Journal articles on the topic 'COVID Racism'
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Chae, David H., Tiffany Yip, Connor D. Martz, Kara Chung, Jennifer A. Richeson, Anjum Hajat, David S. Curtis, Leoandra Onnie Rogers, and Thomas A. LaVeist. "Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans." Public Health Reports 136, no. 4 (May 25, 2021): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549211018675.
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Objectives Experiences of vicarious racism—hearing about racism directed toward one’s racial group or racist acts committed against other racial group members—and vigilance about racial discrimination have been salient during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined vicarious racism and vigilance in relation to symptoms of depression and anxiety among Asian and Black Americans. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional study of 604 Asian American and 844 Black American adults aged ≥18 in the United States recruited from 5 US cities from May 21 through July 15, 2020. Multivariable linear regression models examined levels of depression and anxiety by self-reported vicarious racism and vigilance. Results Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, among both Asian and Black Americans, greater self-reported vicarious racism was associated with more symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.92 [95% CI, 0.97-2.87]; Black: β = 1.72 [95% CI, 0.95-2.49]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 2.40 [95% CI, 1.48-3.32]; Black: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.17-2.78]). Vigilance was also positively related to symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.54 [95% CI, 0.58-2.50]; Black: β = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.12-1.67]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.05-2.91]; Black: β = 1.64 [95% CI, 0.82-2.45]). Conclusions Mental health problems are a pressing concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from our study suggest that heightened racist sentiment, harassment, and violence against Asian and Black Americans contribute to increased risk of depression and anxiety via vicarious racism and vigilance. Public health efforts during this period should address endemic racism as well as COVID-19.
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Kamp, Alanna, Nida Denson, Rachel Sharples, and Rosalie Atie. "Asian Australians’ Experiences of Online Racism during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050227.
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Between 13 November 2020 and 11 February 2021, an online national survey of 2003 Asian Australians was conducted to measure the type and frequency of self-identified Asian Australians’ experiences of racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey also aimed to gauge the relationships between racist experiences and targets’ mental health, wellbeing and sense of belonging. In this paper, we report findings on the type and frequency of online racist experiences and their associations with mental health, wellbeing and belonging. The survey found that 40 per cent of participants experienced racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Within that group, 66 per cent experienced racism online. The demographic pattern of those most likely to experience online racism were younger age groups, males, those born in Australia, English speakers at home, non-Christians, and migrants who have been in Australia less than 20 years. Analysis also found a strong correlation between Asian Australians’ experiences of online racism and poor mental health, wellbeing and belonging. The relationship between experiencing racism, non-belonging and morbidity were more pronounced for those who experienced online racism compared to those who experienced racism in other offline contexts. This points to the corrosive nature of online racism on social cohesion, health and belonging.
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Avant, Nicole D. "Structural Racism and Supporting Black Lives – A Pharmacist’s Vow amid COVID-19." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 12, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v12i2.3411.
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COVID-19 is disproportionately impacting Black communities in the United States due to racial structures that increase exposure (e.g., densely populated areas, substandard housing, overrepresentation in essential work) and promote underlying diseases that exacerbate COVID-19. This manuscript uses Oath of a Pharmacist as a framework to propose a set of best practices for pharmacists to mitigate inequities such as achieve competence in the ideology of structural racism; identify systems of power that jeopardize Black health; value Black voices; name the socio-structural determinants of health; define race as a socio-political construction; name historical and contemporary racism; apply resources equitably based on need; collect robust data to solve complex problems; diminish bias and view patients holistically in the contexts of inequities; and advocate for Black lives. While race is biological fiction, Black individuals are at an increased risk for COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths than their white counterparts due to navigating generations of racist practices that often converge with other inequities—such as sexism, classism. To describe these racial health disparities, structured, racial disadvantage is commonly ignored while personal choices and clinical care are highlighted as the culprits. Achieving health equity requires comprehension, acceptance, and assessment of structural racism, and pharmacists are highly trusted, uniquely positioned healthcare professionals who, through their knowledge, skills, and resources, can help attenuate the effects of structural racism to support Black lives.
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Strmic-Pawl, Hephzibah, Erica Chito Childs, and Stephanie Laudone. "Asian-White Mixed Identity after COVID-19: Racist Racial Projects and the Effects on Asian Multiraciality." Genealogy 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6020053.
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With the onset of the Coronavirus and racist statements about the origins of COVID-19 in 9 China there has been a surge in anti-Asian discrimination in the United States. The U.S. case is worthy of special focus because of former President Trump’s explicit racist rhetoric, referring to the 11 Coronavirus as the “China virus” and “Kung-flu”. This rise in anti-Asian discrimination has led to 12 a heightened awareness of racism against Asians and a corollary increase in AAPI activism. Based 13 on survey and in-depth interview data with Asian-White multiracials, we examine how recent 14 spikes in anti-Asian hate has shifted Asian-White multiracials to have a more heightened awareness 15 of racism and a shift in their racial consciousness. We theorize how multiracials intermediary sta-16 tus on the racial hierarchy can be radically shifted at any moment in relation to emerging racist 17 racial projects, which has broader implications for the status of mixed people globally.
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Kofifah, Siti, and Ariya Jati. "Racism Against Asian During the Covid-19 Pandemic." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131704009.
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Covid-19 was discovered in Wuhan China on December 1st, 2019. On March 9th, 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) officially announced Covid-19 as a pandemic. Since the declaration of Covid-19 as a global pandemic, Covid-19 causes a major impact in various fields. Starting from the economy, education, to human resources. The most significant is felt by Asians or people with Asian ethnicity. They start to receive racist treatment starting hate comment on social media, insults, or bad treatment from others towards them. This paper is aimed to discuss the background to the emergence of racism against Asian during the Covid-19 pandemic and its impact, especially in America. The method used is data collection taken from news and journal articles related to racism and Covid-19. The result is how Covid-19 can trigger racism against Asian in America and the form of racism and its impact to Asian in America. In conclution, some factors, such as governments that tend to be racist, the pre-existing xenophobic and exclusive government environment exacerbates the negative stigma in society. Various forms of racism starting from hate speech on social media, verbal attacks to physical violence. Racism has caused mental problems for Asian Americans, such as anxiety, depression and lack of confidence to their identity as Americans.
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Markey, Kathleen, and Yu Zhang. "Demystifying, recognising and combating racism during the pandemic." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 21 (November 26, 2020): 1266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.21.1266.
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The increased reports of escalation of social inequalities, xenophobic and racist ideologies during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a growing concern. Nurses are not immune to xenophobia and racism, both as perpetrators and as victims. Although COVID-19 brings a new wave of xenophobia and racism, healthcare organisations have been tackling discriminatory and racist practices for decades. However, racist practice quite often goes undetected or unchallenged due to its associated sensitivity and a lack of understanding of its complexity. There is a need for a more open and non-judgemental discourse around interpretations of racism and its predisposing factors as a means of combating the growing reports. This discussion paper proposes a practice-orientated conceptualisation of racism and outlines some particular and sustainable areas for consideration for nurses to use in their daily practice. Developing self-awareness and nurturing the courage, confidence and commitment to challenge self and others is critical for transforming ethnocentric and racist ideologies.
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Lee, Po-Han, and Ying-Chao Kao. "Health Apartheid during covid-19: A Decolonial Critique of Racial Politics between Taiwan and the who." International Journal of Taiwan Studies 5, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 375–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-05020006.
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Abstract While racism has spread rapidly as the covid-19 pandemic disrupted global health systems, this study focuses on the case of Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the first African Director-General of the who, and his allegations of racism against Taiwan, which has been excluded from the who for decades. This study theorises ‘health apartheid’ as a conceptual framework to critically analyse three forces—global racial politics, imperial logics of global health, and state-centrism of international institutions—that relate to Taiwan’s exclusion in various ways. We argue that Tedros’s allegation was instrumentalised to overshadow the systemic, structural, and institutional racism reproduced by the who during the competition between Chinese and American hegemonies. This study shows that the pandemic exacerbates health apartheid against unrecognised nations, like Taiwan, when global solidarity is desperately needed. We call for a systematic transformation of the who to resist racist state-centrism and pursue a people-centred approach to global health governance.
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Lee, Jenny. "Neo-racism and the Criminalization of China." Journal of International Students 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): i—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i4.2929.
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This essay argues that neo-racism undermines the U.S.’s role as a global leader in higher education, considering the risks to public health, personal freedoms, and rights. With the rise of national protectionism, universities are and must remain international. Knowledge is fundamentally borderless, and yet higher education is being bordered by neo-racism. Neo-racist barriers to international migration, collaboration, and exchange limit higher education as well as our universities. Neo-racism limits our freedoms, it limits our rights, and now limits our ability to respond to COVID-19 effectively. Neo-racist barriers must be called out and addressed.
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Acosta, Katie L. "Racism: A Public Health Crisis." City & Community 19, no. 3 (September 2020): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12518.
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The impact of COVID–19 on racially minoritized communities in the United States has forced us all to look square in the face of the systemic racism that is embedded in every fabric of our society. As the number of infected people continues to rise, the racial disparities are glaringly obvious. Black and Latinx communities have been hit considerably harder by this pandemic. Both racial/ethnic groups have seen rates of infection well above their percentage in the general population and African Americans have seen rates of death from COVID–19 as high as twice their percentage in the general population. These numbers bear witness to the high cost of racism in the United States.
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South-Paul, Jeannette E., Kendall M. Campbell, Norma Poll-Hunter, and Audrey J. Murrell. "Mentoring as a Buffer for the Syndemic Impact of Racism and COVID-19 among Diverse Faculty within Academic Medicine." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 4921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094921.
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Within this article, we explore the dual impact of two pandemics, racism and COVID-19, on the career and psychological well-being of diverse faculty within academic medicine. First, we present a discussion of the history of racism in academic medicine and the intensification of racial disparities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the syndemic of racism and COVID-19, the outlook for the recruitment, retention, and advancement of diverse faculty and leaders within academic medicine is at risk. While mentoring is known to have benefits for career and personal development, we focus on the unique and often unacknowledged role that mentoring can play as a buffer for women and people of color, especially when working in institutions that lack diversity and are now struggling with the syndemic of racism and COVID-19. We also discuss the implications of acknowledging mentoring as a buffer for future leadership development, research, and programs within academic medicine and health professions.
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Franz, Berkeley, Ben Parker, Adrienne Milner, and Jomills H. Braddock II. "The Relationship between Systemic Racism, Residential Segregation, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Deaths in the United States." Ethnicity & Disease 32, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.1.31.
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Introduction: Although Black Americans are not substantially more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19, hospitalization rates and death rates are considerably higher than for White Americans. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between systemic racism generally, and residential segregation in particular, and racial/ethnic disparities in deaths due to COVID-19.Methods: To assess racial disparities in COVID-19 and systemic racism in US states, we calculated descriptive statistics and bivariate Pearson correlations. Using data on deaths through December 2020, we developed a weighted logistic mixed model to assess whether state-level systemic racism generally and residential segregation, in particular, predicted the probability of COVID-19 deaths among Americans, considering key sociodemographic factors.Results: Residential segregation is a stronger predictor of COVID-19 deaths among Black Americans, as compared to systemic racism more generally. Looking at the interaction between residential segregation and COVID-19 death rates by race, residential segregation is associated with negative outcomes for Black and White Americans, but disproportionately impacts Black state residents (P<.001), who have 2.14 times higher odds of dying from COVID-19 when residential segregation is increased.Conclusion: To understand and address disparities in infectious disease, researchers and public health practitioners should acknowledge how different forms of systemic racism shape health outcomes in the United States. More attention should be given to the mechanisms by which infectious disease pandemics exacerbate health disparities in areas of high residential segregation and should inform more targeted health policies. Such policy changes stand to make all American communities more resilient in the face of new and emerging infectious diseases. Ethn Dis. 2022;32(1):31-38; doi:10.18865/ed.32.1.31
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Guo, Shibao, and Yan Guo. "Combating Anti-Asian Racism and Xenophobia in Canada: Toward Pandemic Anti-Racism Education in Post-covid-19." Beijing International Review of Education 3, no. 2 (August 18, 2021): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25902539-03020004.
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Abstract Canada is often held up internationally as a successful model of immigration. Yet, Canada’s history, since its birth as a nation one hundred and fifty-four years ago, is one of contested racial and ethnic relations. Its racial and ethnic conflict and division resurfaces during covid-19 when there has been a surge in racism and xenophobia across the country towards Asian Canadians, particularly those of Chinese descent. Drawing on critical race theory and critical discourse analysis, this article critically analyzes incidents that were reported in popular press during the pandemic pertaining to this topic. The analysis shows how deeply rooted racial discrimination is in Canada. It also reveals that the anti-Asian and anti-Chinese racism and xenophobia reflects and retains the historical process of discursive racialization by which Asian Canadians have been socially constructed as biologically inferior, culturally backward, and racially undesirable. To combat and eliminate racism, we propose a framework of pandemic anti-racism education for the purpose of achieving educational improvement in post-covid-19.
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Ahn, Lydia HaRim, NaYeon Yang, and Mira An. "COVID-19 Racism, Internalized Racism, and Psychological Outcomes Among East Asians/East Asian Americans." Counseling Psychologist 50, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00110000211070597.
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The present study investigated the psychological effects of racism on East Asians and East Asian Americans (EAEAAs) living in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic using a mixed-methods approach. First, using an autoregressive cross-lagged panel analysis, we investigated the relations between COVID-19 racism, internalized racism, psychological distress, and social isolation among EAEAAs. We then examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EAEAAs using consensual qualitative research-modified. Quantitative findings showed that COVID-19 racism at Time 1 was associated with greater subsequent psychological distress, and COVID-19 racism at Time 2 was associated with greater levels of subsequent psychological distress and social isolation at Time 3, suggesting that COVID-19 racism predicted psychological distress and social isolation over time. Qualitative findings highlighted the prevalence of racism towards EAEAAs and the associated negative consequences. Findings demonstrate that EAEAAs living in the United States are at great risk due to the detrimental effects of racism during COVID-19.
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Borja, Melissa May, and Kayla Zhang. "“Please Love Our Asian American Neighbors”: Christian Responses to Anti-Asian Racism during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Theology Today 79, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 370–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736221132863.
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How have American religious groups engaged in the issue of contemporary anti-Asian racism? This article examines statements issued by Christian denominations in the United States to understand how American Christians have responded to the recent rise in racist and violent attacks on Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that while all of the statements condemned anti-Asian racism, Christian responses varied in significant ways: in how they understood the problem of racism, in what they prescribed as solutions, and in the degree to which they engaged in the particular experiences of Asian Americans.
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Pak, Yoon K. "“Racist-Blind, Not Color-Blind” by Design: Confronting Systemic Racism in Our Educational Past, Present, and Future." History of Education Quarterly 61, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2021.5.
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AbstractThis History of Education Society Presidential Address comes at the society's sixtieth anniversary and provides a new conceptual framework that foregrounds recognizing a “racist-blind,” and not a color-blind, ideology in the intentional and unequal design our educational past and present. It highlights systemic racism brought on by the dual pandemic moments of COVID-19 and global racial unrest, with a call to action for educational historians to lead in promoting systemic, institutional changes.
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Uyheng, Joshua, Daniele Bellutta, and Kathleen M. Carley. "Bots Amplify and Redirect Hate Speech in Online Discourse About Racism During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Social Media + Society 8, no. 3 (July 2022): 205630512211047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221104749.
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Online talk about racism has been salient throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet while such social media conversations reflect existing tensions in the offline world, the same discourse has also become a target for information operations aiming to heighten social divisions. This article examines Twitter discussions of racism in the first and sixth months since COVID-19 was accorded pandemic status by the World Health Organization and uncovers dynamic associations with bot activity and hate speech. Humans initially constituted the most hateful accounts in online conversations about racism in March, but in August, bots dominated hate speech. Over time, greater bot activity likewise amplified levels of hate speech a week later. Moreover, while discourse about racism in March primarily featured an organic focus on racial identities like Asian and Chinese, we further observed a bot-dominated focus in August toward political identities like president, Democrat, and Republican. Although hate speech targeting Asian groups remained present among racism discussions in August, these findings suggest a bot-fueled redirection from focusing on racial groups at the onset of the pandemic to targeting politics closer to the 2020 US elections. This work enhances understanding of the complexity of racism discussions during the pandemic, its vulnerability to manipulation through information operations, and the large-scale quantitative study of inorganic hate campaigns in online social networks.
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Geneviève, Lester Darryl, Andrea Martani, Tenzin Wangmo, and Bernice Simone Elger. "Precision Public Health and Structural Racism in the United States: Promoting Health Equity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): e33277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33277.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed deeply entrenched structural inequalities that resulted in an excess of mortality and morbidity in certain racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Therefore, this paper examines from the US perspective how structural racism and defective data collection on racial and ethnic minorities can negatively influence the development of precision public health (PPH) approaches to tackle the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, the effects of structural and data racism on the development of fair and inclusive data-driven components of PPH interventions are discussed, such as with the use of machine learning algorithms to predict public health risks. The objective of this viewpoint is thus to inform public health policymaking with regard to the development of ethically sound PPH interventions against COVID-19. Particular attention is given to components of structural racism (eg, hospital segregation, implicit and organizational bias, digital divide, and sociopolitical influences) that are likely to hinder such approaches from achieving their social justice and health equity goals.
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Hasković, Edita. "The Rise of Racism and Xenophobia During the COVID-19 Pandemic as an Expression of Their Centuries-Old History – A Sociological and Security Aspect." Kriminalističke teme 22, no. 1 (November 29, 2022): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51235/kt.2022.22.1.45.
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Extremely complex crisis that occurred after the proclamation of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, contributed to the escalation of racism and xenophobia in the international arena. Their current rise must be observed from the perspective of the historically established pattern of connecting minorities, racial groups and certain communities with infectious diseases, which has made racist and xenophobic approaches and narratives indispensable constituents of responses to them. The stigma of the disease, as history confirms, is a permanent companion to the outbreak of infectious diseases, thus the coronavirus pandemic was no exception.
The radicalization of public discourse through nativism, hatred and fear during the current health crisis, with the significant support of some mainstream media, was in the forefront contributed to by neo-nationalist forces. They exploited the insecurity and uncertainty generated by the pandemic to project fear of the other and different with their obligatory emanation as potential threats.
Even though the COVID-19 pandemic contributed primarily to the reaffirmation of racism and xenophobia against the Chinese and Asians, which was supported by the coronavirus provenance, it undoubtedly paved the way for a general racist and xenophobic discourse.
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Campos, Margarida Cassia, and Angela Ernestina Cardoso Brito. "IMPACTOS DA COVID-19: contradições e enfrentamentos em defesa da vida da população negra." Revista de Políticas Públicas 25, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v25n1p131-149.
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A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar, de forma inter-relacionada, três condicionantes: as fragilidades da implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra (PNSIPN), as condições de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e o racismo estrutural na sua vertente de manifestação institucionalcomo determinantespara a compreensão dos índices de mortalidade pela Covid-19napopulação negra (pretos e pardos) no mês de julhode 2020 (semanas epidemiológicas 27ª a 31ª).Como metodologia, elege-se apesquisa quanti-qualitativa, com discussões interpretativas dos conceitose análise de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra por Domicílio de 2019 e do Ministério da Saúde (hospitalizados e mortos pela Covid-19).Os dados evidenciam a presença dos efeitos deletérios do racismo durante a pandemia.IMPACTS OF COVID-19: contradictions and confrontations in defense of the life of the black populationAbstractThis research aims to correlate three conditions: the weaknesses of the implementation of the National Policy for Integral Health of the Black Population (PNSIPN), the conditions of socioeconomic vulnerability and structural racism in its institutional manifestation aspect as determinants for the understanding of mortality rates by Covid-19 in the black population (blacks and browns) in the month of July 2020 (epidemiological weeks 27th to 31st). As a methodology, quanti-qualitative research is chosen, with interpretive discussions of the concepts and data analysis of the 2019 National Household Sample Survey and the Ministry of Health (hospitalized and killed by Covid-19). The data show the presence of the deleterious effects of racism during the pandemic.Keyword: Structural racism. Covid-19. Black population
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Pestine-Stevens, Althea, and Tina K. Newsham. "Teaching Anti-Racism in Gerontology: An Interactive Program of Recognition, Self-Work, Pedagogy, and Action." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.469.
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Abstract Older adults with intersecting identities as persons of color experience disparities in health and well-being due to racism in individual and structural spheres, which have been amplified by health, economic, and social consequences of COVID-19. We can begin the work to reduce these inequities by training scholars and practitioners to disrupt the systems within which we work that relegate advantages and disadvantages throughout the life course and in later life by racial groups. This interactive symposium presents resources on anti-racist gerontological education and provides an opportunity to engage critically with peers in all stages of their careers and anti-racism journeys who are interested in integrating anti-racism into their teaching. The first presenter introduces conversations to begin anti-racist pedagogy and assumptions to dismantle. The second presenter describes cultural humility as an essential step towards self-awareness and critical self-reflection for educators and practitioners. The third presenter presents how anti-racist pedagogy, a teaching approach that combines racial content, pedagogy, and organizing, may be applied to gerontology education. Fourth, an example will be presented from an online course module developed to guide Master of Social Work students toward recognizing racial disparities in aging services systems and identifying concrete suggestions for improvement. Finally, strategies for curriculum design will be presented with examples from Public Health education. This symposium is designed to include ample time for group discussion on this critical and under-addressed area of teaching in gerontology across disciplines, such that participants can better connect with others to build awareness, competency, and resources.
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Nguyen, Thu T., Shaniece Criss, Pallavi Dwivedi, Dina Huang, Jessica Keralis, Erica Hsu, Lynn Phan, et al. "Exploring U.S. Shifts in Anti-Asian Sentiment with the Emergence of COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197032.
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Background: Anecdotal reports suggest a rise in anti-Asian racial attitudes and discrimination in response to COVID-19. Racism can have significant social, economic, and health impacts, but there has been little systematic investigation of increases in anti-Asian prejudice. Methods: We utilized Twitter’s Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect 3,377,295 U.S. race-related tweets from November 2019–June 2020. Sentiment analysis was performed using support vector machine (SVM), a supervised machine learning model. Accuracy for identifying negative sentiments, comparing the machine learning model to manually labeled tweets was 91%. We investigated changes in racial sentiment before and following the emergence of COVID-19. Results: The proportion of negative tweets referencing Asians increased by 68.4% (from 9.79% in November to 16.49% in March). In contrast, the proportion of negative tweets referencing other racial/ethnic minorities (Blacks and Latinx) remained relatively stable during this time period, declining less than 1% for tweets referencing Blacks and increasing by 2% for tweets referencing Latinx. Common themes that emerged during the content analysis of a random subsample of 3300 tweets included: racism and blame (20%), anti-racism (20%), and daily life impact (27%). Conclusion: Social media data can be used to provide timely information to investigate shifts in area-level racial sentiment.
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Litam, Stacey Diane Arañez, Seungbin Oh, and Catherine Chang. "Resilience and Coping as Moderators of Stress-Related Growth in Asians and AAPIs During COVID-19." Professional Counselor 11, no. 2 (June 2021): 248–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/sdal.11.2.248.
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This exploratory study examined the extent to which coping, resilience, experiences of subtle and blatant racism, and ethnic identity predicted stress-related growth in a national convenience sample of Asians and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs; N = 326) who experienced COVID-19–related racial discrimination. Our analysis indicated participants with higher levels of coping, resilience, experiences of subtle and blatant racism, and ethnic identity were significantly more likely to cultivate higher levels of stress-related growth. Coping strategies such as self-blame, religion, humor, venting, substance use, denial, and behavioral disengagement significantly moderated the relationship between experiences of racism and stress-related growth. Notably, participants in the study who used mental health services following COVID-19 reported significantly higher levels of racial discrimination, resilience, coping, and stress-related growth compared to Asians and AAPIs who did not use professional mental health services. Mental health professionals are called to utilize culturally sensitive treatment modalities and challenge traditional Western notions that frame coping responses from an individualistic worldview.
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Perng, Wei, and Satvinder K. Dhaliwal. "Anti-Asian Racism and COVID-19." Epidemiology 33, no. 3 (May 2022): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001458.
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Chang, Alexandra, and Alice Ming Wai Jim. "covid-19 and Anti-Asian Racism." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 6, no. 3 (December 8, 2021): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-06030001.
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Brown, Elizabeth A. "COVID-19: Racism Is Like That." Health Equity 4, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0063.
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Amoah, Lloyd G. Adu. "Why African (Akan) thought has no concept of race: An anti-essentialist cultural meaning of personhood." Legon Journal of the Humanities 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v32i2.4.
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The race question has emerged in full force in recent times in the rise of the Black Lives Matter Movement, Europe’s anti-immigration posture, the social fallout of the Covid-19 pandemic inside and outside of China and the ongoing Russo-Ukraine Conflict. What does it mean to be racist? Is it simply a one off act or the product of a deeply embedded philosophical assemblage? When an African or Chinese (noted perennial victims of racism in history) acts in a manner deemed racist how do we make sense of this? Is it reasonable at all to describe it as reverse racism? This work brings African (Akan) and Confucian thought into a philosophical dialogue on the still raging and burning question of racism in order to offer some perspectives on the questions posed.
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Chen, Justin A., Emily Zhang, and Cindy H. Liu. "Potential Impact of COVID-19–Related Racial Discrimination on the Health of Asian Americans." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 11 (November 2020): 1624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305858.
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Anti-Asian discrimination and assaults have increased significantly during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contributing to a “secondary contagion” of racism. The United States has a long and well-documented history of both interpersonal and structural anti-Asian discrimination, and the current pandemic reinforces longstanding negative stereotypes of this rapidly growing minority group as the “Yellow Peril.” We provide a general overview of the history of anti-Asian discrimination in the United States, review theoretical and empirical associations between discrimination and health, and describe the associated public health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, citing relevant evidence from previous disasters in US history that became racialized. Although the literature suggests that COVID-19 will likely have significant negative effects on the health of Asian Americans and other vulnerable groups, there are reasons for optimism as well. These include the emergence of mechanisms for reporting and tracking incidents of racial bias, increased awareness of racism’s insidious harms and subsequent civic and political engagement by the Asian American community, and further research into resilience-promoting factors that can reduce the negative health effects of racism.
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Ham, Heidi. "Leadership: A Journey to Enacting Change." Journal of Youth Development 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2021.1115.
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Leadership development is a journey that occurs as circumstances change. In the dual pandemics—COVID-19 and heightened awareness of racism—and beyond, leaders must continue their development journeys by listening, reflecting, learning, and acting against racism and racist systems and practices. This article by the vice president of programs and strategy for the National AfterSchool Association features the voiced perspectives of field leaders who identify as Black, Indigenous, or people of color that may help you shape your journey.
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Man, Simeon. "Anti-Asian violence and US imperialism." Race & Class 62, no. 2 (August 27, 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396820949779.
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The early months of 2020 witnessed a spike in anti-Asian violence in the United States, which many commentators attributed to President Donald Trump’s racist remarks calling the coronavirus the ‘Chinese virus’. This essay offers a historical lens through which to understand anti-Asian racism within the current conjuncture of the COVID-19 pandemic and US racist state violence. It argues that anti-Asian violence should be seen not merely as episodic or as individual acts of violence targeting Asian peoples but as a structure of US settler colonialism and racial capitalism. The first half of the essay examines this history; the second half focuses on Asian American activist organisations that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, including the Coalition Against Anti-Asian Violence: Organizing Asian Communities and Nodutdol, to illustrate their abolitionist visions of justice and how they are finding space to enact these visions in the current moment. The essay ultimately argues for the need to approach the struggle against anti-Asian racism expansively so as to encompass the struggle for decolonisation and Black liberation.
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Panda, Satyananda, and Kinnari Kashyap. "Rise of Racism amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences in North-East India." Indian Journal of Health Studies 03, no. 01 (2021): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.56490/ijhs.2021.3106.
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Racism as a deep-rooted social oppression has negatively impacted the north-eastern people of India. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic since 2019, the north-eastern people have become the target in other parts of mainland India, thereby facing greater coronavirus racial attacks. The aim of the study was to explore and analyse the various forms of racial attacks and emotions associated with the act of discrimination among the victims of north-east India. The study was conducted on participants from the northeast region of India currently residing in other parts of mainland India. The results of the study highlighted some forms of racial attacks such as calling names with coronavirus, blamed to spread the virus, compelled to leave the apartments and pulling mask by walking away from the north-eastern people. Moreover, six different emotions were identified among the participants such as anger, anxiety, sadness, shock, embarrassment and fear associated with the racial act. Racism can damage our society, the consequence of which may be likely to persist beyond the global pandemic, hence it is important that required measures are taken by the state to curb racism.
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Ndubuizu, Nkemdilim, Travan Hurst, Amanda Wilson, and Thomas Mellman. "700 Young African American Adults Endorse Greater Distress from Racism than COVID though COVID may have Greater Impact on Sleep." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A273—A274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.698.
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Abstract Introduction Much attention has been given to stress-related symptoms including insomnia related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exposure to racially targeted police violence and the disproportionate impact of COVID on their communities have been particularly salient stressors for African Americans. Aims for this presentation are to illuminate the emotional impact of COVID and racism on young adult African Americans and their relationship to sleep problems. Methods An online survey was sent to participants in an ongoing study focusing on sleep and health along with new participants recruited through a snowball method. The survey included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Impact of Event scale (IES), as well as items to assess experiences with COVID, exposure to racially targeted violence, and disparate community impact. Results Respondents were African Americans age 18–35. 45% endorsed worsening sleep during the pandemic. 25% had ISI scores of probable insomnia and 61% had IES scores above the symptom threshold for clinical concern. Racism-related distress was endorsed at higher levels than worries related to COVID. There was a significant relationship of insomnia severity with the number of COVID related stressors and a trend level relationship with COVID worries. Sleep outcomes were not correlated with racism-related distress. Conclusion While distress related to racism was endorsed more than COVID worries, our preliminary findings suggest COVID worries but not racism exposure negatively impact sleep health. This may be a consequence of habituation to the chronic stress of racism in contrast with the novel stress of COVID. Support (if any) 5R01HL136626 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
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Lee, Sangeun. "COVID Racism against East Asian Community beyond Post-COVID 19." Greenwich Social Work Review 1, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/gswr.v1i2.1143.
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Ford, Chandra L., Bita Amani, Nina T. Harawa, Randall Akee, Gilbert C. Gee, Majid Sarrafzadeh, Consuela Abotsi-Kowu, et al. "Adequacy of Existing Surveillance Systems to Monitor Racism, Social Stigma and COVID Inequities: A Detailed Assessment and Recommendations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 12, 2021): 13099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413099.
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The populations impacted most by COVID are also impacted by racism and related social stigma; however, traditional surveillance tools may not capture the intersectionality of these relationships. We conducted a detailed assessment of diverse surveillance systems and databases to identify characteristics, constraints and best practices that might inform the development of a novel COVID surveillance system that achieves these aims. We used subject area expertise, an expert panel and CDC guidance to generate an initial list of N > 50 existing surveillance systems as of 29 October 2020, and systematically excluded those not advancing the project aims. This yielded a final reduced group (n = 10) of COVID surveillance systems (n = 3), other public health systems (4) and systems tracking racism and/or social stigma (n = 3, which we evaluated by using CDC evaluation criteria and Critical Race Theory. Overall, the most important contribution of COVID-19 surveillance systems is their real-time (e.g., daily) or near-real-time (e.g., weekly) reporting; however, they are severely constrained by the lack of complete data on race/ethnicity, making it difficult to monitor racial/ethnic inequities. Other public health systems have validated measures of psychosocial and behavioral factors and some racism or stigma-related factors but lack the timeliness needed in a pandemic. Systems that monitor racism report historical data on, for instance, hate crimes, but do not capture current patterns, and it is unclear how representativeness the findings are. Though existing surveillance systems offer important strengths for monitoring health conditions or racism and related stigma, new surveillance strategies are needed to monitor their intersecting relationships more rigorously.
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Pan, Shuya, Chia-chen Yang, Jiun-Yi Tsai, and Chenyu Dong. "Experience of and Worry About Discrimination, Social Media Use, and Depression Among Asians in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e29024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29024.
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Background The COVID-19 outbreak has spurred increasing anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States, which might be detrimental to the psychological well-being of Asian people living in the United States. Objective We studied three discrimination-related variables, including (1) experience of discrimination, (2) worry about discrimination, and (3) racism-related social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic among Asians in the United States. We examined how these three variables were related to depression, and how the association between racism-related social media use and depression was moderated by personal experience of and worry about racial discrimination. Methods A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 209 people (mean age 33.69, SD 11.31 years; 96/209, 45.93% female) who identified themselves as Asian and resided in the United States were included in the study. Results Experience of discrimination (β=.33, P=.001) and racism-related social media use (β=.14, P=.045) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Worry about discrimination (β=.13, P=.14) was not associated with depression. Worry about discrimination moderated the relationship between racism-related social media use and depression (β=–.25, P=.003) such that a positive relationship was observed among those who had low and medium levels of worry. Conclusions The present study provided preliminary evidence that experience of discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic was a risk factor of depressive symptoms among Asian people in the United States. Meanwhile, racism-related social media use was found to be negatively associated with the well-being of US Asians, and the relationship between social media use and depression was significantly moderated by worry about discrimination. It is critical to develop accessible programs to help US Asians cope with racial discrimination both in real lives and on social media during this unprecedented health crisis, especially among those who have not been mentally prepared for such challenges.
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MacNab, Brooke. "Behind the Scenes of COVID-19: The "Hidden Pandemic" of Anti-Asian Racism." Arbutus Review 12, no. 1 (October 25, 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/tar121202120189.
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Alongside COVID-19 came a renewed onslaught of xenophobia and anti-Asian racism, marking people who are or appear to be Chinese as a target for hate-fuelled verbal and physical assaults, some resulting in serious injury or proving fatal for the victims. Using news articles published in Canada to collect data, this research explores the impact of anti-Asian racism within Canada. The findings from this research suggest an uptick in activism throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Roughly a year after the pandemic, social movements and organizations focused on supporting those with lived experiences of anti-Asian racism and tracking and preventing anti-Asian racism have garnered large followings and support. The resurgence of anti-Asian racism due to the fear associated with COVID-19 is a testament to how we can and should do better in the future to act collectively against racism and xenophobia, by understanding why and how it emerges in order to prevent it.
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Cho, Sung Min (Steven). "Racism and COVID-19: Are Trainees Prepared?" Academic Medicine 96, no. 6 (February 2, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003955.
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Borrell, Luisa N., Paul C. Erwin, and Steve Fiala. "COVID-19, Racism, and Public Health Infrastructure." American Journal of Public Health 111, S3 (October 2021): S172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306505.
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Altschuler, Sari, and Priscilla Wald. "COVID-19 and the Language of Racism." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 47, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/715487.
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Devakumar, Delan, Geordan Shannon, Sunil S. Bhopal, and Ibrahim Abubakar. "Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses." Lancet 395, no. 10231 (April 2020): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30792-3.
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Wu, Tsu-Yin, Olivia Ford, Alice Jo Rainville, Xining Yang, Chong Man Chow, Sarah Lally, Rachel Bessire, and Jessica Donnelly. "Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccine, Racism, and Social Vulnerability: An Examination among East Asian Americans, Southeast Asian Americans, South Asian Americans, and Others." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081333.
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As COVID-19 vaccines are readily available and most U.S. adults who are enthusiastic about the vaccine have received it, motivating those who have not been vaccinated to accept it has become a challenge. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms behind COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Asian American ethnic groups, including how sociodemographic characteristics and racism predict COVID-19 and vaccine perceptions. The study also examined associations between social vulnerability and COVID-19 and vaccine perceptions. Social vulnerability is defined as the degree to which a community is able to prepare and respond to a natural or man-made disaster. This cross-sectional study used community-based survey data collected from April to September 2021. Study measures included demographics, perceptions of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, and racism-related experiences. The results showed that, compared to Non-Asians, East Asians reported that they had significantly more challenges accessing COVID-19 vaccines, and South Asians reported significantly higher safety concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. Our study also found that racism experience mediates the association between race/ethnicity and safety concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. Three Asian subgroups (East Asians, South Asians, and Southeast Asians) experienced more racism (compared to Non-Asians), and more experience of racism was related to greater safety concerns. Geographical Information System (GIS) maps revealed that residents of lower social vulnerability index (SVI) areas reported fewer unfairness perceptions and that higher SVI areas had lower vaccine accessibility and trust in public health agencies. Our study advances the understanding of racism, social vulnerability, and COVID-19 vaccine-related perceptions among Asian Americans. The findings have implications for policymakers and community leaders with respect to tailoring COVID-19 program efforts for socially vulnerable populations and Asian American groups that experience greater challenges regarding vaccine safety concerns and accessibility.
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Lu, Peiyi, Dexia Kong, and Mack Shelley. "Discrimination and Mental Health During the Black Lives Matter Movement and the COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1858.
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Abstract Discrimination has been more prevalent since the pandemic. Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement flourished in the summer of 2020 as protests against police brutality and racial injustice. However, the extent to which individuals’ discrimination experiences and associated mental health outcomes change amid a global pandemic and a dramatic societal movement in American society remains unknown. This study examines the dynamic relationship of racism and/or Covid-19-related discrimination with changes in mental health in the context of BLM and Covid-19. Data were from U.S. adults (age ≥18) who completed the online Understanding Coronavirus in America survey in June and September of 2020 (n=3,502). Respondents were asked to attribute their discrimination experience to 8 main reasons: (1) Covid-19; (2) national origin/race/skin color; (3) gender/sexual orientation; (4) age; (5) physical feature; (6) education/income; (7) health condition; and (8) religion/other. Quasi-Poisson regression models examined the associations between discrimination and anxiety/depression/stress. Results indicated about 33% of respondents reported discrimination in June compared to 21% in September. Racism was significantly associated with more anxiety/depression/stress in June, but not in September or in the longitudinal trend. Covid-19-related discrimination was associated with elevated levels of anxiety/depression/stress in September and in the longitudinal trend, but not in June 2020. We concluded that individuals’ discrimination experiences are shaped by societal contexts. Specifically, racism was the dominant discrimination attribution in June 2020 when BLM was at its peak. However, Covid-19 discrimination overtook racism as the primary attribution and showed a significant relationship with poorer mental health over time.
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Pestine-Stevens, Althea, and Emily Greenfield. "Teaching Anti-Racism in an Aging Services Course: Lessons Developed and Lessons Learned." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.470.
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Abstract Despite high levels of racial disparities in health and well-being among older adults, curricula addressing how aging services systems contribute to or work to ameliorate these disparities are scarce. This paper introduces a module on inequalities and anti-racism in aging developed for an online course on aging services within a Master of Social Work program. First, materials that help students identify and understand racial inequalities in aging and in the programs that serve older adults are presented. Next, students are introduced to the applied context of how COVID-19 has exacerbated these inequalities. Finally, students critically engage in reflections and assessments of the available resources within aging services and advocacy organizations, providing recommendations for how these systems may better incorporate anti-racist practices. Challenges and opportunities will be discussed, including piloting this module in a virtual, asynchronous environment.
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Khairur Rizki, Ayu Putri Khairunnisa, and Mahmuluddin. "GERAKAN STOP ASIAN HATE: SEBUAH RESPONS RASISME TERHADAP KETURUNAN ASIA DI AMERIKA SERIKAT." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i2.404.
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This paper analyzes the response to racism experienced by Asian descent in the United States through the Stop Asian Hate movement. By using qualitative research methods and the use of critical race theory, it can be seen the various impacts of racism. This paper also uses the theory of new social movements which is elaborated with the concept of Connective Action to dissect the collective movements of society such as forming non-profit organizations, demonstrations, advocacy, and campaigns through digital media as an effort to protect Asian descendants in America. Racism against Asian descent in the United States continues to escalate even to the point of murder. Racism against Asian descent also experienced an increase in the era of President Donald Trump's leadership along with the spread of the Covid-19 Virus Pandemic in the United States in early 2020. Trump's racist personality has increasingly made hate crimes against Asian descent flourish
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Njoku, Anuli, Marcelin Joseph, and Rochelle Felix. "Changing the Narrative: Structural Barriers and Racial and Ethnic Inequities in COVID-19 Vaccination." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 9904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189904.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States. Although a promising solution of the COVID-19 vaccination offers hope, disparities in access again threaten the health of these communities. Various explanations have arisen for the cause of disparate vaccination rates among racial and ethnic minorities, including discussion of vaccine hesitancy. Conversely, the role of vaccine accessibility rooted in structural racism as a driver in these disparities should be further explored. This paper discusses the impact of structural barriers on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We also recommend public health, health system, and community-engaged approaches to reduce racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and mortality.
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Lightfoot, Alexandra F., Caroline R. Efird, and Erika M. Redding. "Developing an Antiracist Lens: Using Photography to Facilitate Public Health Critical Race Praxis in a Foundational MPH Course." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 7, no. 4 (December 2021): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23733799211045712.
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Racism is a critical determinant of health that affects outcomes; shapes practice, policy, research, and interventions; and disproportionately burdens nondominant racial populations. The racial justice challenges of today, combined with persistent health inequities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have intensified the need for racial equity–minded public health professionals. Because training programs play a key role in developing professionals, they must center teaching about racism and promoting antiracism within their curricula. The critical race theory–grounded strategy Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) provides a useful framework, calling for examination of how racism operates within individuals and the systems, such as public health, in which they work. Foundational public health courses provide a vital opportunity to launch such an examination and lay the groundwork for antiracism praxis. This article offers a curricular model that integrates PCHRP with a creative approach to facilitate exploration of racial identity among public health students. Students in our course use photography and written reflections to create dual portraits, one depicting how they see themselves and the other imagining how they might be seen by others in our racialized society. Our pedagogical process prompts critical self-reflection about racial identity, a crucial foundation for addressing the health consequences of structural racism. Spurred by creative inquiry, students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds tell us that our course boosts their racial consciousness, enhances their understanding and ability to engage diverse communities, equips them to see and name racism in the public health context, and galvanizes them to work toward dismantling it.
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Kusumadewi, Farras Kartika, and Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin. "Racism: A Part of History That Has Never Been Lost." Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v5i2.12966.
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There have been many cases of racism in its history that have occurred from ancient times to the present. Many factors cause racial conflicts. Factors that often trigger these actions, among others, are due to injustice, oppression, and racial discrimination by certain groups against other groups. In America itself, the era of slavery was a dark period in American history. This article aims to find out the impact and solutions to the problem of racism in general. How to find out the impact and solution to the problem of racism is to examine some of the cases that have occurred recently. The method used in this research is qualitative-descriptive with a literature review method to analyze data with 20 sources from books, journal articles, theses and websites. The findings of this study reveal that cases of racism still occur today, for example, last year because of the COVID-19 problem that initially occurred in Wuhan, China, Asian people received hatred from citizens and Western media. There are many factors that cause racial conflict, and the triggers vary in each country that experiences it, among others, because of injustice, oppression, and racial discrimination by certain groups against other groups. Through cases of racism that have occurred, one thing that according to the researcher can be concluded is how before the conflict between groups occurred, actually it started from problems that occurred between individuals. Tolerance is the main thing to stem this kind of thing.
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Tedam, Prospera, and Tam Cane. "“We started talking about race and racism after George Floyd”: insights from research into practitioner preparedness for anti-racist social work practice in England." Critical and Radical Social Work 10, no. 2 (August 2022): 260–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204986022x16547711540394.
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The events of 2020, notably, the murder of George Floyd and the global COVID-19 pandemic, brought issues of race and racism into sharp focus in social work education, research and practice. In the UK, the Black Lives Matter movement contributed to raising awareness of the existence and effects of racism, and the need for anti-racist practice in all areas of social work; yet, surprisingly, some social workers alleged to have first heard the term ‘anti-racist practice’ after the murder of George Floyd, while others claimed a basic understanding of what it meant in practice. This article reports the findings from a qualitative study with 67 social workers about their preparedness for anti-racist practice with service users at the point of qualification and after their assessed and supported year in employment. A proposal for race intentionality as opposed to race evasiveness is made.
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Dutta, Krishan. "REVIEW: No return to ‘normal’ when the pandemic has exposed global inequalities." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 27, no. 1and2 (September 30, 2021): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1210.
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COVID-19, Racism and Politicization: Media in the Midst of a Pandemic, edited by Kalinga Seneviratne and Sundeep R. Muppidi. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2021. 230 pages. ISBN: 9781527570894
WHILE the COVID-19 pandemic’s relentless cyclone continues across the globe wreaking havoc on economies and social systems, this book sheds light on the adversarial reporting culture of the media, and how it impacts on racism and politicisation driving the coverage. It explores the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of national and international media, and governments, in the initial coverage of the developing crisis.
COVID-19, Racism and Politicization: Media in the Midst of a Pandemic, edited by Kalinga Seneviratne and Sundeep R. Muppidi
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Chan, Christian D., and Stacey Diane Arañez Litam. "Mental Health Equity of Filipino Communities in COVID-19: A Framework for Practice and Advocacy." Professional Counselor 11, no. 1 (March 2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/cdc.11.1.73.
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The emergence and global spread of COVID-19 precipitated a massive public health crisis combined with multiple incidents of racial discrimination and violence toward Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities. Although East Asian communities are more frequently targeted for instances of pandemic-related racial discrimination, multiple disparities converge upon Filipino communities that affect their access to mental health care in light of COVID-19. This article empowers professional counselors to support the Filipino community by addressing three main areas: (a) describing how COVID-19 contributes to racial microaggressions and institutional racism toward Filipino communities; (b) underscoring how COVID-19 exacerbates exposure to stressors and disparities that influence help-seeking behaviors and utilization of counseling among Filipinos; and (c) outlining how professional counselors can promote racial socialization, outreach, and mental health equity with Filipino communities to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.
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Phoenix, Ann. "(Re)inspiring Narratives of Resistance: COVID-19, Racisms and Narratives of Hope." Social Sciences 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100470.
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In 2020, COVID-19 took many people by surprise, as did the intercontinental waves of protest triggered by the casual racist murder of George Floyd by a US policeman. The years of 2020 and 2021 will undoubtedly be remembered for massive, unexpected disruptions that require new social normalities to be negotiated. These social disruptions were triggered by unexpected viral pandemics and viral video footage. Yet they built on already existing, entrenched inequities marked by the intersections of racialisation/ethnicisation, social class and gender. It was common, in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, for politicians and commentators to espouse a narrative that COVID-19 “does not discriminate”. This is, of course, true. However, the research analyses that followed showed that both COVID-19, and the measures taken to arrest it, exacerbated already existing social inequalities. This paper draws on two narratives of the racialized impact of COVID-19 to examine the ways in which the authors mobilise intertextual narratives to protest against racism and call for resistance to the racisms they identify. The paper argues that, while the authors do not overtly position themselves as calling for change, their narratives are crafted in ways that resist current constructions of their racialized or religious groups.