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Fontenot, Holly B., Deborah B. Mattheus, Eunjung Lim, Alexandra Michel, Nicole Ryan, Amelia Knopf, Nadia N. Abuelezam, et al. "Undergraduate nursing students’ COVID-19 vaccine intentions: A national survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 22, 2021): e0261669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261669.
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Introduction In December 2020, the first two COVID-19 vaccines were approved in the United States (U.S.) and recommended for distribution to front-line personnel, including nurses. Nursing students are being prepared to fill critical gaps in the health care workforce and have played important supportive roles during the current pandemic. Research has focused on vaccine intentions of current health care providers and less is known about students’ intentions to vaccinate for COVID-19. Methods A national sample of undergraduate nursing students were recruited across five nursing schools in five U.S. regions in December 2020. The survey measured perceived risk/threat of COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccine attitudes, perceived safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, sources for vaccine information and level of intention to become vaccinated [primary, secondary (i.e., delayed), or no intention to vaccinate]. Results The final sample consisted of 772 students. The majority (83.6%) had intentions to be vaccinated, however of those 31.1% indicated secondary intention, a delay in intention or increased hesitancy). The strongest predictors of primary intention were positive attitudes (OR = 6.86; CI = 4.39–10.72), having lower safety concerns (OR = 0.26; CI = 0.18–0.36), and consulting social media as a source of information (OR = 1.56; CI = 1.23–1.97). Asian (OR = 0.47; CI = 0.23–0.97) and Black (OR 0.26; CI = 0.08–0.80) students were more likely to indicate secondary intention as compared to primary intention. Students in the Midwest were most likely to indicate no intention as compared to secondary intention (OR = 4.6; CI = 1.32–16.11). Conclusions As the first two COVID-19 vaccines were approved/recommended in the U.S. nursing students had overall high intentions to vaccinate. Findings can guide development of educational interventions that reduce concerns of vaccine safety that are delivered in a way that is supportive and affirming to minoritized populations while being respectful of geo-political differences.
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Tong, Kwok Kit, Mu He, Anise M. S. Wu, Le Dang, and Juliet Honglei Chen. "Cognitive Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory Using a Probability Community Sample." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101170.
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COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to provide protection against severe disease and death. However, substantial individual differences in vaccination intentions have hindered achieving optimal vaccination rates across the population. To look for efficient strategies to promote vaccination, this study tested whether the protection motivation theory (PMT), a cognitive model based upon threat and coping appraisals, would account for the differences in vaccination intentions under three scenarios (i.e., in the context of getting vaccinated in general, and in the context of high- and low- efficacy for reducing COVID-19 transmission risk). A phone survey was conducted in early 2021 and obtained a probability community sample (n = 472; 49.2% men) in Macao, China. We found that 54.0% of respondents indicated their relatively strong intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination for high-efficacy vaccines, compared to 29.5% for low-efficacy vaccines and 31.0% for vaccines in general. After adjusting for demographics, self-efficacy (i.e., the perceived capability of receiving COVID-19 vaccines) and maladaptive response reward (i.e., the perceived benefits of not receiving COVID-19 vaccines) were consistently associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions under all three scenarios. The perceived severity of COVID-19 infection and response cost (i.e., the perceived costs of receiving COVID-19 vaccines) were significantly associated with vaccination intention for high-efficacy vaccines, while the response efficacy of lowering the COVID-19 impact with COVID-19 vaccination was positively associated with vaccination intention for general and low-efficacy vaccines. Given that the relative strength of PMT constructs depends on perceived vaccine efficacy, we recommend taking PMT constructs and vaccine efficacy into account for encouraging vaccination.
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Li, Lu, Jian Wang, Stephen Nicholas, Elizabeth Maitland, Anli Leng, and Rugang Liu. "The Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in China: Insights from Protection Motivation Theory." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050445.
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(1) Background: More coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are gradually being developed and marketed. Improving the vaccination intention will be the key to increasing the vaccination rate in the future; (2) Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination intentions, protection motivation and control variables. Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to analyze the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine; (3) Results: Although the vaccine was free, 17.75% of the 2377 respondents did not want, or were hesitant, to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents’ cognition of vaccine safety, external reward and response efficacy were positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intention, while age, income and response cost were negatively related to the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Professionals and people without medical insurance had the lowest intention to vaccinate; (4) Conclusions: The older aged, people without health insurance, those with higher incomes and professionals should be treated as the key intervention targets. Strengthening publicity and education about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, training vaccinated people and community leaders as propagandists for the vaccine, and improving the accessibility to the COVID-19 vaccine are recommended to improve COVID-19 vaccination intention.
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Lo, Shih-Yu, Shu-Chu Sarrina Li, and Tai-Yee Wu. "Exploring Psychological Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in Taiwan." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070764.
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To underpin the psychological factors for vaccination intention, we explored the variables related to positive and negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan. The data were collected via an online survey platform with a sample size of 1100 in April 2021. We found that people’s interpretations of the origin of the virus were relevant. People who tended to believe that the virus was artificially created felt powerless and were more concerned about the possible side-effects of the vaccines, which was negatively associated with their vaccination intention. The source of vaccine recommendation was found to be relevant to vaccination intention. People’s vaccination intention was highest if the vaccines were recommended by health professionals, followed by friends and the government, and then mainstream media and social media. The analysis of the demographic variables showed that men tended to be more receptive to vaccines than women. Our findings should provide insights into developing communication strategies to effectively promote vaccination intentions.
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Soares, Patricia, João Victor Rocha, Marta Moniz, Ana Gama, Pedro Almeida Laires, Ana Rita Pedro, Sónia Dias, Andreia Leite, and Carla Nunes. "Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy." Vaccines 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030300.
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It is critical to develop tailored strategies to increase acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and decrease hesitancy. Hence, this study aims to assess and identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal. We used data from a community-based survey, “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion”, which includes data regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccines, health status, and risk perception in Portugal from September 2020 to January 2021. We used multinomial regression to identify factors associated with intention to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal was high: 56% would wait and 9% refuse. Several factors were associated with both refusal and delay: being younger, loss of income during the pandemic, no intention of taking the flu vaccine, low confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and the health service response during the pandemic, worse perception of government measures, perception of the information provided as inconsistent and contradictory, and answering the questionnaire before the release of information regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. It is crucial to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine as its perceived safety and efficacy were strongly associated with intention to take the vaccine. Governments and health authorities should improve communication and increase trust.
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Dowdle, Travis S., Jeff Dennis, Kenneth M. Nugent, and Theresa Byrd. "Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine by U.S. Health Sciences University Employees." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272110366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211036611.
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Objectives: Understanding vaccine intentions and attitudes of health professionals is critical as the Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna COVID19 vaccines are being administered throughout the United States. This study estimates the level of vaccine hesitancy at a health sciences center in West Texas prior to the distribution of the vaccines. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was performed via anonymous Qualtrics survey administered to approximately 4500 faculty, staff, postdoctoral research associates/medical residents, and employees at a multi-campus health sciences university in the United States. Respondents were asked demographic questions and intention to receive the vaccine. Factors associated with the intention to receive a vaccine were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total sample of 2258 subjects were evaluated (50.0% response rate). Among all respondents, 64.6% reported that they would probably or definitely receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Men had higher levels of intention to receive the vaccine (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.64-2.71); respondents who indicated yearly influenza vaccines are necessary were also more likely to receive the vaccine (OR = 6.04, 95% CI 4.70-7.75). Eighty-three percent of faculty and 56% of the staff reported intention to receive the vaccine. Respondents who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 reported more interest in receiving the vaccine (58.5% yes vs 41.5% no). Conclusion: In this study, the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccination at a United States health sciences center falls below the necessary herd immunity estimates. Public health initiatives must be developed to decrease vaccine hesitancy, especially among health professionals.
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Wassler, Philipp, Giacomo Del Chiappa, Thi Hong Hai Nguyen, Giancarlo Fedeli, and Nigel L. Williams. "Increasing vaccination intention in pandemic times: a social marketing perspective." Italian Journal of Marketing 2022, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43039-022-00049-w.
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AbstractWith the release of several COVID-19 vaccines, hopes for ending the pandemic have emerged. However, the uptake of the vaccines is largely voluntary and depends on the intentions of the public. From a social marketing perspective, this study takes the case of Italy to identify and test factors that are likely to increase COVID-19-vaccine intention. A sample of 3893 respondents was collected throughout Italy and a model empirically tested by structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that a social marketing campaign for undertaking COVID-19 vaccines should educate the public, going beyond just safety and efficacy, and create positive social norms by combatting misinformation on various platforms, including social media. Furthermore, it was found that economic hardship from COVID-19 does not automatically translate to vaccination intention and that social marketing campaigns should particularly target economically vulnerable and important segments. Also, instilling a craving for travel could potentially stimulate citizens to undertake COVID-19 inoculation. Finally, contributions and implications for social marketing COVID-19 vaccines in Italy and elsewhere are addressed.
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Yang, Zheng, Xi Luo, and Hepeng Jia. "Is It All a Conspiracy? Conspiracy Theories and People’s Attitude to COVID-19 Vaccination." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101051.
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A large body of research has found that people’s beliefs in conspiracy theories about infectious diseases negatively impacts their health behaviors concerning vaccination. Conspiracy belief-based vaccination hesitancy has become more rampant after the global outbreak of COVID-19. However, some important questions remain unanswered. For instance, do different versions of conspiracy theories—particularly conspiracy theories about the origin of the epidemic (e.g., that the SARS-CoV-2 leaked from a Wuhan virology laboratory or that the virus was of foreign origin) and the general theories about vaccine conspiracies (e.g., pharmaceutical companies covered up the danger of vaccines or people are being deceived about the effectiveness of vaccines)—have the same effect on vaccination intentions? Through a national survey adopting quota sampling in China, the current study tested the relationship between people’s conspiracy beliefs and their intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. The findings show that people’s embrace of conspiracy theories did indeed affect their intention to take COVID-19 shots. However, only conspiracy theories related to vaccines had a significant impact, while belief in more general theories about COVID-19 did not significantly affect vaccination intentions. People’s knowledge of vaccines (vaccine literacy) played an important role in this relationship. People with lower beliefs in vaccines conspiracy theories and higher levels of vaccine literacy were more likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Barnes, Kirsten, and Ben Colagiuri. "Positive Attribute Framing Increases COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Intention for Unfamiliar Vaccines." Vaccines 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060962.
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Positive framing has been proposed as an intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccination intentions. However, available research has examined fictitious or unfamiliar treatments. This pre-registered study (aspredicted#78369) compared the effect of standard negatively framed EU patient information leaflets (PILs), with new positively framed PILs, on booster intentions (measured pre- and post-intervention) for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. A representative sample of 1222 UK-based adults was randomised to one of six groups in a factorial design with framing (Positive vs. Negative) and vaccine familiarity (same (as previous), familiar, unfamiliar) as factors. The benefit of positive framing was hypothesised to be strongest for the least familiar vaccine (Moderna). Framing was moderated by familiarity, where only the unfamiliar vaccine showed a benefit of positive relative to negative Framing. Framing and familiarity also interacted with baseline Intention with the effect of framing on the unfamiliar vaccine especially pronounced at low baseline Intent. Conversely, standard negative framing appeared to increase intentions for familiar vaccines at low baseline intent. Findings provide important evidence that positive framing could improve vaccine uptake globally when switches or new developments require individuals to receive less familiar vaccines. Positive framing of familiar vaccines, however, should be treated with caution until better understood.
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Choe, YeonHui, and Jieun Cha. "Factors Influencing Clinical Nurse’s Intention for Acquiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination." Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics 47, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2022.47.1.48.
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Objectives: This study investigated psychosocial factors that influence nurse’s intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. We focused on factors including COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to COVID-19 vaccines, social contexts, and demographics.Methods: Data were collected from 200 nurses at five hospitals in Daegu between 12 April and 19 June 2021. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, safety concerns, COVID-19 exposure, demographics, and the intention to get COVID-19 vaccines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchial multiple regression.Results: Of 200 participants, 180 (90.0%) reported an intention to obtain a vaccination against COVID-19. Among four health beliefs towards COVID-19 vaccines, perceived severity was the highest. Perceived benefits (r = 0.42, p< 0.001) were positively associated with vaccination intention, while perceived barriers (r = -0.32, p< 0.001) and safety concerns (r = -0.20, p< 0.001) negatively influenced vaccination intention. There were differences in the scores for vaccination intention according to hospital grade and work department. According to the regression analysis, perceived benefits and barriers were discovered to account for 21% of the variance in vaccination intention.Conclusions: This study offers a timely overview of psychosocial factors that are related to nurses’ intention to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The vaccines’ benefits need to be highlighted in campaigns and educations, and it is imperative to remain transparent and truthful in communications about the vaccine safety.
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AlShurman, Bara’ Abdallah, Amber Fozia Khan, Christina Mac, Meerab Majeed, and Zahid Ahmad Butt. "What Demographic, Social, and Contextual Factors Influence the Intention to Use COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 9342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179342.
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Background: During the COVID-19 crisis, an apparent growth in vaccine hesitancy has been noticed due to different factors and reasons. Therefore, this scoping review was performed to determine the prevalence of intention to use COVID-19 vaccines among adults aged 18–60, and to identify the demographic, social, and contextual factors that influence the intention to use COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by using the methodological framework for scoping review outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. A search strategy was carried out on four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. All peer-reviewed articles published between November 2019 and December 2020 were reviewed. Data were extracted to identify the prevalence of, and factors that influence, the intention to use COVID-19 vaccines. Results: A total of 48 relevant articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Outcomes presented fell into seven themes: demographics, social factors, vaccination beliefs and attitudes, vaccine-related perceptions, health-related perceptions, perceived barriers, and vaccine recommendations. Age, gender, education level, race/ethnicity, vaccine safety and effectiveness, influenza vaccination history, and self-protection from COVID-19 were the most prominent factors associated with intention to use COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, the majority of studies (n = 34/48) reported a relatively high prevalence of intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19, with a range from 60% to 93%. Conclusion: This scoping review enables the creation of demographic, social, and contextual constructs associated with intention to vaccinate among the adult population. These factors are likely to play a major role in any targeted vaccination programs, particularly COVID-19 vaccination. Thus, our review suggests focusing on the development of strategies to promote the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and to overcome vaccine hesitancy and refusal. These strategies could include transparent communication, social media engagement, and the initiation of education programs.
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Ahmed, Mohammedjud Hassen, Shuma Gosha Kanfe, and Mohammedamin Hajure Jarso. "Intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19 and associated factors among health professionals working at public hospitals in resource limited settings." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): e0254391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254391.
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Backgrounds Health professionals are among the frontline of COVID-19 pandemic exposure and identified as a priority target group that need to receive COVID-19 vaccines. However, intention to receive vaccine is still matters the extent of COVID-19 vaccinations among health professionals. This study aimed to assess intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that will determine their intention among health professionals working at public hospitals of Illu Aba Bora and Buno Bedelle zone hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional study design was applied to assess the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines among health professionals working in public health hospitals of Illu Aba Bora and Buno Bedelle zone hospitals. Self-administered questionnaire were used for assessing intention to receive COVID-19 Vaccine. Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine with p-value< 0.05 as cutoff point for statistical significance at 95% confidence interval (CI). Result In this study, almost half of respondents 217(53.1% [95.0%: CI 49.3–58.9]) of study participants scored above the mean. Attitude (β = 0.54, 95% CI: [0.49, 0.63], p<0.01), knowledge (β = 0.27, 95% CI: [0.21, 0.35], p<0.01, perception (β = 0.43, 95% CI: [0.39, 0.56], p = 0.02 and age (β = 0.64, 95% CI: [0.51, 0.72], p<0.01 were variables associated with intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19. Conclusions This study result indicated that the overall magnitude of intention to receive COVID-19 is low. increasing attitudes, knowledge and perception among health professionals related to COVID-19 vaccine will helps to increase the overall intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19.
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Del Riccio, Marco, Angela Bechini, Primo Buscemi, Paolo Bonanni, and Sara Boccalini. "Reasons for the Intention to Refuse COVID-19 Vaccination and Their Association with Preferred Sources of Information in a Nationwide, Population-Based Sample in Italy, before COVID-19 Vaccines Roll Out." Vaccines 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060913.
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Sources of information on health and vaccines such as social media, online forums, televisions, and newspapers contributed to the spread of information related to COVID-19 and, in some cases, misinformation and vaccine hesitancy. Understanding what can influence the intention to refuse COVID-19 vaccination may help to plan future public health strategies aimed at increasing vaccination coverage. This study aimed to assess the reasons for the intention to refuse the COVID-19 vaccines and the possible association between these reasons and the preferred sources of information on vaccines. An anonymous online survey was shared among the general adult population living in Italy. Only participants aged 18 or older and living in Italy were considered eligible. The questionnaires that reported the intention to refuse COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed. A total of 677 participants (from 7563 valid questionnaires) reported the intention to refuse to vaccinate against COVID-19. Most of them used search engines (n = 390, 57.6%) to seek information about vaccines, while the fear of adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine was the most mentioned reason for being unwilling to get vaccinated (n = 402, 59.4%). These data may be important to build new knowledge on the impact that different sources of information can have on the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
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Oduwole, Elizabeth O., Tonya M. Esterhuizen, Hassan Mahomed, and Charles S. Wiysonge. "Estimating Vaccine Confidence Levels among Healthcare Staff and Students of a Tertiary Institution in South Africa." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111246.
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Healthcare workers were the first group scheduled to receive COVID-19 vaccines when they became available in South Africa. Therefore, estimating vaccine confidence levels and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers ahead of the national vaccination roll-out was imperative. We conducted an online survey from 4 February to 7 March 2021, to assess vaccine sentiments and COVID-19 vaccine intentions among healthcare staff and students at a tertiary institution in South Africa. We enrolled 1015 participants (74.7% female). Among the participants, 89.5% (confidence interval (CI) 87.2–91.4) were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, 95.4% (CI 93.9–96.6) agreed that vaccines are important for them, 95.4% (CI 93.8–96.6) that vaccines are safe, 97.4% (CI 96.2–98.3) that vaccines are effective, and 96.1% (CI 94.6–97.2) that vaccines are compatible with religion. Log binomial regression revealed statistically significant positive associations between COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and the belief that vaccines are safe (relative risk (RR) 32.2, CI 4.67–221.89), effective (RR 21.4, CI 3.16–145.82), important for children (RR 3.5, CI 1.78–6.99), important for self (RR 18.5, CI 4.78–71.12), or compatible with religion (RR 2.2, CI 1.46–3.78). The vaccine confidence levels of the study respondents were highly positive. Nevertheless, this could be further enhanced by targeted interventions.
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Yan, Elsie, Daniel W. L. Lai, and Vincent W. P. Lee. "Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in the General Public in Hong Kong: Findings from a Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070696.
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Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of COVID-19. Understanding factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines is the key to a successful vaccination programme. This cross-sectional study explored the rate of vaccination intention and identified its predictors using the health belief model (HBM) in the general population in Hong Kong during the pandemic. Data were collected between December 2020 and January 2021 via telephone surveys. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 1255 adults (>18 years, 53% female) completed the telephone survey. Overall, 42% indicated an intention to vaccinate, 31.5% showed vaccine hesitancy, and 26.5% reported refusal to receive any COVID-19 vaccines. Individuals who were men, older in age, working, with past experiences of other pandemics, less concerned with the vaccine safety, with poorer knowledge about COVID-19, and having greater levels of perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, cues to action, and acceptance of governmental preventive measures related to COVID-19 were significantly more likely to report an intention to vaccinate. The low intention among the Hong Kong population reflects the importance of developing effective vaccination promotion campaigns with the predictors identified in this study.
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Handebo, Simegnew, Maereg Wolde, Kegnie Shitu, and Ayenew Kassie. "Determinant of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among school teachers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): e0253499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253499.
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Background Scientists across the world are working on innovating a successful vaccine that will save lives and end COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) is working to make sure COVID-19 vaccines can be safely delivered to all those who need them. Indeed, the successful deployment and a sufficient uptake of vaccines is equally important. Acceptance and accessibility of such vaccine is a key indicator of vaccination coverage. Objective This study aimed to assess the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among school teachers in Gondar City. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2020 to January, 2021. A total of 301 school teachers selected using stratified simple random sampling were included. Descriptive analysis such as medians, means, proportions, standard deviations and frequencies were computed. Linear regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results The median intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was 3.33 with interquartile range of 2.67–4.0. Of the participants 54.8% had scored above the median of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine score. 54% variance in intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was explained by the independent variables. Being affiliated with other category of religion, bachelor degree educational status, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and cues to action were significantly associated with the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The median score of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was 3.33. Socio-demographic and health beliefs influenced the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the study participant. Policy makers and stakeholders should focus on strong health promotion about risks of the pandemic, benefit, safety, and efficacy of vaccination.
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Maki, Wakana, Kazue Ishitsuka, Koushi Yamaguchi, and Naho Morisaki. "Vaccine Literacy, COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Concerns, and Intention to Recommend COVID-19 Vaccines of Healthcare Workers in a Pediatric and Maternity Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091482.
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Vaccine literacy of healthcare workers (HCWs) may affect the COVID-19 vaccine uptake of the general population. This study aimed to clarify the vaccine literacy level of HCWs in Japan and its impacts on their concerns about vaccines and intention to recommend that others receive vaccines. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2021 based on the recruitment of HCWs in a pediatric and maternity hospital and research center in Tokyo, Japan. All HCWs in this center had the chance to receive the COVID-19 vaccine before the survey, and their vaccine coverage was relatively high, at 95%. A total of 1519 workers answered the questionnaire. The results showed that HCWs with lower functional vaccine literacy had 1.5 times as many concerns about the efficacy of vaccines and 1.6 times as many concerns about the future side effects compared with those with higher literacy. Further, HCWs with higher vaccine literacy were more likely to recommend that older people, people with comorbidities, and pregnant women receive vaccines. Our findings suggest that high vaccine literacy alleviates concerns about COVID-19 vaccines and raised the intention to recommend vaccines to others. To achieve high vaccine coverage, countermeasures such as personalized education are essential.
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Septianingrum, Yurike, Nety Mawarda Hatmanti, Evita Muslima I.P., Made Indra Astarini, Fresty Africia, Devin Prihar Ninuk, and Ike Nesdia Rahmawati. "Intention of nurses to accept covid-19 vaccination." Bali Medical Journal 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 1273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.2885.
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Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had spread worldwide. Nurses as health care workers (HCWs) are at great risk of contracting the virus, so they are prioritized for accepting the Covid-19 vaccination. This study aimed to determine the intention of nurses to accept the covid-19 vaccination. Method: This online survey was given to all nurses in East Java who are scheduled to get the Covid-19 vaccine and had not been confirmed of Covid-19. This survey was conducted during 20th-27th February 2021 and distributed through social media. Data analysis used using an ordinal logistic regression.Result: A total of 150 nurses in East Java responded to this survey. Most of the participants were female (68.67%), aged 30-39 years (59.33%), married (67,33%), worked less than 10 years (58.33%), graduated from Ners (60%), worked in non-covid rooms (70 %), had good knowledge about vaccines (85,33%), and had no anxiety about receiving the covid-19 vaccine (66%). There were 69.33% of nurses intend to accept vaccination, 14% had no intention to accept vaccination, and 16.67% were still unsure. Intention to accept vaccination was influenced by marital status (p= 0.043) and anxiety level (p=0.041).Conclusion: The intention to accept the COVID-19 vaccination reached 69,33% among nurses. The intention to refuse and hesitate to accept vaccines was caused by doubts about the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine.
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Xin, Meiqi, Sitong Luo, Rui She, Xi Chen, Liping Li, Lijuan Li, Xiaojun Chen, and Joseph T. F. Lau. "The Impact of Social Media Exposure and Interpersonal Discussion on Intention of COVID-19 Vaccination among Nurses." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101204.
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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses is a global public health concern and it is imperative to understand associated factors. Information environment plays a critical role in shaping health behaviors, while few studies explored such effects in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1902 nurses in China. The study investigated the effects of social media exposure/interpersonal discussion on intention of COVID-19 vaccination and tested whether perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (perceived vaccine efficacy, perceived duration of protection, and perceived effectiveness in preventing resurgences) mediated such associations. Results showed that about 68.0% and 56.5% of the participants had an intention of free and self-paid COVID-19 vaccinations, respectively. Frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion were positively associated with vaccination intentions. Perceived vaccine efficacy significantly mediated the effects of frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion, whereas perceived effectiveness in preventing resurgences suppressed the effects of frequent social media exposure. In conclusion, the prevalence of intention of COVID-19 vaccination was relatively low among Chinese nurses and health promotion is needed. Frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion potentially enhanced vaccination intentions via increased perceived vaccine efficacy. The findings can help inform the development of relevant health communication interventions.
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Allen, Jennifer D., Leticia Priebe Rocha, Rebecca Rose, Annmarie Hoch, Thalia Porteny, Adriana Fernandes, and Heloisa Galvão. "Intention to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine among Brazilian immigrant women in the U.S." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 26, 2022): e0274912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274912.
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Background COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted low-income immigrant communities. There is concern that the current uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is suboptimal and that this may be contributing to COVID-19 inequities. However, little is known about the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among immigrants in the U.S. Our goal was to gauge COVID-19 vaccine intentions among Brazilian immigrant women living in the U.S. Methods We conducted an online survey between July and August 2020 offered in Portuguese and English languages among a convenience sample of Brazilian immigrant women ages 18 years and older. Women were recruited through online advertisements by community-based organizations and social media groups to complete a survey that assessed intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine, attitudes toward vaccines, and perceptions about the pandemic. Results Of the total sample (N = 353), most (70.8%) indicated they intended to get a COVID-19 vaccine. In bivariate analyses, vaccine intentions were significantly associated with perceptions about the severity of the pandemic, trusted sources of health information, and the number of years lived in the U.S. Multinomial logistic regression models revealed that those who did not intend to be vaccinated had lived a longer time in the U.S. (OR: -0.12 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05), perceived the pandemic to be a minor issue (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 0.62, 2.42), and trusted information from social networks (OR: -1.94, 95% CI: -3.25, -0.63) or private news sources (OR: -1.71, 95% CI: -2.78, -0.63). Conclusions While most women reported they would get a COVID-19 vaccine, efforts to reach those who may be hesitant should target those who have lived in the U.S. for longer periods of time and do not perceive the pandemic to be a major crisis. Healthcare providers may be particularly suited to deliver this information given high levels of trust.
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Zieneldien, Tarek, Janice Kim, Jessica Cao, and Chuanhai Cao. "COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Conditions and Future Prospects." Biology 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100960.
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It has been over a year since SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China. To curb the spread of the virus, many therapies and cures have been tested and developed, most notably mRNA and DNA vaccines. Federal health agencies (CDC, FDA) have approved emergency usage of these S gene-based vaccines with the intention of minimizing any further loss of lives and infections. It is crucial to assess which vaccines are the most efficacious by examining their effects on the immune system, and by providing considerations for new technological vaccine strategies in the future. This paper provides an overview of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with their mechanisms of action, current technologies utilized in manufacturing of the vaccines, and limitations in this new field with emerging data. Although the most popular COVID-19 vaccines have been proven effective, time will be the main factor in dictating which vaccine will be able to best address mutations and future infection.
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Gehrau, Volker, Sam Fujarski, Hannah Lorenz, Carla Schieb, and Bernd Blöbaum. "The Impact of Health Information Exposure and Source Credibility on COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094678.
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Due to the novelty and high transmission rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), direct medical countermeasures are urgently needed. Among actions against the further outbreak of COVID-19, vaccination has been considered as a chief candidate. However, the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has led to concern about their safety and thus to public vaccine hesitancy. Strategic heath communication channels, which are widely used and highly trusted, can contribute to more effective promotions of vaccination intention and to the reduction of misleading information about COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between the exposure to and credibility of different health information sources and the COVID-19 vaccination intention among 629 German adults. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regressions are employed to examine the research questions. Results reveal that, aside from reliable information from experts and health authorities, local newspapers also have a positive impact on COVID-19 vaccination intention. However, this effect diminishes to some extent when age is considered. In addition, alternative information sources pose a noticeable threat to COVID-19 vaccination intention. Therefore, a close cooperation between healthcare experts, health authorities, and mass media with regard to information dissemination is conducive for vaccination campaigns and for the fight against misleading claims about COVID-19 vaccines.
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Koesnoe, Sukamto, Tommy Hariman Siddiq, Dicky C. Pelupessy, Evy Yunihastuti, Ghina Shabrina Awanis, Alvina Widhani, Teguh Harjono Karjadi, et al. "Using Integrative Behavior Model to Predict COVID-19 Vaccination Intention among Health Care Workers in Indonesia: A Nationwide Survey." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050719.
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Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are a high-priority group for COVID-19 vaccination for several reasons. Health behavior theory-based studies on the intention or acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among Indonesian HCWs is lacking. Using an integrated behavioral model, this research sought to identify Indonesian health care workers’ intentions to obtain COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: A countrywide cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The questionnaire was constructed on the basis of IBM (integrated behavioral model) constructs and scored on a seven-point bipolar scale. A hierarchical multivariable regression was used to evaluate the fit of the predictor model as well as the correlations between variables in the study. Results: 3304 people responded to the survey. A model combining demographic and IBM characteristics predicted 42.5 percent (adjusted R2 = 0.42) of the COVID-19 vaccination intention. Vaccination intention was associated with favorable vaccine attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy. Among the determining constructs, behavior belief predicted vaccination intention the best. Being female, being married, having a history of COVID-19 infection, living outside Java Island, and having a low income were all linked to lower vaccination intentions. Conclusions: This study confirms the IBM model’s robustness in predicting health care workers’ intention to vaccinate against COVID-19.
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Batteux, Eleonore, Avri Bilovich, Samuel G. B. Johnson, and David Tuckett. "Negative consequences of failing to communicate uncertainties during a pandemic: an online randomised controlled trial on COVID-19 vaccines." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e051352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051352.
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ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the government communicating uncertainties relating to COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness on vaccination intention and trust after people are exposed to conflicting information.DesignExperimental design where participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups.SettingOnline.Participants328 adults from a UK research panel.InterventionParticipants received either certain or uncertain communications from a government representative about COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, before receiving conflicting information about effectiveness.Main outcome measuresVaccination intention and trust in government.ResultsCompared with those who received the uncertain announcement from the government, participants who received the certain announcement reported a greater loss of vaccination intention (d=0.34, 95% CI (0.12 to 0.56), p=0.002) and trust (d=0.34, 95% CI (0.12 to 0.56), p=0.002) after receiving conflicting information.ConclusionsCommunicating with certainty about COVID-19 vaccines reduces vaccination intention and trust if conflicting information arises, whereas communicating uncertainties can protect people from the negative impact of exposure to conflicting information. There are likely to be other factors affecting vaccine intentions, which we do not account for in this study.Trial registration numberOpen Science Framework: https://osf.io/c73px/.
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Kelkar, Amar H., Jodian A. Blake, Kartikeya Cherabuddi, Hailee Cornett, Bobbie L. McKee, and Christopher R. Cogle. "Vaccine Enthusiasm and Hesitancy in Cancer Patients and the Impact of a Webinar." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030351.
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(1) Background: Vaccine hesitancy and rejection are major threats to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a paucity of information about the attitudes of cancer patients towards vaccinations and the role of clinical oncologists in influencing vaccination acceptance. (2) Methods: Cancer patients and caregivers were invited to participate in a webinar and two surveys (pre- and post-webinar) assessing intention and thought processes associated with receiving COVID-19 vaccines. (3) Results: Two hundred and sixty-four participants participated in the webinar and registered to take at least one survey. Participants reported receiving most of their COVID-19 vaccine information from their doctor, clinic, or hospital. Before the webinar, 71% of participants reported the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, 24% were unsure, and 5% had no intention of receiving a vaccine. The strongest predictors of vaccine enthusiasm were (a) planning to encourage the vaccination of family, friends, co-workers, and community, and (b) physician recommendation. The chief reason for vaccine hesitancy was a fear of side effects. After the webinar, 82.5% reported the intention to receive a vaccine, 15.4% were still unsure, and 2% stated that they had no intention of receiving a vaccine. The webinar shifted the attitude towards vaccine enthusiasm, despite an already vaccine-enthusiastic population. Communicating about vaccines using positive framing is associated with greater vaccine enthusiasm. (4) Conclusions: Patient education programs co-hosted by multiple stakeholders and delivered by oncologists can increase cancer patient enthusiasm for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Kujariningrum, Oktavia Beni, Elisa Nurhayati, Waviq Azizah, and Sri Winarni. "Study of Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Developed and Developing Countries." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 18, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i1.32459.
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SARS-CoV-2 can spread rapidly and has been shown to cause a wide spectrum of severity. Vaccines exist as a preventive effort to control the transmission of COVID-19 by forming herd immunity. The presence of the COVID-19 vaccine has caused many responses in the community, both positive and negative responses. The article aim to compare risk factors affecting people’s intentions as respond to the COVID-19 vaccine in developed and developing countries. The research was carried out in January 2021 and used the literature review method by collecting and concluding data from previous research. The search for previous research articles was carried out on the Scopus, Science Direct, Clinical Key, and SpringerLink portals with keywords in the form of COVID-19, Vaccine, Acceptance, Intention, and Hesitancy. This narrative review uses 29 articles that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intention was the lowest positive response (49.64%), and a fairly high form of doubt (71.20%) was found to be a negative response. Respondents who have high confidence in the country’s health system are at 3.05 times greater risk of having the intention to use the COVID-19 vaccine in developed countries (OR = 3.05; 1.13-4.92). Respondents over 65 years of age were at 3.65 times greater risk of having the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in developing countries (OR = 3.65; 2.57-5.17). The COVID-19 vaccine creates positive and negative responses in the community. The intention is the lowest positive response influenced by trust in the country’s health system (developing countries) and age (developed countries).
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Morar, Cezar, Alexandru Tiba, Tamara Jovanovic, Aleksandar Valjarević, Matthias Ripp, Miroslav D. Vujičić, Uglješa Stankov, et al. "Supporting Tourism by Assessing the Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination for Travel Reasons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020918.
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The persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposed vaccination passports for traveling in most countries. We investigated psychological factors that predict the intention to vaccinate for travel. In a cross-sectional study, we examined how demographic variables, vaccination status, perceived risk of infection and severity of disease contracted at travel destination, safety and effectiveness of vaccines against contracting COVID-19 during travel, and conspiracy beliefs are related to intention to vaccinate for travel. Further analyses involved differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in a Romanian sample regarding conspiracy beliefs, attitudes about vaccines, and self-efficacy of controlling COVID-19 infection. Results showed that the intention to vaccinate for travel reasons is best predicted by vaccination status and perceptions of safety and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. Thus, vaccinated individuals believing that vaccines are safe and effective most probably will take another vaccine booster if it will allow them to travel. Positive relationships of the intention to vaccinate for travel reasons were found with age, vaccination status, conspiracy beliefs, perceptions of safety and effectiveness of vaccines, intention to travel, and a more cautious approach to travel. No significant relationships were found between perceptions of risk for self or for transmitting the disease to others, severity of disease, and the intention to vaccinate for travel. We also found significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, as unvaccinated participants showed higher levels of conspiracy beliefs and less trust in the safety and efficacy of vaccines. We conclude that campaigns focused on promoting information on the safety and efficacy of vaccines is the most important direction for promoting vaccination in young travelers.
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Malesza, Marta, and Erich Wittmann. "Acceptance and Intake of COVID-19 Vaccines among Older Germans." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071388.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the various factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and actual intake among older Germans aged over 75 years old (n = 1037). We found that the intention to get vaccinated or intake of the COVID-19 vaccine were positively related to the perceptions of becoming infected, perceptions of the severity of the potential long-term effects, the vaccine’s efficacy, and the benefits of vaccination. Meanwhile, the intention to get the vaccine or vaccine intake were decreased by perceptions of the negative side-effects and the general impediments to vaccination.
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TANRIKULU, Gözdenur, Sibel KÜÇÜKOĞLU, and Fatma Taş ARSLAN. "VACCINATION APPLICATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN AND THE ROLE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS SICK A TRADITIONAL REVIEW." GOBEKLİTEPE Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi 5, no. 8 (June 25, 2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55433/gsbd.167.
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Covid-19 has emerged as a serious public health emergency and has started a process that requires an urgent response. Although Covid-19 is a disease that causes higher mortality and morbidity in adults, it has been seen to affect children as well. While children play an important role in the transmission of Covid-19 infection and epidemic dynamics, they constitute a key target population for effective measures to control these outbreaks. In this direction, it was concluded that the planning and implementation of Covid-19 vaccines should include children in increasing immunity rates. Due to the fact that the Covid-19 vaccine is new and the trials on children continue, it has been observed that these conditions affect the vaccination intention of the parents. The fact that anti-vaccine and vaccine hesitancy has become an increasing problem all over the world, including in our country, has also affected the rate of Covid-19 vaccination. Healthcare workers play a key role in tackling negative attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination. Health professionals may have responsibilities such as vaccine development, vaccine information and application, following up-to-date information about vaccine side effects, determining parents' intentions regarding their children's Covid-19 vaccine, and informing parents about Covid-19 vaccines. In this rewiew the Covid-19 pandemic in children, the Covid 19 vaccine applications, the role of parents and healthcare professionals have been compiled.
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Bourreau, Coline, Angela Baron, Michaël Schwarzinger, François Alla, Linda Cambon, and Léo Donzel Godinot. "Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intention among Health Care Workers in France: A Qualitative Study." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101661.
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COVID-19 vaccines are one of the best tools to limit the spread of the virus. However, vaccine hesitancy is increasing worldwide, and France is one of the most hesitant countries. From the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, health care workers (HCW) have been prioritized in the vaccination strategy but were also hesitant. This study was conducted to identify and understand the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention in the French context, with a view to promoting HCW vaccination. A qualitative study using individual semi-structured interviews of HCWs was carried out at the beginning of the vaccination campaign (January to April 2021) in a French university hospital. Interviews indicated that the vaccination intention of HCWs was influenced by confidence in the proposed vaccines, past experience with vaccines and disease, the opinions and vaccination status of others, and media handling of information related to COVID-19 vaccination. Improving HCW vaccination intention regarding COVID-19 vaccines could be achieved through the dissemination of clear, reassuring, scientific information. Information should be disseminated by HCWs and vaccination experts and adapted to local contexts. To improve the level of confidence and vaccination uptake through a compliance effect, it would be useful to promote positive COVID-19 vaccination experiences and increased rates of immunization.
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Varol, Tugce, Francine Schneider, Ilse Mesters, Robert A. C. Ruiter, Gerjo Kok, and Gill A. Ten Hoor. "Facilitating Informed Decision Making: Determinants of University Students’ COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050704.
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Background: Although several COVID-19 vaccines are available, the current challenge is achieving high vaccine uptake. We aimed to explore university students’ intention to get vaccinated and select the most relevant determinants/beliefs to facilitate informed decision making around COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey with students (N = 434) from Maastricht University was conducted in March 2021. The most relevant determinants/beliefs of students’ COVID-19 vaccine intention (i.e., determinants linked to vaccination intention, and with enough potential for change) were visualized using CIBER plots. Results: Students’ intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine was high (80%). Concerns about safety and side effects of the vaccine and trust in government, quality control, and the pharmaceutical industry were identified as the most relevant determinants of vaccine intention. Other determinants were risk perception, attitude, perceived norm, and self-efficacy beliefs. Conclusion: Our study identified several determinants of COVID-19 vaccine intention (e.g., safety, trust, risk perception, etc.) and helped to select the most relevant determinants/beliefs to target in an intervention to maximize COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Concerns and trust related to the COVID-19 vaccine are the most important targets for future interventions. Other determinants that were already positive (i.e., risk perception, attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy) could be further confirmed.
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Dhawan, Dhriti, Mesfin Awoke Bekalu, Ramya Pinnamaneni, Rachel McCloud, and Kasisomayajula Viswanath. "Abstract A125: Vaccine hesitancy: Can we convince the unvaccinated to vaccinate?" Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): A125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-a125.
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Abstract Background: Vaccine hesitancy is defined as “delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccination services”. When individuals choose not to get vaccinated, efforts to control the spread of the disease are hindered. Despite scientific evidence that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, one in four adults in the United States is not fully vaccinated. However, some individuals, despite being previously vaccine-hesitant got the COVID-19 vaccine and vice versa, leading to an intention-behavior gap. In this study, we ask an important question: What socio-demographic, psychological, ideological, and communication-related factors can contribute to the vaccination-related intention-behavior gap? An understanding of these factors can also help create communication strategies to encourage the vaccine-hesitant to get vaccinated, especially in populations where there are greater vaccine disparities. Methods: This longitudinal study uses two nationally representative surveys of Americans from 2020 and 2021 to determine the factors that contribute to COVID-19 vaccination-related intention-behavior gap and overcome vaccine hesitancy, using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The results indicated that 51% of previously vaccine-hesitant individuals were vaccinated against COVID-19, and only 14% of previously pro-vaccine individuals remained unvaccinated. Some factors associated with a higher likelihood of vaccine-hesitant individuals getting vaccinated were high perceptions of risk, high vaccine acceptance, being informed about the vaccines, endorsing less COVID-19 misinformation, having confidence in scientists, being over 60 years old, and being female. Alternatively, some factors associated with a lower likelihood of pro-vaccine individuals not getting vaccinated were high perceptions of risk, high vaccine acceptance, being informed about the vaccines, identifying as a Republican, having confidence in scientists, having access to healthcare, and having higher education. Conclusions: The study indicates that it is possible to convince the vaccine-hesitant individuals to get vaccinated as well as prevent the pro-vaccine individuals from realizing their vaccination intentions. Developing evidence-based persuasive and targeted communication strategies can help convince the unvaccinated and increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Targeted communication strategies can also help reduce disparities among populations that have lower vaccination rates. Moreover, such strategies may also be useful to increase the uptake of other vaccines such as human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to lower the rates of HPV-attributable cancers in the United States. Citation Format: Dhriti Dhawan, Mesfin Awoke Bekalu, Ramya Pinnamaneni, Rachel McCloud, Kasisomayajula Viswanath. Vaccine hesitancy: Can we convince the unvaccinated to vaccinate? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A125.
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Lin, Yulan, Zhijian Hu, Qinjian Zhao, Haridah Alias, Mahmoud Danaee, and Li Ping Wong. "Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): e0008961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008961.
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Background This study attempts to understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine demand and hesitancy by assessing the public’s vaccination intention and willingness-to-pay (WTP). Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines produced in China and preference for domestically-made or foreign-made vaccines was also investigated. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted on 1–19 May 2020. The health belief model (HBM) was used as a theoretical framework for understanding COVID-19 vaccination intent and WTP. Results A total of 3,541 complete responses were received. The majority reported a probably yes intent (54.6%), followed by a definite yes intent (28.7%). The perception that vaccination decreases the chances of getting COVID-19 under the perceived benefit construct (OR = 3.14, 95% CI 2.05–4.83) and not being concerned about the efficacy of new COVID-19 vaccines under the perceived barriers construct (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.31–2.09) were found to have the highest significant odds of a definite intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of WTP for COVID-19 vaccine was CNY¥200/US$28 (IQR CNY¥100–500/USD$14–72). The highest marginal WTP for the vaccine was influenced by socio-economic factors. The majority were confident (48.7%) and completely confident (46.1%) in domestically-made COVID-19 vaccine. 64.2% reported a preference for a domestically-made over foreign-made COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions The findings demonstrate the utility of HBM constructs in understanding COVID-19 vaccination intent and WTP. It is important to improve health promotion and reduce the barriers to COVID-19 vaccination.
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Umakanthan, Srikanth, Maryann M. Bukelo, Mario J. Bukelo, Sonal Patil, Naveen Subramaniam, and Ria Sharma. "Social Environmental Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in India: A Population-Based Survey." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101749.
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Background: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, trust within a community in the projected schemes or strategies to combat COVID-19 depends on the confidence generated and launched by the government and medical employees toward the public. The “vaccination intention” within a community is determined by a range of factors, which include sociodemographic features, personal beliefs, and attitude toward vaccination. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted involving 2000 people using a Tencent questionnaire platform. One-way ANOVA was conducted for age, education, and occupation with vaccination intention for the COVID-19 vaccine. Correlation analysis was conducted between sources, trust, and vaccination intention indicating both types of sources (official and unofficial sources) and both types of trust (trust in the social environment and in vaccines). Results: The reception of the sources of information on the COVID-19 vaccine was significantly higher from official sources (M = 5.54, SD = 1.37) and government officials (M = 5.68, SD = 1.499) compared with that from experts in medicine (M = 5.39, SD = 1.511). Among the unofficial sources, “chatting and communicating with family and friends” scored the highest (M = 4.84, SD = 1.649). In the statistics on people’s trust in all aspects involved in vaccines, the level of trust in the social environment was significantly higher and more concentrated than in vaccines (M = 5.67, SD = 1.129). The level of trust in government (M = 5.80, SD = 1.256) was slightly higher than in medical personnel (M = 5.53, SD = 1.199). People’s willingness to be vaccinated was generally high (M = 78.15, SD = 22.354). The demographic factors were not influential in vaccination intention. Both sources (official and unofficial sources) and trust (trust in the social environment and in vaccines) are significantly and positively correlated with vaccination intention. Information receptions from official and unofficial sources were significant positive predictors of trust in the social environment, but they were not significant predictors of trust in vaccines. The mediating effect of trust in vaccines on the relationship between receiving information from official and unofficial sources and vaccination intention was insignificant. Conclusions: This study revealed that trust in the environment is an important channel linking people’s information reception and vaccination intention, explores a new path for health information communication, and attempts to provide new ideas for health information dissemination and promotion.
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Lennon, Robert P., Meg L. Small, Rachel A. Smith, Lauren J. Van Scoy, Jessica G. Myrick, and Molly A. Martin. "Unique Predictors of Intended Uptake of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults Living in a Rural College Town in the United States." American Journal of Health Promotion 36, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211026132.
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Purpose: To explore public confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: A rural college town in central Pennsylvania. Subjects: Adult residents without minor children. Measures: The primary outcome was COVID-19 vaccination intention. Secondary measures included vaccination attitudes, norms, efficacy, past behavior, trust in the vaccination process, and sociodemographic variables of education, financial standing, political viewpoint, and religiosity. Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to describe quantitative data. Multivariate ordinal regression was used to model predictors of vaccine intention. Results: Of 950 respondents, 55% were “very likely” and 20% “somewhat likely” to take a coronavirus vaccine, even though 70% had taken the flu vaccine since September 2019. The strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance were trust in the system evaluating vaccines and perceptions of local COVID-19 vaccination norms. The strongest predictors of negative vaccine intentions were worries about unknown side-effects and positive attitudes toward natural infection. Sociodemographic factors, political views, and religiosity did not predict vaccine intentions. Conclusion: Fewer adults intend to take a coronavirus vaccine than currently take the flu vaccine. Traditional sociodemographic factors may not be effective predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Although based on a small sample, the study adds to our limited understanding of COVID-19-specific vaccine confidence among some rural Americans and suggests that traditional public health vaccination campaigns based on sociodemographic characteristics may not be effective.
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Head, Katharine J., Monica L. Kasting, Lynne A. Sturm, Jane A. Hartsock, and Gregory D. Zimet. "A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts." Science Communication 42, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 698–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547020960463.
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With SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development, research is needed to assess intention to vaccinate. We conducted a survey ( N = 3,159) with U.S. adults in May 2020 assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions, intentions with a provider recommendation, and sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Participants had high SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions ( M = 5.23/7-point scale), which increased significantly with a provider recommendation ( M = 5.47). Hierarchical linear regression showed that less education and working in health care were associated with lower intent, and liberal political views, altruism, and COVID-19-related health beliefs were associated with higher intent. This work can inform interventions to increase vaccine uptake, ultimately reducing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.
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Memenga, Paula, Sarah Eitze, Parichehr Shamsrizi, Marylyn M. Addo, and Cornelia Betsch. "Debunking Misinformation and Communicating Critical Events in Vaccine Trials." European Journal of Health Communication 3, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 64–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47368/ejhc.2022.204.
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Misinformation and media reports about critical events in vaccine trials challenge public confidence in Covid-19 vaccine safety. Three online experiments using 2×2 between-subjects designs examined the impact of vaccine type, misinformation debunking, and critical events during vaccine trials. In Experiment 1, N = 984 participants received information about different vaccines and misinformation was debunked. In Experiment 2, N = 1,018 participants were informed about different vaccines and trial discontinuation. In Experiment 3, N = 1,006 participants received information about discontinuation and questionable research practices of a manufacturer. The main dependent variables were confidence in vaccine safety, vaccination intention, and willingness to participate in a vaccine trial. Debunking increased vaccination intention and confidence (both η2p = .01) which was partly higher for classical than for new vaccines (η2p = .01). Information about discontinuation had no effect, but having heard about it before had benefits. Information about questionable research practices decreased confidence ( η2p = .01) and vaccination intention ( η2p = .02) regarding the target vaccine but did not affect other vaccines. Confidence (β = .47) was most strongly associated with willingness to participate in vaccine trials. Critical events in vaccine trials should be communicated transparently to increase confidence, trial participation, and vaccination intentions.
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Salazar-Fernández, Camila, María José Baeza-Rivera, Marcoantonio Villanueva, Joaquín Alberto Padilla Bautista, Regina M. Navarro, and Mariana Pino. "Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Intention: Evidence from Chile, Mexico, and Colombia." Vaccines 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071129.
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(1) Background: Although the evidence is consistent that vaccines for COVID-19 effectively prevent severe illness or death, the rapid development of vaccines has led to increased beliefs about possible negative consequences and conspiracy theories about the vaccine. Several factors influence whether or not people decide to be vaccinated. Some studies suggest that our perception of what significant others do and think influences our behavior. (2) Methods: This study evaluates the predictive role of beliefs about negative consequences of the COVID-19 vaccine, conspiracy beliefs about this vaccine, and social influence on the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in three Latin American and Caribbean countries: Chile, Mexico, and Colombia. Using convenience sampling, 2075 adults from Chile (48.3%), Mexico (27.6%), and Colombia (24.6%) participated by answering an online questionnaire with variables of interest. (3) Results: Despite the differences between countries, the results showed that the proposed model is invariant and explains between 56–66% of the COVID-19 vaccination intent. Specifically, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, political orientation, and educational level, we found that beliefs about the negative consequences of the COVID-19 vaccine were the main predictor followed by social influence. Beliefs in conspiracy theories did not predict vaccination intention (4) Conclusions: Considering these variables in campaigns to boost vaccination intention is discussed.
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Khan, Yusra Habib, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Muhammad Salman, Nida Tanveer, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Zia Ul Mustafa, Raja Ahsan Aftab, and Abdullah Salah Alanazi. "Parental Perceptions and Barriers towards Childhood COVID-19 Vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Vaccines 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122093.
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Introduction: The vaccination of children against Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a prime area of focus around the globe and is considered a pivotal challenge during the ongoing pandemic. This study aimed to assess parents′ intentions to vaccinate their children and the barriers related to pediatric COVID-19 vaccination. Methodology: An online web-based survey was conducted to recruit parents with at least one child under the age of 12 years from Saudi Arabia’s Al-Jouf region. The parental intentions to vaccinate children were assessed via six items, while barriers against vaccination were assessed through seven items in validated study instrument. A 5-point Likert scale was used to record the responses of parents regarding both their intentions and barriers. Results: In total, 444 parents (28.41 ± 7.4 years, 65% females) participated in this study. Almost 90% of parents were vaccinated against COVID-19 but only 42% of parents intended to vaccinate their children. The mean intention score was 2.9 ± 1.36. More than one-third of study participants had no plan to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The majority of the respondents agreed to vaccinate their children if vaccination was made compulsory by the government (relative index: 0.76, 73%). Out of seven potential barriers analyzed, concerns over vaccine safety and side effects were ranked highest (RII: 0.754), reported by 290 (65%) participants. In multivariate logistic regression, significant predictors of parental intention to vaccinate children were the increased education level of the parents (secondary education: OR = 3.617, p = 0.010; tertiary education: OR = 2.775, p = 0.042), COVID-19 vaccination status (vaccinated: OR = 7.062, p = 0.003), mother’s involvement in decisions regarding the child’s healthcare (mother: OR 4.353, p < 0.001; both father and mother: OR 3.195, p < 0.001) and parents’ trust in the vaccine’s safety (OR = 2.483, p = 0.022). Conclusions: This study underscored the low intention among parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Vaccination intention was found to be associated with education, parents’ vaccination status, the mother’s involvement in healthcare decisions, and parents’ trust in the vaccine’s safety. On the other hand, parents’ concerns over the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine were widely reported as barriers to childhood vaccination. The health authorities should focus on addressing parental concerns about vaccines to improve their COVID-19 vaccination coverage.
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Al-Wutayd, Osama, Manal Al-Batanony, Nehad Badr, and Sally Abdelwanees. "Parents’ Intentions and Associated Factors to Vaccinating Their Children Aged 12–17 Years with COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross Sectional Study." Vaccines 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060912.
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No available vaccine against COVID-19 had yet been proven for 12–17-year-olds in Egypt during the study period. This is the first study to assess Egyptian parents’ intentions and associated factors in relation to vaccinating their children with COVID-19 vaccines. A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted between 17 October and 17 November 2021, via social media platforms. The target group was parents with children aged 12–17 years. Parents’ intention to vaccinate their children and factors associated with vaccinating their children, reasons for not intending to vaccinate their children, and circumstances whereby the parents would change their mind were recorded. Among the 1458 parents recruited, 65.6% were planning to vaccinate their children. The main concerns were fear of the vaccine’s side-effects (68.3%) and conspiracy theories (18%). The factors associated with parents’ intention to vaccinate their children were mother’s older age (40–49 years: aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.05–1.99; ≥50 years: aOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.16–3.75), high family income (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.41–2.79), and children with a history of chronic conditions (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.25–3.25), while higher mother’s education level was negatively associated (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.27, 0.64). A comprehensive health education program regarding vaccinating children with COVID-19 vaccines is highly recommended for parents, particularly for young and highly educated mothers, to enhance children vaccination rate when the vaccine becomes available.
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Tavolacci, Marie Pierre, Pierre Dechelotte, and Joel Ladner. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Resistancy among University Students in France." Vaccines 9, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060654.
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The objectives were to explore, among university students, the level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and resistancy and to determine the motivations and barriers, and the reasons that may change student vaccination decision making. An online observational cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a French university in January 2021 with questions about the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19, the motivations and the barriers. The convenience sample included 3089 students, with a mean of age of 20.3 (SD = 1.9). To the question on the intention to vaccinate against the COVID-19, 58.0% of students reported that they would choose to have a vaccination, 17.0% reported that they would not and 25.0% were not sure. The main motivations for vaccine acceptance were “I don′t want to transmit COVID-19 to others”, the main barriers for vaccine resistance or hesitancy were “I prefer to wait until I have more experience with these new vaccines”. Age, female gender, being in first three years of study, studied sciences courses and neither sciences nor healthcare courses of study were significantly associated with a higher risk of vaccine hesitancy or resistancy. Self-estimated knowledge of conventional vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines, and confidence in efficiency and safety of conventional vaccination were associated with a lower risk of vaccine hesitancy or resistancy. It is relevant to disseminate evidence-based interventions to promote COVID-19 vaccine acceptability for college students, especially for the students in neither sciences nor healthcare courses of study, as college students will soon be eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.
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Skjefte, Malia, Michelle Ngirbabul, Oluwasefunmi Akeju, Daniel Escudero, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Diego F. Wyszynski, and Julia W. Wu. "COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children: results of a survey in 16 countries." European Journal of Epidemiology 36, no. 2 (February 2021): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00728-6.
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AbstractWith the development of multiple effective vaccines, reducing the global morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 will depend on the distribution and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Estimates of global vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children are yet unknown. An understanding of the challenges and correlates to vaccine acceptance will aid the acceleration of vaccine administration within these populations. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women and mothers of children younger than 18-years-old, as well as potential predictors, were assessed through an online survey, administered by Pregistry between October 28 and November 18, 2020. 17,871 total survey responses from 16 countries were obtained. Given a 90% COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, 52.0% of pregnant women (n = 2747/5282) and 73.4% of non-pregnant women (n = 9214/12,562) indicated an intention to receive the vaccine. 69.2% of women (n = 11,800/17,054), both pregnant and non-pregnant, indicated an intention to vaccinate their children. Vaccine acceptance was generally highest in India, the Philippines, and all sampled countries in Latin America; it was lowest in Russia, the United States and Australia. The strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance included confidence in vaccine safety or effectiveness, worrying about COVID-19, belief in the importance of vaccines to their own country, compliance to mask guidelines, trust of public health agencies/health science, as well as attitudes towards routine vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its predictors among women vary globally. Vaccination campaigns for women and children should be specific for each country in order to attain the largest impact.
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Hoque, AKM Fazlul, Saaimatul Huq, Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shoeb, Moshiul Alam Mishu, and Muhammad Abul Kalam Azad. "Awareness and likelihood of accepting COVID-19 vaccines among the university students of Bangladesh." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i2.21280.
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Massive vaccination is very important to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study determined the willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine by the university students of Bangladesh and identified their apprehension about the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Students were invited to complete an online cross-sectional survey (April 3 to June 10, 2021) to explore the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and other factors regarding the responsiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. Among the 191 respondent students, 52.9% willingly agreed to receive a vaccine, where the remaining was either not decided yet (27.7%) or was not intended to get vaccinated (15.7%). The odd of getting a vaccine were only 1.15. About 83.2% of students were conscious about the severity of COVID-19 and many students responded that they are well-versed about vaccine activity (67.5%) and risk factors (66%). Among the approved vaccines, most students preferred the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 (38.7%) and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (34%). As some of the students still have lesser intent to accept vaccines, public health officials need to be more proactive to focus on vaccine safety and benefits to enhance vaccine coverage among university students of Bangladesh.
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Azizah, Haifah Nabilatul, Purwanto Purwanto, Achmad Nur Alfianto, and Achmad Labib. "Niat Berperilaku Masyarakat dalam Menggunakan Vaksin halal : Penerapan Teori of Planned Behaviour." Al-Kharaj : Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah 4, no. 5 (February 21, 2022): 1365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v4i5.942.
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Vaccines have an important influence in overcoming the covid-19 virus outbreak, the higher public doubts about the covid-19 vaccine can affect people's intentions to use the covid-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study is to find out how the Theory Planned of Behavior is applied in predicting people's behaviour to use the covid-19 vaccine with subjective norms focused on the media. This study collects data through an online survey by distributing questionnaires from Google Form. The sample was taken as many as 154 people of Magelang district aged 16-40 years had been selected based on purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using SEM-PLS. The results of this study show that of the three variables, namely attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavior control, only the attitude variable has a significant influence on the intention to use the covid-19 vaccine.
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Domnich, Alexander, Riccardo Grassi, Elettra Fallani, Alida Spurio, Bianca Bruzzone, Donatella Panatto, Barbara Marozzi, et al. "Changes in Attitudes and Beliefs Concerning Vaccination and Influenza Vaccines between the First and Second COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: A Longitudinal Study." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091016.
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Perceptions of the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and preventive behaviors change over time. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may have modified laypeople’s attitudes towards routine vaccinations. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to assess changes in attitudes and beliefs concerning (influenza) vaccines between the first and second COVID-19 pandemic waves. A total of 1979 participants completed both 2020 and 2021 surveys. After one year, more interviewees agreed that vaccines were fundamental and should be mandatory (77.3% vs. 75.0%). Analogously, willingness to undergo influenza vaccination increased (p < 0.001) from 44.1% to 48.6%. This increase was seen in subjects aged ≥35 years. Previous influenza vaccinations, receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine, positive attitudes towards (influenza) vaccination, male sex, and older age were the main correlates of willingness to receive the 2021/22 influenza vaccine. Totals of 12.6% and 11.8% had no intention to receive the next seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. Most respondents favored a hypothetical combined influenza/COVID-19 vaccine (73.7%) or influenza and COVID-19 vaccine co-administration (67.5%). In Italy, influenza and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and refusal are common. Effective public health strategies to pursue higher uptake of both vaccines are urgently needed.
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Sallam, Malik, Deema Dababseh, Huda Eid, Hanan Hasan, Duaa Taim, Kholoud Al-Mahzoum, Ayat Al-Haidar, et al. "Low COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Is Correlated with Conspiracy Beliefs among University Students in Jordan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052407.
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Vaccination to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a promising measure to overcome the negative consequences of the pandemic. Since university students could be considered a knowledgeable group, this study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among this group in Jordan. Additionally, we aimed to examine the association between vaccine conspiracy beliefs and vaccine hesitancy. We used an online survey conducted in January 2021 with a chain-referral sampling approach. Conspiracy beliefs were evaluated using the validated Vaccine Conspiracy Belief Scale (VCBS), with higher scores implying embrace of conspiracies. A total of 1106 respondents completed the survey with female predominance (n = 802, 72.5%). The intention to get COVID-19 vaccines was low: 34.9% (yes) compared to 39.6% (no) and 25.5% (maybe). Higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were seen among males (42.1%) and students at Health Schools (43.5%). A Low rate of influenza vaccine acceptance was seen as well (28.8%), in addition to 18.6% of respondents being anti-vaccination altogether. A significantly higher VCBS score was correlated with reluctance to get the vaccine (p < 0.001). Dependence on social media platforms was significantly associated with lower intention to get COVID-19 vaccines (19.8%) compared to dependence on medical doctors, scientists, and scientific journals (47.2%, p < 0.001). The results of this study showed the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with conspiracy beliefs among university students in Jordan. The implementation of targeted actions to increase the awareness of such a group is highly recommended. This includes educational programs to dismantle vaccine conspiracy beliefs and awareness campaigns to build recognition of the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Nikolovski, Janeta, Martin Koldijk, Gerrit Jan Weverling, John Spertus, Mintu Turakhia, Leslie Saxon, Mike Gibson, et al. "Factors indicating intention to vaccinate with a COVID-19 vaccine among older U.S. adults." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 24, 2021): e0251963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251963.
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Background The success of vaccination efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic will require broad public uptake of immunization and highlights the importance of understanding factors associated with willingness to receive a vaccine. Methods U.S. adults aged 65 and older enrolled in the HeartlineTM clinical study were invited to complete a COVID-19 vaccine assessment through the HeartlineTM mobile application between November 6–20, 2020. Factors associated with willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine were evaluated using an ordered logistic regression as well as a Random Forest classification algorithm. Results Among 9,106 study participants, 81.3% (n = 7402) responded and had available demographic data. The majority (91.3%) reported a willingness to be vaccinated. Factors most strongly associated with vaccine willingness were beliefs about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and vaccines in general. Women and Black or African American respondents reported lower willingness to vaccinate. Among those less willing to get vaccinated, 66.2% said that they would talk with their health provider before making a decision. During the study, positive results from the first COVID-19 vaccine outcome study were released; vaccine willingness increased after this report. Conclusions Even among older adults at high-risk for COVID-19 complications who are participating in a longitudinal clinical study, 1 in 11 reported lack of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in November 2020. Variability in vaccine willingness by gender, race, education, and income suggests the potential for uneven vaccine uptake. Education by health providers directed toward assuaging concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy can help improve vaccine acceptance among those less willing. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04276441.
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Widiartanto, Amni Zarkasyi Rahman, and Fendy Eko Wahyudi. "Vaccine Intention Determinants Model: A Public Acceptance Study on Covid 19 Vaccination Plan in Central Java." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131701017.
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Vaccination, which is often seen as a health policy intervention, has proven to be the most effective at reducing the spread of infectious diseases globally. However, the perception of anti-vaccines, misunderstanding of information related to vaccines, and even doubts about vaccines are still common in the community—no exception related to the COVID-19 global vaccination. Therefore, we need a study that can answer the determinant variable of the COVID-19 vaccination intention, especially in Indonesia. This study answers how personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived feasibility with religious and media literacy moderation influence the public intention in using the COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative research approach, with an explanative research type. We used Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DPTB) as a determinant model with a variable of religiosity and media literacy as a moderating variable for the intention of vaccination COVID-19 in Central Java. This research was conducted in Central Java Province as one of the provinces with the largest population and one of Indonesia's largest number of COVID-19 cases. Data collection was carried out online and offline with 100 respondents.
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Ng, Jason Wei Jian, Santha Vaithilingam, Mahendhiran Nair, Li-Ann Hwang, and Kamarul Imran Musa. "Key predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: An integrated framework." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): e0268926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268926.
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Background As the vaccination drive against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Malaysia progresses rapidly, the main challenge will gradually shift from procuring and distributing vaccines to ensuring the broadest possible acceptance among all population segments. Therefore, this study used the integrated framework of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to investigate the predictors of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia. Methodology A market research company in Malaysia was engaged to collect data during June 11–20, 2021 using self-administered questionnaires via its online panel, ensuring a nationwide random sample of 804 respondents. A logistic regression was subsequently estimated to determine the significant predictors of vaccination intention. Results The predictors that significantly affect COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia are age, susceptibility, religious beliefs, attitude, subjective norms, and trust in the vaccine. In particular, those who are more inclined to get vaccinated are older individuals, have a higher perceived risk of infection and social pressure to get vaccinated, have a positive attitude, and have high levels of trust in the vaccine. Individuals’ who perceive that their religious beliefs are against vaccination are more likely to exhibit uncertainty toward it. Conclusion This study showed that although a large proportion of respondents indicated that they were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19, there are concerns about religious barriers and trust in the vaccine that the relevant stakeholders should address. Campaigns should also focus on shaping the nation’s attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines, in parallel with encouraging people to use their social influence in helping those in their close circle who are unsure of vaccination to cross the line. These measures will prove to be pertinent as the nation begins to administer booster vaccines to tackle the waning effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Jacobs, Choolwe, Nedah Chikonde Musonda, Deborah Tembo, Miyanda Simwaka, Evelyn Mwamba, Sody Mweetwa Munsaka, and Samson Shumba. "Gender disparities and associated factors to intention to getting a second dose of COVID-19 AstraZeneca vaccine among adult populations in selected facilities of Lusaka, Zambia." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): e0000265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000265.
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As COVID-19 vaccines are becoming more available, there is also a growing need to understand the population receiving the doses, existing inequalities and the intention to getting the second vaccine dose among the populations that receive the vaccines. We evaluated gender inequalities and intention to uptake of the second dose of COVID-19 AstraZeneca vaccine among adult populations in selected urban facilities of Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted between May and June 2021 among adults who received AstraZeneca vaccine from three selected urban facilities of Lusaka, Zambia. Phone-based interviews were conducted 6 weeks after the first dose of the vaccine. Descriptive analysis and mixed-effect logistic regression were done using STATA version 16.2. Of the 1321 adults who had received AstraZeneca vaccine, 868 respondents completed the questionnaire. About, 47% (408/868) were females and 53% (460/868) were males. Median age in the study was 40 years. Majority of males were educated (54%) and employed (57%). Furthermore, majority of females that got the first dose of AstraZeneca reported experiencing side effects (76.98%) compared to males (64.24%). Among study participants, 93.7% intended to receive the AstraZeneca vaccine, of whom 46.7% (380/814) were females and 52.9% (434/814) were males. Majority of participants that did not intend to get a second dose were not married (55.56%). Only age (AOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08) predicted intention to getting a second dose of AstraZeneca vaccine. We found important gender-dependent differences in the side effects reported by females that received the first dose of Astra Zeneca. Finding that intention to get the second dose of the vaccine increased with age suggests a need for enhancing COVID-19 vaccination programmes targeting young people and a need for further research to identify specific adverse effects of COVID-19 Astra Zeneca vaccines.