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Journal articles on the topic 'Covid-19 – Vaccination'
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1
Herzeel, Ann, Yassine Aikar, Zakaria Bouzid, Nathalie Clement, and Stéphanie Marheux. "Vaccination Covid-19." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23640.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: After the first vaccination campaign, a low vaccination coverage was observed in Brussels. This is linked to an accumulation of factors such as limited accessibility, confidence in the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine or in the public institutions combined with complicated transport solutions and a lack of vaccinators. These are significant barriers to improving immunization coverage, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods.
In order to increase coverage and also in the perspective of vaccinating everyone (vacci4all project), Common Community Commission (COCOM) has decentralized vaccination through temporary initiatives: local antennas, mobile teams, door-to-door visits, GP’s, awareness-raising by pharmacists, call-centers,...
The results have reinforced the idea of decentralization to reach the most vulnerable. The idea of vaccination in pharmacies was explored, bringing new perspectives regarding long-term management.
Method:
1. Pharma-on-tour
Through an application system and the establishment of quality criteria, 5 pharmacies with
experience in vaccination centers are integrated into the pilot project: doctors come to the
pharmacy to vaccinate patients previously sensitized by the pharmacist. The pharmacists prepare the vaccines; the doctors administer them. The project is financed by the Brussels-Capital Region (BCR).
2. Vaccipharma
A few days after the publication of the March 11, 2022 law allowing pharmacists to vaccinate, the
Vaccipharma project is launched: vaccination by pharmacists starts in 5 pharmacies that meet the quality requirements.
3. Timesheet
Without a remuneration framework, the acts of preparation and vaccination are still
covered by the region on the basis of an hourly rate determined by Timesheets which are
filled in by the pharmacists who keep track of the acts related to the vaccination which helped determine a remuneration in accordance with reality/practice.
4. Implementation of the NIHDI remuneration framework and extension to the entire BRSince September 1, 2022, pharmacists can be remunerated for the acts of preparation of vaccine doses and vaccinations by the NIHDI. Any person, insured or not, can be vaccinated in a pharmacy.
In addition to the vaccination in the pharmacy, the COCOM takes care of the delivery to the first line as well as the preparation and delivery to the nursing homes and communities.
5. Extension of the project from 28 to 135pharmacies
All Brussels municipalities have vaccinating pharmacies. Each pharmacy was inspected and given training to ensure the respect of the government's quality requirements.
Results/Lessons learned: The need to focus on decentralized vaccination initiatives that combine proximity, quality and trust was reaffirmed. This is demonstrated by the fact that the preferred location for patients seeking a primary vaccination is the pharmacy.
This promising and sustainable project enables a local supplying and is a catalyst for first line vaccination in an infrastructure that provides a quality of reception and service in a place familiar to the public, with a very interesting cost-benefit-quality ratio. The individual approach and direct communication can increase vaccination coverage, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods. A survey of patients reveals a high level of satisfaction both in terms of reception, booking, information received, privacy, proximity, ease, speed, accessibility and in the trust-based relationship.
2
Rista Dwi Lestari, Dina Safira Putri, Dwi Nuning Anggraeny, and Ririn Puspita Tutiasri. "Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Pemberitaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 Pada Media Sosial Instagram." Jurnal ISIP: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 18, no. 2 (September 28, 2023): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36451/jisip.v18i2.58.
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The Covid-19 vaccination activity in Indonesia at the end of 2020 caused a new polemic in the
community and gave rise to various positive and negative opinions about vaccination. Experts and public figures
explain the importance of vaccinating Covid-19 through their social media accounts. Social media became a
medium at the current covid-19 pandemic to share information and policies on Covid-19. The study discussed
students’ perceptions in Surabaya of the Covid-19 vaccination information on Dr. Tirta’s social media account.
We conducted this study with a qualitative approach and online data-collection technique for interviews with
eight student informers over 20-26 years. Studies show that six out of eight informers claim that postings about
vaccinations on Dr. Tirta’s Instagram account have significantly been affected by information coupled with
accurate data. Dr. Tirta’s covid-19 vaccination information on the student’s Instagram account has a powerful
influence on a student’s perception of the Covid-19 vaccination and can transform a student’s actions by willingly
vaccinating a Covid-19.
3
Liew, Xin Wei, Zer Han Malcolm Tang, Yan Qing Cherie Ong, and Kay Choong See. "Hearing Loss after COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review." Vaccines 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121834.
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(1) Background: Vaccine safety is an important topic with public health implications on a global scale. The purpose of this study was to systematically review available literature assessing sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) incidence and severity following both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 vaccinations, as well as prognosis and outcomes. (2) Methods: This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Relevant publications evaluating post-vaccination SNHL were selected from PubMed and Embase, searching from inception to July 2023. (3) Results: From 11 observational studies, the incidence of post-vaccination SNHL was low for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 vaccines, ranging from 0.6 to 60.77 per 100,000 person-years, comparable to all-cause SNHL. (4) Conclusions: The incidence rates of SNHL following COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 vaccinations remained reassuringly low. Most patients experienced improved hearing function in the weeks to months following vaccination. This study underscores the importance and safety of vaccinations and encourages ongoing surveillance and detailed reporting of hearing loss cases post-vaccination.
4
Teo, Ryan Xuan Wei, Bernard Pui Lam Leung, Bernard Yu-Hor Thong, Justina Wei Lynn Tan, Grace Yin Lai Chan, and Xin Rong Lim. "Development of immediate and chronic spontaneous urticaria following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: Tolerability of revaccination and immunological study." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 53, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023249.
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Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination remains one of the key public health measures against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly reducing illness severity and mortality rates. Urticaria and/or angioedema are cutaneous reactions that have been reported in response to messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination and potentially affect fitness for revaccination.1 The development of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) post-COVID-19 vaccination2 may further discourage patients from revaccination or preclude revaccination to keep vaccinations updated. We describe a Singapore case series of 64 patients with urticaria post-COVID-19 vaccination, studying patient tolerance to revaccination, immunological profile and development of CSU.
5
Gavin, Regina M., Melanie Countryman, Joseph Musco, Rachel Ricard, Amalia Roberts, and Christine Lees. "Reaching Diverse Communities During a Local Public Health COVID-19 Vaccination Response Through a Mobile Clinic Compared to Mass Vaccination Sites." Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 30, no. 3 (April 10, 2024): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001905.
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During the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, local public health agencies were responsible for vaccinating a wide variety of communities. Dakota County Public Health (Dakota County, Minnesota) implemented a program that offered COVID-19 vaccines in a variety of settings, such as county public health buildings, community sites, in-home, mass vaccination clinics, and a mobile clinic unit. The purpose of this analysis is to compare the demographics of vaccinations administered at Dakota County COVID-19 vaccination clinics based on clinic site. More than half (52.5%) of vaccinations administered at mobile clinic sites were administered to Hispanic or Latino clients, while at the mass vaccination clinic site, 5.4% of vaccinations were administered to Hispanic or Latino clients. In addition, 59.6% of in-home vaccinations were administered to adults 65 years and older. Offering COVID-19 vaccination clinics in a variety of clinic settings strategically throughout the community helped increase vaccine reach to diverse communities.
6
Wu, Yufei, Huanjie Li, Yangyang Wang, Ping Huang, Yihui Xu, Mingjie Xu, Qianqian Zhao, et al. "Opinion Polls and Antibody Response Dynamics of Vaccination with COVID-19 Booster Vaccines." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050647.
Full textAbstract:
As the third year of the global COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination remains the most effective tool against infections and symptomatic illness. Comprehension regarding immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is limited, and the durability of immune responses after vaccination is currently not clear. In this study, we randomly collected 395 questionnaires to analyze the current state of COVID-19 vaccination. At the same time, the serum of 16 individuals who had received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were collected at different times before and after the booster vaccination. We analyzed the dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2 S-specific binding antibodies in serum and immunological indicators. By collecting public opinion surveys and analyzing variational trends of SARS-CoV-2 S-specific binding antibodies and immune indicators after COVID-19 booster vaccination, we endeavored to demonstrate the concerns affecting people’s booster vaccinations, as well as the frequency, timing, and necessity of COVID-19 booster vaccinations. The analysis of antibody results in 16 vaccinated volunteers showed that the antibody concentration decreased six months after the second dose and the protective effect of the virus was reduced. The third dose of COVID-19 vaccination is necessary to maintain the antibody concentration and the protective effect of the virus. The vaccination with the vaccine booster depends not only on the time interval but also on the initial concentration of the SARS-CoV-2 S-specific binding antibody before the booster. Our study has important implications for raising public awareness of vaccinating against SARS-CoV-2 and the necessity of COVID-19 booster vaccinations.
7
Omae, Yuto, Yohei Kakimoto, Makoto Sasaki, Jun Toyotani, Kazuyuki Hara, Yasuhiro Gon, and Hirotaka Takahashi. "SIRVVD model-based verification of the effect of first and second doses of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Japan." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 1 (2021): 1026–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022047.
Full textAbstract:
<abstract><p>As of August 2021, COVID-19 is still spreading in Japan. Vaccination, one of the key measures to bring COVID-19 under control, began in February 2021. Previous studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccination reduces the number of infections and mortality rates. However, simulations of spreading infection have suggested that vaccination in Japan is insufficient. Therefore, we developed a susceptible–infected–recovered–vaccination1–vaccination2–death model to verify the effect of the first and second vaccination doses on reducing the number of infected individuals in Japan; this includes an infection simulation. The results confirm that appropriate vaccination measures will sufficiently reduce the number of infected individuals and reduce the mortality rate.</p></abstract>
8
Iman Murahman, Hizir Sofyan, Marthoenis, Said Usman, Irwan Saputra1, Aryandi Darwis, Riski Muhammad, Mohd. Ichsan, and Nurliana. "Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Aceh in 2021." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v11i2.900.
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Indonesia has set strategies to overcome this pandemic problem, one of which is preventing the spread of COVID-19 which is very easily transmitted to individuals by vaccinations are carried out in every workplace, or government, one of which is hospitals and health centers in Aceh which are the referral places for patients treatment and vaccinations. This study aims to the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination coverage Aceh in 2021. The sample in this study is the achievement vaccination in 23 districts of Aceh. The results showed the average proportion vaccine coverage in Aceh was 69.30% with a minimum percentage of 46% and the highest percentage of 102%. Then the analysis showed that the vaccinator HR a value of p = 0.0001 that was a significant between the vaccinator HR and the vaccine coverage. HR planning should be prepared thoroughly so that it will minimize the possibility of mistakes in the future.
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Kusumo, Bambang Ali, Muhamad Mahrus Setia Wijaksana, Fatma Ulfatun Najicha, Ariesty Fujiastuti, and Abdul Kadir Jaelani. "COVID-19 vaccination service." International journal of health sciences 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.2954.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to discuss potential legal complications as well as the protection of health care employees involved in COVID-19 immunization services at HSFs. COVID-19 instances are increasing at an alarming rate, and strict health norms are falling behind. COVID-19 vaccinations are critical to halting the virus's transmission in the community, reducing disease-related suffering and mortality, boosting herd immunity, and protecting the community from COVID-19 while social and economic activities are restored. COVID-19 vaccination, on the other hand, continues to confront obstacles as a result of public rejection. This scientific publication is based on a normative legal approach. The public's refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine results in a plethora of complications, including public misconceptions and suspicions of vaccination conspiracies by healthcare professionals. According to a review of the literature, health workers who provide COVID-19 vaccination services in Indonesia are legally protected if they follow established procedures. Medical Practice Law No. 29 of 2004, Presidential Regulation No. 14 of 2021, Health Minister of Republic Indonesia Regulations No. 269 and 290, and Decree of the Minister of Public Health HK.01.07/Menkes/413/2020 concerning Coronavirus Disease Prevention and Control 2019 all provide legal protection for health workers.
10
Darmayanti, Putu Ayu Ratna, Ni Komang Sri Ariani, and Wulan Tertiana Santhi. "Pencegahan Pengendalian Infeksi Covid-19 dengan Menjadi Vaksinator Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan." Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (Pamas) 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2023): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52643/pamas.v7i3.2316.
Full textAbstract:
The government has targeted for the entire community to get vaccination to lower the COVID-19 pain and death figures. Indonesia's COVID-19 vaccination for the general public is given as much as 2 times with a diverse vaccine type with a 0.5 ml dose of administration. However, the reality of the vaccinator power field is experiencing fatigue from the lack of HR. The aim of this activity was to assist vaccinator power, increase vaccination coverage and succeed government programs to suppress the death rate due to COVID-19. Devotion to the community with COVID-19 vaccinator activities in the working area of Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan was conducted for 1 week on September 13–17, 2021. The initial stage was made an approach on the head of Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan and the chairman of the COVID-19 vaccinator team and conducted the briefing before starting vaccination. Then, continued with vaccination activities on table 1 and 2, providing satisfaction level questionnaires on the community who had been obtaining vaccination in the observation room for 30 minutes. The servicer activity was conducted on 750 people of the community in the South Denpasar II Puskesmas working area for 1 week. The result earned was that of most of the communities that followed the activities of the 31-59-year-old COVID-19 vaccination of 46.4%. Most are female-sex 51.9% and most are high school-educated at 42.3%. The level of community satisfaction at the service of the COVID-19 vaccinator in the South Denpasar II Public Health Center that is almost the entire community is satisfied by 78.51%. COVID-19 Vaccinator activity was significantly influential to the increased scope of vaccination participants daily targets. It is expected that the COVID-19 vaccinator officer can continue to cooperate with the health college in the hosting of vaccination by keeping compliance with health protocols.
Keyword: COVID-19 Vaccination, Vaccinator, Prevention, Control
11
Shafira Dyah Setyawati, Eustachius Hagni Wardoyo, and Linda Silvana Sari. "Qualitative analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice of academic community of Mataram University regarding COVID-19 vaccine refusal, vaccination obligation and cultural barriers." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.3.0354.
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Background: COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has spread rapidly throughout the country, so the government implemented COVID-19 vaccination program. This program raises differences in public perception of COVID-19 vaccination, includes polemics against religion and beliefs, vaccinations as right or obligation, as well as refusal against vaccines. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive study that focuses on knowledge, attitudes and behavior on three themes, namely obligation and voluntary for vaccination, the right to refuse vaccination, as well as social, religious and cultural barriers in accepting vaccination. This study uses purposive sampling with FGD technique in academic community in University of Mataram who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total 11 lecturers and students met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in FGD. There were 11 sub-themes found. Participant knowledge is good, represented by knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination policy, benefits of COVID-19 vaccine policy and sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of participants' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine were positive and viewed the polemic of refusing vaccinations and vaccinations as right or obligation as a conditional matter. Social barrier is considered the biggest barrier to COVID-19 vaccination. Participant behavior regarding vaccine availability varied and some participants willing to help increase vaccination in the community. Conclusion: FGD Participants have good knowledge ofCOVID-19 vaccination policy. The attitudes of FGD participants showed that there were variations in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, vaccines as mandatory or voluntary, refusal to vaccinate and COVID-19 barrier vaccinations. Participant behavior varies in willingness to vaccine and some participants willing to participate in increasing vaccination in the community.
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Phan, Colleen, Brandon Mercado, Justin Travis, and Ginny Webb. "Identifying the Predictors of Pediatric Vaccine Uptake during the COVID-19 Pandemic." COVID 4, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid4040033.
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Identifying determinants of vaccination uptake is critical for public and community health. The population became divided in regard to preventative measures and vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, there are varying opinions on decisions to vaccinate children against childhood diseases and COVID-19. Recent findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing vaccine hesitancy. Here, we assess vaccine hesitancy in parents by identifying predictors of vaccine acceptance by parents during the COVID-19 pandemic using a survey given to parents in South Carolina. Knowledge about COVID-19 and vaccinations affects vaccination intentions. Age, education, gender, and politics were also found to predict parents’ decisions about vaccinating their kids. Understanding potential barriers to vaccine acceptance will aid healthcare providers and public health entities to better reach the community.
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Houghton, Damon E., Anand Padmanabhan, Aneel A. Ashrani, Ewa Wysokinska, Rahul Chaudhary, Leslie Padrnos, Rajiv K. Pruthi, Meera Sridharan, Surbhi Shah, and Waldemar E. Wysokinski. "Deep Vein Thrombosis after COVID-19 Vaccinations." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151396.
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Abstract Background: COVID-19 vaccinations in the United States (Janssen, Moderna, and Pfizer) have been deemed generally safe and effective. Rare thrombotic events, now termed vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), have been reported after the Janssen and Moderna vaccinations. With millions of vaccinations being administered to adults, it is expected that some deep vein thrombosis (DVT) will occur coincidentally with vaccination. Whether COVID-19 vaccinations may contribute to DVT risk more generally (outside of VITT) has not been well studied outside of the initial clinical trials. Aims: Evaluate trends in DVT diagnosis before and after COVID-19 vaccination Methods: Vaccinated patients ≥ 18 years between 11/6/2020 through 6/1/2021 were analyzed using electronic medical records across the Mayo Clinic enterprise. Upper and lower DVT venous Duplex ultrasound (DUS) reports occurring 90 days before and after vaccination date (first dose for Pfizer and Moderna vaccines) were extracted and analyzed with a highly accurate, previously validated, Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm for acute DVT. Results: 382,527 patients with at least 1 COVID-19 vaccination were identified. The median age was 61 (IQR 44-72) and 55.3% were male. Pfizer was the most common vaccine administered (n=245,572, 64.2%), followed by Moderna (n=120,683, 31.6%) and Janssen (n=16,272, 4.3%). Most patients (91.5%) receiving vaccinations were from states with Mayo Clinic health services (Minnesota, n=197,834; Wisconsin, n=80,720; Florida, n=42,391; Arizona, n=28,882). The mean age at vaccination was 61.0 (SD 17.7), 56.5 (SD 19.1), and 54.7 (SD 16.3) for Moderna, Pfizer, and Janssen vaccines respectively. Women were most likely to receive the Pfizer (56.3%) compared to Moderna (54.1%) and Janssen (49.5%) vaccines. Non-white patients were most likely to receive Janssen (21%) compared to Moderna (7.7%) and Pfizer (8.2%) vaccines. Among all patients, 7,265 upper and lower venous DUS were performed in 5,960 patients. Figure 1 shows the utilization of DUS before and after COVID-19 vaccination and shows that more patients underwent DUS in the 90 days after vaccination compared to 90 days pre-vaccination. Acute DVT was identified by the NLP algorithm in 808 (714 patients) ultrasounds (11.1%); 656 out of 6136 lower extremity DUS (10.7%) and 152 out of 1129 upper extremity DUS (13.5%). The overall rate of acute DVT (upper and lower) was 1.86 per 1000 patients, consistent with the expected background epidemiologic rate. Figure 2 shows the daily probability of acute DVT by ultrasound report in the 90 days before and after vaccination with a linear regression best fit line showing no overall correlation (R 2 = 0.0). Overall acute DVT post-vaccination occurred on 10.8% of DUS compared to 11.6% pre-vaccination (p=0.28). Among ultrasound reports in Janssen vaccinated patients, 7.0% of post-vaccination compared to 18.0% of pre-vaccination were positive for acute DVT (p=0.003). Among ultrasound reports in Moderna vaccinated patients, 11.0% of post-vaccination compared to 12.7% of pre-vaccination were positive for acute DVT (p=0.15). Among ultrasound reports in Pfizer vaccinated patients, 11.0% of post-vaccination compared to 10.4% of pre-vaccination were positive for acute DVT (p=0.56). Using a Cox proportional hazard model, pre vs post-vaccination time among the same patient cohort was compared for each vaccine. The hazard ratio for DVT post-vaccination was 0.68 (95% CI 0.34-1.38) for Janssen, 1.08 (95% CI 0.86-1.35) for Moderna, and 1.20 (95% CI 0.99-1.46) for Pfizer. After adjusting for age and sex, Pfizer and Janssen's vaccines did not have different risks for DVT compared to Moderna in the 90 days post-vaccination (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.98-1.25 and HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.42-1.32 respectively). Conclusions: In this large cohort of COVID-19 vaccinated patients, no increased risk for acute DVT post-vaccination was identified for any of the approved vaccinations in the United States. Additionally, no significant difference was seen in the risk for DVT post-vaccination when comparing each vaccine to each other. The probability of acute DVT on ultrasounds in the 90 days post-vaccination was lower than the pre-vaccination period with the Janssen vaccine possibly indicating over-testing in this group. These results provide additional reassurance of the safety of approved COVID-19 vaccines. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Padmanabhan: Veralox Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Pruthi: HEMA Biologics: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria; Genentech: Honoraria; Instrumentation Laboratory: Honoraria; Bayer Healthcare AG: Honoraria; Merck: Honoraria.
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Mäki, Karl O., Linda C. Karlsson, Johanna K. Kaakinen, Philipp Schmid, Stephan Lewandowsky, Jan Antfolk, and Anna Soveri. "COVID-19 and influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 30, 2024): e0308159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308159.
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Health communicators are faced with the challenge that people can hesitate vaccines for different reasons. Our aim was to identify and describe the qualities of distinct COVID-19 and influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups to facilitate the development of tailored vaccine-hesitancy communication. In two studies, we used agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to identify COVID-19 (N = 554) and influenza (N = 539) vaccine-hesitancy subgroups in the general population based on nine vaccine hesitancy-related variables (intent to get vaccinated, perceived vaccine safety, perceived vaccine efficacy, perceived disease threat, perceived vaccination responsibility, perceived vaccination convenience, distrust in authorities, conspiracy mentality, and reliance on anecdotal testimonies). We identified and described six distinct COVID-19 vaccine-hesitancy subgroups (the Vaccination Positive, the Ambivalent, the Fearing Skeptic, the Unconvinced, the Constrained Skeptic, and the Vaccination Opponent), and three influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups (the Vaccination Positive, the Complacent, and the Vaccination Opponent), with different levels of hesitancy. We discuss the implications of the results for health communicators. Our results shed light on the (dis)similarities between people who hesitate COVID-19 and influenza vaccines and suggest that there is greater variety in hesitancy concerning COVID-19 vaccinations than influenza vaccinations. These findings can be used to design and test tailored vaccination messages.
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Pastorino, Roberta, Leonardo Villani, Marco Mariani, Walter Ricciardi, Guendalina Graffigna, and Stefania Boccia. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Flu and COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among University Students." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020070.
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Flu vaccination for the general population, and specifically for vulnerable subgroups, brings the potential to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mobility, mortality, and hospitalizations. In Italy, flu vaccination is recommended to all ≥6 months of age, even if it is only free of charge for specific categories. We investigated the intentions towards flu and COVID-19 vaccinations from a sample of 436 Italian university students. Results of a web-based survey show that 77.52% of them were willing to get the flu vaccine and 94.73% were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when available. We identified positive predictive factors to undertake flu vaccination as being a medical student, having undertaken a previous vaccination against flu, and having a high level of concern and perceived vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic. Reinforced public health activities might consider engaging university students a as possible “positive influencer” towards flu and COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Cristian, Daniel, Zyad Rusdi, Desella Chandra, and Tji Beng Jap. "COVID-19 Vaccination Geographic Information System Application." International Journal of Application on Sciences, Technology and Engineering 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ijaste.v1.i1.48-53.
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COVID-19 is an infectious disease that was first discovered in Wuhan. This virus is transmitted through physical contact between humans. However, the government found a way to protect people against this virus, which is through vaccination. This geographic information system application for COVID-19 vaccination was created with the aim of providing important information to the public regarding the dangers of the COVID-19 virus, from its variants, to how it spreads. This website provides important information about vaccinations as well as vaccine information that has been provided to the public which is presented using GIS maps. This website also shows data from hospitals that provide vaccinations. All of this is provided so that the public gets access to important information about vaccinations and also COVID-19. The area limitation of this application is in DKI Jakarta and the vaccination data is from June 2021 to November 2021.
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Sherlyna Prihandhani, IGAA, and Mnde Oktaviani Bulan Trisna. "Evaluasi Kepatuhan Pelaksanaan Program Vaksinasi Covid-19." Jurnal Keperawatan Malang (JKM) 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36916/jkm.v8i2.209.
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The implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program is expected to gradually reach all target targets. To strengthen the prevention program through vaccination, 5M health protocols also need to be implemented to minimize the spread of COVID-19. The success of the Covid-19 vaccination program will be measured by identifying which parties are working with the government to foster cooperation, and this will provide an overview of how the policy or program is implemented. his research is qualitative. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the primary and booster vaccination programs is important to prevent non-compliance with vaccination patients to minimize the transmission of COVID-19. This program is carried out for a week by giving interviews to vaccination program holders at UPTD Puskesmas. Data will be analyzed univariately in the elaboration Evaluation of the implementation of the primary and booster vaccination programs in terms of patient compliance at the Mengwi I Health Center. The output of this study shows that the achievement indicator of success in winning the primary reaches 100%, but for the implementation of booster activation, the indicator of success only reaches 70%. The implementation of primary vaccination is carried out more evenly when compared to the implementation of booster vaccinations. Thus, It is hoped that the administration of vaccines can be carried out evenly so that a healthy community is created and the whole community receives vaccinations
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De Michele, Manuela, Joshua Kahan, Irene Berto, Oscar G. Schiavo, Marta Iacobucci, Danilo Toni, and Alexander E. Merkler. "Cerebrovascular Complications of COVID-19 and COVID-19 Vaccination." Circulation Research 130, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 1187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.122.319954.
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The risk of stroke and cerebrovascular disease complicating infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively reported since the onset of the pandemic. The striking efforts of many scientists in cooperation with regulators and governments worldwide have rapidly brought the development of a large landscape of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The novel DNA and mRNA vaccines have offered great flexibility in terms of antigen production and led to an unprecedented rapidity in effective and safe vaccine production. However, as mass vaccination has progressed, rare but catastrophic cases of thrombosis have occurred in association with thrombocytopenia and antibodies against PF4 (platelet factor 4). This catastrophic syndrome has been named vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Rarely, ischemic stroke can be the symptom onset of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia or can complicate the course of the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of stroke and cerebrovascular disease as a complication of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and outline the main clinical and radiological characteristics of cerebrovascular complications of vaccinations, with a focus on vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Based on the available data from the literature and from our experience, we propose a therapeutic protocol to manage this challenging condition. Finally, we highlight the overlapping pathophysiologic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination leading to thrombosis.
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Pryor, Grace E., Kelsea Marble, Ferdinand T. Velasco, Christoph U. Lehmann, and Mujeeb A. Basit. "COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Resource Calculator." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 04 (August 2021): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733849.
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Abstract Background Despite the recent emergency use authorization of two vaccines for the prevention of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease, vaccination rates are lower than expected. Vaccination efforts may be hampered by supply, delivery, storage, patient prioritization, administration infrastructure or logistics problems. To address the last issue, our institution is sharing publically a calculator to optimize the management of staffing and facility resources in an outpatient mass vaccination effort. Objective By sharing our calculator locally and through this paper, we aim to help health organizations administering vaccines optimize resource allocation while maximizing efficiency. Methods Our calculator determines the maximum number of vaccinations that can be administered per hour, the number of check-in staff (clerks) needed, the number of vaccination staff (nurses) needed, and the required room capacity needed for the vaccination and the mandatory 15-minute observation period after inoculation. Results We provide a functional version of the calculator, allowing users to replicate the calculation for their own vaccine events. Conclusion An efficient and organized vaccination program is critical to halting the spread of COVID-19. By sharing this calculator, it is our hope that other organizations may use it to facilitate rapid and efficient vaccination.
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Maria Theresia, Siwi Ikaristi, and Mark Donald C. Reñosa. "Accelerating COVID-19 Vaccination Amid Natural Disasters in Indonesia." Malaysian Journal of Nursing 14, no. 03 (2023): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2023.v14i03.024.
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The COVID-19 vaccination program continues to be intensified around the world to control widespread coronavirus which continues to mutate. Indonesia affected by COVID-19 and currently accelerating vaccination to the entire population throughout the archipelago in achieving herd immunity. The biggest challenge experienced by Indonesia at this moment is delivering COVID-19 vaccination during the event of natural disasters that continue to occur during 2020-2021 pandemic. This article written based on a review of legitimate Indonesian government sources, supported by research articles and official online news published in English and Indonesian language. The review indicated that Indonesian government committed to accelerate the vaccination with various measures. The Indonesian government's policy, Presidential Decree no. 99 year 2020 specified the provision and implementation of COVID-19 vaccine and initialization of the program across all regions. The government synergizes with community, while cross-sectoral collaboration highly visible upon the developed strategies amid disasters events. The strategies include mapping of disaster area, execute vaccinations in disaster areas, involving military and police in the national vaccine program, and introductory of proactive vaccination procedure by taking advantages of central public facilities for vaccination venue and involvement of health students serving as the vaccinator team. The results of this hard work have been proven to stimulate positive impact since Indonesia's vaccination rate has beyond the WHO target. 93.86% of the Indonesian population have received first dose vaccination, while 75.67% completed two-doses and 9.52% received third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Indonesia is shifting the country status from pandemic to endemic.
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Govender, Kaymarlin, Patrick Nyamaruze, Neil McKerrow, Anna Meyer-Weitz, and Richard G. Cowden. "COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents in Africa: aligning our priorities to situational realities." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 2 (February 2022): e007839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007839.
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The evolving COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global public health crisis that continues to have a major impact on the African continent. Most countries within Africa are facing significant challenges vaccinating their populations for COVID-19. Inadequate COVID-19 vaccine supply, weaknesses in health system infrastructure, COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation, and ineffective health risk communication are contributing to low adult vaccination rates on the continent. Without sufficient COVID-19 vaccine coverage on the African continent, the prolonged social, economic and health impacts of this public health crisis are likely to exacerbate pre-existing social-structural issues in this part of the world. In this paper, we highlight trends in SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and adolescents (CA), compare COVID-19 vaccination patterns in Africa to those in high-income countries, and discuss some of the benefits, challenges and unknowns associated with vaccinating CA for COVID-19. In light of ongoing COVID-19 vaccine supply challenges and the slow progress that the African continent is making towards vaccinating the adult population, we suggest that the immediate priority for Africa is to accelerate COVID-19 vaccinations among adults (particularly high-risk populations) and vulnerable CA (ie, those who are immunocompromised and/or living with certain medical conditions). Accelerating the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines and rapidly achieving high levels of vaccination coverage in the adult population will free up capacity to vaccinate CA sooner rather than later. While we hope that COVID-19 vaccines will soon become available to CA throughout Africa, countries must continue to prioritise non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Hoxha, Ilir, Riaz Agahi, Altina Bimbashi, Mrika Aliu, Lul Raka, Ilirjana Bajraktari, Petrit Beqiri, and Lisa V. Adams. "Higher COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Are Associated with Lower COVID-19 Mortality: A Global Analysis." Vaccines 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010074.
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Mass vaccination initiatives are underway worldwide, and a considerable percentage of the world’s population is now vaccinated. This study examined the association of COVID-19 deaths per 1000 cases with a fully vaccinated population. The global median deaths per 1000 cases were 15.68 (IQR 9.84, 25.87) after 6 months of vaccinations and 11.96 (IQR 6.08, 20.63) after 12 months. Across 164 countries, we found significant variations in vaccination levels of populations, booster doses, and mortality, with higher vaccine coverage and lower mortality in high-income countries. Several regression models were performed to test the association between vaccination and COVID-19 mortality. Control variables were used to account for confounding variables. A 10-percentage-point increase in vaccination was associated with an 18.1% decrease in mortality after 6 months (95%CI, 7.4–28.8%) and a 16.8% decrease after 12 months (95%CI, 6.9–26.7%). A 10-percentage-point increase in booster vaccination rates was associated with a 33.1% decrease in COVID-19 mortality (95%CI, 16.0–50.2%). This relationship is present in most analyses by country income groups with variations in the effect size. Efforts are needed to reduce vaccine hesitancy while ensuring suitable infrastructure and supply to enable all countries to increase their vaccination rates.
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Park, Dong Choon, Joon Hyung Yeo, and Seung Geun Yeo. "Abnormal uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea." Journal of Immunology 212, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2024): 0114_4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.212.supp.0114.4177.
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Abstract Background: Various adverse reactions have been reported after vaccination against COVID-19. Objective: Few studies to date, however, have analyzed uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination. The present study therefore evaluated the incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea. Methods: Data on suspected adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination reported to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency from February 26, 2021, to June 29, 2023 (week 121), were analyzed. Subjects who experienced abnormal uterine bleeding were identified, and the incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding was compared among the types of COVID-19 vaccines administered. Results: . During the study period, 135,894,788 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered, with suspected adverse reactions occurring after administration of 483,391 doses (3.56 adverse reactions per 1,000 vaccinations) and abnormal uterine bleeding observed after administration of 6,288 doses (4.9 per 100,000 vaccinations). Conclusions: Abnormal uterine bleeding was the fifteenth most common adverse reaction after COVID-19 vaccination. Studies are needed to clarify the causal relationships of vaccination and type of vaccine with abnormal uterine bleeding, as well as to develop protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination.
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Huamán-Saavedra, Juan Jorge. "Vaccination and COVID-19." Revista Médica de Trujillo 16, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2021.v16i03.01.
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Huamán-Saavedra, Juan Jorge. "Vaccination and COVID-19." Revista Médica de Trujillo 16, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2021.v16i03.01.
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Yang, Manfei, Leiyu Shi, Haiqian Chen, Xiaohan Wang, Jun Jiao, Meiheng Liu, Junyan Yang, and Gang Sun. "Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine Policies in Italy, India, and South Africa." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091554.
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(1) Purpose: This study aimed to analyze coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine policies and their effectiveness in Italy, India, and South Africa to provide empirical experience for vaccination and COVID-19 pandemic control. (2) Methods: The study systematically summarized the COVID-19 vaccine policies in Italy, India, and South Africa through public information available on the official websites of the World Health Organization and the ministries of health in these three countries. Total vaccinations, COVID-19 vaccination rates, rates of fully vaccinated, rates of booster-vaccinated, and total confirmed cases were selected for cross-sectional comparison of COVID-19 vaccination in these three countries. Daily cases per million, daily deaths per million, and the effective reproduction rate were calculated to measure the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine policies implementation in each of these three countries. (3) Results: Italy, India, and South Africa differ in the start date of COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine types, vaccine appointments, and whether vaccinations are free. The COVID-19 vaccination rates in these three countries varied widely, with Italy having the highest and South Africa the lowest. COVID-19 vaccination has had a positive effect on reducing daily deaths and stabilizing the effective reproduction rate. The three countries had experienced more than one outbreak spike due to the spread of new mutated strains since the start of COVID-19 vaccination. (4) Conclusions: This study concluded that responding to the COVID-19 pandemic requires active promotion of basic and booster vaccinations to comprehensively build up the population immune barrier. Promoting equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccine internationally and solidarity and cooperation among countries maximizes global common interests. By combining vaccination with non-pharmaceutical interventions, the pandemic can be prevented and controlled comprehensively and systematically in three aspects: detection of the source of infection, reduction of transmission routes, and protection of susceptible populations.
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Uematsu, Takayoshi. "COVID-19 vaccination-related unilateral lymphadenopathy: Lymphadenopathy awareness after COVID-19 vaccinations." Nihon Nyugan Kenshin Gakkaishi (Journal of Japan Association of Breast Cancer Screening) 30, no. 2 (2021): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3804/jjabcs.30.231.
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Boyle, Therese, Emma O’Lone, Elaine Phua, Janet Anderson, Amanda Mather, and Suran L. Fernando. "Subsequent COVID-19 Prophylaxis in COVID-19 Associated Glomerulopathies." Vaccines 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071152.
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Successful vaccination has been the decisive factor in the overall decline of SARS-CoV2 infection related morbidity and mortality. However, global effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing, with reports of glomerular disease occurring in relation to both infection and vaccination. A particular rise in anti-GBM disease has been identified. Information is still emerging regarding the optimal management of such cases. We reviewed anti-GBM antibody detection rates at our test center over the past 5 years. We followed three patients with biopsy confirmed glomerular disease temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination. Each patient proceeded to receive subsequent COVID-19 vaccination as per immunologist recommendations. Further assessment included COVID-19 antibody testing in each case. A three-fold increase in significant anti-GBM antibody results noted at our center was associated with COVID infection in 10% of cases, and COVID vaccination in 25% of cases. We demonstrated that subsequent vaccination did not appear to lead to adverse effects including relapse in our three cases of COVID-19 vaccine-associated GN. We also identified positive COVID-19 antibody levels in two out of three cases, despite immunosuppression. We report a rise in anti-GBM antibody disease incidence. Our small study suggests that COVID-19 antibody testing can help determine COVID prophylaxis requirements, and subsequent vaccination with an alternative vaccine type appears safe.
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Ma, Alfred, and Hairong Liu. "Navigating Organizational Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination Policy." Physician Leadership Journal 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55834/plj.7395214186.
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Most medical professionals and scientists support getting vaccinations as the ethical thing to do. However, the higher law of common sense can be complicated by personal choices and, for some, can be challenging to follow. Healthcare organizations should design voluntary vaccination programs that encourage stakeholders to comply. In addition, organizations should equip early adopters with essential knowledge and motivate them to educate their peers to boost vaccination rates. Vaccination continues to be the most effective way to mitigate infections from the COVID-19 virus. However, mandating vaccination raises too many challenges. Therefore, precautionary measures and vigorous vaccine campaigns are still the best approaches to addressing the pandemic.
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Root-Bernstein, Robert. "Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination Rates and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Rates Set Geographical and Ethnic Population Susceptibility to Serious COVID-19 Cases and Deaths." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050474.
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This study examines the relationship of pneumococcal vaccination rates, influenza, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccinations (DTP), polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), and Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (tuberculosis) vaccination rates to COVID-19 case and death rates for 51 nations that have high rates of COVID-19 testing and for which nearly complete childhood, at-risk adult and elderly pneumococcal vaccination data were available. The study is unique in a large number of nations examined, the range of vaccine controls, in testing effects of combinations of vaccinations, and in examining the relationship of COVID-19 and vaccination rates to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Analysis of Italian regions and the states of the United States were also performed. Significant positive correlations were found between IPD (but not lower respiratory infections) and COVID-19 rates, while significant negative correlations were found between pneumococcal vaccination and COVID-19 rates. Influenza and MMR vaccination rates were negatively correlated with lower respiratory infection (LRI) rates and may synergize with pneumococcal vaccination rates to protect against COVID-19. Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates were independent of other vaccination rates. These results suggest that endemic rates of bacterial pneumonias, for which pneumococci are a sentinel, may set regional and national susceptibility to severe COVID-19 disease and death.
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Kurniawan, Adi, Sukamto Koesnoe, Evy Yunihastuti, and Hamzah Shatri. "Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccine Hypersensitivity Reactions and Success of COVID-19 Vaccine Provocation Tests Post Previous COVID-19 Vaccine Hypersensitivity." Medicines 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2024): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines11060012.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to high mortality rates. There have been reports of hypersensitivity reactions with mild to severe symptoms. The COVID-19 vaccine provocation test is a vaccination protocol for individuals with a history of hypersensitivity. This study aims to determine the benefits of COVID-19 vaccine provocation tests in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines and its influencing factors. Objective: To determine the incidence, severity, outcome of hypersensitivity reactions, and success of the COVID-19 vaccine provocation test. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, using subjects taken from medical record data at the RSCM who had received COVID-19 vaccination with a history of hypersensitivity. Data was taken from the COVID-19 vaccination records at the RSCM, BPJS Health Primary Care application. Results: From a total of 29,036 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, 44 patients experienced hypersensitivity reactions. As many as 38.64% did not continue vaccination, 2.27% experienced mild hypersensitivity, and 59.44% were successfully vaccinated. Conclusions: People with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines can still receive subsequent COVID-19 vaccinations at healthcare facilities equipped with anaphylaxis kits and immunology allergists.
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Jonathan, Thian Hooi Yong, Xun Quan Sze, Thiam Seong Lim Christopher, and Bak Leong Goh. "De Novo Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) Post Covid 19 Vaccination: Case Series in A Single Centre in Malaysia." NOVEMBER 2023 19, no. 6 (November 13, 2023): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.6.47.
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Introduction: Mass COVID-19 vaccination has been pivotal in the fight against this pandemic. The occurrence of glomerular disease following COVID-19 vaccinations particularly mRNA vaccine has been reported. The reported cases in the region are limited and number of cases reported are low in contrast to the total number of vaccine doses given worldwide, the healthcare providers should be alerted about such issues to provide swift and proper management. Case Series: Here, we report 3 cases of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) following COVID-19 vaccination and their outcomes. Two of the patients received BNT162b2 vaccination and one received CoronaVac vaccination. The mean age of the patients was 33+/-7 years old. The mean duration onset of FSGS was 23+/-19 days post vaccinations. Two of the patients (BNT162b2 vaccination and CoronaVac vaccination) achieved complete remission after corticosteroid therapy. This is the first reported case of De Novo FSGS following CoronaVac vaccination in the literature. The third patient, who received BNT162b2 vaccination and presented late (42 days post vaccination) was not in remission despite three months of immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion: The treating physician needs to be aware of the possibility of the development of FSGS associated with COVID-19 vaccination and how to proceed with vaccination schedule in these populations. Overall, the advantage of COVID-19 vaccination far outweighs the possibility of COVID-19 vaccine-associated glomerular disease.
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Abd Rahman, Noor Amira Syazwani, Soon-Yew Ju, Jamal Rizal Razali, Nur Hazirah Hamdan, Mohd Rozaimy Ridzuan, and Lai-Kuan Kong. "Post-COVID-19 Malaysian parents’ views on children’s vaccination: subjective norms analysis." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2024): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i5.29396.
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<span>Vaccinating children is a critical life-saving measure that ensures herd immunity and saves numerous lives. However, the rising trend of parental refusal to vaccinate poses a significant threat to disease containment within societies. Amid the widespread COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, this study examines how subjective standards impact parents’ vaccination intentions and behaviors. Lockdowns and travel restrictions during the pandemic caused a decline in vaccination rates due to missed appointments for children’s vaccinations. Even post-pandemic, some parents persist in refusing vaccination for their children. Conducting an online survey and employing quantitative, the study collected data from parents with children aged 1 day to 15 years old. Analyzing the data through IBM SPSS and employing SmartPLS 4.0.9.5 software, specifically using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), revealed significant insights. The findings indicate that parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children significantly predicts their actual vaccination behavior. Moreover, social norms positively influence parental vaccination intentions. The study highlights the mediating role of vaccination intention between social norms and actual vaccination behavior among parents. Overall, this empirical research strongly supports the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model, emphasizing the importance of targeting social norms to foster vaccination behavior and elevate vaccination rates.</span>
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Lincoln, Andrew E., Alicia M. Dixon-Ibarra, John P. Hanley, Ashlyn L. Smith, Kiki Martin, and Alicia Bazzano. "Global report on COVID-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities: Results from secondary analyses of Special Olympics’ program planning." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): e0001367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001367.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with intellectual disabilities worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify global rates of COVID-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) associated with country economic income levels. The Special Olympics COVID-19 online survey was administered in January-February 2022 to adults with ID from 138 countries. Descriptive analyses of survey responses include 95% margins of error. Logistic regression and Pearson Chi-squared tests were calculated to assess associations with predictive variables for vaccination using R 4.1.2 software. Participants (n = 3560) represented 18 low (n = 410), 35 lower-middle (n = 1182), 41 upper-middle (n = 837), and 44 high (n = 1131) income countries. Globally, 76% (74.8–77.6%) received a COVID-19 vaccination while 49.5% (47.9–51.2%) received a COVID-19 booster. Upper-middle (93% (91.2–94.7%)) and high-income country (94% (92.1–95.0%)) participants had the highest rates of vaccination while low-income countries had the lowest rates (38% (33.3–42.7%)). In multivariate regression models, country economic income level (OR = 3.12, 95% CI [2.81, 3.48]), age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.03, 1.05]), and living with family (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.53, 0.92]) were associated with vaccination. Among LLMICs, the major reason for not vaccinating was lack of access (41.2% (29.5–52.9%)). Globally, concerns about side effects (42%, (36.5–48.1%)) and parent/guardian not wanting the adult with ID to vaccinate (32% (26.1–37.0%)) were the most common reasons for not vaccinating. Adults with ID from low and low-middle income countries reported fewer COVID-19 vaccinations, suggesting reduced access and availability of resources in these countries. Globally, COVID-19 vaccination levels among adults with ID were higher than the general population. Interventions should address the increased risk of infection for those in congregate living situations and family caregiver apprehension to vaccinate this high-risk population.
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Choi, Kate H., Patrick A. Denice, and Sagi Ramaj. "Vaccine and COVID-19 Trajectories." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211052946.
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Vaccine equity holds the key to ending the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Yet most prior work on vaccine equity has compared vaccine uptake across neighborhoods with varying sociodemographic composition or assessed whether vaccine disparity across neighborhoods has diminished over time. Researchers seldom examine the extent to which vaccination helps reduce inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19 across neighborhoods. Using administrative data from the City of Toronto, the authors compare the vaccine trajectories of neighborhoods with low, moderate, and high COVID-19 rates. The authors also examine whether disparities in COVID-19 rates have narrowed or widened as vaccinations have become more available. By mid-June 2021, differences in vaccination rates by neighborhoods’ COVID-19 levels were small, but disparities in COVID-19 rates across neighborhoods persisted. Equality in vaccination rates is not a silver bullet to reducing inequalities in COVID-19 infections across neighborhoods with varying sociodemographic characteristics and likely variations in exposure to the COVID-19 virus.
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Abdullah, Juwita Rizkiyawati. "The urgency of Mandatory Provision of Covid-19 Vaccination Public Services." Estudiante Law Journal 4, no. 2 (February 23, 2023): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v4i2.18186.
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The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the covid-19 vaccination against the provision of public services in Talaga Jaya District and the urgency of providing covid-19 vaccination requirements for the provision of public services by the Talaga Jaya District government This type of research is qualitative field research and uses random sampling. The population in the study is the people who have carried out the covid-19 vaccination. Data collection was carried out with interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The results showed that in the process of implementing the COVID-19 vaccination, there were problems. Therefore, to reach the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination evenly, the sub-district government and village government carry out mass and door-to-door vaccinations. In the implementation of the covid-19 vaccination, it has been regulated in presidential regulation number 14 of 2021 where people who refuse the vaccine will be subject to sanctions. The policy raises polemics because vaccinations are supposed to be voluntary because they relate to the individual freedom of citizens
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Di Giuseppe, Gabriella, Concetta Paola Pelullo, Raffaele Lanzano, Chiara Lombardi, Giuseppe Nese, and Maria Pavia. "COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and Related Determinants in Detained Subjects in Italy." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050673.
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Background: This study explored the extent of COVID-19 vaccination coverage and investigated drivers and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people in prison. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to October 2021 among 517 detained people in the Campania region of South Italy. Results: In total, 47.1% of participants expressed a high concern about contracting COVID-19 after vaccination, whereas 60.6% and 53.8% of respondents reported a positive attitude towards usefulness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. Adherence to the active offer of COVID-19 vaccination involved 89.7% of detained subjects. COVID-19 vaccination uptake was significantly higher in females, and in those who reported influenza vaccination uptake, had received information about COVID-19 vaccination from media and newspapers, did not express need of additional information about COVID-19 vaccine, believed that COVID-19 vaccine is safe, were involved in working activities in the prison, and had a high school or university degree. Conclusions: These findings showed a high self-reported COVID-19 vaccination coverage in detained subjects, supporting the effectiveness of the strategy aimed at giving priority to COVID-19 vaccinations in prisons. Further efforts are needed to contrast the hesitancy of those who refused vaccination to increase their confidence about usefulness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Boyd, Amanda D., and Dedra Buchwald. "Factors That Influence Risk Perceptions and Successful COVID-19 Vaccination Communication Campaigns With American Indians." Science Communication 44, no. 1 (November 14, 2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10755470211056990.
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COVID-19 vaccinations are the primary tool to end the pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy continues to be a barrier to herd-immunity in the United States. American Indians (AI) often have higher levels of distrust in western medicine and lower levels of satisfaction with health care when compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Yet AIs have high COVID-19 vaccination rates. We discuss factors that influence AI risk perceptions of COVID-19 vaccinations including the impact of COVID-19 on AI Elders, community, and culture. We conclude with future research needs on vaccination communication and how culturally congruent communication campaigns may have contributed to high COVID-19 vaccination rates.
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Kim, Dae Jung, Jung Yeon Heo, and Hyun Soo Kim. "COVID-19 Vaccine and Psychosocial Challenges." Journal of Korean Diabetes 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4093/jkd.2021.22.3.185.
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It has been a year and half since the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of July 23, 2021, more than 193 million people worldwide have been confirmed to contract the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 4.15 million deaths. In Korea, about 185,000 people have been confirmed and 2,066 have died of COVID-19. Korea is in the middle of the fourth wave of trends, and the metropolitan area is in the top stage of social distancing. Since the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination began in the UK in December 2020, the number of people who complete vaccination is only 13.3% around the world, and many low-income countries have less than 5%. In Korea, the first vaccination rate was 32.27%, but only 13% completed the vaccination until July 23. As expected, there has been a lot of confusion, controversy, and even fake news and rumors over the past five months since the vaccination against COVID-19 began in Korea on February 26, 2021. People’s views on vaccination are bound to vary depending on their experience, perspective, and even political stance. In this article, we wanted to introduce the arguments and conflicts that could arise during vaccinations and suggest what we should think about so that many people can get vaccinated without hesitation.
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Wu, Vernon, Carlos A. Lopez, Adam M. Hines, and Jacqueline C. Barrientos. "Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 3 (March 2022): e247022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-247022.
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The development of vaccinations has been instrumental in the ongoing effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the benefits of vaccination are unquestionable, there have been reports of potentially rare life-threatening complications following vaccination including thrombocytopaenia, haemolytic anaemia, vasculitis and myocarditis. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare but life-threatening inflammatory condition, has also been described postadenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccination but it has never been reported post-messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination. We report two cases of HLH admitted to our hospital after administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We also searched the vaccine adverse event reporting system and found 50 reports of suspected HLH following COVID-19 vaccination. Presently, we cannot define a causality between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and HLH development. However, we hope the reporting of our two cases (and additional cases seen in the adverse event reporting database) will help us determine whether there is a potential relationship. Prompt recognition of this condition is of utmost importance to initiate life-saving therapy.
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Barus, Mardiati, Pomarida Simbolon, and Ertika Sari Uli Panjaitan. "Gambaran Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Vaksinasi Covid-19." Citra Delima : Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Citra Delima Bangka Belitung 6, no. 2 (November 28, 2022): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33862/citradelima.v6i2.294.
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Covid-19 is an infectious disease designated as a global health problem which as subsequently designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Starting in 2021, Covid-19 vaccinations have begun to be carried out in various countries, including Indonesia. Lack of public knowledge causes one of the factors that the implementation of vaccination is not optimal. One of the people's refusal is not to get vaccinated because people do not know the purpose of the vaccination. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of public knowledge about Covid-19 vaccination at Lumban Pinasa Village, Habinsaran District. The population in the study amount to 400 people, the sampling technique used the Slovin formula obtained as many as 80 people. This research use descriptive research method with the sampling technique is random sampling. The level of public knowledge about Covid-19 vaccination has good knowledge of 73 respondents (91.3%), and sufficient knowledge of 7 people (8.8%). It is hoped that the public will maintain knowledge about Covid-19 vaccination and continue to seek information related to Covid-19 vaccination.
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van Rooyen, Shirie, Martie Lubbe, Irma Kotze, and Nkengafac Villyen Motaze. "Possible Changes and Trends in Non-COVID-19 Vaccine-Prescribing Patterns before and during COVID-19 Pandemic." Vaccines 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2024): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060582.
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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many children missed their routine vaccinations globally. There is insufficient evidence on the trends in vaccination coverage in the private healthcare sector in South Africa. This study explored the changes in childhood vaccination patterns (non-COVID vaccines) in the private healthcare sector in South Africa using medicine claim data. Using the information on medication claims from a South African pharmaceutical benefit management (PBM) company, we performed a quantitative cross-sectional analysis comparing the period before (2018–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). All patients who made claims within the study period were included. This study included 67,830 children aged two years and younger. In particular, from 2018 to 2021, boys (52%) outnumbered girls (48%). Pharmacists consistently held the predominant prescriber role before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of children receiving non-COVID-19 vaccines was higher before the pandemic (60%) than during the pandemic (55%). Furthermore, there was a notable decline of 5% in measles vaccination rates during the children’s first year of life, while a notable increase was observed for measles (5%), hepatitis A (7.7%), and the pentavalent vaccine (5%) during the second year of life. Governments and private healthcare providers must take action to enhance vaccination coverage rates for children in their first year of life to prevent a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. The results obtained in this study underscore the significance of implementing vaccine catch-up campaigns to address missed vaccination opportunities arising from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, pharmacists emerged as the predominant healthcare providers responsible for administering vaccinations within the private healthcare sector in South Africa, both prior and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their pivotal role in the vaccination process warrants due recognition and should not be underestimated.
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Nugroho, Setiyo Adi. "Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efikasi Diri Orang Tua untuk Vaksinasi Covid 19 pada Anak Usia 6-11 di SD Kabupaten Probolinggo." Jurnal Keperawatan Profesional 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/jkp.v10i2.4920.
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Children are the future human capital asset of a country, so the Covid-19 pandemic that affects children must also be a concern, including the need for vaccinations for children. The government officially started vaccinating children aged 6-11 years on December 14 with a target number of around 26.5 million children. However, the success of Covid 19 vaccination in children must refer to the success of adult vaccination. Parents have an important role in children's Covid-19 vaccines, because the decision to vaccinate children lies with the parents. For this reason, parents must have high self-efficacy so that children can get Covid 19 vaccination. For this reason, parents must have high self-efficacy so that children can get Covid 19 vaccination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence parents' self-efficacy for Covid-19 vaccination in children aged 6-11 years. This research method is an analytical observational study with a quantitative approach. This research is a cross sectional study with a sample of 120 respondents. The sampling technique used is purpose sampling. Respondents in this study were parents in SD Probolinggo Regenc. Based on the results of the multiple linear regression test, it shows that there is a simultaneous influence between the independent variables consisting of X1 (individual belief) and X2 (attitude towards behavior) on Y (parental self-efficacy).
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Fakhriani, Rizka, Maria Ulfa, Nova Maryani, Sutantri Sutantri, Iman Permana, and Winny Setyonugroho. "Investigating Knowledge toward COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-sectional Survey in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (April 23, 2022): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9104.
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AIM: Since there were pros and cons, and insufficient knowledge among Indonesian regarding the vaccines, this research aims to investigate the knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccination among employees who work in an Islamic University in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to investigate the people’s knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination. The survey was conducted before the first vaccination of COVID-19 in March 2021. A descriptive analysis method was performed. Seven hundred sixty-two respondents completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: Respondent’s average age was 34.61 years old (standard deviation = 11.821, range 20–64), 54.1% of female and 45.9% of male. 448 (58.8%) respondents did not have any comorbid history. Respondents mostly obtained vaccination information through social media (86.25%). Most respondents had sufficient knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (83.2%), particularly those aged 20–29. For side effects, 585 (76.8%) respondents answered that they experienced pain in the injection area after getting the COVID-19 vaccination. This study showed that the respondents aged 20–29 years old had sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSION: As knowledge plays an essential role in accepting vaccinations, health-care workers’ efforts to promote COVID-19 vaccination should be directed toward the middle-aged and elderly population to support the government’s plan to increase the rate of COVID-19 vaccinations in Indonesia.
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Taşkaldıran, Işılay, Emre Vuraloğlu, Yusuf Bozkuş, Özlem Turhan İyidir, Aslı Nar, and Neslihan Başçıl Tütüncü. "Menstrual Changes after COVID-19 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination." International Journal of Clinical Practice 2022 (October 27, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3199758.
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Background. Several factors such as stress, depression, infection, and vaccination influenced the menstrual cycle in women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigated whether there were changes in the menstrual cycle in women after COVID-19 vaccination or infection and, if so, the nature of the change. Methods. This study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A face-to-face survey was conducted among menstruating women aged 18–50 years from May 31 to July 31, 2022. Women were inquired about their first three menstrual cycles that occurred after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Results. Of 241 women with COVID-19 infection, 86 (35.7%) mentioned that they experienced various changes in their menstrual patterns in the first three cycles after infection. Of 537 participants who received various COVID-19 vaccines, 82 (15.1%) stated that they experienced changes in their menstrual patterns after vaccination. The incidence of postvaccination menstrual change was higher in women who received Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinovac (CoronaVac) vaccines. Only 10.9% of women who reported a change in their menstrual pattern after vaccination or infection consulted a physician. Conclusion. COVID-19 infection and vaccination can affect the menstrual cycle in women. It is important to be aware of the menstrual changes after COVID-19 infection and vaccination and to warn and inform women about this issue.
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Munir, Muhammad Daniyal, Hamza Afzaal, Muhammad Hamdan Sajjid, Saiqa Anwar, and Muhammad Hassan Shabbir. "Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Relation to the Educational Background in Pakistan." ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ajsee.v1i2.40895.
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We identify groups most at risk of ambiguity and reluctance to take a COVID-19 vaccination in a large sample of Pakistani people. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to poll the Pakistani population on their views regarding COVID-19 vaccinations acceptance. COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among the general public in Pakistan was poor 37.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that participants who had received their Influenza vaccination in recent years are more likely to show their interest in COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. A similar pattern emerged among individuals who thought vaccinations are usually safe and showed their willingness to pay for vaccines. In contrast, individuals over 45, and those unemployed, were less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Adopting COVID-19 vaccinations was also less probable among individuals who thought there was a conspiracy behind them. Public health officials must take systematic steps to decrease vaccination apprehension and increase vaccine uptake. They should be concerned about the low rate of acceptance and the need for additional research into the underlying reasons and awareness efforts. These measures should include restoring public confidence in national health authorities and organized awareness efforts that provide clear information regarding vaccination safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing.
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Ayu, Nurul Lidya, Otniel Ketaren, and Evawani Martalena Silitonga. "The Phenomenon of Refusing Covid-19 Booster Vaccination in Muara Sentosa Subdistrict, Sei Tualang Raso District Tanjungbalai City In 2022." Science Midwifery 10, no. 4 (October 12, 2022): 3082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v10i4.762.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is a worldwide government policy program aimed at reducing its transmission, reducing the morbidity and death rate due to COVID-19, achieving herd immunity in the community (herd immunity) and protecting people from disease to remain socially and economically productive. The pros and cons color the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination program in various countries, including Indonesia. Vaccinations that are ongoing and are in the midst of the community are experiencing problems, there are still people who have not received the existence of the vaccine, including in Muara Sentosa Village, Sei Tualang Raso District, Tanjunbalai City, where the coverage of the COVID-19 booster vaccination is still very low. The purpose of the study is to find out the reasons for the refusal. This type of research is qualitative with in-depth interviews with informants consisting of the Lurah, Head of the Environment, Religious Leaders, Community Leaders, Vaccinator Officers, and residents. The results showed that the main cause of the phenomenon of rejection of COVID-19 booster vaccination in Muara Sentosa Village was the lack of public knowledge about the COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccination and work constraints in terms of time and side effects of vaccines. For this reason, it is necessary to take action by the local government to advocate with relevant agencies to increase community knowledge and facilitate vaccine service time for the community according to their free time.
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Costantino, Claudio, Giorgio Graziano, Nicole Bonaccorso, Arianna Conforto, Livia Cimino, Martina Sciortino, Francesco Scarpitta, et al. "Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions and Vaccination Acceptance/Hesitancy among the Community Pharmacists of Palermo’s Province, Italy: From Influenza to COVID-19." Vaccines 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030475.
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In Italy, following the start of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign, community pharmacies (CPs) were recruited on a voluntary basis in order to administer COVID-19 vaccines as part of their activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, and vaccine acceptance/hesitancy towards COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations among the community pharmacists operating in the Palermo Province. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with two different questionnaires administered before and after the conduction of the vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 at the COVID-19 vaccination center of the Palermo University Hospital (PUH). The baseline survey showed that 64% of community pharmacists (CPs) declared that they planned to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2, and 58% were vaccinated against influenza during the 2020/2021 season. Factors significantly associated with willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination were confidence in vaccines (adjOR 1.76; CI 1.11–2.80), fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection (adjOR 1.50; CI 1.06–2.11), considering COVID-19 vaccination to be the best strategy to counteract SARS-CoV-2 (adjOR 1.79; CI 1.39–2.29), and adherence to influenza vaccination during the 2020/2021 season (adjOR 3.25; CI 2.23–4.25). The adherence among CPs of the Palermo Province to COVID-19 vaccination was 96.5%. From the post-vaccination survey, the main reasons for changing opinions on vaccination adherence were the introduction of mandatory vaccinations, fear of contracting COVID-19, and limitations on work activities in the case of vaccine refusal. The achievement of very high COVID-19 vaccination coverage rates among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the present study was mainly due to the mandatory vaccination policies; nevertheless, a willingness for COVID-19 vaccination was relatively high among pharmacists before the beginning of the vaccination campaign. HCPs and CPs should receive training on vaccination, which is recommended in the national immunization plan and is also suggested by the respondents in our study, in order to routinely re-evaluate their own vaccination profiles, as well as those of their patients.
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Liu, Rugang, Yuxun Zhang, Stephen Nicholas, Anli Leng, Elizabeth Maitland, and Jian Wang. "COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Chinese Adults under the Free Vaccination Policy." Vaccines 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030292.
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(1) Background: China will provide free coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations for the entire population. This study analyzed the COVID-19 vaccination willingness rate (VWR) and its determinants under China’s free vaccination policy compared to a paid vaccine. (2) Methods: Data on 2377 respondents were collected through a nationwide questionnaire survey. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to explore the correlation between the VWR and its determinants. (3) Results: China’s free vaccination policy for COVID-19 increased the VWR from 73.62% to 82.25% of the respondents. Concerns about the safety and side-effects were the primary reason for participants’ unwillingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Age, medical insurance and vaccine safety were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for both the paid and free vaccine. Income, occupation and vaccine effectiveness were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for the free vaccine. (4) Conclusions: Free vaccinations increased the COVID-19 VWR significantly. People over the age of 58 and without medical insurance should be treated as the target intervention population for improving the COVID-19 VWR. Contrary to previous research, high-income groups and professional workers should be intervention targets to improve the COVID-19 VWR. Strengthening nationwide publicity and education on COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness are recommended policies for decision-makers.
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Kelly, Melissa, Joanne Given, Julie Arnott, Helen Dolk, Richard A. Greene, Ali S. Khashan, Seamus Leonard, et al. "Data sources on COVID-19 infection and vaccination in pregnancy on the island of Ireland: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations for future pandemic preparedness." HRB Open Research 7 (December 12, 2024): 77. https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14011.1.
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Background Monitoring coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and vaccination during pregnancy is vital because of the increased susceptibility to severe disease. This article outlines the available data sources on COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates during pregnancy in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and describes the processes, strengths, and weaknesses of available data. Methods Three data sources on COVID-19 vaccination and infection were identified in the ROI: the national computerized infectious disease reporting (CIDR) system used for reporting notifiable infectious diseases, the national dataset of all COVID-19 vaccinations for all residents (COVAX), and a regional Maternal and Newborn Clinical Management System (MN-CMS), which includes data on COVID-19 vaccination and infection. Four data sources were identified in NI: the NI maternity system (NIMATS) records maternity data, including COVID-19 infection and vaccination during pregnancy; datasets of COVID-19 antigen testing performed in hospitals (Pillar 1) and in the community (Pillar 2); and the NI Vaccine Management System dataset of COVID-19 Vaccinations. Results In the ROI, the CIDR database allows for the calculation of COVID-19 infection rates in women of reproductive age; however, pregnancy status remains largely unreported. The COVAX dataset includes pregnancy status, although the accuracy depends on whether the pregnancy is known at the time of vaccination. The MN-CMS tracks COVID-19 infection and vaccination during pregnancy. However, there are uncertainties regarding its reliability. In NI, COVID-19 data are available for all pregnant women using Health and Care numbers to link the NIMATS data to testing and vaccination databases. Conclusions Both countries track COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates, but the strength of the NI system is the use of unique identification numbers that allow linkage of maternal records to infection and vaccination databases. Both countries face delays in data access, underscoring the need for real-time systems to support future pandemic preparedness.