As Doses Efetivas 50% para o antiveneno comercial e monoespecífico, respectivamente, foram: 49,21 μl/mg peçonha e 26,95 μl/mg peçonha (hemorragia); 9,50 μl/mg e 7,34 μl/mg (necrosante); 85,2 μl/mg e 51,2 μl/mg (letal); 12,61 μl/mg e 6,35 μl/mg (coagulante) e, 285,38 μl/mg e 166 μl/mg (fosfolipásica). Neste trabalho, foi demonstrado que o antiveneno botrópico monoespecífico foi mais efetivo que o botrópico comercial na neutralização das atividades testadas (letal, hemorrágica, necrosante, coagulante e fosfolipásica), na capacidade de formar imunocomplexos in vitro com a peçonha de Bothrops erythromelas e no reconhecimento das proteínas separadas eletroforeticamente

The extant medically and socially important cobras have been the subject to several comparative taxonomic studies since the 1940s, but still lack an inclusive and thorough phylogenetic tree. With recent major advancements in phylogenetic analysis, it is now common to use multiple independent loci for studying the phylogenetic relationships within groups. For the first time, 27 from the 29 identified Naja species, alongside 5 putative new or elevated species had 4426 base pairs across 1701 sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data analysed. The results continue to support the monophyletic core cobra clade encompassing the genera Walterinnesia, Aspidelaps, Hemachatus, Pseudohaje and Naja (1.0 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP)), in addition to the grouping of four monophyletic subgenera within Naja. The group of African spitting cobras, Afronaja, is positioned as the sister group to the rest of the genus. Moderate support (0.8 BPP) is found for the grouping of the Asian cobras, Naja, with the African non-spitting cobras, Ureaus. The closest relative to the genus Naja is Pseudohaje goldii, a genus and species never before included in phylogenetic analysis, followed by the sister taxa Hemachatus haemachatus. The king cobra continues to be positioned outside the core cobra group, sister to Hemibungarus calligaster. The results support the hypothesis of three independent origins of spitting, once in the monotypic Hemachatus haemachatus, once within the subgenus Afronaja, and the final origin within the Asian cobras, subgenus Naja. The relationships found were broadly consistent with previous studies, with the additional inclusion of more species creating the most comprehensive cobra phylogeny to date. Further molecular analysis, specifically species delimitation, must be undertaken to ascertain the position of the 5 putative new species included in this study.

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Enfermagem
De acordo com Paúl & Fonseca cit in Jordão (2012/2013, p. 2), o envelhecimento é um processo complicado de evolução a nível biológico, psicológico e social, isto porque com o avançar da idade muitas alterações vão surgindo exigindo uma contínua adaptação e procura de equilíbrios. De acordo com o que Grelha (2009, p.45) referencia, o aumento da esperança média de vida leva a um aumento de pessoas na idade idosas que podem evoluir para uma fase que dependam das outras pessoas para realizarem as AVD’s (Atividades de Vida Diárias). A mulher é vista como a cuidadora de todos os elementos da família e é responsável pela manutenção familiar devido ao seu papel imposto por tradições culturais de geração em geração. (Relvas, 2002, cit in Jordão, 2012/2013, p.10) Sousa, Figueiredo & Cerqueira, 2004 cit in Pereira, 2015, p.52, refere que a sobrecarga é um conjunto de problemas a nível físico, a nível psicológico e a nível socioeconómico que surge com o decorrer da prestação de cuidados. O objetivo principal deste projeto de graduação é avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais de Paredes de Coura e os objetivos específicos é avaliar a sobrecarga de acordo com o impacto à nível emocional, físico e social. A população que pertenceu a este estudo foram os cuidadores informais de Paredes de coura que estejam a exercer a função há mais de 6 meses tendo selecionado 30 elementos como amostra desta população para realização desta investigação. De acordo com Fortin (2009), trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal e como processo de amostragem foi utilizado o método não probabilístico por bola de neve. Como instrumento de recolha de dados foi utilizado o QASCI (Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidado Informal). Os resultados obtidos mostram que os cuidadores informais são maioritariamente do sexo feminino com uma idade media de 58,9 apresentando uma sobrecarga total moderada (29,7).
In agreement with Paúl & Fonseca cit in Jordan, 2012/2013, p.2, the aging is a complicated process of evolution at level biological, psychological and social, this because with moving forward of the age many alterations they are going appearing demanding a continuous adaptation and search of balances. In agreement with what it Grelha (2009, p. 45) reference, the increase of the medium hope of life takes the an increase of people in the age seniors that can develop for a phase that they depend on the other other people for us to accomplish AVD’s. The woman is seen as the caretaker of all elements of the family and is responsible for maintaining familiar due to your role imposed by cultural traditions from generation to generation (Relvas, 2002 cit in Jordão, 2012/2013, p.10). Sousa, Figueiredo & Cerqueira, 2004 cit in Pereira, 2015, p.52, points out that the overload is a set of physical problems, psychological and socio-economic level that comes with the course of care. The main objective of this project is to assess the degree of informal caregiver’s overload of Paredes de Coura and the specific objectives is to evaluate the overhead according to the impact on the emotional, physical and social level. The population belonged to this study were informal caregiver’s of Paredes de Coura which are to perform the function for more than 6 months having selected 30 elements such as sample of this population to carry out this investigation. According to Fortin (2009), it is a quantitative study, descriptive and cross-sectional and how sampling procedure was used in the probabilistic method for snowball. As the data collection instrument was used the QASCI (Questionnaire of Evaluation of Informal Care Overload). The results obtained show that informal caregivers are mostly females with an age average of 58,9 showing a moderate total overload (29,7).
N/A

The work presented here, aims to investigate the participation of Alagoas ex-combatants who participated directly and indirectly in the Second World War, as summoned of the Brazilian Armed Forces between the years 1944-45. Their participation should be examined in order to confirm not only sending 148 men from Alagoas to the fields of Italy, but also to check the convening of others men who defended the Brazilian coast and its subsequent process of social reintegration for through the creation of the Association of Ex-combatants in Brazil Alagoas Section (AECB-AL). To study this issue after nearly seventy years since the end of World War II, in a state that develops little incentive to register your memory or memory of their natural, was one of the factors that greatly hindered the construction of this dissertation. The existence of a few men still alive here in Alagoas and willing to express their experiences on the period in question, adds to the overall picture of difficulties encountered during these more than two years of research, but were gradually overcome . We did not have sufficient records of men from Alagoas called in this official literature, it had to resort the statements by some men, with more than eighty years, that proposed to serve as reviewers of this research, reporting their experiences before, during and after war.
O trabalho aqui apresentado tem como objetivo investigar a trajetória de ex-combatentes alagoanos que participaram direta e indiretamente da Segunda Guerra Mundial, como convocados das Forças Armadas brasileiras entre os anos de 1944-45. A sua participação deverá ser analisada com o intuito de confirmar não só o envio de 148 alagoanos para os campos da Itália, mas, também, de verificar a convocação de outros alagoanos que defenderam o litoral brasileiro e o seu posterior processo de reintegração social, por intermédio da criação da Associação dos Ex-combatentes do Brasil Secção Alagoas (AECBAL). Estudar esse tema após quase setenta anos do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em um estado que desenvolve pouco incentivo para o registro de sua memória ou da memória de seus naturais, foi um dos fatores que dificultou sobremaneira a construção dessa dissertação. A existência de um número reduzido de alagoanos convocados ainda vivos e com vontade de expressar as suas experiências sobre o período em questão, soma-se ao quadro geral de dificuldades encontradas durante esses mais de dois anos de pesquisa, mas que foram aos poucos sendo superadas. Por não se ter registros suficientes de alagoanos convocados na bibliografia oficial, teve-se que recorrer a depoimentos de alguns homens, com mais de oitenta anos, que se propuseram a servir como colaboradores desta pesquisa, relatando as suas experiências antes, durante e após a guerra.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Pinho Dias.pdf: 11546571 bytes, checksum: e18b46a30af32323b3f47e212d50b314 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-10
Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This thesis was developed in accordance with the socio-cognitive line of Critical Discourse Analysis and deals with the forms of biographical representation of poet Cora Coralina constructed by she herself and by other authors. The general objective of this thesis is to contribute to analytical studies of texts written by Brazilian regional authors. The specific objectives are: 1) to examine the poet's biography based on a base text and selected intertexts of her poetic works; 2) to analyze the linguistic expressions of intertexts selected from studies of other authors; and 3) to clip other intertexts of authors whose evaluative representations aid in historically reconstructing the context of Cora Coralina's production of her poetry. Based on the assumption of dialectics between the social and the individual, one recognizes that Cora Coralina's poetry is guided by cultural values of the social memory of the groups with which she lived in Glose proximity, in or out of the city of Goiás, and the theoretic-analytical procedure adopted was the interrelation among the society, cognition, and discourse categories. Findings of the analysis indicated that: 1) although the social guides her individual, there is opposition between traditional cultural values and those represented by Cora Coralina; 2) two social groups stand out in Goiás - the conservative and the innovative - which proves the dynamics of the culture in each contemporaneity; 3) the poet's lexical choices are guided by what she experienced within her social group; 4) the evaluative representations' of her autobiography confront the past and the contemporaneity of her poetic produefion and focus personal experiences of privations which, by means of passionate modalizations, ramify into lack and neediness
Esta dissertação se desenvolve segundo a vertente sócio-cognitiva da Análise Crítica do Discurso e trata das formas de representação biográfica da poetisa Cora Coralina, construídas por ela mesma e por outros autores. O objetivo geral é contribuir com estudos analíticos de textos de autores regionais brasileiros e os específicos são: 1) examinar a biografia da poetisa a partir de um texto-base e de intertextos selecionados de sua obra poética; 2) analisar as expressões lingüísticas de intertextos selecionados de estudos e registros de outros autores; 3) recortar outros intertextos de autores cujas representações avaliativas auxiliem a reconstruir historicamente o contexto da produção de sua obra poética. Tendo por pressuposto a dialética entre o social e o individual, entende-se que a poesia de Cora Coralina é guiada por valores culturais da memória social dos grupos com os quais conviveu, fora ou dentro da cidade de Goiás, e toma-se como procedimento teórico-analítico a inter-relação das categorias: sociedade, cognição e discurso. Os resultados da análise indicam que: 1. há oposição entre os valores culturais tradicionais e os representados por Cora Coralina, ainda que o social guie seu individual; 2. destacam-se em Goiás, dois grupos sociais, o conservador e o inovador, comprovando a dinâmica da cultura em cada contemporaneidade; 3. as escolhas lexicais da poetisa são guiadas pelo vivido em seu grupo social; 4 as representações avaliativas de sua autobiografia confrontam o passado e a contemporaneidade, de sua produção poética e centram-se em experiências pessoais de privaçõe que se desdobram, por meio de modalizações passionais, em falta e carência

Description des différentes étapes de la conception d'un microprocesseur pour le contrôle des automatismes de sécurité, en particulier pour les systèmes de transport. Ce microprocesseur est autotestable, c'est-à-dire capable de détecter ses propres erreurs. La conception du circuit est basée sur les hypothèses de pannes au niveau analytique dans la technologie NMOS. Les blocs fonctionnels «Strongly Fault Secure» et les contrôleurs «Strongly Code Disjoint» sont à la base des circuits «Self-checking», dits autotestables. Le circuit COBRA démontre la faisabilité d'un microprocesseur autotestable. COBRA gère indépendamment 19 signaux différents, date des événements externes, mesure des fréquences, surveille 14 entrées logiques et possède 7 sorties indépendantes. Le programme d'application de COBRA est contenu dans une mémoire morte programmable externe de 16 Koctets adressés par 14 bits multiplexés sur le bus interne de 8 bits. COBRA contient également une liaison série, une mémoire à accès direct de 64 octets et 3 temporisateurs de 14 bits indépendants ainsi qu'une unité arithmétique et logique de 8 bits, COBRA exécute un jeu de 43 instructions

This master’s thesis deals with the computational simulation of low-frequency noise inside the cabin of small commercial airplane VUT 100 Cobra. For this low-frequncy range deterministic methods: Final Element Method (FEM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) are used for simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the object. FEM has been used to compute eigenmodes and eigenfrequences of the structure of the aeroplane cabin and of the acoustic space inside cabin. Then response to harmonic excitation of engine represented by unit forces in place of contact has been computed. Obtained velocities on the surface of the cabin are then used as the basis for the noise calculation inside the cabin using BEM. After that effect of some construction modifications on sound level inside cabin are evaluated by computational modelling.

Orientador: Márcia Gallacci
Banca: Selma Maria Michelin Matheus
Banca: Yoko Yoshima-Franco
Resumo: Os acidentes botrópicos representam cerca de 87% dos envenenamentos ofídicos registrados no Brasil e se destacam pelas graves seqüelas que limitam a vida do acidentado. O principal efeito tóxico local destes é a mionecrose, que pode levar à perda tecidual permanente e à amputação. A mionecrose pode ser decorrente da isquemia do tecido muscular, causada por fatores hemorrágicos presentes nestes venenos (metaloproteases), ou da presença de miotoxinas (PLA2s) que afetam diretamente o tecido muscular. O método mais eficaz para o tratamento dos envenenamentos ofídicos é a soroterapia passiva. No entanto, esta é limitada devido à relativa ineficácia do soro em neutralizar a mionecrose dos venenos botrópicos, além de muitas comunidades não terem acesso à soroterapia. Estes fatores conduzem a busca de métodos alternativos, como o uso de extratos vegetais. Evidências mostram que o extrato aquoso da Casearia sylvestris, conhecida popularmente como "guaçatonga, é capaz de neutralizar efeitos tóxicos de venenos brutos e de suas miotoxinas isoladas. A Casearia sylvestris apresenta diversos outros efeitos terapêuticos como: anti-séptico, antiinflamatório, anestésico local, anti-tumoral, anti-úlcera e cicatrizante. Devido à escassez de estudos experimentais para avaliar a eficácia de extratos vegetais na redução dos danos locais ocasionados pelo envenenamento botrópico, torna-se importante avaliar a potencial atividade antiofídica da Casearia sylvestris. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar o uso do extrato aquoso da Casearia sylvestris, como terapêutica tópica dos efeitos locais do envenenamento botrópico experimental em camundongos. Foi avaliada a capacidade do extrato bruto da planta em neutralizar a mionecrose induzida pelo veneno da Bothrops jararacussu e/ou acelerar o processo de regeneração... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Bothrops accidents represent about 87% of snakebites recorded in Brazil and account for serious the consequences that affect the life of the victim with social and economic repercussions. Its main toxic effect is myonecrosis, which can lead to permanent tissue loss and amputation. Myonecrosis may result from muscle tissue ischemia, hemorrhage caused by factors present in these venoms (metalloproteases), or the presence of myotoxins (PLA2s) that directly affect muscle tissue. The most effective treatment is passive serotherapy. However, this is limited due the relative ineffectiveness of the serum to neutralize the myonecrosis of Bothrops venoms and the lack of access to serotherapy by many communities. These factors lead to alternative methods such as the use of plant extracts. Evidence shows that the aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris, known popularly as "guaçatonga", is able to neutralize the toxic effects of venom and their crude myotoxins isolated. Casearia sylvestris presents several other therapeutic effects such as, antiseptic, antiinflammatory, local anesthetic, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer and wound healing. Due to the scarcity of experimental studies to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts in reducing the harm caused by Bothrops envenomation, it is important to evaluate the potential activity of antiophidic Casearia sylvestris as a complement to conventional serum therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the use of aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris, topical therapy as complementary to local effects of Bothrops envenomation in experimental mice. We evaluated the ability of the crude extract of the plant to neutralize myonecrosis induced by the venom of Bothrops jararacussu and / or accelerate the process of muscle regeneration. The onset of myonecrosis and the regenerative process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-06-24T19:17:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao-Priscila de O Pinto Maisel.pdf: 8178747 bytes, checksum: f1069e5429cc1557ee517f5d0761a1b9 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-10T14:41:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao-Priscila de O Pinto Maisel.pdf: 8178747 bytes, checksum: f1069e5429cc1557ee517f5d0761a1b9 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-10T14:45:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao-Priscila de O Pinto Maisel.pdf: 8178747 bytes, checksum: f1069e5429cc1557ee517f5d0761a1b9 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T14:45:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertaçao-Priscila de O Pinto Maisel.pdf: 8178747 bytes, checksum: f1069e5429cc1557ee517f5d0761a1b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-02
Não Informada
The Amazonian artist Bernadete Andrade (1953-2007) expresses in her body of work references of her culture. In this research we seek to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic relations in the creative process of art, discussing the cultural interrelations and visual elements expressed in her work. Our objective in this study is to analyze this creation process to interpret the images of the snake found in her drawings, paintings and artistic interventions, from 1989 to 2006. By utilizing methodological and technical principals of Genetic Criticism we seek to analyze and document the creative process involved in the creation of her work by analyzing records such as sketches, drafts, texts and draft books. We are also utilizing bibliographic research as the basis for the cultural context of the artist by following a multidisciplinary methodology and established a complex network, which justifies our semiotic systems approach. Thus observing the relationships built in inter-semiotic Semiosphere of the artist herself and the involvement of uniquely Amazonian and universal concepts of cultural influence on the artistic creative process. Through this analysis we see the path of Bernadete Andrade in the development and maturation of her style and thematic choices, thus making definitive structural and conceptual links between the thematic of her works utilizing the image of the snake over the course of seventeen years of her career. Our hypothesis is therefore that the line itself and the snake were used as metaphors for the artist's concept of creation.
A artista plástica amazonense Bernadete Andrade (1953-2007) traz em seu conjunto de obras referências de seu meio cultural. Nesta pesquisa buscamos compreender as relações intrínsecas e extrínsecas ocorridas no processo de criação em artes, discutindo as inter-relações culturais e os elementos visuais presentes na sua obra. Nosso objetivo é percorrer parte deste processo de criação para interpretarmos as imagens da serpente encontradas em seus desenhos, pinturas e intervenções artísticas, no período de 1989 a 2006. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos e técnicos, recorremos à Crítica Genética para a análise de documentos de processo, tais como esboços, rascunhos, textos, cadernos de estudo, entre outros. Utilizamo-nos, também, da pesquisa bibliográfica para embasamento do contexto cultural da artista. Seguimos um método multidisciplinar de estudo e estabelecemos uma rede complexa, o que justifica nossa abordagem semiótico-sistêmica. Observamos, assim, as relações intersemióticas construídas na semiosfera da artista, que envolvem aspectos da cultura amazônica e universal. E percebemos o caminho percorrido por ela na elaboração e amadurecimento de seu estilo e escolhas temáticas, fazendo ligação estrutural e conceitual entre suas obras, a partir da imagem da cobra, no decorrer de dezessete anos de sua carreira. Nossa hipótese, portanto, é de que a linha e a cobra foram utilizadas pela artista como metáforas da criação.

The Asiatic cobras of the genus Naja constitute a group of medically important venomous snakes. Until now, their taxonomy has been extremely confused. This study uses multivariate analysis of morphological characters recorded from museum material in order to elucidate the population systematics of this complex. The Asiatic cobra complex, hitherto considered to be monospecific, was found to consist of eight separate species: the Central Asian cobra, from the Caspian Sea to India; the Indian spectacled cobra, from India, and neighbouring countries; the monocellate cobra, from north-eastern India, Indochina and northern Malaysia; the Chinese/Indochinese spitting cobra, from south-eastern China and Indochina; the equatorial spitting cobra, from the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Palawan; the southern Indonesian spitting cobra, from Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands; the southern Philippine spitting cobra, from the south-eastern Philippines; and the northern Philippine cobra, from the northern Philippines. The pattern of geographic variation within these species is investigated. The species are described, and the differences between them outlined, in order to allow the identification of specimens. The results are related to literature data on cobra bites and venom composition. Considerable immunological variation between the venoms of different cobra taxa has been reported, and this study has shown that in some cases, two species whose bites require different antivenoms occur sympatrically over large areas, emphasising the medical importance of venomous snake systematics. Variation in fang structure is also investigated, and related to literature reports on the incidence of spitting behaviour in these snakes. Two species are incapable of spitting, the other six show a varying degree of adaptation to this defensive behaviour. Finally, the biogeographical factors which may account for the present-day distributions of these species are investigated.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2015.
Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T13:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 338207.pdf: 746176 bytes, checksum: c8553766700bd7cd24d4d65d14624c03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Este trabalho oferece uma interpretação sociológica de como o humor funciona, a partir da análise discursiva de determinados esquetes do programa humorístico virtual brasileiro Porta dos Fundos, de modo a refletir como um tipo específico de humor, crítico e desconstrutor de certezas, manifesta-se enquanto linguagem profanadora. A escolha dos esquetes se deu pelos temas neles trabalhados (autoridade, relações de poder, desigualdade de gênero, preconceito), pelas instituições que, de alguma maneira, são criticadas (Estado, Igreja e Família) e pela forma como humor é conduzido. São eles: 10 mandamentos (2013), Deus (2013), Bala de Borracha (2013), Cura (2013), Dura (2014), Sobre a mesa (2012), Ménage (2014). Em relação ao objeto, procurou-se compreender os discursos filosóficos sobre o humor e o riso que dele é consequência, pensando sobre os discursos canônicos que classificam o riso a partir de determinados critérios pré-estabelecidos: 1. A ironia como instrumento de profanação; 2. A zombaria contra a postura de superioridade; 3. A linguagem obscena em relação à loucura; 4. A mecânica do humor. O resultado não poderia ser mais inapropriado: indícios, vestígios, pistas do que seja esse fenômeno, mas em condições bastante específicas de observação e com o foco direcionado no como se faz rir, para além do que se ri, apesar de tais perspectivas estarem, de alguma maneira, inter-relacionadas.

Abstract : This dissertation provides a sociological interpretation to understand how the humor works from the discursive analysis of certain sketches of the brazilian online sitcom Porta dos Fundos, to reflect how a particular type of humor, critical and deconstructive of certainties, manifests itself as profane language. The choice of the sketches refers to the themes worked on them (authority, power relations, gender inequality, prejudice), institutions that, somehow, are criticized (State, Church and Family) and the way humor is conducted. They are: 10 Mandamentos (2013), Deus (2013), Bala de Borracha (2013), Cura (2013), Dura (2014), Sobre a Mesa (2012), Ménage (2014). In relation to the object, we tried to understand the philosophical discourse about humor and the laughter as his consequence, thinking about the canonical discourse that classify laughter from certain pre-established criteria: 1. The irony as profanation?s instrument; 2. Mockery against the superiority?s point of view; 3. Obscene language towards madness; 4. The mechanical of humor. The result could not be more inappropriate: clues, traces, tracks of what is this phenomenon, but in very specific conditions of observation and the focus directed on how to make laugh, beyond what laughs, although such prospects are, somehow, related.

Orientador: Sergio Marangoni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Toyama_DanieladeOliveira_D.pdf: 11046039 bytes, checksum: b59847c8c17a448c14ff005914cccd57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: Nesta tese foram apresentados os resultados da purificação de várias proteínas biologicamente ativas do veneno de serpentes crotálicas (CrotaJus durissus temfjcus, Crotalus durissus cascavel Ia, Crotalus durissus ruruima e CrotaJus durissus colliJineatus); botrópica (Bothrops pirajal) e coral (Mícrurus dumerilíi carínícauda). Muitas destas frações foram purificadas e caracterizadas do ponto de vista biológico, bioquímico e farmacológico. FraçOes como: crotamina, fosfolipase A2 (PLA2), crotapotinas e outras mostraram uma significativa atividade antibacteriana contra bactérias frtopatogênicas e patogênicas. As análises ultraestruturais e outros dados bioquímicos indicam que estas frações exercem essa atividade de formas diferenciadas. Foram observados quatro mecanismos de ação: 1.interação das frações com a membrana bacteriana, induzindo a ruptura e desorganização da mesma com posterior lise celular, 2. desorganização citoplasmática através da entrada das frações por poros na membrana causando lise celular, 3. digestão da membrana com posterior extravasamento do conteúdo interno bacteriano com lise celular, 4.1ise da membrana através dos radicais livres gerados pela reação enzimática do veneno com a membrana bacteriana. Durante o desenvolvimento da tese foram publicados e submetidos à publicação os seguintes artigos: 1.0liveira et aI., 2002 apresentaram o fracionamento do veneno de CrotaJus durissus terrificus em HPLC de fase reversa, com obtenção das frações: crotapotinas (F5 e F7) e PLA2 (F15, F16 e F17). As frações apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae. A fração F17 apresentou atividade anticoagulante e foi seqüenciada apresentando uma homologia estrutural com outras PLA2 em tomo de 60-90%. Sua massa molecular de 14,6kDa foi determinada através de tricina SDS-PAGE, eletroforese de duas dimensões e MALDI TOFF. 2. T oyama at aI., 2003 verificaram a atividade enzimática, neurotóxica e antibacteriana da fração PLA2 (F15) isolada do veneno de CrotaJus dirissus teTTificus. 3.0liveira et aI., 2003 isolaram, purificaram, seqüenciaram a fração crotapotina, um componente ácido da crotoxina do veneno de Crotalus duríssus cascavel Ia, e realizaram testes para verificar a atividade antibacteriana em bactérias fitopatogênicas Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, além de testes inflamatórios e nefrotóxicos. 4.Havt et aI., 2005 isolaram uma nova lectina tipo C (BPL) de Bothrops pirajai que foi caracterizada biológica e bioquimicamente. Esta fração também mostrou um efeito nefrotóxico em perfusão em rins isolados de ratos. 5. Toyama et al.,2004 isolaram, purificaram e caracterizaram bioquimicamente uma nova crotamina símile do veneno de Crotalus durissus cascavel/a. Foram identificados os peptídeos biologicamente ativos da crotamina, os quais foram responsáveis pela estimulação de secreção de insulina. . 6.Gandhi et aI., 2004 purificaram uma nova lectina tipo C (crotacetin), obtida do veneno de Crotalus durissus cascavel/a. Esta nova lectina induziu a agregação plaquetária, a aglutinação eritrocitária e também mostrou uma atividade antibacteriana. 7. Cavada et aI., 2004 purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova lectina da semente de Lonchocarpus sericeus, com alta especificidade por N-acetilglicosamina. 8. Cháriston et ai, 2004 isolaram e determinaram a estrutura primária de uma nova PLA2 de Micrurus dumerilli carinicauda. 9.Toyama et aI., 2004 isolaram, purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova isoforma da crotamina do veneno de Crotalus durissus ruruima e mostraram seu efeito antibacteriano. 10.Toyama et aI., 2004 isolaram, purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova PLA2 do veneno de Crotalus durissus collilineatus. Nestes trabalhos foram determinadas as regiões moleculares responsáveis pela atividade antibacteriana. 11. Toyama et a/., 2004 purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova L-amino oxidase do veneno de Crotalus durissus cascavel Ia (Casca LAO) através de exclusão molecular e HPLC de troca iônica. Casca LAO apresentou uma grande inibição bacteriana em bactérias Gram-negativas (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae) e Gram-positivas (Streptococcus mutans). Os estudos destas frações apresentam perspectivas futuras na aplicação terapêutica, como agentes antibacterianos, de novos peptídeos sintéticos ou naturais
Abstract: In this dissertation we present the results of purification of several biologically active protein from the crotalic rattlesnake venom (Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus durissus cascavel/a, Crotalus durissus ruruima e Crotalus durissus collilineatus); from bothropic (Bothrops piraja) and coral (Micrurus dumerilli camicauda). Many of these fractions were purified and biochemical, biologically and pharmacologically characterized, some were reported and other submitted for publication in specialized joumals. Some fraction as crotamine, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), crotapotins and other showed a significant antibacterial activity against phytopatogenical and pathogenic bacterium. Ultra structural and biochemical analyses suggest that this fraction exert this antibacterial activity by different ways, which are grouped according to the mode action into four different mechanisms: 1.interaction of some fractions with the bacterial membrane inducing cellular Iyses by membrane rupture and disorganization. 2. Bacterial cell Iyses by action of fraction from the venom that form pore on the membrane and consequently cytoplasmatic disorganization and membrane rupture. 3. Membrane cell digestion induced by protein from the venom and consequently lost of cytoplasmatic content and cellular Iyses. 4. Membrane cel! Iyses induced by free radical generated by enzymatic action of protein form the venom. During the development of this thesis we reported and submitted some articles listed below: 1. Oliveira et aI., 2002 presents the purification of crotapotins (F5 and F7) and PLA2 (F15, F16 and F17)from the Crotalus durissus terrificus venom by reverse phase HPLC. These fraction showed significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Passiflorae. Fraction F17 also showed an anticoagulant activity and its amino acid sequence showed high amino acid sequence identity with.60-90% with other PLA2 from different sources. Its molecular mass was 14,6kDa determined by Tricine PAGE-SDS, two dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI TOFF. 2. Toyama et aI., 2003 showed the enzymatic, neurotoxic and antibacterial activities of PLA2 isoform (F15) from the Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. 3. Oliveira et aI., 2003 isolated, purified and determined the amino acid sequence of crotapotin fraction, an acid compound of crotoxin from the Crotalus durissus cascavel/a, and detennined its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative phytopathogenic baderium, intlammatory and nephrotoxicity. 4. Havt et aI., 2005 isolated a new type C-Iectin (SPL) trom the Bothrops pirajaithat was biologically and biochemical characterized. This fraction also showed a nephrotoxic effect on the isolated perfused kidney. 5. Toyama et aI., 2004 isolated, purified and characterized biochemical a new crotamine like from Crotalus durissus cascavella venom. In this work we identified the biologically active peptide from this crotamine, which were responsible for increasing insulin secretion. 6. Gandhi et aI., 2004 purified a new lectin type C (crotocetin) trom the Crotalus durissus cascavella venom. This lectin induced platelet aggregation, erythrocyte agglutination and also showed an antibacterial activity. 7. Cavada et aI., 2004 purified and characterized a new lectin from the Lonchocarpus serieus seed that showed high specific binding against N-acetyl glucosamine. 8. Cháriston et aI., 2004 isolated and determined the amino acid sequence of new PLA2 from Micrurus dumerilli carinicauda. 9. Toyama et aI., 2004 isolated, purified and characterized a new crotamine isofonn from the Crotalus durissus ruruima venom and showed its antibacterial activity. 10. Toyama et aI., 2004 isolated, purified and charaderized a new PLA2 trom the Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. In this work we determined the molecular region of the PLA2 responsible for the antibacterial activity. 11. Toyama et aI., 2004 purified and characterized a new L-amino acid oxidase from the Crotalus durissus cascavella whole venom (Casca LAAO) by molecular exdusion and cation exchange HPLC. Casca LAAO inhibited strongly the bacterial growth rate of Gram-negative (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv passiflorae) and Gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans). These studies presented here showed a future perspective to therapeutic application of these peptides, synthetical/y or natural/y obtained as potential antibacterial substances
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Orientador: Marcos Roberto de Mattos Fontes
Coorientador: Débora Colombi
Banca: Consuelo L. Fortes-Dias
Banca: Marcelo Fossey
Banca: Paulo Eduardo M. Ribolla
Banca: João Renato Carvalho Muniz
Resumo: Ainda nos dias de hoje, o envenenamento ofídico é um problema de saúde pública, afetando sobretudo, regiões de clima tropical, subtropical e áreas rurais de países da África, Ásia, Oceania e América Latina. No Brasil, os gêneros de serpentes Bothrops e Crotalus são responsáveis por quase 90% dos acidentes ofídicos, sendo que os acidentes provocados por este último apresentam relativa alta taxa de mortalidade. O veneno das serpentes do gênero Bothrops possuem uma classe de fosfolipases A2, as Lys49-PLA2s, que não possuem atividade catalítica, mas são capazes de induzir a mionecrose por uma mecanismo não catalítico que não é totalmente conhecido. Com relação às fosfolipases A2 veneno das serpentes do gênero Crotalus, o complexo crotoxina, formado pela crotoxina A (não catalítica) e a crotoxina B (catalítica) pode constituir até cerca de 60% do veneno desses animais, como no caso da subespécie Crotalus durissus terrificus, e é uma potente neurotoxina que provoca um grande bloqueio da transmissão neuromuscular. Neste trabalho, utilizando diversas técnicas teóricas e experimentais, sobretudo cristalografia de raios X, são apresentados diversos resultados que visam aprofundar o conhecimento acerca do funcionamento destas proteínas. Com relação à crotoxina, é apresentado a estrutura cristalográfica da crotoxina B de Crotalus durissus colillineatus, a expressão heteróloga da isoforma CBa2 da crotoxina B de Crotalus durissus terrificus para a posterior produção de formas mutantes sítio-dirigidas e resultados da análise do espalhamento de raios X a baixo ângulo da crotoxina e de suas subunidades isoladas, gerando informações relevantes e inéditas acerca da oligomerização destas proteínas. No caso das Lys49-PLA2s isoladas do veneno botrópico, são apresentadas duas novas estruturas cristalográficas dessa classe de proteínas isolada da serpente amazônica B. brazili. A análise ...
Abstract: Snakebite is a very serious public health problem still today, affecting tropical and subtropical countries, especially the rural areas of Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. In Brazil, Bothrops and Crotalus snake genus are responsible of almost 90% of snakebites. The venoms of Bothrops snakes have a class of phospholipases A2, known as Lys49-PLA2s, which do not have catalytic activity. However, they are able to induce myonecrosis by a non-catalytic mechanism that is not fully understood. In the venom of Crotalus snakes, a phospholipase A2, known as crotoxin constitutes about 60% of the venom from these animals. This protein is a potent neurotoxin that causes a large block of neuromuscular transmission formed by complexation of crotoxin A (non-catalytic) and crotoxin B (catalytic). In this work, it was used several theoretical and experimental techniques, in particular X-ray protein crystallography, to generate information to extend the knowledge of the action of these proteins. Regarding to crotoxin, the crystal structure of crotoxin B isolated from Crotalus durissus colillinetaus was solved and the heterologous expression of isoform CBa2 of crotoxin B from Crotalus durissus terrificus was performed, in order to, subsequently, produce site-directed mutants. Furthermore, it is presented small angle X-ray scattering experiments with the crotoxin and its isolated subunits that provided intriguing and novel information about the oligomerization of these proteins. Regarding to Lys49-PLA2s from Bothrops snakes, it is presented two new crystal structures of this class isolated from Amazonian snake B. brazili. The analysis of these structures and the structural comparison to other Lys49-PLA2s crystallographic structures generated new information about the position of hydrophobic residues in C-terminal portion of these proteins. This information led us to a new proposition of the mechanism of action of these proteins. It is also presented ...
Doutor

Orientador : Julia Prado Francheschi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T02:00:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zappellini_Aldete_M.pdf: 1943638 bytes, checksum: d681f5b052540f56a0eb44ceaadfdf0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991
Resumo: A B. erythromelas é uma serpente que habita exclusivamente as regiões quentes do Nordeste brasileiro (Bahia ao Ceará). Nesta Tese avaliaram-se características bioquímicas e farmacológicas de sua peçonha. Verificou-se que o veneno apresenta atividades coagulante, proteolítica (caseinolítica), fosfolipásica e hemorrágica, bem como discreta atividade TAME-esterásica. Os fracionamentos realizados revelaram a presença de três (Sephadex G-75) e quatro (Sephadex G-100) picos distintos. No primeiro pico detectaram-se as atividades proteolítica e coagulante, no segundo, TAME-esterásica (ausente em Sephadex G-75), no terceiro, fosfolipásicae coagulante. Nenhuma atividade foi detectada no último pico. Através do estudo farmacológico, verificou-se que a peçonha de B. elyrhromelas é menos tóxica do que a de B. jararaca para camundongos (via intraperitoneal); no entanto, esta relação se inverteu para pintainhos (via, intramuscular). Estudamos também os efeitos deste veneno sobre,a pressão arterial sistêmica e a respiração, bem como sobre o tempo de coagulação, de cães anestesiados. Observou-se que após administração de 25 fJ.g/kg da peçonha (via endovenosa, "bolus"), os animais apresentaram uma queda da pressão arterial que revelou a presença de dois componentes distintos: o primeiro manifestou-se por uma queda de rápida instalação e de moderada intensidadee o segundo, por uma queda mais acentuada e persistente. Verificou-se também que o veneno determinou a morte de 58,8% dos animais, por parada respiratória precedida por hiperpnéia. Incoagulabilidade sanguínea, após uma breve fase de hipercoagulabilidade (coagulopatiade consumo) foi também observada. O pré-tratamento dos animais, de forma independente, com heparina, sulfato de celulose, NW-nitro-L arginina metil éster (L-NAME) , indometacina, soro antibotrópico (SAB), e sulfato de celulose e indometacina associados, determinou a sobrevida de 100% dos animais experimentados. O primeiro componente hipotensor foi inibido significativamente pelo sulfato de celulose, bem como pela heparina, enquanto que o segundo componente hipotensor foi abolido em 50% dos animais tratados com indometacina. A associação de sulfato de celulose e indometacina inibiu completamente as alterações pressóricas induzidas pelo veneno, bem como as anomalias respiratórias. Estes resultados sugerem que bradicinina seja responsável pela queda inicial da pressão arterial e que eicosanóides com ação vasodilatadora, tais como prostacic1ina e/ou prostaglandina E2 sejam os mediadores da segunda queda pressórica. O estado de choque, por sua vez, seria mantido pela liberação de óxido nítrico pelas células endoteliais, uma vez que o pré-tratamento com L-NAME determinou uma recuperaçãoacelerada dos níveis pressóricos, ainda que não tenha interferido com nenhuma das respostas hipotensoras. As alterações na coagulação somente foram revertidas com o uso do SAB, no entanto em proporção 30 vezes superior àquela recomendada pelo Instituto Butantan
Abstract: B. elythromelas is a snake found exc1usivelyin the Northeast of Brazil (from Bahia to Ceará). In this Thesis, some of the biochemical and pharmacological characteristics of this venom were examined. B. erythromelas venom possesses coagulant activity as well as proteolytic (caseinolytic), phospholipase and TAME-esterase activities. Practionation of the venom yielded either three (Sephadex G-75) or four (Sephadex G-IOO) distinct peaks. The first peak contained primarily proteolytic and clotting activities; in the second one, TAME-esterase activity was detected (this peak was absent in the G-75 fractionation). The third peak contained phospholipase activity and in the last, no activity could be detected. B. erythromelas venom, compared with B. jararaca venom, is less toxic in mice, when given i.p.. However, this potency is inverted when the venoms are given i.m. in chicks. The effects of B. erythromelas venom on arterial blood pressure and respiration, as well as clotting time "in vivo" (anaesthetized dogs), were also examined. A bolus injection of B. Erythromelas venom (25 f-tg/kg,i.v.) induced a biphasic hypotensive response consisting of a rapid initial decrease followed by a partial recovery (early phase) which was then succeeded by a more sustained hypotension (late phase). The dose of venom used caused a 58.8% mortality. The animals died following a period of profound respiratory alterations. Independent pre-treatment of the animaIs with heparin, cellulose sulphate, NW-Nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indomethacin, antibothropic serum, or a combination of cellulose sulphate and indomethacin, abolished the lethality. The ear1yphase of hypotension was inhibited by cellulose sulphate as well as by heparin, while the late phase was partially inhibited (50%) by indomethacin. Pre-treatment with cellulose sulphate and indomethacin abolished the venom-induced alterations in blood pressure and respiration. These results suggest that bradykinin may be responsible for the initial hypotensive response and that vasodilatory eicosanoids, such as prostacyclin and/or prostaglandin E2 may mediate the late phase. Pre-treatment with L-NAME led to a more rapid recovery from the sustained late phase of hypotension although there was no effect on the immediate hypotensive response. This observation suggests that nitric oxide release, from endothelial cells, may contribute to the maintenance of the venom-induced shock. On the other hand, the hemostatic alterations were prevented only by pre-treatment with antibothropic serum, however in a dose 30 fold above that recommended by the Butantan Institute
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia

Orientador : Julia Prado Franceschi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T13:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_AntonioLelisFranco_M.pdf: 930305 bytes, checksum: 9a1adb016c549a5a0842d2de171594e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993
Resumo: Serpentes da especie B. moojeni, conhecidas popularmente como "caiçaca", apesar de medirem cerca de 1,50m são capazes de fornecer até 300mg de veneno por extração, podendo por este motivo causar acidentes graves. Na Região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo (região de São Josédo Rio Preto), chegam a 90% dos casos registrados. Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Bothrops moojeni (Hoge, 1966), populary known by the Tupi-Guarani Indian name of "caiçaca" meaning "something that burns", is a widely distributed venomous snake species found in the state of São Paulo and in neighboring regions. Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia

Orientador: Albetiza Lobo de Araujo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T12:08:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_AnaOliviade_M.pdf: 3133175 bytes, checksum: 172111dae3c3965d6a48fe7907c481cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995
Resumo: A capacidade que os venenos de serpentes possuem de aumentarem a permeabilidade vascular e induzirem edema, através da liberação de substâncias farmacologicamente ativas, é bem conhecida. Investigamos a resposta inflamatória (edema e permeabilidade vascular) induzida pelo veneno de Bothrops lanceolatus (VBL) em camundongos Swiss machos. O edema de pata foi induzido pela injeção subplantar do VBL (125 a 1000 ng/pata) e quantificado pelo aumento do peso da pata. A permeabifidade vascular foi determinada pela quantidade de azul de Evans extravasado. O edema e o aumento de permeabilidade foram máximos dentro de duas horas e estatisticamente insignificantes a partir de 24 horas. A administração de iloprost (20 ng/pata) após a do VBL potencializou o edema e o aumento de permeabilidade vascular aproximadamente em 400%. O tratamento dos camundongos com indometacina (5 mg/kg), dexametasona (1 mg/kg), NDGA (100 mg/kg) ou BW A4C (50 mg/kg) inibiu o edema induzido pelo VBL (43%, 59%, 28% e 43%, respectivamente) e o a(Jmento da permeabilidade vascular (0%, 66%, 48% e 44%, respectivamente). Ao contrário, os antagonistas de histamina, serotonina, e PAF [mepiramina (6 mg/kg), ciproheptadina (5 mg/kg), e WEB 2086 (50 mg/kg), respectivamente não foram efetivos. Estes resultados indicam que os dois fenômenos anteriormente citados são mediados principalmente por produtos da ação de ciclooxigenase e lipoxigenase. A nível histológico, as patas que sofreram injeção de 250 e 500 ng do VBL apresentaram um aumento na região dérmica com espaços intercelulares que são indícios de edema. Houve a presença de infiltrado celular, principalmente neutrófilos, entre as fibras musculares, as quais, morfologicamente não foram afetadas, pelo menos durante as três primeiras horas de observação. Com a dose de 500 ng ocorreu intensa hemorragia registrando grande número de hemácias extravasculares
Abstract: The ability of snake venoms to increase vascular permeability and to induce oedema through the release of pharmacologically active substances is well known. This thesis investigates the inflammatory response (oedema and , vascular permeability) induced by the venom of Bothrops lanceolatus (BL V) in male Swiss white mice (20-30g). Paw oedema was induced by the subplantar injection of BLV (125-1000 ng/paw) and was quantified as the increase in paw weighí. Changes in vascular permeability were assessed by measuring the amount of Evans blue dye extravasation. Oedema and the increase in vascular permeability were maximal within two hours and had resolved afier 24h. The administration of iloprost (20 ng/paw) immediately afier BLV potentiated the oedema and increased the vascular permeability by approximately 400%. Pre¬treating the mice with indomethacin (5 mg/kg), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), NDGA (100 mg/kg), or BW A4C (50 mg/kg) inhibited the BLV-induced oedema (by 43%, 59%, 28% and 43%, respectively) and the increase in vascular permeability (by 0%, 66%, 48%, and 44%, respectively). In contrast, histamine, serotonin, and PAF-acether antagonists [mepyramine (6 mglkg) , cyproheptadine (5 mg/kg), and WEB 2086 (50 mg/kg), respectively)] were not effective. In histological sections,the venom (250 and 500 ng) was observed to cause thickening of the innerdermal layers which was accompanied by the presence of large intercellular spaces indicative of oedema. In addition, there was a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils, into the underlying muscle layer. The latter, however, remained morphologically unaffected during the three hours of observation. Venom doses of 500 ng or more produced intense hemorrhage in the paw. These results indicate that BL V-induces oedema and increases vascular permeability in the mouse paw as confirmed by histological examination of the injected paws. The principal mediators of this inflammation response are cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia

Orientador: Sergio Marangoni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T23:09:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Toyama_MarcosHikari_D.pdf: 9361968 bytes, checksum: eaf1e7ea3745e2860f46c214010b9739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: As serpentes do gênero Bothrops incluem várias espécies, que são amplamente distribuídas na América do Sul e do Norte. Entre as proteínas bioativas do veneno de Bothrops, as Fosfolipases Az (PLAz,E.c. 3.1.14) e as miotoxinas PLAz"like" destacam-se como seus componentes majoritários. Fosfolipases Az são enzimas cálcio dependentes que hidrolisam a ligação 2-éster do 1,2 diacil-3sn fosfoglicerídeo (Chang et aI., 1994, Shimohigachi et aI., 1995, Ogawa, et aI., 1996). Estas enzimas são encontradas em muitos tecidos, principalmente no suco pancrácio de mamíferos,no veneno de serpentes e insetos. Enzimas PLAz são classificados dentro de quatro grupos (I, lI, III e IV) de acordo com sua origem extracelular ou intracelular, de acordo com sua estrutura primária e pontes de sulfeto (Denis et aI., 1994). Nesta tese, trabalhos com o veneno total de Bothrops pirajai e suas frações fosfolipases Az miotóxicas. Num primeiro instante, nos desenvolvemos uma nova estratégia de purificaçãodestas miotoxinasem HPLC(HPLCde fase reversa, troca iônicae exclusão molecular) e em cromatografia convencional de baixa pressão (CM-Sepharose). Em nossas condições experimentais, observamos que o HPLCde fase reversa (RP HPLC)tem vantagens sobre o método convencional, em relação ao tempo da corrida cromatográfica, a resolução dos picos e a manutenção da integridade molecular da PLAz. O primeiro trabalho feito por Toyama et aI., (1995) apresenta os resultados da purificação da principal miotoxina PLAz"Iike" (MPI e MPII) do veneno total de Bothrops pirajai, usando uma única etapa cromatográfica em HPLCde fase reversa. Este novo protocolo de purificação restringe a quantidade de proteína a ser colocada na coluna algumas mg. O rendimento final é 35% melhor do que na cromatografia de troca iônica de baixa pressão. Em Soares et aI., (1998), propusemos um uma outra alternativa de purificação das miotoxinas PLAz "like" majoritárias usando coluna convencional, uma vez que o RP HPLC não aceita grandes quantidades de amostras. No procedimento convencional,a eluição das miotoxinasPLAz"like" era eluídausando acetato de amônia em altas concentraçõe se altos valor de pH. Atroca do acetato de amônio por bicarbonato de amônia permitiu o uso de tampões com baixo pH e baixas concentrações salinas. Outros venenos de Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops asper, Bothrops atrox, Bothrops pirajai, Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops alternatus e Bothrops (Bothriopsis) bilineata foram fracionados usando procedimentos simplificados baseados na cromatografia em CMSepharose a pH 8.0 ou em RP HPLC. O uso de NH4HC03ou de acetonitrila como tampões nestes procedimentos cromatográficosdescritos acima, tem outras vantagens como a omissãode desalificaçãoe facilidadena liofilização. Isto permite uma melhorrecuperação das proteínas eluídas e redução do tempo de corrida. O método em CM-Sepharosee RP-HPLCdescritos aqui são recomendados para escalas preparativas e analíticas, respectivamente. Nos métodos previamente descritos usam dois ou mais passos cromatográficos para o isolamento de miotoxinas. Em adição as colunas preparativas wBondapack C18 mostraram também ser conveniente para a purificação de PLA2S. Ambos os métodos descritos aqui separam os componentes principaisdo veneno usando unicamente passo cromatográfico. Os perfis cromatográficos mostraram importantes diferenças no conteúdo de miotoxinas destes venenos. O veneno de B. alternatus, B. atrox e Bothriopsis bilineata não contem a miotoxina principal encontrada em outros venenos. O sequenciamento de aminoácidos dos primeiros 50 resíduos da região N-terminal destas miotoxinas PLA2"like" mostram uma homologia de 90 a 96% com outras miotoxinas botropicas. Todas as miotoxinas isoladas induzem edema de pata, aumentando o nível de creatinina quinase pancreática e indução da mionecrose junto com a infiltraçãode células polimorfonucleares. Nesta tese, nos apresentamos o isolamento, purificação e a determinação da estrutura primária de três miotoxinas fosfolipase A2"like" do veneno de Bothrops pirajai, denominadas como PrTX-I,PrTX-IIe MP-III4R. PrTX-I ou Piratoxina I foi isolado por Mancuso et ai., (1995), e completamente seqüênciada por Toyama et ai., (1998). PrTX-Ié a principal PLA2 miotóxica encontrado no veneno total de Bothrops pirajai, composto por 121 resíduos de aminoácidos, uma DLso de cerca de 8mg/kg em camundongos e uma dose edematogênica mínima de 39.5 :t 1.8 Ilg. A modificação química da His 48 da PrTX-I pelo p-BPB praticamente aboliu sua atividade biológica. PrTX-II ou Piratoxina II foi a segunda miotoxina importante isolada do veneno de Bothrops pirajai que foi sequenciada por Toyama et aI., (1999, submetido). Tem 121 resíduos de aminoácido de baixa atividade PLA2 devido substituição do Asp49 por Lys49e alteração do "Ioop" de ligação do cálcio pela substituição de Gly32 por Leu32 e outras modificações foram importantes para a perda da flexibilidadedo sítio de ligação do cálcio. PrTX-II tem somente um único amino ácido modificado (D132 para A132) em relação a PrTX-I esta mudança confere a PrTX-II um ligeiro caráter básico. A MP-III 4R foi a terceira miotoxina isolada do veneno de Bothrops pirajai. Esta miotoxina PLA2 "Iike" tem uma atividade PLA2moderada se comparada com outras enzimas encontradas em venenos Crotálicos. MP-III4R é um raro exemplode PLA2 com atividade fosfolipase A2, anticoagulante e miotóxica. Sua atividade PLA2 moderada é devido a substituição do resíduo E53 pelo K53 e seu efeito anticoagulante é devido a atividade PLA2.Amiotoxicidade não é devido a sua atividade catalítica. O alinhamento de amino ácidos da PrTX-I,PrTX-II mostra um alto nível (95%) de homologia sequencial entre esta miotoxina e outras PLA2botropicas. Contudo, estes valores diminuem para 80% para as não botropicas e para 70-75% para as PLA2Asp49. Ambas toxinas foram caracterizadas como miotoxinas potentes e tem um atividade PLA2 residual. MP-III 4R mostra uma homologia seqüencial de mais de 50% com outras PLA2 D-49. Maso alinhamento de aminoácidos da MP-III4R com PLA2K-49diminui para cerca de 60% de homologia. PrTX-II e PrTX-III foram cristalizados e difratados usando uma resulução de 2.04 e 2.7 A. Recentemente, a estrutura tridimensional da PrTX-IIfoi resolvida e mostrou uma estrutura dimérica
Abstract: The genus Bothrops comprises severaI species, which are widely distributed in South and North America. Among the bioactive proteins from Bothrops venoms, the phospholipase A2(PLA2,E.C.3.1.14) and PLA2-likemyotoxin are outstanding as their major components. Phospholipase A2Sare calcium-dependent enzymes which hydrolyze the 2 ester bonds of 1,2 diacyl-3sn phosphoglycerides (Chang et aI., 1994, Shimohigachi et aI., 1995, Ogawa, et aI., 1996). They are found in most tissues, mainly in the pancreatic juice of mammals, venom of snakes and insects. PLA2enzymes are classified onto four groups (I, II, III and IV), according to their extracellular or intracellular origin, their primary structure and disulfide bonding (Denis et aI., 1994). In this thesis, we work with Bothrops pirajai whole venom and its myotoxic phospholipase A2fractions. At first time, we develop a new strategy of purification of this myotoxinon the HPLC(reverse phase, ion exchange, and molecular exclusion) and in the convention low-pressure chromatography (CM-Sepharose). In our experimental condition, we observed that Reverse Phase HPLC(RP HPLC) has advantageous on the conventional method about the time of chromatographic run, the resolution of some proteins and preservation of integrity of PLA2 molecule. The first work made by Toyama et aI., (1995) presents the results of the purification of the main myotoxin PLA2"Iike" (MPI and MPII) from the whole venom of Bothrops piraja.,using only chromatographicstep on the RPHPLC. This novel purification protocol restricts the amount of protein to be loaded on each column in few mg. The final yield is 35% better than to in low-pressure ion exchange chromatography. In the Soares et aI., (1998), we proposed to increase the purification grade of main PLA2 "like" myotoxin using conventional column, because the RP HPLC does not accept great amount of samples. In the conventional procedure, the elution of the PLA2 "like" myotoxin was eluted using ammonium acetate at high salt and pH values. The exchange of the ammonium acetate by ammonium bicarbonate allowed using low pH and ionic salt concentration. PrTX-II or Piratoxin II was a second important myotoxin from Bothrops pirajai that has been sequecianated by Toyama (Submitted). It has 121 amino acid residues and has low PLA2activity arose of the substitution of Asp49 by Lys49and alteration of the calcium binding loop sequence by replacement of Gly32 by Leu32 and other modification were important for 1055of the flexibility the calcium ion binding site. PrTX-II I have only one amino acid change (0132 to A132) to PrTX-I, this change confer to PrTX-II a slight basic character. The MP-III 4R was thirty myotoxin isolated from the Bothrops pirajai venom. This PLA2 like myotoxinhasa moderate PLA2activity if comparedto other enzymesfound in the Crotalic venom. MP-III 4R is a rare example of PLA2 with phospholipase A2, anticoagulant and myotoxic activities. Its moderate PLA2activity is due to the replacement of E53 by K53 and its anticoagulant effects is due to that PLA2activity. The myotoxicity is not due to the catalytic activity. The aminoacid alignment of PrTX-I, PrTX-II shows a high levei(95%) of sequential homology between this myotoxin and other bothropic Lys-49 PLA2. However, these values fali to 80% for nonbothropic and to 70-75% for the Asp 49 PLA2S. 80th toxins were characterized as very potent myotoxin and have a residual PLA2 activity. MP-III 4R 049 exhibit a sequence homology with other 0-49 PLA2up 75%. But the amino acid alignment of MP-III 4R with K-49 PLA2falls to around 60% of homology. PrTX-II and PrTX-III were crystallizedand were diffractedat resolution of 2.04 and 2.7 of resolution, respectively. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of PrTX-II was solved and showed a dimeric structure. Other venoms from Bothropsjararacussu, Bothrops asper, Bothrops atrox, Bothrops pirajai, Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops alternatus and Bothrops (Bothriopsis) bilineata were fractionated using a simplified procedure based on ion-exchange chromatography on CMSepharose at pH 8.0 or reverse phase HPLC. The use of NH4HCO3or acetonitrile as the buffer in these chromatographic procedure described above, has other advantages as omissionof desalting and easy for freeze-drying. This allows a best recoveryof the proteins eluted and reduction of run time. The CM-Sepharose and the RP-HPLC methods described here are recommended for preparative and analytical purpose, respectively. Previous reported methods use two or more chromatographic steps for the isolation of myotoxins. In addition, the preparative WBondapackC18 column was also useful for the purificationof PLA2S. Both methods described here allow separating the major components of the venom using an only one chromatographic step. The resulting elution profiles showed important differences in the myotoxin content of these venoms. The venoms from B. alternatus, B. atrox and Bothriopsis bilineata did not contain the major myotoxin found in the other venoms. The amino acid sequence of the first 50 residues of the N-terminal region of the PLA2-like myotoxins showed a homology of 90-96% with other botropic myotoxins. All of the myotoxins isolated induced rat paw edema, increased the levei of plasma creatine kinase and produced myonecrosis together with polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. In this thesis, we present the isolation; purification and determination of primary structure of three phospholipase A2"like" myotoxin from the Bothrops pirajai snake venom denominated as PrTX-I, PrTX-II and MP-III 4R. PrTX-I or Piratoxin I was firstly isolated by Mancuso et aI., (1995), and full sequenced by Toyama et aI., (1998). PrTX-Iis the main miotoxic PLA2found in the whole Bothrops pirajai venom, composed by 121 amino acid residues, a DLso around 8mg/kg in mice and a minimal edematogenic dose of 39.5 :t 1.8 /.lg. The chemical modification of His-48 of PrTX-I by p-BPB practically destroyed its biological activity
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Orientador: Jose Camillo Novello
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T10:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_DulcineiaAparecida_M.pdf: 6490147 bytes, checksum: 1944efedfaa4d4911af346759c02f352 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: Venenos de serpentes contêm uma ampla variedade de enzimas. As proteases purificadas de veneno são geralmente dassificadas por sua estrutura em: serinoproteases e metaloproteases, e apresentam potente efeito na ativação ou inibição da coagulação sangüínea, agindo na hemostasia, trombose, fibrinólise e agregação plaquetária. A presente dissertação teve por objetivo purificar e caracterizar a serinoprotease Uruprot do veneno de Bothrops altematus, uma serpente da família Viperidae. Uruprot foi purificada em dois passos cromatográficos: Sephadex G75 e DEAE 5PW, em sistema HPLC. A homogeneidade de Uruprot foi monitorada em gel SDS-PAGE e em coluna de fase reversa C18. O gel de eletroforese em condições desnaturantes evidenciou uma banda com massa molecular aparente de 32 kDa na presença de 0,1 M de DTT, sugerindo que esta é formada por uma única cadeia polipeptídica. A eletroforese de duas dimensões de Uruprot demonstrou ser seu ponto isoelétrico em torno de 4,6, confirmando massa molecular observada em SDS-PAGE. A análise da composição de aminoácidos de Uruprot apresentou alta concentração dos aminoácidos glicina, treonina, fenilalanina, isoleucina, serina e glutamina e baixos níveis de aminoácidos básicos como histidina e arginina, ratificando o resultado da 2D caracterizando um pl ácido. Uruprot teve reação positiva quando submetida à coloração para carboidrato, sugerindo a existência de carboidratos ligados covalentemente à sua estrutura. O estudo da homologia seqüencial da região N-terminal da seqüência consenso (WGGDECNINEHR-LVAI) indicou alto grau de homologia com as serinoproteinases: TVSPA (94%), KLE 11 (94%) e Ancrod (92%) entre outras. Uruprot não induziu a agregação em plaquetas lavadas, mas inibiu a indução da aglutinação de eritrócitos na presença de Ristocetina na concentração mínima de 1 O ~g/mL. O conjunto de resultados obtidos com Uruprot monstram fortes indícios de que essa pode desempenhar a função de ativadora do plasminogênio, entretanto o papel da atividade "in vivo" das serinoproteases de venenos em envenenamentos patológicos é pouco conhecido. Estudos adicionais são necessários para a obtenção de maiores informações sobre esse grupo de enzimas
Abstract: Snake venoms contain a high variety of toxic compounds and enzymes. Venom purified proteases are structurally dassified as serine proteases and metalloproteases, and showa potent effect on blood coagulation, acting on hemostasis, thrombosis, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. The aim of this work was the purification and characterization of a serine protease from the venom of Bothrops altematus snake, called Uruprot. Uruprot was purified in a two step chromatography: Sephadex G-75 and DEAE 5PW both in HPLC system. Its homogenity was monitored in SDS-PAGE and reversedphase C18 chromatography. In denaturing conditions, 0,1 M DTT, a band of 32 kDa apparent molecular mass was evidenced, suggesting that the protein consists in one polypeptidic chain. The two dimensional electrophoresis of Uruprot showed its isoelectric point at about 4,6, confirming the apparent molecular mass observed in SDS-PAGE. Uruprot's amino acid analysis composition showed a high concentration of glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, serine and glutamine and low levels of basic amino aCids, as histidine and arginine, ratifying the result obtained from bidimensional electrophoresis wich showed an acid pl. Uruprot showed a positive reaction when submitted to carbohydrate coloration indicating the presence of carbohydrate covalentely bound to its structure. The N-terminal sequence homology study showed a consensus sequence (WGGDECNINEHR-LVAI) and indicated a high homology with serine proteinase TSV-PA (94%), KLE 11 (94%), Ancrod (92%), and others. Uruprot did not induce platelet aggregation but inhibits erytrocytes agglutination in the presence of ristocetin, in a minimum concentration of 10llg/mL. Ali the results obtained indicates that Uruprot is a serine protease plasminogen activator, however, the role of "in vivo" activity of venom serine proteases in envenomation remains unclear. Additional studies are necessary to provide more information about this enzyme grou
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T12:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 450441.pdf: 1415760 bytes, checksum: 8ec6f2d710c905d58f9d1f8f90e5ba0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-22
This Masters' Thesis aims to present some aspects of Christology from the writings of Teresa Verzeri. I tried to read several of Verzeri's texts, as well as works by others who wrote about her. Teresa Verzeri has not elaborated on a Christology, as it is understood today, but in several of her writings there are christological elements that surface in the light of Christology developed by recent theologians, so that we can value the importance of her legacy. In order to further verify this, I read the works of several authors such as Jon Sobrino, Bruno Forte, Vera Ivanise Bombonato, Victor Codina, Maria Clara Bingemer, among others. After reading these works, I sought to establish a dialogue between them and Verzeri's thought. The work addressed also content related to the historical context in which Teresa Verzeri lived, as well as gospel themes, such as mercy an compassion, God's predilection for the needy and the outcast, the relationship of Jesus with the Father, Jesus follow-up, the paschal mystery, among others. The last part of the work aims to verify if the Institute founded by Verzeri continues today through its sisters, the Daughters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, the charisma started off by her. I hope that this work, besides offering an in-depth study of some contents of Christology, will show the importance of Verzeri's proposal for an authentic praxis for today.
A presente disserta??o visa apresentar alguns aspectos da Cristologia a partir dos escritos de Teresa Verzeri. Procurou-se para isso ler v?rios de seus textos, bem como de outras pessoas que escreveram a seu respeito. Teresa Verzeri n?o tem uma Cristologia elaborada como se entende nos dias atuais, mas em v?rios de seus escritos aparecem elementos cristol?gicos que ? luz da Cristologia trabalhada por te?logos recentes, se pode verificar a import?ncia do legado deixado por ela. Para melhor verificar isso foram lidas obras de v?rios autores como: Jon Sobrino, Bruno Forte, Vera Ivanise Bombonato, Victor Codina, Maria Clara Bingemer, entre outros. Com a leitura destas obras procurou-se estabelecer um di?logo entre elas e o pensamento de Verzeri. Foram abordados conte?dos relacionados ao contexto hist?rico no qual viveu Teresa Verzeri, al?m disso, procurou-se delinear temas do evangelho que aparecem tamb?m em Verzeri como a miseric?rdia e a compaix?o, a predile??o de Deus pelos necessitados e exclu?dos, o relacionamento de Jesus com o Pai, o seguimento de Jesus, o mist?rio pascal, entre outros. A ?ltima parte da obra procura verificar se o Instituto fundado por Verzeri continua hoje atrav?s de suas Irm?s, as Filhas do Sagrado Cora??o de Jesus, o carisma por ela iniciado. Espera-se com esse trabalho, al?m de aprofundar alguns conte?dos da Cristologia, verificar qual a import?ncia para uma pr?xis aut?ntica, da proposta de Verzeri para os dias atuais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fuga_a_me_rcla.pdf: 2390469 bytes, checksum: a4e348b424b2015f51a6bf371adeb139 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Virtualmente todos os processos biológicos são influenciados pela temperatura. Desta forma, os animais, em geral, investem tempo e energia para regular a temperatura corpórea (Tc) ao passo que os animais ectotérmicos, em particular, têm sua biologia fortemente moldada pela termorregulação comportamental. No caso das serpentes o desempenho em cada atividade em particular pode ser otimizado ou prejudicado em diferentes temperaturas. Como consequência, serpentes podem alterar a temperatura corpórea selecionada com base no tipo de atividade que está sendo exercida no momento e de acordo com a disponibilidade térmica do ambiente. Um exemplo bem conhecido é a seleção de micro-habitats com temperatura mais elevada levando a um aumento significativo da Tc após a ingestão do alimento, comportamento referido como “resposta termofílica pós-prandial”. Este aumento da Tc sabidamente acelera a digestão e, possivelmente, traz beneficios no orçamento de tempo e energia das serpentes. No entanto, a busca de sitios térmicos mais propícios deve acarretar em custos e riscos, especialmente em serpentes recentemente alimentadas que tem a capacidade de locomoção reduzida e, portanto, poderia torná-las mais vulneráveis à predação. Como as serpentes solucionam este conflito entre os benefícios providos por um aumento da Tc durante a digestão do alimento e os riscos envolvidos com a termorregulação é, atualmente, ignorado. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi documentar a resposta termofílica pós-prandial da cascavel, Crotalus durissus terrificus, em condições de laboratório, disponibilizando ou não abrigos (tocas) em um gradiente térmico. Nossos resultados permitem concluir que C. d. terrificus apresenta um ciclo circadiano de variação da Tc, com temperaturas mais altas registradas no final da tarde e início da noite...
Virtually all biological processes are influenced by temperature. Thus, animals generally invest time and energy to regulate body temperature (Tc) while ectotherms, in particular, have their biology strongly shaped by behavioral thermoregulation. In snakes, performance in each particular activity can be enhanced or impaired at different temperatures. Consequently, snakes can alter body temperature selected based on the type of activity being carried out at the time and according to the availability of the thermal environment. A well-known example is the selection of micro-habitats with higher temperature leads to a significant increase in Tc after ingestion of food, behavior referred to as “post-prandial thermophilic response. This increase of Tc accelerates digestion and possibly brings benefits in the budget of time and energy of snakes. However, the search for thermal sites should result in more favorable costs and risks, especially recently fed into serpents which is capable of locomotion reduced and therefore could make them more vulnerable to predators. As snakes resolve this conflict between the benefits provided by an increase in Tc during the digestion of food and the risks involved with thermoregulation is currently ignored. Thus, the objective of this study was to document the post-prandial thermophilic response of rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, under laboratory conditions, offering or not shelters (burrows) in a thermal gradient. Our results suggest that C. d. terrificus has a circadian variation of Tc with higher temperatures recorded in the late afternoon and early evening. The feed caused an increase in mean body temperature of C. d. terrificus and this increase was primarily due to an increase in minimum temperatures in the early days of digestion. With the availability of shelters, the thermoregulatory behavior... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)