Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cow diet

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cow diet'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cow diet"

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Burrow, Keegan, Wayne Young, Michelle McConnell, Alan Carne, David Barr, Malcolm Reid, and Alaa El-Din Bekhit. "The Effect of Sheep and Cow Milk Supplementation of a Low Calcium Diet on the Distribution of Macro and Trace Minerals in the Organs of Weanling Rats." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030594.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of either sheep or cow milk supplementation to a low calcium and phosphorus diet on growth and organ mineral distribution in weanling rats. Rats were fed diets consisting of either a control chow, a 50% reduced calcium and phosphorous chow (low Ca/P), low Ca/P and sheep milk, or low Ca/P and cow milk diet for 28 days. Food intake of the rats, the growth rate of the rats, and the concentrations of minerals in the soft organs and serum were determined. Rats fed the low Ca/P diet alone had lower weight gain than rats consuming either of the milk-supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Both sheep milk and cow milk supplementation overcame the effects of consuming a diet restricted in calcium and phosphorus but the sheep milk was effective at a significantly lower level of milk intake (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in essential and trace mineral concentrations due to milk type were observed in the kidney, spleen, and liver. For non-essential minerals, significant differences (p < 0.05), related to diet, were observed in all organs for arsenic, cesium, rubidium, and strontium concentrations.
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Vlaming, J. B., N. Lopez-Villalobos, I. M. Brookes, S. O. Hoskin, and H. Clark. "Within- and between-animal variance in methane emissions in non-lactating dairy cows." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (2008): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07278.

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Several studies on methane (CH4) emissions have focussed on selecting high and low CH4-emitting animals. One challenge faced by this work is the lack of consistency, or repeatability, in animal rankings over time. Repeatability for individual animals over time needs to be high to reliably detect high and low CH4-emitting animals. A possible explanation for the lack of repeatability is a relatively high within-animal variation in daily CH4 emissions, meaning that animals could then change their ranking when compared at different points in time. An experiment was undertaken with four non-lactating dairy cattle to assess the within- and between-animal variation in CH4 emissions over time when measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. Two contrasting diets were fed to the cattle at maintenance energy levels: lucerne silage (diet 1) and a cereal + lucerne + straw mixed ration diet (diet 2). Daily CH4 measurements were undertaken for 23 days on diet 1 and 30 days on diet 2. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference between diet 1 and diet 2 in daily CH4 production, with mean (±s.e.) production of 124.3 (11.1) g CH4/day from diet 1 and 169.8 (±11.0) g CH4/day from diet 2. Lower CH4 yield (g CH4/kg dry matter intake) was recorded on diet 1 (22.8 ± 2.0) than diet 2 (32.0 ± 2.0). Cows differed significantly (P < 0.05) from one another in daily CH4 yield (diet 1: cow 1 = 19.4 ± 0.6, cow 2 = 22.2 ± 0.8, cow 3 = 23.2 ± 0.7, cow 4 = 25.4 ± 0.6; diet 2: cow 1 = 26.0 ± 0.7, cow 2 = 36.4 ± 0.7, cow 3 = 29.3 ± 0.7, cow 4 = 36.6 ± 0.7). Variances for daily CH4 yield were smaller for diet 1 (within animal = 6.91, between animals = 6.23) than for diet 2 (within animal = 10.09, between animals = 27.79). Estimates of repeatability (variation between animals/total variation) for daily CH4 yield were 47 and 73% in diet 1 and 2, respectively. Coefficients of variation in average daily CH4 emissions in this experiment ranged from 8 to 18% despite the fact that each animal received the same quantity and quality of feed each day. While further research is required, the high within-animal variability in CH4 emissions measured using the SF6 tracer technique may explain why there has been difficulty in obtaining consistent rankings in CH4 yields when animals are measured on multiple occasions. The results also suggest that the SF6 tracer technique may exaggerate apparent between animal differences in CH4 emissions.
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Lawson, R. E., and J. M. Forbes. "Choice feeding of mid lactation dairy cows offered different levels of undegraded protein concentrate." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034127.

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Tolkamp et al. (1996) reported that dairy cows were able to choose between complete foods with different MP:ME ratios, and it was concluded that the selection the cows made was not random. Diet selection may remove nutritional constraints on milk production if the cow can choose the appropriate protein level to attain the milk yield determined by her genotype. At a specific DUP content the diet of an individual cow will be correctly balanced. When the cow is offered two foods, one in excess of predicted requirements for DUP, the other deficient in DUP for the predicted level of production, then the cow has the opportunity to select a diet which exactly meets her requirements for DUP. Most diet selection experiments have been completed under conditions of little or no competition; the aim of the experiment was to study the effects of offering lactating cows a choice between two protein concentrates under semi-commercial conditions.
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Alférez, M. José M., Inmaculada López Aliaga, Mercedes Barrionuevo, and Margarita S. Campos. "Effect of dietary inclusion of goat milk on the bioavailability of zinc and selenium in rats." Journal of Dairy Research 70, no. 2 (May 2003): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029903006058.

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The effects of dietary inclusion of freeze-dried goat and cow milk on the utilization of zinc and selenium, and on the metabolic fate of zinc, were studied in transected (control) and resected rats (resection of 50% of the distal small intestine). Intestinal resection reduced the apparent digestibility coefficient and zinc retention in the cow milk diet, whereas these biological indices were similar in transected (control) and resected rats with standard (without milk) and goat milk diets. The apparent digestibility coefficient and retention of selenium were not affected by intestinal resection in the animals fed with the three diets studied. In transected (control) and resected rats, the apparent digestibility coefficient and retention of zinc and selenium were higher for the goat milk diet than for the other two diets. Zinc deposits in the organs, expressed as μg/g dry weight were in order of decreasing concentrations: femur, testes, sternum, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, longissimus dorsi muscle and brain. Deposits were greatest with the goat milk diet, followed by the standard diet and were lowest for the rats given the cow milk diet, both for transected (control) and resected animals.We conclude that consumption of the goat milk diet produces a greater bioavailability of zinc and selenium and a greater deposit of zinc in key organs, for both the transected (control) and the resected rats, with respect to the standard diet and the cow milk diet.
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ALFÉREZ, M. J. M., M. BARRIONUEVO, I. LÓPEZ ALIAGA, M. R. SANZ-SAMPELAYO, F. LISBONA, J. C. ROBLES, and M. S. CAMPOS. "Digestive utilization of goat and cow milk fat in malabsorption syndrome." Journal of Dairy Research 68, no. 3 (August 2001): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029901004903.

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We studied the effects of goat and cow milk fat on the digestive utilization of this nutrient and on some of the biochemical parameters that are related to the metabolism of lipids, using rats with a resection of 50% of the distal small intestine and control animals (transected). The fat content in all the diets was 10% but the lipid quality was varied: the standard diet was based on olive oil, while the other two diets included fat obtained from lyophilized goat milk and cow milk, respectively. The digestive utilization of the fat was lower in the resected animals than in the transected ones for all three diets studied. In both resected and transected animals, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of the fat was greater with the standard diet (olive oil) than with diets whose fat content was provided by goat or cow milk. The digestive utilization of the fat was greater in the transected and resected rats receiving a diet of goat's milk (rich in medium-chain triglycerides) than those given a cow-milk-based diet, and more closely approached the values obtained for olive oil. The consumption of goat milk reduced levels of cholesterol while levels of triglycerides, HDL, GOT and GPT remained within the normal ranges, for both transected and resected animals. The advantageous effect of goat milk on the metabolism of lipids with respect to cow milk suggests that the former should be included in the diet in cases of malabsorption syndrome.
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Díaz-Castro, Javier, Luis J. Pérez-Sánchez, Mercedes Ramírez López-Frías, Inmaculada López-Aliaga, Teresa Nestares, María J. M. Alférez, M. Luisa Ojeda, and Margarita S. Campos. "Influence of cow or goat milk consumption on antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation during chronic iron repletion." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 1 (September 30, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511005204.

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Despite Fe deficiency and overload having been widely studied, no studies are available about the influence of milk consumption on antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation during the course of these highly prevalent cases. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of cow or goat milk-based diets, either with normal or Fe-overload, on antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation in the liver, brain and erythrocytes of control and anaemic rats after chronic Fe repletion. Weanling male rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group receiving a normal-Fe diet (45 mg/kg) and an anaemic group receiving a low-Fe diet (5 mg/kg) for 40 d. Control and anaemic rats were fed goat or cow milk-based diets, either with normal Fe or Fe-overload (450 mg/kg), for 30 or 50 d. Fe-deficiency anaemia did not have any effect on antioxidant enzymes or lipid peroxidation in the organs studied. During chronic Fe repletion, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the group of animals fed the cow milk diet compared with the group consuming goat milk. The slight modification of catalase and glutathione peroxidise activities in animals fed the cow milk-based diet reveals that these enzymes are unable to neutralise and scavenge the high generation of free radicals produced. The animals fed the cow milk diet showed higher rates of lipid peroxidation compared with those receiving the goat milk diet, which directly correlated with the increase in SOD activity. It was concluded that goat milk has positive effects on antioxidant defence, even in a situation of Fe overload, limiting lipid peroxidation.
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Denisova, S. N., M. Yu Belitskaya, T. B. Sentsova, V. A. Revyakina, O. O. Kirillova, and I. V. Vorozhko. "Preexposure prophylaxis of infants’ food allergy." Russian Journal of Allergy 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja620.

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Background. Till the present time the problem of food allergy remains to be the topical subject and demands further development of therapeutical and prevention programs, including diet therapy for nursing mothers. The work is aimed at clinical and immunological evaluating of diet therapy of mothers whose children have atopic dermatitis on the back of breast feeding only. Methods. There were 100 «mother and child» couples kept under observance, that were divided into two groups. All the children had atopic dermatitis (AD), associated to cow milk protein allergy. Nursing mothers from both the groups were treated by diet therapy according to which the cow milk in diet have been replaced either with goat milk of New Zealand origin (first group had 43 «mother and child» couples) or with nondairy products (second group had 57 «mother and child» couples). Effectiveness of diet therapy of nursing mothers has been evaluated by the dynamic of clinical and immunological symptoms of atopic dermatitis in 1-3 months from treatment beginning. Immunological effectiveness of the treatment has been evaluated by the dynamic of indexes of specific IgE and IgG antibodies to cow milk protein, β-lactoglobulin, casein, soy protein and goat milk protein and cytokines levels. Results. In the course of treatment, that included diet therapy of nursing mothers and antiallergic cure of infants, both the groups showed remission and saved breast feeding. Immunological evaluating of therapeutic intervention’s effectiveness revealed the improvement of total IgE, allergenspecific IgE and IgG antibodies to cow milk protein and its fractions, as well as to soy and goat milk protein in blood of all the children on the back of breast feeding. Moreover, complex therapy conduced decreasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration in blood. Conclusion. These findings prove reasonability of dietary treatement for nursing mothers, whose children have atopic dermatitis, associated associated to cow milk protein allergy.
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Phipps, R. H., R. Blowey, D. E. Beever, C. K. Reynolds, A. K. Jones, J. G. Perrott, and M. Witt. "Diet and hoof health: a comparison between high starch and high fibre diets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2000 (2000): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200001289.

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Lameness in the dairy cow not only causes major financial loss but also has serious welfare implications. Both environmental and nutritional factors have been implicated in its occurrence, which is commonly observed as laminitis, white line disease and sole ulcers, which are disorders of the corium. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of diet composition in the form of non-structural carbohydrates on hoof health.
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BOGDAN, Marius, Mihai BENŢEA, and Aurel ŞARA. "Economic Effects of Dairy Cow’s Diet Supplementation with Anionic Salts." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 75, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2018.0020.

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This research proves the economic effect of Calving Care performance in dairy cow feeding, on Holstein Friesian cows. Group M1 / 2014 of 10 cows in second lactation are the control group in which Calving Care was not administered, monitoring performances throughout the lactation of 2014. Group E / 2015 is the experimental group, where the same cows receivedCalving Care 300 g / cow / day, 21 days before calving. Dietary cation-anion difference was -15.28 mEq / 100 g dry matter. Group M2 / 2016 was the second control group, without Calving Care, productive performance in the following lactation was monitored.After calving, each cow has been monitored for Fat corrected milk (FCM) production per 305 days lactation and dry matter intake, ratio between these parameters being expressed asmilk production efficiency. Milk efficiency was 1.25 in Group M1/2014, 1.3 in Group E/2015 and 1.28 in Group M2/2016 respectively.
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Madubuike, F. N. "EFFECTS OF EARLY WEANING OF PIGS TO A DRY OR LIQUID MILK DIET ON SUBSEQUENT GROWTH AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v11i2.2540.

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Forty-five Yorkshire baby pigs from five litters (9 pigs from each litter and with mean body weight 1.9kg), at two days of age were randomly, within litter, left with the sow to 21 days of age (treatment 1), weaned to a 24% protein dry diet fed ad libitum (treatment 2), or to homogenized cow milk fed in restricted amounts four times daily to 21 days of age (treatment 3). From day 22, all pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal type diet containing 18% protein to 10 weeks of age, and a similar diet containing 16% protein from 10 weeks of age to slaughter at approximately 160 days. Average daily weight gain (ADG) and live body weight at slaughter were significantly lower, and feed/gain significantly higher among cow milk-fed pigs (treatment 3) than among pigs left with the sow until 3 weeks (treatment 1) and pigs weaned to dry diet (treatment 2). Backfat thickness, loin eye area, yield of lean cuts and dressing percent did not differ significantly among treatments. The results confirmed that weaning at two to three days to a dry diet fed ad libitum or to cow milk fed in restricted amounts four times daily is feasible, but overall performance from birth to slaughter of pigs weaned to a dry diet at two days of age was similar to that of pigs weaned at three weeks of age and superior to that of pigs weaned to cow milk at two days of age.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cow diet"

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Jones, Geoffrey Philip. "Dietary factors influencing responses by dairy cows to condition score at calving." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383720.

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Kassem, M. M.-E. "Feed intake and milk production in dairy cows with special reference to diets concerning grass and Lucerne silages with barley supplements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234860.

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Yang, Tzu-Hsuan. "Effects of diet on phosphorus digestion in dairy cattle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34581.

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Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet on phosphorus (P) digestion in dairy cattle. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the effects of forage and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content on total P (TP) and inositol phosphates-P (IPs-P) digestion. Samples of feed, duodenal digesta and feces from a previously conducted study were analyzed for TP and IPs-P. In this study, eight lactating Holstein cows were fed diets containing either 60 or 35% forage and either 30 or 40% NFC in a 2 × 2 factorial with replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Dietary TP content (% DM) was 0.35, 0.36, 0.36, 0.36 and dietary IPs-P content (%DM) was 0.08, 0.13, 0.06, 0.11 for diets with forage: NFC ratio 35:30, 35:40, 60:30, and 60:40, respectively. Increasing dietary forage content decreased IPs-P and TP intake, fecal TP excretion, and total tract IPs-P digestibility (72.4 vs. 61.4%). Fecal IPs-P excretion tended to decrease as increasing forage content. Duodenal IPs-P and TP flow and apparent TP digestibility were unaffected by forage content. Increasing dietary NFC content increased IPs-P and TP intake, duodenal IPs-P flow, fecal IPs-P excretion, total tract IPs-P digestibility (61.4 vs. 72.4%), and apparent TP digestibility (32.8 vs. 41.6%). Dietary forage and NFC content affected IPs-P and TP digestion. The second study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary beet pulp (BP) content to replace high moisture corn (HMC) on ruminal and post-ruminal digestion of TP and IPs-P. Eight lactating Holstein cows were fed diets containing 0, 6.1, 12.1 or 24.3% BP in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Samples of rumen contents, duodenal digesta, and feces from this previously conducted study were analyzed for TP and IPs-P content. Linear and quadratic effects of BP content were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Dietary TP and IPs-P content were reduced linearly with increasing BP (0.59, 0.58, 0.57, 0.56% TP and 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.11% IPs-P). Intake, ruminal content, and rumen pool size of TP decreased with increasing BP content. Digestion of TP and duodenal flow and fecal excretion of IPs-P and TP were not affected. With increasing dietary BP content, IPs-P intake was reduced, ruminal IPs-P pool size was reduced, and rumen turnover time (h) of IPs-P was increased. Apparent ruminal IPs-P digestibility (36.5, 31.8, 24.6, 13.6 %) and apparent total tract IPs-P digestibility (85.3, 82.7, 82.1, 79.1%) decreased linearly with increasing BP. Fecal excretion of IPs-P averaged 5.2 g/d. Replacing HMC with BP reduced digestion of IPs-P. The majority of IPs-P disappearance occurred post-ruminally. In conclusion, dietary BP, forage, and NFC content affected IPs-P digestion in dairy cows.
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Handley, Jonathan Murray. "Diet and foraging distribution of gentoo penguins pygoscelis papua at Cow Bay, Falkland Islands." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020377.

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Knowledge of diet and distribution in marine top predators is critical in interpreting their ecological role. Furthermore, this information is required for effective management and conservation of these species. For gentoo penguins at the Falkland Islands a previous overlap in dietary items with commercial fisheries was recognised. Despite this the at-sea distribution has been poorly studied and only at a few localities. Therefore, this thesis looks to broaden the knowledge of foraging ecology for gentoo penguins at another site in the archipelago, Cow Bay. The aim was firstly, through stomach content analysis, to determine if diet changed over a large temporal scale (2002/03/04 – 2011/12/13), and between the chick guard and crèche periods of chick rearing. Secondly, through GPS loggers, to assess distribution at sea during the incubation and chick guard periods (2012/13). Additionally, foraging ecology between genders was investigated. Gentoo penguins at Cow Bay foraged primarily on fish (66-99 percent) throughout the entire study period. The principle prey item by mass was Patagonotothen spp., considered previously as discard by fisheries but now an important commercial resource, for all periods (47-78 percent) except that of the 2012/13 crèche period (19 percent). During this period Sprattus fugensis made up the bulk of the diet (52 percent). Cephalopods, particularly Loligo gahi (1-24 percent), were also prominent in the diet and crustaceans contributed negligibly. The diet indicated that gentoo penguins are capable of both a benthic and pelagic feeding strategy which likely reflects changes in local prey abundance. Birds typically conducted foraging activities during daylight hours with greater trip duration, path length, maximum distance and area utilised during the incubation period than the guard. All trips were confined to the continental shelf and within the boundaries of a marine management zone, the Falkland Islands Interim Conservation Zone (FICZ). Males and females fed on the same size and composition of prey items. Trip duration, path length and maximum distance from the colony were not significantly different, although males foraged in a slightly larger area than females marginally to the north. As at-sea distribution was confined within the FICZ this management area provides protection to food resources of gentoo penguins breeding at Cow Bay. At this site, the population is increasing, likely associated with increased prey availability as evidenced by record catches of Patagonotothen spp. in recent years at the Falkland Islands. Continued long term monitoring of gentoo penguin diet and fishery yields to allow detection of possible competition in the future is recommended. As marine sentinels, on-going monitoring of gentoo penguin populations at the Falkland Islands is likely to provide early warning signs of reduced prey availability.
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Oliveira, Simone Gisele de. "Utilização de fontes de gordura em dietas com diferentes níveis de fibra para vacas em lactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-30122002-092145/.

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O aumento da densidade energética da dieta e proporção de ácidos graxos (AG) insaturados na gordura do leite são alguns dos benefícios associados à suplementação lipídica. Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de fontes de gordura insaturada em dietas com diferentes níveis de fibra sobre a fermentação ruminal, concentração de AGL no sangue e produção e composição do leite. Foram utilizadas 5 vacas da raça Holandesa canuladas no rúmen e duodeno proximal, com média de 101 dias em lactação, produzindo cerca de 22,6 kg/d em um delineamento em Quadrado Latino 5 X 5. As fontes de gordura utilizadas foram a semente de linhaça e óleo de soja, sendo as dietas à base de silagem de milho. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 1 - 40% de concentrado sem semente de linhaça, 2 - 60% de concentrado sem semente de linhaça, 3 - 40% de concentrado com semente de linhaça, 4 - 60% de concentrado com semente de linhaça e 5 - 60% de concentrado com óleo de soja. O pH ruminal foi reduzido e a concentração molar de propionato e butirato aumentaram em função da maior inclusão de grãos à dieta. Houve redução nas concentrações molares de acetato e butirato decorrente da adição de semente de linhaça à dieta. A maior concentração de N-NH3 ruminal foi encontrada para o tratamento com menor nível de fibra na dieta com adição de semente de linhaça. A concentração de AGL no sangue foi maior em dietas com alto nível de fibra. A produção de leite não foi afetada pelos tratamentos (P<0,05), havendo uma tendência de queda (P<0,20) no teor de gordura de leite e uma redução (P<0,05) no teor de proteína quando os animais receberam a dieta contendo óleo de soja. O fornecimento de semente de linhaça nos diferentes níveis de inclusão de concentrado à dieta não apresentou benefícios na produção e composição do leite, havendo um efeito negativo da adição de óleo de soja em relação ao teor de proteína e gordura do leite.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental polyunsaturated fatty acids for lactating cows fed differents fiber levels. Five lactating Holstein cows cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum, averaging 101 days in milk, were used in a 5 x 5 latin square design to evaluated milk yield and composition, rumen fermentation and non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in the blood. Cows were fed corn silage as forage source and fat sources used were linseed and soybean oil. The treatments were: T1 - 40% concentrate without linseed, T2 - 60% concentrate without linseed, T3 - 40% concentrate with linseed, T4 - 60% concentrate with linseed and T5 - 60 % concentrate whit soybeans oil. Milk production was not affected (P>0,05) by treatments. There was a tendency for reduction of fat content and a significant decrease in milk protein content (P<0,05) for cows fed diets with soybean oil. NEFA and ruminal pH decrease and propionate, butirate e N-NH3 concentration increased in diets with higher concentrates levels. Ruminal acetate e butirate concentration decrease in linseed supplemented diet. Feeding linseed did not improve milk production or composition and soybean oil had a negative impact in fat and protein milk content.
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Dong, Lifeng. "Effects of cow genetic merit, genotype and diet forage proportion on energetic efficiency and enteric methane emissions in lactating dairy cows." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.674961.

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Four desktop studies were conducted to investigate the effects of animal and dietary factors on metabolisable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance (MElli)' efficiency of utilisation of ME for lactation (kl), and enteric methane (CH4) emission rates in lactating dairy cows at the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough. The data used in these studies involved nearly 1000 observations of Holstein-Friesian (HF), Norwegian and HF crossbred with Jersey or Norwegian (Fl hybrid) dairy cows, and were collated from 32 respiration calorimeter experiments between 1992 and 2010. Study 1, 3, and 4 evaluated the effect of animal factors and dietary forage proportion on energy metabolism. Study 2 focused on the examination of cow genetic merit influencing the enteric CH4 emission rates. In Study 1, 670 observations of lactating HF dairy cows with various genetic merit indexes were collated. Cow genetic merit in the United Kingdom (UK) is described using two economic indexes, Profit Index (PIN) and Profitable Lifetime Index (PLI). The PIN is based solely on milk production (n = 736, -£30 to +£63), PLI includes milk production and a number of other functional traits including health, fertility and longevity (n = 548, -£131 to +£184). The MEm for individual cows was calculated from heat production (HP) minus energy losses from inefficiencies of ME use for lactation, energy retention and pregnancy, and the kl was obtained from milk energy output (EI) adjusted to zero energy balance (EI(o») divided by ME available for production. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear mixed regression technique were used to examine the effects of cow genetic merit on the MEm and the lq, As there was no significant relationship between cow genetic merit and calculated values of MEm (MJ per kg metabolic body weight, MJ/kgo.7S) or kl using the whole PIN and PLI data set, further analysis was conducted by dividing each dataset of PIN « £3, £3 to £15 and> £15) and PLI « £23, £23 to £67 and> £67) into three sub-groups categorising as low, medium and high genetic groups. Linear relationships between cow genetic merit and energetic parameters were developed to evaluate if there was any significant difference among the coefficients or constants when a common constant or coefficient was used. No significant relationship was found between ME intake (MJ/kgo.7s) and MEm (MJ/kgo.7s), EI(o) (MJ/kgo.7s) or HP (MJ/kgo. 7S) within PIN or PLI sub-groups. These results indicated that cow genetic merit may have no effects on maintenance metabolic rate or energetic efficiency for lactation and high yielding HF cows need more nutrient supply to maximise the production potential. The following study (Study 2) was conducted to investigate the effect of cow genetic merit on the enteric CH4 emissions rates using the same dataset as used in Study 1. The animals had a large range of days in milk (18 to 354), energy corrected milk yields (16.0 to 45.6 kg/d), and CH4 emissions (138 to 598 g/d). The data were analysed using the same programmes as used in Study 1 (AN OVA and regression technique) with the effects of a number of animal and diet factors removed. Within the PIN and PLI datasets there were no significant difference among the three sub-groups in terms of CH4 emission per kg feed intake, energy corrected milk yield, or CH4 energy (CH4-E) output as a proportion of energy intake (P > 0.05). Linear mixed regression using the whole PIN and PLI datasets also demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between either PIN or PLI, and CH4 emission per kg of feed intake or CH4-E output as a proportion of energy intake (P > 0.05). These results indicate that cow genetic merit has little effect on enteric CH4 emissions as a proportion of feed intake. Enteric CH4 production may mainly relate to total feed intake and dietary nutrient composition. effects of a number of animal and diet factors removed. Within the PIN and PLI datasets there were no significant difference among the three sub-groups in terms of CH4 emission per kg feed intake, energy corrected milk yield, or CH4 energy (CH4-E) output as a proportion of energy intake (P > 0.05). Linear mixed regression using the whole PIN and PLI datasets also demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between either PIN or PLI, and CH4 emission per kg of feed intake or CH4-E output as a proportion of energy intake (P > 0.05). These results indicate that cow genetic merit has little effect on enteric CH4 emissions as a proportion of feed intake. Enteric CH4 production may mainly relate to total feed intake and dietary nutrient composition.
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Springer, Hayley Ruth. "Effect of pre-calving diet energy content on immunologic and metabolic parameters in the transition dairy cow." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Gaafar, Khalid. "Effect of fat in comparison to starch in an isoenergetic diet on the metabolism of high yielding dairy cows." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-33740.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate, firstly, whether the substitution of dietary starch by rumen-protected fat results in visible changes in the protein metabolism by increasing the urea flux and decreasing of AA levels in blood plasma as indicators for a change of AA oxidation, secondly, whether the fat-fed cows use predominantly long chain FA in the processes of milk fat synthesis or as an energy source in oxidation processes, and thirdly, whether the ratio of glucogenic to lipogenic nutrients could affect the supply of glucose in the metabolism of dairy cows. Two experiments were conducted. In either experiments, about 1.8 kg of starch in the ration of the control group were substituted by about 0.7 kg fat as protected fat (Ca salts of palm, soybean and sunflower oils in addition to protected soybeans) in the ration of the fat group. The first experiment was carried out on 32 multiparous high yielding dairy cows (16 Holstein-Friesian cows in each group) during the first 100 d of lactation. The second experiment was carried out in four periods in a cross-over design. Two cows were used in each period during the 6th to the 10th lactation weeks. The cows were infused intravenously with D-[U-13C6]-Glucose. The substitution of starch by protected fat tended to increase the milk production and milk lactose output and to decrease the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and plasma glucose level. Also, the levels of ß-HBA and NEFA in plasma, the milk urea content and the total urea-flux were increased (P<0.05). Milk protein content but not yield and plasma levels of insulin, Met, Ser and His decreased (P<0.05) but the branched chain amino acids in plasma increased (P<0.05). The oxidation rate of FA was lower in comparison to other sub`strates. In the second experiment, the enrichment of milk fat and blood CO2 by 13C decreased but the recovery of 13C in milk lactose increased (P<0.065) due to high fat intake. The results indicate that the substitution of starch by protected fat can save glucose in the intermediary metabolism for lactose synthesis in the mammary gland and the cows used fatty acids predominantly for milk fat synthesis and not for oxidation.
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Gama, Marco Antônio Sundfeld da. "Desempenho, composição do leite e mecanismos envolvidos na depressão da gordura do leite (DGL) de vacas recebendo ácido linoléicos conjugados (CLA) e óleo de peixe na dieta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17112004-164012/.

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A manipulação da dieta constitui uma prática efetiva e rápida de alteração da composição do leite, especialmente do seu teor de gordura. Entretanto, os mecanismos envolvidos não são ainda completamente conhecidos, embora muito se tenha avançado na última década. Sabe-se hoje que certo tipo de ácido graxo (CLA trans-10 cis-12) formado no rúmen sob condições específicas de alimentação é capaz de inibir a síntese de gordura do leite. Entretanto, depressão da gordura do leite (DGL) tem sido observada em casos (e.g. dietas contendo óleo de peixe) onde não há formação deste inibidor. Embora o efeito do CLA sobre a secreção de gordura do leite já esteja bem caracterizado, estudo prévio conduzido pelo nosso grupo mostrou ainda um aumento do teor de proteína do leite em resposta a este tratamento. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos principais, respectivamente: 1) determinar se um maior suprimento de proteína através da dieta afeta a secreção de proteína do leite de vacas recebendo CLA e 2) Estudar os mecanismos envolvidos na DGL de vacas recebendo dietas contendo óleo de peixe (OP) e níveis distintos de fibra. No primeiro experimento, 48 vacas em lactação receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) Dieta controle (DC) + Lac100, 2) DC + CLA, 3) Dieta com alta proteína (DAP) + Lac100 e 4) DAP + CLA. O Lac100 (sais de cálcio de óleo de soja) foi utilizado como placebo. O CLA foi protegido por encapsulação e o produto utilizado continha ~16% de CLA. No segundo experimento, 12 vacas em lactação foram avaliadas em 3 períodos: a) Basal: os animais receberam uma dieta com alto teor de fibra sem OP (dieta basal) por 12 dias; b) Suplementação: 4 vacas/grupo receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) Dieta com alta fibra + OP (AF+OP), 2) Dieta com baixa fibra sem OP (BF) e 3) Dieta com baixa fibra + OP (BF+OP); c) Pós-suplementação: todos os animais passaram a receber novamente a dieta basal por 12 dias. Os resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento mostraram que o CLA não foi eficientemente protegido, de forma que a redução da secreção de gordura do leite foi de pequena magnitude em relação a outros trabalhos. Da mesma forma, a proteção dos sais de cálcio de óleo de soja foi pequena, resultando em maior concentração de CLA cis-9 trans-11 (P<0,05) e menor concentração de ácido linoléico (P<0,05) no leite dos animais. Apesar da concentração do CLA trans-10 cis-12 no leite ter aumentado igualmente em resposta ao CLA e ao Lac100, o teor de gordura do leite foi menor (P<0,05) no primeiro tratamento, sugerindo a presença de outros inibidores (ou precursores) no produto utilizado. A concentração de CLA trans-10 cis-12 no leite explicou ~50% da variação da DGL, sugerindo que outros fatores afetaram a síntese de gordura do leite. Os resultados do segundo experimento demostraram, de forma inédita, que o CLA trans-9 cis-11 e o C18:1 cis-11 estão estreitamente relacionados à DGL dos animais que receberam OP. A DGL foi causada por uma ampla redução (P<0,01) da secreção tanto dos ácidos graxos sintetizados de novo quanto dos pré-formados, sugerindo que o mecanismo da DGL pode envolver a inibição de diferentes enzimas lipogênicas. O menor (P<0,01) índice de atividade da enzima ∆-9 dessaturase em animais que receberam OP é consistente com a idéia acima. Diferentemente do observado em resposta ao OP, a secreção de gordura do leite não foi afetada pelo tratamento BF (P>0,1). Os teores de proteína e lactose aumentaram na dieta BF e nas dietas contendo OP, respectivamente.
Diet manipulation is an effective and rapid way to change milk composition, mainly for fat content. However, mechanisms are not fully undestood in despite of progress in the area over the last decade. Nowadays, it is known that a molecule of fatty acid (CLA trans-10 cis-12) which is formed in the rumen under specific feeding situations is capable of inhibiting milk fat synthesis. However, milk fat depression (MFD) has been observed even at conditions where there is no formation of trans-10 cis12 CLA (e.g. fish oil-supplemented diets). Although CLA effects on milk fat synthesis are well-established, previous study from our group also showed an increase on milk protein content in cows fed CLA. Two trials were conducted with two main objectives: 1) to determine if an additional supply of diet protein affects milk fat synthesis in cows fed CLA and 2) to study the mechanisms involved in MFD of cows fed diets with fish oil (FO) and different fiber levels. In the first trial, 48 lactating cows received the treatments as follow: 1) Control Diet (CD) + Lac100, 2) CD + CLA, 3) High Protein Diet (HPD) + Lac100 and 4) HPD + CLA. The Lac100 (calcium salts of soybean oil) was used as a placebo. CLA was protected by encapsulation (prills) and the product contained 16% CLA. In the second trial, 12 lactating dairy cows were evaluated in three periods: a) Basal: for 12 days, all cows received a baseline diet (High fiber without FO); b) Suplementation: 4 cows/group received the treatments for 21 days: 1) High fiber diet + FO (HF+FO); 2) Low fiber diet without FO (LF) and 3) Low fiber diet + FO (LF+FO); c) Post-supplementation: cows returned to baseline diet on 12 days. Results from the first trial showed that CLA protection method was innefficient. Thus, milk fat reduction was smaller than in other studies. Protection of calcium salts of soybean oil was also small which resulted in higher cis-9 trans-11 CLA and lower linoleic acid concentrations (P<0.05) in milk from cows fed Lac100. In despite of similar milk trans-10 cis-12 CLA increase in response to CLA and Lac100, milk fat content was lower (P<0.05) in cows fed CLA. It suggests the presence of other fat inhibitors (or precursors) in the product containing CLA isomers. Moreover, concentration of milk trans-10 cis-12 CLA explained ~50% of MFD suggesting others factors influencing milk fat synthesis. Results of the second trial were inedit in showing the close association of milk trans-9 cis-11 CLA and C18:1cis-11 concentrations and FO-induced MFD. MFD resulted from a lower (P<0,01) secretion of both de novo and preformed milk fatty acids. It suggests that mechanisms of FO-induced MFD must involve the inhibition of different lipogenic enzymes. The lower (P<0.01) dessaturase activity index in cows fed FO is consistent with this hypothesis. In contrast to FO, milk fat secretion was unchanged (P>0.1) by LF diet which is consistent with low CLA trans-10 cis-12 and C18:1trans-10 concentrations in milk from cows fed this diet. Contents of milk protein and milk lactose increased (P<0.05) in cows fed LF and FO diets, respectivelly.
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Khazanehei, Hamidreza. "Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31005.

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Effects of a short 40-d dry period with only a close-up diet (SHORT) and a conventional 60-d dry period with a 39-d far-off and a 21-d close-up diet (CONV) on milk production, feed intake, blood and rumen parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiota profile were compared in 11 second-parity and 15 third and later parity cows. Milk production was recorded daily during the first 16 wks of lactation. Differential liver gene expression was assessed by affymetrix microarray analysis and DNA extracted from rumen samples was subjected to Illumina sequencing for exploring the microbiome profile. The SHORT treatment reduced milk yield and DMI after calving in third and later parity cows, but not in second-parity cows when compared to the CONV treatment. Cows on the SHORT treatment had higher concentrations of NEFA in blood plasma and tended to have higher liver TAG immediately after calving. These effects tended to be greater in third- and later parity cows compared to second-parity cows. Expression patterns of genes involved in β-oxidation at the first week of lactation compared to those at three weeks before calving showed lower hepatic β-oxidation capacity in cows on the SHORT treatment compared to those on the CONV treatment. During this period, the expression of DGAT, a key gene in the triglyceride synthesis, increased in SHORT-treatment cows while it remained unchanged in CONV-treatment cows. The expression patterns of genes involved in gluconeogenesis showed a higher capacity at first week after calving in cows on the SHORT compared to those on the CONV treatment. Our study also showed that the SHORT treatment increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes compared to the CONV treatment and reduced the shifting of rumen microbiota from before to after calving. Results also demonstrated that the rumen microbiota was more stable in the SHORT treatment during the transition period. Based on these results, a 40-d dry period management with only a close-up diet might be beneficial for second parity cows. However, this treatment may be detrimental for older cows as excessive energy intake and fat deposition during the dry period in these animals result in lower milk production and higher mobilization of NEFA and accumulation of fat in the liver.
February 2016
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Books on the topic "Cow diet"

1

Conferences, Cow &. Gate National. Preconception diet & diet in pregnancy: Conference proceedings : a summary of the proceedings of the conferences presented by Cow & Gate Nutricia, Autumn 1996. [Sheffield]: Cow & Gate, 1996.

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Mosley, Michael. La dieta FastDiet: Baje de peso y aumente su longevidad con el simple secreto del ayuno intermitente. Nueva York: Atria Español, 2013.

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Christian, Willrich, and Rebbe Jörn, eds. Recetas con bajo colesterol. Buenos Aires: Albatros, 2003.

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Mercadal, Lluís Asmarats. Sabor con salud. Barcelona: Plataforma Editorial, 2013.

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De mi cocina: Con poca grasa pero con mucho sabor. New York: Random House Español, 2002.

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Nguyễn, Khoa Huân. Con đường dưỡng sinh. NSW, Australia: Nguyễn Khao Hậu, 2004.

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Nguyễn, Khoa Huân. Con đường dưỡng sinh. NSW, Australia: Nguyễn Khao Hậu, 2004.

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Borrel, Marie. Anticolesterol: 60 consejos con respuestas adaptadas a sus necesidades. México, D.F: Ediciones Larousse, 2006.

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Carta con diez años de retraso. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 2002.

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Sánchez, José Gascón. Diez cuentos con alma y corazón. Valencia: Ediciones Bonet Sichar, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cow diet"

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Hedges, Robert E. M., and Gert J. Van Klinken. "“Consider a Spherical Cow ⋯” — on Modeling and Diet." In Biogeochemical Approaches to Paleodietary Analysis, 211–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47194-9_11.

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Shivambu, Cavin T., Ndivhuwo Shivambu, and Colleen T. Downs. "House Crow (Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817)." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 175–82. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0175.

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Abstract This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the house crow (Corvus splendens).
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Graf, P., and P. Suter. "CO2-Reduktionspotential." In Neue Energien für die Zukunft, 32–46. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5648-5_5.

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Zotz, Gerhard, and Klaus Winter. "Diel Patterns of CO2 Exchange in Rainforest Canopy Plants." In Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology, 89–113. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1163-8_3.

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Kircher, Manfred, Cornelia Bähr, Dennis Herzberg, and Thomas Schwarz. "CO2 und CO: nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die zirkuläre Wertschöpfung." In CO2 und CO – Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60649-0_1.

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Deerberg, Görge, Michael Hensmann, Marten Sprecher, Helmut Hoppe, Jens Hannes, Ute Merrettig-Bruns, Bettina Sayder, Kerstin Schwarze-Benning, and Hans-Jürgen Körner. "Möglichkeiten der Integration in bestehende industrielle Anlagen mit relevanten C1-Gasströmen." In CO2 und CO – Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft, 169–218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60649-0_10.

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Bayer, Thomas, Michael Binder, Johannes Booz, and Stefan Burmester. "Möglichkeiten der Integration von Reststoffen in industrielle Anlagen mit relevanten C1-Gasströmen." In CO2 und CO – Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft, 219–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60649-0_11.

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Marzi, Thomas, and Görge Deerberg. "CO2 als Systemkomponente für Energiespeicher und Rohstoff für Basischemikalien." In CO2 und CO – Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft, 245–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60649-0_12.

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Carus, Michael. "CO- und CO2-Nutzung und Nachhaltigkeit." In CO2 und CO – Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft, 267–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60649-0_13.

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Herzberg, Dennis, and Manfred Kircher. "Regionalentwicklung." In CO2 und CO – Nachhaltige Kohlenstoffquellen für die Kreislaufwirtschaft, 277–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60649-0_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cow diet"

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Higuchi, K., I. Nonaka, F. Ohtani, T. Motoshima, and K. Yunokawa. "Low CP diet with synchrony of ruminal nitrogen and energy decreased nitrogen excretion in dairy cow." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_11.

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Chiumenti, Alessandro, Francesco da Borso, Stefano Guercini, Andrea Pezzuolo, Michele Zanotto, Sandy Sgorlon, Gemini Delle Vedove, Fabiano Miceli, and Bruno Stefanon. "<i>The Impact of the Dairy Cow Diet on Anaerobic Digestion of Manure</i>." In 2019 Boston, Massachusetts July 7- July 10, 2019. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201900856.

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Agouni, Abdelali, Duck Y. Lee, Assaad A. Eid, Yves Gorin, and Kumar Sharma. "The Protective Role of Sestrin2 in High Fat Diet-Induced Nephropathy." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0134.

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Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for type-2 diabetes predisposing patients to diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Glomerular injury is a prominent pathological feature of DN. Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a stress-induced protein, but its role in DN has not been investigated. Therefore, we have determined the impact of Sesn2 deletion in a mouse model of obesityinduced nephropathy. Materials and methods: We examined the effects of Sesn2-deficiency in a longterm (22 weeks) mouse model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on glomerular structure. The severity of renal injury and fibrosis in wild type (Sesn2+/+) mice (fed HFD or chow diets) was compared to that in Sesn2-deficient mice (Sesn2-/- ) fed HFD or chow diets. Animal work was carried out under an IACUC-approved protocol. Results: Data showed that Sesn2 ablation exacerbated HFD-induced glomerular fibrotic injury as evidenced by mesangial matrix hypertrophy and accumulation of both fibronectin and collagen IV. Western blot analysis revealed that HFD- or chow-fed Sesn2-/- mice exhibited higher protein expression of key lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid translocase CD36 (an indicator of lipid uptake), fatty acid synthase and ATP citrate lyase. Sesn2-deficiency in obese mice resulted in podocyte loss as indicated by reduced expression of synaptopodin. Glomerular lesions like those observed in HFD-fed wild-type mice were detected in Sesn2-/-mice fed a chow diet, indicating that the basal deletion of Sesn2 is deleterious by itself. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that Sesn2 is renoprotective in obesity-induced nephropathy by diminishing lipid accumulation and blocking excessive lipid uptake and de novo lipid synthesis. Understanding the protective of Sesn2 should yield novel therapeutic interventions to effectively preserve glomerular function in obesity and diabetes.
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Souilhac, Dominique J., Arshavir Gundjian, M. Badaye, and Dominique Billerey. "Investigation of tellurium thin films for IR-integrated waveguides and CO2 laser detection." In San Dieg - DL Tentative, edited by Richard I. Seddon. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22409.

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Pyanikova, E. A., A. E. Kovaleva, and S. I. Galchenko. "The Use of Marketing Instrumentarium to Ensure a Balanced Healthy Diet of Young Students." In International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.059.

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Costa, Bruna. "Carlos Cruz-Diez: o acontecimento da cor." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.vi14.3375.

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Caroline Franzan, Bruna, Irene da Silva Coelho, Emilly Martins Ramos, Marina Torres de Souza, Ana Rúbia Pereira de Souza, Marina Monteiro de Moraes Santos, Fernando Queiroz de Almeida, and Vinícius Pimentel. "MICROBIOMA FECAL DE EQUINOS ALIMENTADOS COM DIETA COMPLETA." In SIMCAV 2021. ,: Even3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/simcav2021.330064.

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De la torre oliver, Francisco. "A10tv. Diez años del canal de arte independiente español." In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.4879.

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Presentamos el resultado de diez años de trabajo llevado a cabo en el canal de vídeo del portal arte10.com. El canal A10tv tiene como objetivo la documentación de la actividad artística contemporánea en el terreno expositivo español. A lo largo de su trayectoria ha publicado más de medio millar de documentos y cuenta con más de medio millón de descargas. El archivo esta integrado por reportajes de exposiciones en salas privadas e institucionales, actos de inauguración y entrevistas con los artistas más representativos del panorama artístico actual. Su desarrollo corre en paralelo a la compra de la plataforma Youtube por Google, desde donde difunde sus videos, por lo que su historia permite realizar un análisis de la evolución de la globalización de contenidos audiovisuales en la red desde la propia experiencia de patner. Afrontaremos la actualidad del sector, donde la información artística ha perdido el interés de los medios de comunicación debido a la desaparición de la inversión publicitaria consecuencia de la crisis económica y la consiguiente reducción de presupuestos, lo que ha motivando la aparición de canales institucionales financiados por los propios museos. Un proceso que atentando contra la pluralidad de lecturas favoreciendo la imposición del discurso único. Concluimos con una reflexión sobre la necesidad de crear relatos independientes como testimonio de la pluralidad que vivimos, especialmente en la actualidad artística. Y el papel que juegan los nuevos medios y las plataformas de difusión de contenidos gratuitos en la red favoreciendo la globalización de estas visiones.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4879
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Katona, Adam, Ryan Spick, Victoria J. Hodge, Simon Demediuk, Florian Block, Anders Drachen, and James Alfred Walker. "Time to Die: Death Prediction in Dota 2 using Deep Learning." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2019.8847997.

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Cosme Nascimento, Rosiane, Raquel Bianchi de Freitas Gonçalves, Guilherme Augusto Loiola Passos, Daniel Teixeira Ferreira, Valéria Aparecida Vieira Queiroz, ERIKA MADEIRA MOREIRA DA SILVA, and Erica Aguiar Moraes. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA, SENSORIAL E QUÍMICA DE BISCOITOS DIET ELABORADOS COM DIFERENTES PROPORÇÕES DE SORGO." In CBCP - Congresso On-line Brasileiro de Tecnologia de Cereais e Panificação. ,: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/cbcp2020.275803.

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Reports on the topic "Cow diet"

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Calleja, Ricardo. Diez observaciones sobre el Gobierno de Instituciones con Misión. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/018.op-328.

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Zehnder, C. M., J. M. Hall, D. B. Brown, and A. DiCostanzo. Alfalfa leaf meal in wintering beef cow diets. Quarterly report, July 1, 1997--September 30, 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/621885.

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Guidati, Gianfranco, and Domenico Giardini. Verbundsynthese «Geothermie» des NFP «Energie». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publikation_nfp70_nfp71.2020.4.de.

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Die oberflächennahe Geothermie mit Wärmepumpen ist Stand der Technik und in der Schweiz bereits stark verbreitet. Im künftigen Energiesystem soll zusätzlich die mitteltiefe bis tiefe Geothermie (1–6 km) eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Im Vordergrund steht die Lieferung von Wärme für Gebäude und industrielle Prozesse. Diese Form der Erdwärmenutzung setzt einen gut durchlässigen Untergrund voraus, damit ein Fluid – in der Regel Wasser – die natürlich vorhandene Gesteinswärme übernehmen und an die Oberfläche transportieren kann. Bei Sedimentgesteinen ist dies meist von Natur aus gegeben, wogegen bei Graniten und Gneisen die Durchlässigkeit mittels Einpressen von Wasser künstlich herbeigeführt werden muss. Die so gewonnene Wärme nimmt mit zunehmender Bohrtiefe zu: In 1 km Tiefe liegt die Untergrundtemperatur bei ca. 40 °C und in 3 km Tiefe bei ca. 100 °C. Um eine Dampfturbine für die Stromproduktion anzutreiben, sind Temperaturen von über 100 °C notwendig. Da dafür grössere Tiefen von 3 bis 6 km erforderlich sind, steigt auch das Risiko der durch die Bohrungen induzierten Seismizität. Der Untergrund eignet sich ausserdem auch zur Speicherung von Wärme und Gasen, zum Beispiel Wasserstoff oder Methan, sowie zur definitiven Einlagerung von CO2. Dazu muss er ähnliche Voraussetzungen erfüllen wie bei der Wärmegewinnung, zusätzlich ist jedoch eine über dem Reservoir liegende dichte Deckschicht erforderlich, damit das Gas nicht entweichen kann. Im Verbundprojekt «Wasserkraft und Geothermie» des NFP «Energie» wurde vor allem der Frage nachgegangen, wo sich in der Schweiz geeignete Bodenschichten finden, die die Anforderungen der verschiedenen Nutzungen optimal erfüllen. Ein zweiter Forschungsschwerpunkt betraf Massnahmen zur Reduktion der durch Tiefenbohrungen induzierten Seismizität und der daraus folgenden Schäden an Bauten. Im Weiteren wurden Modelle und Simulationen entwickelt, die zu einem besseren Verständnis der Vorgänge im Untergrund bei der Erschliessung und Nutzung der geothermischen Ressourcen beitragen. Zusammengefasst zeigen die Forschungsergebnisse, dass in der Schweiz gute Voraussetzungen vorhanden sind für die Nutzung der mitteltiefen Erdwärme (1–3 km), sowohl für den Gebäudepark als auch für industrielle Prozesse. Auch in Bezug auf die saisonale Speicherung von Wärme und Gasen ist Optimismus angebracht. Die Potenziale für die definitive Einlagerung von CO2 in relevanten Mengen sind demgegenüber als eher limitiert zu bezeichnen. Hinsichtlich der Stromproduktion aus Erdwärme mittels der tiefen Geothermie (> 3 km) besteht noch keine abschliessende Gewissheit, wie gross das wirtschaftlich nutzbare Potenzial im Untergrund wirklich ist. Diesbezüglich sind dringend industriell betriebene Demonstrationsanlagen notwendig, um die Akzeptanz bei der Bevölkerung und bei Investoren zu stärken.
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Habert, Guillaume, and Francesco Pittau. Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publikation_nfp70_nfp71.2020.5.de.

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Alle Bauten in der Schweiz – also alle Gebäude, Strassen, Infrastrukturbauten und so weiter – konsumieren über ihren gesamten Lebenszyklus hinweg rund 50 Prozent des schweizerischen Endenergiebedarfs. Zudem emittieren sie gut 30 Prozent des Treibhausgases CO2. In den letzten Jahrzehnten reduzierten sich der Energiebedarf und die CO2-Emissionen bei der Nutzung der Bauten stark. Die graue Energie, die in den Bauten steckt, und der CO2-Ausstoss bei der Herstellung der Baustoffe, der Sanierung und dem Rückbau sind hingegen unverändert hoch. Hier besteht grosses Potenzial. Das Verbundprojekt «Energiearmer Beton» schafft wichtige Grundlagen für die Transformation der Bauwirtschaft in eine nachhaltige Branche. Es fokussiert vor allem auf den Baustoff Beton, der für besonders viel graue Energie und CO2-Emissionen verantwortlich ist. Die Ergebnisse dieses Verbundprojekts werden in der vorliegenden Synthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» zusammengefasst und interpretiert. Das Verbundprojekt hat vor allem folgende Ziele verfolgt: Die CO2-Emissionen und die graue Energie werden durch eine drastische Reduktion des Klinkers im Zement verringert. Die graue Energie wird reduziert, indem in Betonkonstruktionen der Bewehrungs- und Spannstahl durch Holz und Kunststoffe ersetzt wird. Die Lebensdauer der Bauwerke wird durch eine professionelle Bauwerksüberwachung und durch adäquate Sanierungsmassnahmen verlängert; damit reduzieren sich die im Durchschnitt pro Jahr anfallende graue Energie und die CO2-Emissionen. Die Forschungen zeigen, dass sich der durch Beton und Betonkonstruktionen verursachte CO2-Ausstoss um den Faktor 4 und die gebundene graue Energie um den Faktor 3 reduzieren lassen.
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Steffensen, Bernd, and Bettina von Römer. Mieter im Geschosswohnungsbau – Einstellungen zu den Themen Fassadendämmung, Heizen und CO2-Reduktion. Ergebnisse der Diskussion in zwei Fokusgruppen in Mannheim. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627543.

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Das Projekt iENG (Intelligente Energienutzung in der Gebäudewirtschaft) thematisiert die umwelt- und gesellschaftsverträgliche Umsetzung der Energiewende im Gebäudebereich. Es geht der Frage nach, warum insbesondere im Bestand das Umsetzungstempo weit hinter den Erwartungen zurückbleibt und vertieft dabei die Fragestellungen der Informations-vermittlung (Energieberater), der rechtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen (EnEV und Förder-Verfahren) sowie die bislang weitgehend ignorierten Chancen von architektonischer Gestaltung und gebäudekybernetischen Ansätzen. In diesem Beitrag wird versucht, die Sicht der Gebäudenutzer, also insbesondere der Mieter und selbstnutzenden Eigentümer von Wohnungen zu ergründen. Dazu ist es sinnvoll, an der öffentlichen Diskussion der Thematik Gebäudeenergiewende anzuknüpfen, die meistens bei der aktuellen technischen Standardlösung zum Einsparen von Energie im Gebäudebereich anknüpft: den Wärmedämmverbundsystemen. Sie sind sowohl durch große Werbemaßnahmen (Ulrich Wickert: Dämmen lohnt sich) als auch durch die Kriterien für die Vergabe vergünstigter Modernisierungskredite oder Zuschüsse nahezu vorgegeben, um im Wohnungsbestand und bei Neubauten über eine Reduzierung der erforderlichen Heizleistung zu einer Energieeinsparung und zur CO2-Reduzierung beizutragen. Im folgenden Bericht werden ausgehend von der methodischen Anlage des Teilprojektes die Ergebnisse der empirischen Arbeiten dargestellt. Im Verlauf des Projektes haben sich insbesondere bei der Rekrutierung von Teilnehmern für die Fokusgruppen Probleme ergeben, die dargestellt und diskutiert werden sollen (Kap. 2). Aufgrund der Zugangsprobleme zum Feld ist die empirische Basis der nachfolgenden Überlegungen nicht sehr robust und nur begrenzt belastbar (Kap. 3). Abschließend werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse des Teil-projektes im Kapitel 4 zusammengefasst und ein Ausblick gegeben.
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DeWitt, Dennis, Steve Ensley, Paula Imerman, Beth Doran, Kris Kohl, and Paul Summer. Evaluation and Observations of Total Sulfur Intake with Corn Co-Product Diets for Feedlot Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-471.

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Martínez Parra, Marc. Los geólogos en el cine y la televisión. Personajes reales e inventados. Un análisis de su transposición a la pantalla. Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21028/mmp.2019.11.20.

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Un análisis detallado de once geólogos con protagonismo en las pantallas grande y pequeña – diez ficticios y uno real - permitirá establecer cuanto de la imagen que se ofrece de los mismos como profesionales de la tierra está plagada de tópicos y elementos de fantaciencia y cuanto muestra verosimilitud y una cierta coherencia con la realidad.
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Martínez Parra, Marc. Los geólogos en el cine y la televisión. Personajes reales e inventados. Un análisis de su transposición a la pantalla. Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21028/mmp.2019.11.28.

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Un análisis detallado de once geólogos con protagonismo en las pantallas grande y pequeña – diez ficticios y uno real - permitirá establecer cuanto de la imagen que se ofrece de los mismos como profesionales de la tierra está plagada de tópicos y elementos de fantaciencia y cuanto muestra verosimilitud y una cierta coherencia con la realidad.
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Sánchez Álvarez, Carlos, Anaiane Pereira Souza, and Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas. Respuesta productiva de porcinos (pietrain × landrace) alimentados con una dieta compuesta de harina de maíz y girasol (66:34) frente a un concentrado comercial. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.4048.

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Contextualización: la alimentación representa entre el 60 y 70% de los costos de un sistema de producción animal. Vacio del conocimiento: por lo tanto, se hace necesario el diseño de estrategias nutricionales de bajo costo y directamente en la propiedad para superar esta limitación. Propósito del estudio: el objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las respuestas productivas de un concentrado experimental compuesto por harina de maíz y harina girasol (66:34) y la de un concentrado comercial, para la alimentación de cerdos en crecimiento. Metodología: fueron usados 10 machos castrados y cruzados Pietrain × Landrace de 12 kg de peso vivo inicial, los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos de 5 animales: el primer grupo fue sometido a una dieta control (DC, uso de concentrado comercial) y el segundo a una dieta experimental (DE, concentrado formado por 66% de harina de maíz y 34% de harina de girasol, preparado directamente en la propiedad). La comparación entre tratamientos se realizó usando un diseño completamente al azar mediante el paquete estadístico SAS y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue de P<0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: no se encontró diferencia estadística entre la dieta comercial (DC) y la experimental (DE) para el peso vivo (PV) inicial medio (DC = 12,2 vs DE = 12,1 kg; P = 0,388), sin embargo, si hubo diferencia para el PV final medio (DC = 65,5 vs DE = 62,9 kg; P < 0,01) y consumo díario de alimento (DC = 2,12 vs DE = 2,08 kg/día). El PV presentó una dinámica de aumento semejante entre las dos dietas en función del tiempo. Hubo diferencia estadística entre las dietas mencionadas para la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP; DC = 0,393 vs DE = 0,383 kg/día; P = 0,022), pero no para el índice de conversión alimentar (ICA; DC = 5,39 vs DE = 5,43; P = 0,545) entre los dos grupos de tratamientos. Por lo tanto, considerando los resultados anteriores, se puede concluir que el uso de una relación harina de maíz: harina de girasol (66:34) no genera respuestas productivas iguales o superiores a la alternativa comercial.
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Schenten, Julian. Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) und die Anreizsituation der Akteure in den Wertschöpfungsketten – Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Unternehmensverbänden. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627284.

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Wer den Carbon Footprint für ein Produkt (Product Carbon Footprint oder PCF) ermitteln will, benötigt zu allen Abschnitten im Lebensweg des Produkts Daten zum Ausstoß klimarelevanter Gase. Das Unternehmen, das den PCF für eines seiner Erzeugnisse errechnen möchte, ist daher darauf angewiesen, dass unterschiedliche Akteure – entlang des produktspezifischen Lebenswegs, aber auch im eigenen Betrieb oder Konzernverbund – kooperieren. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Anreiz- und Hemmnissituation von Akteuren in den Wertschöpfungsketten von Produkten. Analysiert werden sowohl der Akteur, der sein Produkt bilanzieren möchte, als auch die vor- und ggf. nachgelagerten Akteure, die zu diesem Zweck ihre Daten übermitteln müssen. Die Haupterkenntnisquelle der Untersuchung speist sich aus empirischen Befunden, die im Rahmen von Interviews gewonnen wurden oder aus den Fallstudien im Projekt „Unternehmensvorteile durch Umweltmanagement entlang der Wertschöpfungskette und durch Verbraucherinformation – Chancen und Rahmenbedingungen für die Bestimmung und die Kommunikation des CO2-Fußabdrucks von Produkten, insbesondere für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (PCF-KMU)“ stammen. Ziel ist es,- einen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag im Hinblick auf die Anreiz- und Hemmnis-situation von Akteuren bezüglich des PCF zu leisten;- Unternehmen Anhaltspunkte zu liefern, welche Faktoren in Bezug auf die Interessenlagen der anderen Akteure zu berücksichtigen sind, wenn es den PCF für eines seiner Produkte ermitteln möchte;- Handlungsoptionen aufzuzeigen, wie sich der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen modifizieren ließen, um Hemmnisse hinsichtlich des PCF abzubauen. Abschnitt 3 nimmt eine Präzisierung des Untersuchungsgegenstands vor. Daraufhin erläutert Abschnitt 4 das methodische Vorgehen. Die Anreizanalyse findet sich dann in Abschnitt 5, wobei eine Systematisierung anhand unterschiedlicher Einflussfaktoren auf die Handlungen der Akteure erfolgt, die Abschnitt 6 in einem Fazit zusammenführt. Zuletzt enthält Abschnitt 7 die aus den Befunden abgeleiteten Gestaltungsoptionen.
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