Journal articles on the topic 'COVID-19 vaccination intentions'
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Lin, Yen-Ju, Yu-Ping Chang, Wen-Jiun Chou, and Cheng-Fang Yen. "Explicit and Intrinsic Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination among Heterosexuals and Sexual Minorities in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147260.
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The present study compared the levels of explicit and intrinsic intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination among sexual minority and heterosexual individuals and examined the association of explicit and intrinsic intentions with sexual orientation. We enrolled 171 sexual minority and 876 heterosexual individuals through a Facebook advertisement. The participants’ explicit and intrinsic intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination and their risk perception of COVID-19 were measured. We discovered that sexual minority individuals had higher levels of explicit and intrinsic intention to receive vaccination relative to heterosexual individuals. Intrinsic intention was positively associated with explicit intention after the effects of demographic characteristics and risk perception of COVID-19 were controlled for. Sexual orientation did not moderate the association between explicit and intrinsic intentions. The present study determined the relationship between sexual orientation and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination.
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Xin, Meiqi, Sitong Luo, Rui She, Xi Chen, Liping Li, Lijuan Li, Xiaojun Chen, and Joseph T. F. Lau. "The Impact of Social Media Exposure and Interpersonal Discussion on Intention of COVID-19 Vaccination among Nurses." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101204.
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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses is a global public health concern and it is imperative to understand associated factors. Information environment plays a critical role in shaping health behaviors, while few studies explored such effects in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1902 nurses in China. The study investigated the effects of social media exposure/interpersonal discussion on intention of COVID-19 vaccination and tested whether perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (perceived vaccine efficacy, perceived duration of protection, and perceived effectiveness in preventing resurgences) mediated such associations. Results showed that about 68.0% and 56.5% of the participants had an intention of free and self-paid COVID-19 vaccinations, respectively. Frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion were positively associated with vaccination intentions. Perceived vaccine efficacy significantly mediated the effects of frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion, whereas perceived effectiveness in preventing resurgences suppressed the effects of frequent social media exposure. In conclusion, the prevalence of intention of COVID-19 vaccination was relatively low among Chinese nurses and health promotion is needed. Frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion potentially enhanced vaccination intentions via increased perceived vaccine efficacy. The findings can help inform the development of relevant health communication interventions.
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Shiloh, Shoshana, Shira Peleg, and Gabriel Nudelman. "Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Longitudinal Trans-Theoretical Study to Determine Factors that Predict Intentions and Behavior." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab101.
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Abstract Background Despite the clear benefits of vaccination, their uptake against common infectious diseases is suboptimal. In December 2020, vaccines against COVID-19 became available. Purpose To determine factors that predict who will take the COVID-19 vaccine based on a conceptual model. Methods An online survey was administered twice: prior to public vaccination, and after vaccinations were available. Participants were 309 Israelis with initial data and 240 at follow-up. Baseline questionnaires measured intentions to be vaccinated and hypothesized predictors clustered in four categories: background, COVID-19, vaccination, and social factors. Self-reported vaccination uptake was measured at follow-up. Results Sixty-two percent of the sample reported having been vaccinated. Intentions were strongly associated with vaccination uptake and mediated the effects of other predictors on behavior. Eighty-six percent of the variance in vaccination intentions was explained by attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, regret for having declined vaccination, trust in vaccination, vaccination barriers, past flu vaccination, perceived social norms, and COVID-19 representations. Conclusions Beliefs related directly to the COVID-19 vaccine explained most of the variance in intentions to vaccinate, which in turn predicted vaccination uptake.
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Paridans, Marine, Justine Monseur, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Nicolas Gillain, Eddy Husson, Dieudonné Leclercq, Christelle Meuris, et al. "The Dynamic Relationship between the Intention and Final Decision for the COVID-19 Booster: A Study among Students and Staff at the University of Liège, Belgium." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091485.
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While many studies have documented the intentions for the COVID-19 vaccine booster, few have explored the change from intention to final decision. This study explores the COVID-19 booster intentions and the change from intention to decision in a primo-vaccinated university population, with a distinction between staff members and students. It looks at the sociodemographic and medical characteristics, health literacy, personal COVID-19 infection and vaccination history, and attitudes/intentions regarding the booster, among the 1030 participants (64.4% staff members, 61.3% female, median age 36.0 years). Of the 8.7% who were initially hesitant, 72.7% ultimately got a booster and 27.3% did not. Another 84.2% intended to get a booster and 7.1% did not. Among the latter two groups, 88.9% maintained their intention and 11.1% changed their minds. The determinants associated with the intentions were health literacy and previous intentions regarding the COVID-19 primo-vaccination. The determinants associated with the change to non-vaccination were a previous COVID-19 infection, a past COVID-19 primo-vaccination intention, and a neutralizing antibody level. The results point to an opening for the support in decision-making, with a significant percentage of the study population potentially changing their mind between intention and final decision; this process should start early and be tailored to the individual’s COVID-19 history. A personalized approach seems necessary in order to ensure that individuals make an informed choice.
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Pastorino, Roberta, Leonardo Villani, Marco Mariani, Walter Ricciardi, Guendalina Graffigna, and Stefania Boccia. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Flu and COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among University Students." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020070.
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Flu vaccination for the general population, and specifically for vulnerable subgroups, brings the potential to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mobility, mortality, and hospitalizations. In Italy, flu vaccination is recommended to all ≥6 months of age, even if it is only free of charge for specific categories. We investigated the intentions towards flu and COVID-19 vaccinations from a sample of 436 Italian university students. Results of a web-based survey show that 77.52% of them were willing to get the flu vaccine and 94.73% were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when available. We identified positive predictive factors to undertake flu vaccination as being a medical student, having undertaken a previous vaccination against flu, and having a high level of concern and perceived vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic. Reinforced public health activities might consider engaging university students a as possible “positive influencer” towards flu and COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Tong, Kwok Kit, Mu He, Anise M. S. Wu, Le Dang, and Juliet Honglei Chen. "Cognitive Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory Using a Probability Community Sample." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101170.
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COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to provide protection against severe disease and death. However, substantial individual differences in vaccination intentions have hindered achieving optimal vaccination rates across the population. To look for efficient strategies to promote vaccination, this study tested whether the protection motivation theory (PMT), a cognitive model based upon threat and coping appraisals, would account for the differences in vaccination intentions under three scenarios (i.e., in the context of getting vaccinated in general, and in the context of high- and low- efficacy for reducing COVID-19 transmission risk). A phone survey was conducted in early 2021 and obtained a probability community sample (n = 472; 49.2% men) in Macao, China. We found that 54.0% of respondents indicated their relatively strong intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination for high-efficacy vaccines, compared to 29.5% for low-efficacy vaccines and 31.0% for vaccines in general. After adjusting for demographics, self-efficacy (i.e., the perceived capability of receiving COVID-19 vaccines) and maladaptive response reward (i.e., the perceived benefits of not receiving COVID-19 vaccines) were consistently associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions under all three scenarios. The perceived severity of COVID-19 infection and response cost (i.e., the perceived costs of receiving COVID-19 vaccines) were significantly associated with vaccination intention for high-efficacy vaccines, while the response efficacy of lowering the COVID-19 impact with COVID-19 vaccination was positively associated with vaccination intention for general and low-efficacy vaccines. Given that the relative strength of PMT constructs depends on perceived vaccine efficacy, we recommend taking PMT constructs and vaccine efficacy into account for encouraging vaccination.
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Burger, Maximilian Nicolaus, Matthias Mayer, and Ivo Steimanis. "Repeated information of benefits reduces COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy: Experimental evidence from Germany." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): e0270666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270666.
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Background Many countries, such as Germany, struggle to vaccinate enough people against COVID-19 despite the availability of safe and efficient vaccines. With new variants emerging and the need for booster vaccinations, overcoming vaccination hesitancy gains importance. The research to date has revealed some promising, albeit contentious, interventions to increase vaccination intention. However, these have yet to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing vaccination rates. Methods & results We conducted a preregistered survey experiment with N = 1,324 participants in Germany in May/June 2021. This was followed by a series of emails reminding participants to get vaccinated in August and concluded with a follow-up survey in September. We experimentally assess whether debunking vaccination myths, highlighting the benefits of being vaccinated, or sending vaccination reminders decreases hesitancy. In the survey experiment, we find no increase in the intention to vaccinate regardless of the information provided. However, communicating vaccination benefits over several weeks reduced the likelihood of not being vaccinated by 9 percentage points, which translates into a 27% reduction compared to the control group. Debunking vaccination myths and reminders alone also decreased the likelihood, yet not significantly. Discussion Our findings suggest that if soft governmental interventions such as information campaigns are employed, highlighting benefits should be given preference over debunking vaccination myths. Furthermore, it seems that repeated messages affect vaccination action while one-time messages might be insufficient, even for increasing vaccination intentions. Our study highlights the importance of testing interventions outside of survey experiments that are limited to measuring vaccination intentions—not actions—and immediate changes in attitudes and intentions—not long-term changes.
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Lin, Yen-Ju, Wen-Jiun Chou, Yu-Ping Chang, and Cheng-Fang Yen. "Denial of Justification for Vaccination: Its Multiple Related Variables and Impacts on Intention to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080822.
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The aims of the present study were (1) to identify the variables related to denying the justification for vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan and (2) to examine the associations of such denial with perceived risk of COVID-19 and the extrinsic and intrinsic intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19. We recruited 1047 participants by using a Facebook advertisement. We investigated whether the participants denied justification for vaccination as well as their sociodemographic characteristics, mental health status, sources of information about COVID-19 vaccination, perceived risk of COVID-19, and extrinsic and intrinsic intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The results indicated that 20.0% of the participants denied justification for vaccination. Participants who were older, had an educational level below college, were not health care workers, were in poor general mental health state, or did not obtain information about COVID-19 vaccination from the Internet were more likely to deny justification for vaccination. Denial was negatively associated with both extrinsic and intrinsic intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19 but not associated with the perceived risk of COVID-19. Multiple variables related to denying the justification for vaccination; the denial was negatively associated with the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
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Galdikiene, Laura, Jurate Jaraite, and Agne Kajackaite. "Trust and vaccination intentions: Evidence from Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): e0278060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278060.
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In this paper, we study the relationship between trust and COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Vaccinating a large share of the population is essential for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many individuals refuse to get vaccinated, which might be related to a lack of trust. Using unique survey data from Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic, we show that trust in government authorities, science, and pharmaceutical companies are important predictors of individual vaccination intentions. We do not find evidence that trust in strangers, the healthcare system, or the media predict intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
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Koesnoe, Sukamto, Tommy Hariman Siddiq, Dicky C. Pelupessy, Evy Yunihastuti, Ghina Shabrina Awanis, Alvina Widhani, Teguh Harjono Karjadi, et al. "Using Integrative Behavior Model to Predict COVID-19 Vaccination Intention among Health Care Workers in Indonesia: A Nationwide Survey." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050719.
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Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are a high-priority group for COVID-19 vaccination for several reasons. Health behavior theory-based studies on the intention or acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among Indonesian HCWs is lacking. Using an integrated behavioral model, this research sought to identify Indonesian health care workers’ intentions to obtain COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: A countrywide cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The questionnaire was constructed on the basis of IBM (integrated behavioral model) constructs and scored on a seven-point bipolar scale. A hierarchical multivariable regression was used to evaluate the fit of the predictor model as well as the correlations between variables in the study. Results: 3304 people responded to the survey. A model combining demographic and IBM characteristics predicted 42.5 percent (adjusted R2 = 0.42) of the COVID-19 vaccination intention. Vaccination intention was associated with favorable vaccine attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy. Among the determining constructs, behavior belief predicted vaccination intention the best. Being female, being married, having a history of COVID-19 infection, living outside Java Island, and having a low income were all linked to lower vaccination intentions. Conclusions: This study confirms the IBM model’s robustness in predicting health care workers’ intention to vaccinate against COVID-19.
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Pummerer, Lotte, Kevin Winter, and Kai Sassenberg. "Addressing Covid-19 Vaccination Conspiracy Theories and Vaccination Intentions." European Journal of Health Communication 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47368/ejhc.2022.201.
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Conspiracy theories often involve topics of uncertainty and ambivalence. One of those topics during the Covid-19 pandemic was the vaccination based on the new method using messenger RNA. In a preregistered study with N = 382 participants, we tested an intervention addressing the uncertainty concerning this new vaccination at a time when conspiracy theories about the vaccination method were not yet widely spread. Participants either only read short facts about the new vaccination (no explanation condition), or read these facts in addition to an explanation about the function of messenger RNA vaccines (relevant explanation condition), or they read the facts after the explanation of an alternative issue (irrelevant explanation condition). Results showed that individuals reading the relevant explanations addressing uncertainties surrounding the new vaccination method were less likely to agree with a Covid-19 vaccination conspiracy theory and were more willing to get a Covid-19 vaccination compared to the other conditions. An exploratory analysis showed that agreement with the Covid-19 vaccination conspiracy theory mediated the effect of explanation type on vaccination intentions. Potential implications and limitations are discussed.
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Kajiwara, Shihoko, Naomi Akiyama, and Michio Ohta. "Intentions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination in Females Aged 15–49 Years." Vaccines 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020336.
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To control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese government is promoting vaccination, which many people are willing to accept; however, some are reluctant to receive vaccinations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intentions of women aged 15–49 years regarding the COVID-19 vaccination and to identify methods of promoting vaccination. We used secondary data from a web research company of approximately 1020 participants. The data contained the following variables: vaccination status, reasons for not getting vaccinated, and the intentions and reasons related to the third vaccination. We categorized the reasons using text data and evaluated the age-related differences. The proportion of women aged 15–49 years who refused COVID-19 vaccination in Japan was 17.0%, and the rate was not significantly different by age group. The most common reasons were safety and side effect concerns. Of those who received the second vaccination, 32.7% hesitated or refused the third vaccination, and the rate was not significantly different by age group. The reasons were side-effect concerns, a lack of information, and the influence of their surroundings. Addressing the side effects and providing adequate information may help promote vaccination among women aged 15–49 years.
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Fernandes, Nuno, Daniela Costa, Diogo Costa, José Keating, and Joana Arantes. "Predicting COVID-19 Vaccination Intention: The Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101161.
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Do people want to be vaccinated against COVID-19? Herd immunity is dependent on individuals’ willingness to be vaccinated since vaccination is not mandatory. Our main goal was to investigate people’s intention to be vaccinated and their intentions to vaccinate their children. Moreover, we were interested in understanding the role of the personal characteristics, psychological factors, and the lockdown context on that decision. Therefore, we conducted an online survey during the lockdown in Portugal (15 January 2021 until 14 March 2021). Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, questions about their intentions of being vaccinated, concerns about the vaccine, a COVID-19 attitudes and beliefs scale, a COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and beliefs scale, and the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) Scale. Our results showed that from the 649 participants, 63% of the participants reported being very likely to have the vaccine, while 60% reported being very likely to vaccinate their children. We conducted two linear regression models, explaining 65% of the variance for personal vaccination and 56% of the variance for children vaccination. We found that the COVID-19 vaccine general beliefs and attitudes were the main determinants of vaccination intention. Additionally, our proposed artificial neural network model was able to predict with 85% accuracy vaccination intention. Thus, our results suggest that psychological factors are an essential determinant of vaccination intention. Thus, public policy decision makers may use these insights for predicting vaccine hesitancy and designing effective vaccination communication strategies.
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Alfageeh, Eman Ibrahim, Noor Alshareef, Khadijah Angawi, Fahad Alhazmi, and Gowokani Chijere Chirwa. "Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine among the Saudi Population." Vaccines 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030226.
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To investigate the associated factors underlying vaccination intentions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults 18 years or over in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between 8 and 14 December 2020. A logistic regression analysis was employed to examine and identify the variables associated with vaccination intentions for COVID-19, with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) also calculated. A total of 2137 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, about 48% of Saudi adults were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants had stronger intentions to receive a vaccination if they resided in the southern region (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.21–3.14), received the seasonal influenza vaccination in the past (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.17–1.97), believed in mandatory COVID-19 vaccination (OR: 45.07; 95% CI: 31.91–63.65), or reported high levels of concern about contracting COVID-19 (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.29–2.81). Participants were less likely to have an intention to be vaccinated if they had a history of vaccine refusal (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.19–0.40). The low acceptance rate among the Saudi population should be targeted with multifaceted interventions aimed at raising awareness and emphasizing the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Gursoy, Dogan, Ali Selcuk Can, Nigel Williams, and Yuksel Ekinci. "Evolving impacts of COVID-19 vaccination intentions on travel intentions." Service Industries Journal 41, no. 11-12 (June 9, 2021): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2021.1938555.
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Pavlova, N. D., V. A. Afinogenova, T. A. Kubrak, and I. A. Zachesova. "Discourse of Social Media in the Context of the covid-19 Pandemic." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 14, no. 3 (2021): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2021140311.
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The article presents the results of the study of social media discourse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which reflects opinions, perceptions, assessments of current events and makes a significant contribution to their formation. The aim of the study was to identify the peculiarities of the organization of discourse during the vaccination campaign, which related to the intentional orientation of the subjects of communication. The material of the study — 5 information messages about the vaccination against COVID-19 and their discussion on various Internet sites (126 people; 248 comments, М= 50, min=46, max=52). Using the method of intent analysis, it was found that the discussion of messages about vaccination was accompanied by the appearance of additional topical and interactive objects and a multiple increase in the number of realized categories of intentions. The prevalence of neutral intentions to analyze the problematic situation, to present and compare the positions, demonstrating the change in the tone of the discourse from the epidemic beginning, was detected. The leading role of interactive objects was identified, which indicated the presence of dialogic intentions and the needs for joint comprehension of the events.
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Yang, Xiaodong, Lai Wei, and Zhiyue Liu. "Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Using the Health Belief Model: Does Information Acquisition from Divergent Sources Make a Difference?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 3887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073887.
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As a promising approach to stop the escalation of the pandemic, COVID-19 vaccine promotion is becoming a challenging task for authorities worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify the effective sources for disseminating information on the COVID-19 vaccine to promote individuals’ behavioral intention to take the vaccine. Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study illustrated the mechanism of how COVID-19 information acquisition from different sources was transformed into vaccination intentions via health beliefs. Using an online survey in China, the structural equation model results revealed that perceived benefits and cues to action were positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions, and perceived barriers were negatively related to the intentions. However, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity had no significant relationships with the intentions. Moreover, the findings unveiled differences in the effects of acquiring information via multiple sources among traditional media, new media, and interpersonal interactions. Notably, new media and interpersonal interactions were more salient in promoting vaccination intention via health beliefs, compared with traditional media. The findings from this study will benefit health officials in terms of utilizing different information sources in vaccine programs.
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Chaniaud, Noémie, Pauline Jeanpierre, Vanessa Laguette, and Emilie Loup-Escande. "Impact of Psycho-Social Factors, E-health Literacy and Information Access on COVID-19 Vaccination Perceptions and Intentions: Online Survey." Review of European Studies 14, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v14n2p55.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an infodemic which impacts on vaccination perceptions and intentions. E-health literacy seems to be the key to searching health information on the web. Age and income level impact vaccine hesitancy and resistance. It is important to know more about the population who are hesitant to get vaccinated in order to develop appropriate and accessible information. We focused on four factors that impact vaccination perceptions and intentions: socio-demographic characteristics (age and education level), e-health literacy and sources of information about COVID-19. An anonymous online survey was completed by 368 participants, who reported their age, level of education, F-eHEALS (the level of e-health literacy), preferred sources of COVID-19 information, and their vaccination perceptions and intentions (vaccine score). The vaccine score is measured by a combination of two preview questionnaires adapted to COVID-19. We first assessed our questionnaire construct on intentions and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination. We obtained a unidimensional scale that we correlated with other factors and related to clusters (k-means). The results then showed that age, education level, and sources of COVID-19 information (radio, internet and “no channel”) impact vaccination perceptions and intentions. E-health literacy appears to be a co-variant without direct link with vaccination perceptions and intentions but linked to age and sources of COVID-19 information. This study shows how age, education level, sources of COVID-19 information and e-health literacy can impact COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and intentions.
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Giuliani, Mattia, Anna Ichino, Alice Bonomi, Riccardo Martoni, Stefania Cammino, and Alessandra Gorini. "Who Is Willing to Get Vaccinated? A Study into the Psychological, Socio-Demographic, and Cultural Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080810.
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Crucial to the success of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the rate of people who adhere to it. This study aimed to investigate the reasons underlying people’s willingness to get vaccinated in a sample of Italian adults, considering the effects of different individual characteristics and psychological variables upon positive vs. negative/hesitant vaccination intentions, as well as subjects’ self-reported motivations for such intentions. An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed online in February 2021. The results showed that trust in science, number of vaccinations received in 2019, and belief that COVID-19 is more severe than the common flu, were associated with positive vaccination intentions. “Chance externality” health locus of control showed both direct and indirect effects upon positive vaccination intentions. Anxiety symptoms and participants’ perceived psychological status also showed indirect positive effects. Subjects’ self-reported motivations varied interestingly across positive vs. negative/hesitant intentions. Implications of these findings for identifying effective pro-vaccination messages are discussed in the final section of the paper.
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Lo, Shih-Yu, Shu-Chu Sarrina Li, and Tai-Yee Wu. "Exploring Psychological Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in Taiwan." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070764.
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To underpin the psychological factors for vaccination intention, we explored the variables related to positive and negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan. The data were collected via an online survey platform with a sample size of 1100 in April 2021. We found that people’s interpretations of the origin of the virus were relevant. People who tended to believe that the virus was artificially created felt powerless and were more concerned about the possible side-effects of the vaccines, which was negatively associated with their vaccination intention. The source of vaccine recommendation was found to be relevant to vaccination intention. People’s vaccination intention was highest if the vaccines were recommended by health professionals, followed by friends and the government, and then mainstream media and social media. The analysis of the demographic variables showed that men tended to be more receptive to vaccines than women. Our findings should provide insights into developing communication strategies to effectively promote vaccination intentions.
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Kweme Frederic, Bontango. "Attitudes and Intentions of Health Personnel towards Covid-19 Vaccination in Kaziba Health Zone." Texila International Journal of Academic Research 9, no. 4 (October 29, 2022): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.09.04.art013.
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Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a virus of the coronavidae family and of the beta coronavirus group, such as those responsible for SARS and MERS. This Covid-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS but with a lower death rate. Covid-19 vaccine is a pharmaceutical tool to control the transmission of Covid-19 among the health personnel and the general population. The acceptance of Covid-19 vaccination remains reluctant among the health personnel. The purposes of this study are to determine the intentions and attitudes of health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination and, to determine the reasons for accepting and refusing Covid-19 vaccination among health personnel in Kaziba Health Zone from 15 to 28 July 2021. Material and methods: our study was descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. A random sampling method was carried out to collect the data through survey questionnaire with 102 health personnel. The data was analyzed with SPSS and Chi-square test was carried out. Results: the intentions and attitudes of the health personnel vis-à-vis to Covid-19 vaccination was (31.4%), and the participants who declared the mandatory Covid-19 vaccination was 31.4%. The health personnel who accepted the covid-19 vaccine were 21.6%, however, those who refused was 45.1%. Conclusion: health personnel do not have acceptable intentions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination. Only nurses and midwives, physicians and healthcare assistance staff were agreeable to Covid-19 vaccination to control the pandemic. Lack of information was the main refusal reason for Covid-19 vaccination. The health personnel were not willingly too mandatory Covid-19 vaccination. Keywords: Attitudes, Covid-19, Health personnel, Intentions, Kaziba, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination.
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Stoffel, Sandro T., Aradhna Kaushal, Aikaterini Grimani, Christian von Wagner, Falko F. Sniehotta, and Ivo Vlaev. "Effect of communicating community immunity on COVID-19 vaccine-hesitant people from ethnically diverse backgrounds: an experimental vignette study in the UK." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e065804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065804.
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ObjectivesAchieving high vaccination coverage is vital to the efforts of curbing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health and society. This study tested whether communicating the social benefit through community protection for friends and family members versus overall society, affects vaccination intention and perception among a sample enriched with respondents from black and ethnic minority backgrounds.DesignA web-based experimental survey was conducted. Eligible participants were individually randomised, with equal probability, to one of the three experimental vignettes.SettingEngland.ParticipantsWe recruited 512 (212 white, 300 ethnically diverse) vaccine-hesitant members from an online panel.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The secondary outcome consisted of a behavioural measure in the form of active interest in reading more about the COVID-19 vaccine. Additional measures included the perceived importance and expected uptake in others, as well as the attitudes towards vaccination.ResultsLogistic regression models did not show an effect of the messages on intentions for the overall sample (society: adjusted OR (aOR): 128, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.88 andfriends and family: aOR 1.32, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.94). The role of vaccination in achieving community immunity yielded higher vaccination intentions among study participants with white ethnic background (society: aOR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.51 andfriends and family: aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.96), but not among respondents from ethnically diverse backgrounds (society: aOR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.58 andfriends and family: aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.73). The messages, however, did not affect the perceived importance of the vaccine, expected vaccination uptake and active interest in reading more about the vaccine.ConclusionsThus, although highlighting the social benefits of COVID-19 vaccinations can increase intentions among vaccine non-intenders, they are unlikely to address barriers among ethnically diverse communities.
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Li, Lu, Jian Wang, Stephen Nicholas, Elizabeth Maitland, Anli Leng, and Rugang Liu. "The Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in China: Insights from Protection Motivation Theory." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050445.
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(1) Background: More coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are gradually being developed and marketed. Improving the vaccination intention will be the key to increasing the vaccination rate in the future; (2) Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination intentions, protection motivation and control variables. Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to analyze the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine; (3) Results: Although the vaccine was free, 17.75% of the 2377 respondents did not want, or were hesitant, to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents’ cognition of vaccine safety, external reward and response efficacy were positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intention, while age, income and response cost were negatively related to the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Professionals and people without medical insurance had the lowest intention to vaccinate; (4) Conclusions: The older aged, people without health insurance, those with higher incomes and professionals should be treated as the key intervention targets. Strengthening publicity and education about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, training vaccinated people and community leaders as propagandists for the vaccine, and improving the accessibility to the COVID-19 vaccine are recommended to improve COVID-19 vaccination intention.
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Cha, Hye-Gyeong, and Hee-Joo Lee. "Factors influencing Nursing Students’ COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions." Journal of the Korean society for Wellness 17, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2022.5.17.2.441.
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Ekinci, Yuksel, Dogan Gursoy, Ali Selcuk Can, and Nigel L. Williams. "Does travel desire influence COVID-19 vaccination intentions?" Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 31, no. 4 (January 8, 2022): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2022.2020701.
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Howell, Kristina Devi, Michelle M. Kelly, Gregory P. DeMuri, Joseph A. McBride, Barbara Katz, M. Bruce Edmonson, Daniel J. Sklansky, et al. "COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions for Children With Medical Complexity." Hospital Pediatrics 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): e295-e302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2022-006544.
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OBJECTIVES The chronic conditions and functional limitations experienced by children with medical complexity (CMC) place them at disproportionate risk for COVID-19 transmission and poor outcomes. To promote robust vaccination uptake, specific constructs associated with vaccine hesitancy must be understood. Our objective was to describe demographic, clinical, and vaccine perception variables associated with CMC parents’ intention to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey (June–August 2021) for primary caregivers of CMC between ages 5 to 17 at an academic medical center in the Midwest. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between vaccination intent and selected covariates. RESULTS Among 1330 families, 65.8% indicated vaccination intent. In multivariable models, demographics had minimal associations with vaccination intent; however, parents of younger children (<12 years) had significantly lower adjusted odds of vaccination intent (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.26 [0.17–0.3]) compared to parents of older children (≥12 years). CMC with higher severity of illness, ie, those with ≥1 hospitalization in the previous year (versus none) or >1 complex chronic condition (vs 1), had higher adjusted odds of vaccination intent (1.82 [1.14–2.92] and 1.77 [1.16–2.71], respectively). Vaccine perceptions associated with vaccine intention included “My doctor told me to get my child a COVID-19 vaccine” (2.82 [1.74–4.55]); and “I’m concerned about my child’s side effects from the vaccine” (0.18 [0.12–0.26]). CONCLUSIONS One-third of CMC families expressed vaccine hesitation; however, constructs strongly associated with vaccination intent are potentially modifiable. Pediatrician endorsement of COVID-19 vaccination and careful counseling on side effects might be promising strategies to encourage uptake.
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Shahani, Riffat, Jianxun Chu, Olayemi Hafeez Rufai, Asma Zawar, Sayibu Muhideen, Sana Dilawar, and Tunde Simeon Amosun. "Understanding the Role of Psychosocial Factors in Pakistani Parents’ Hesitancy to Vaccinate Their Kids: The Mediating Role of Knowledge and Mistrust of Science about the COVID-19 Vaccine." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081260.
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Vaccination is a vital component in the battle against outbreaks of infectious diseases. Recognizing parents’ reluctance to vaccinate their children is even more critical now, given the ongoing threat of a COVID-19 pandemic. Conspiracy theories, vaccination safety concerns, parental efficacy and risk perception, and a lack of confidence in science all influence intention. To investigate how these variables interact with vaccination behavior against COVID-19, we developed a model with psychosocial factors serving as the predictor and mistrust in science and vaccine knowledge serving as the mediator. In order to validate the model, the parents’ intentions regarding their children’s vaccination with COVID-19 were used. The study included 454 Pakistani parents who completed an online questionnaire assessing their intention to vaccinate their children. We analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). A significant level of vaccine hesitation is due to belief in vaccine conspiracy theories, and vaccine safety concerns were investigated. A surprising correlation exists between risk perception and vaccination intentions, followed by parental self-efficacy. It is significant to note that vaccine knowledge mediated conspiracy beliefs, risk perceptions, and intentions fully but partially mediated parental self-efficacy. Conspiracy theories were mediated by a mistrust in science, while perceptions of risk and vaccine safety were partially mediated. The findings of this research were used to develop sensible policy reforms and public health campaigns to encourage vaccination against both common infections such as measles, human papillomaviruses, or pertussis, and novel diseases such as COVID-19.
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Khan, Yusra Habib, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Muhammad Salman, Nida Tanveer, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Zia Ul Mustafa, Raja Ahsan Aftab, and Abdullah Salah Alanazi. "Parental Perceptions and Barriers towards Childhood COVID-19 Vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Vaccines 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122093.
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Introduction: The vaccination of children against Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a prime area of focus around the globe and is considered a pivotal challenge during the ongoing pandemic. This study aimed to assess parents′ intentions to vaccinate their children and the barriers related to pediatric COVID-19 vaccination. Methodology: An online web-based survey was conducted to recruit parents with at least one child under the age of 12 years from Saudi Arabia’s Al-Jouf region. The parental intentions to vaccinate children were assessed via six items, while barriers against vaccination were assessed through seven items in validated study instrument. A 5-point Likert scale was used to record the responses of parents regarding both their intentions and barriers. Results: In total, 444 parents (28.41 ± 7.4 years, 65% females) participated in this study. Almost 90% of parents were vaccinated against COVID-19 but only 42% of parents intended to vaccinate their children. The mean intention score was 2.9 ± 1.36. More than one-third of study participants had no plan to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The majority of the respondents agreed to vaccinate their children if vaccination was made compulsory by the government (relative index: 0.76, 73%). Out of seven potential barriers analyzed, concerns over vaccine safety and side effects were ranked highest (RII: 0.754), reported by 290 (65%) participants. In multivariate logistic regression, significant predictors of parental intention to vaccinate children were the increased education level of the parents (secondary education: OR = 3.617, p = 0.010; tertiary education: OR = 2.775, p = 0.042), COVID-19 vaccination status (vaccinated: OR = 7.062, p = 0.003), mother’s involvement in decisions regarding the child’s healthcare (mother: OR 4.353, p < 0.001; both father and mother: OR 3.195, p < 0.001) and parents’ trust in the vaccine’s safety (OR = 2.483, p = 0.022). Conclusions: This study underscored the low intention among parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Vaccination intention was found to be associated with education, parents’ vaccination status, the mother’s involvement in healthcare decisions, and parents’ trust in the vaccine’s safety. On the other hand, parents’ concerns over the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine were widely reported as barriers to childhood vaccination. The health authorities should focus on addressing parental concerns about vaccines to improve their COVID-19 vaccination coverage.
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Yang, Zheng, Xi Luo, and Hepeng Jia. "Is It All a Conspiracy? Conspiracy Theories and People’s Attitude to COVID-19 Vaccination." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101051.
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A large body of research has found that people’s beliefs in conspiracy theories about infectious diseases negatively impacts their health behaviors concerning vaccination. Conspiracy belief-based vaccination hesitancy has become more rampant after the global outbreak of COVID-19. However, some important questions remain unanswered. For instance, do different versions of conspiracy theories—particularly conspiracy theories about the origin of the epidemic (e.g., that the SARS-CoV-2 leaked from a Wuhan virology laboratory or that the virus was of foreign origin) and the general theories about vaccine conspiracies (e.g., pharmaceutical companies covered up the danger of vaccines or people are being deceived about the effectiveness of vaccines)—have the same effect on vaccination intentions? Through a national survey adopting quota sampling in China, the current study tested the relationship between people’s conspiracy beliefs and their intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. The findings show that people’s embrace of conspiracy theories did indeed affect their intention to take COVID-19 shots. However, only conspiracy theories related to vaccines had a significant impact, while belief in more general theories about COVID-19 did not significantly affect vaccination intentions. People’s knowledge of vaccines (vaccine literacy) played an important role in this relationship. People with lower beliefs in vaccines conspiracy theories and higher levels of vaccine literacy were more likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Kong, Gwyneth, Nicole-Ann Lim, Yip Han Chin, Yvonne Peng Mei Ng, and Zubair Amin. "Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Vaccination Intention: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review." Vaccines 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040606.
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Poorer outcomes have been reported with COVID-19 and influenza coinfections. As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, protection against influenza by vaccination is becoming increasingly important. This study examines how COVID-19 has influenced influenza vaccination intentions from a global perspective. A literature search was conducted on Embase, PubMed, and CNKI from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021 for articles reporting rates of influenza vaccination pre-COVID-19 (19/20 season), and intention and/or uptake of influenza vaccination post-COVID-19 (20/21 season). The changes in vaccination intention and reasons for changes were reported. Subgroup analyses were performed by region, gender, age, and occupation. Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the articles. Twenty-seven studies with 39,193 participants were included. Among 22 studies reporting intention to vaccinate in 20/21, there was increased intention to vaccinate (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.32–1.69, p < 0.001) regardless of age, gender, and occupation. The remaining five studies reporting vaccination intention and uptake in 20/21 showed a similar increase (RR 1.68, 95%CI 1.20–2.36). Important determinants include historical vaccine acceptance, and perception of influenza severity and vaccine safety. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased intention to vaccinate against influenza internationally. The pandemic could be a window of opportunity to promote influenza vaccination and decrease vaccine hesitancy.
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Lennon, Robert P., Meg L. Small, Rachel A. Smith, Lauren J. Van Scoy, Jessica G. Myrick, and Molly A. Martin. "Unique Predictors of Intended Uptake of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults Living in a Rural College Town in the United States." American Journal of Health Promotion 36, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211026132.
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Purpose: To explore public confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: A rural college town in central Pennsylvania. Subjects: Adult residents without minor children. Measures: The primary outcome was COVID-19 vaccination intention. Secondary measures included vaccination attitudes, norms, efficacy, past behavior, trust in the vaccination process, and sociodemographic variables of education, financial standing, political viewpoint, and religiosity. Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to describe quantitative data. Multivariate ordinal regression was used to model predictors of vaccine intention. Results: Of 950 respondents, 55% were “very likely” and 20% “somewhat likely” to take a coronavirus vaccine, even though 70% had taken the flu vaccine since September 2019. The strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance were trust in the system evaluating vaccines and perceptions of local COVID-19 vaccination norms. The strongest predictors of negative vaccine intentions were worries about unknown side-effects and positive attitudes toward natural infection. Sociodemographic factors, political views, and religiosity did not predict vaccine intentions. Conclusion: Fewer adults intend to take a coronavirus vaccine than currently take the flu vaccine. Traditional sociodemographic factors may not be effective predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Although based on a small sample, the study adds to our limited understanding of COVID-19-specific vaccine confidence among some rural Americans and suggests that traditional public health vaccination campaigns based on sociodemographic characteristics may not be effective.
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Leonhardt, James M., Garret Ridinger, Yu Rong, and Amir Talaei-Khoe. "Invincibility threatens vaccination intentions during a pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 27, 2021): e0258432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258432.
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Some people feel they are invincible to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). They believe that being infected with COVID-19 would not be a serious threat to their health. While these people may or may not be correct in their personal risk assessment, we find that such perceived invincibility may undermine community efforts to achieve herd immunity. Multi-level analysis of survey respondents across 51 countries finds that perceived invincibility from COVID-19 is negatively associated with believing there is a need to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in one’s community (n = 218,956) and one’s willingness to inoculate against the disease (n = 71,148). These effects are most pronounced among individuals from countries lower in cultural collectivism (e.g., USA, UK, Canada) and highlight the need to consider the interplay of individual and cultural factors in our efforts to understand, predict, and promote preventative health behavior during a pandemic.
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de Vries, Hein, Wouter Verputten, Christian Preissner, and Gerjo Kok. "COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: The Role of Information Sources and Beliefs in Dutch Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063205.
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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy may be regarded as a new pandemic hindering the elimination of or coping with COVID-19. This study assessed reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy using the I-Change Model (ICM) by considering the role of informational and psychosocial factors. A cross-sectional online survey using a convenience sample was conducted among Dutch adults (n = 240). The questionnaire assessed information factors, predisposing factors, awareness factors, motivational factors, preparatory actions, and vaccination intention. Vaccine hesitant participants (n = 58, 24%) had lower levels of education, more often paid work, and tended to have a religion other than Catholicism. They used written media less often and tended to visit websites of public health organizations less often, but used messaging services like WhatsApp more frequently. All participants had neutral intentions towards checking information credibility. Vaccine hesitant respondents had less knowledge about vaccination, lower perceived severity of getting sick and dying of COVID-19, and reported fewer exposures to cues about the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination. They were less convinced of the emotional and rational advantages of COVID-19 vaccination and expressed more negative feelings about it. They also reported more negative social norms concerning COVID-19 vaccination, and lower self-efficacy to get vaccinated and to cope with potential side-effects. The regression model explained 58% of the variance in vaccination intention. The results suggest that strategies are needed to: 1. Reduce fake news and stimulate information checking to foster well-informed decision-making; 2. Target both rational and emotional consequences of COVID-19, in addition to strategies for optimizing levels of knowledge. Campaigns should acknowledge the perceptions of the emotional disadvantages and increase perceptions of emotional advantages of COVID-19 vaccinations, such as reducing feelings of regret, and increasing feelings of freedom and reassurance.
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Bonner, Carissa, Erin Cvejic, Julie Ayre, Jennifer Isautier, Christopher Semsarian, Brooke Nickel, Carys Batcup, et al. "The Psychological Impact of Hypertension During COVID-19 Restrictions: Retrospective Case-Control Study." JMIRx Med 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): e25610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25610.
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Background It is unclear how people with hypertension are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic given their increased risk, and whether targeted public health strategies are needed. Objective This retrospective case-control study compared people with hypertension to matched healthy controls during the COVID-19 lockdown to determine whether they have higher risk perceptions, anxiety, and vaccination intentions. Methods Baseline data from a national survey were collected in April 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown in Australia. People who reported hypertension with no other chronic conditions were randomly matched to healthy controls of similar age, gender, education, and health literacy level. A subset including participants with hypertension was followed up at 2 months after restrictions were eased. Risk perceptions, anxiety, and vaccination intentions were measured in April and June. Results Of the 4362 baseline participants, 466 (10.7%) reported hypertension with no other chronic conditions. A subset of 1369 people were followed up at 2 months, which included 147 (10.7%) participants with hypertension. At baseline, perceived seriousness was high for both hypertension and control groups. The hypertension group reported greater anxiety compared to the controls and were more willing to vaccinate against influenza, but COVID-19 vaccination intentions were similar. At follow-up, these differences were no longer present in the longitudinal subsample. Perceived seriousness and anxiety had decreased, but vaccination intentions for both influenza and COVID-19 remained high across groups (>80%). Conclusions Anxiety was above normal levels during the COVID-19 lockdown. It was higher in the hypertension group, which also had higher vaccination intentions. Groups that are more vulnerable to COVID-19 may require targeted mental health screening during periods of greater risk. Despite a decrease in perceived risk and anxiety after 2 months of lockdown restrictions, vaccination intentions remained high, which is encouraging for the future prevention of COVID-19.
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Liu, Zi-Han, Wei Bai, Hong Cai, Shou Liu, Xu Chen, Han Qi, Rui Liu, et al. "Body Appreciation as a Factor Associated with College Students’ Willingness to Receive Future COVID-19 Vaccines." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111285.
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Background: Following the initial manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines, numerous studies have investigated factors that influence people’s vaccination intentions. However, no studies have examined links of vaccination attitudes with body-related attitudes, especially body appreciation. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted this study to disentangle the relationship between college students’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions and body appreciation. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese college students. Participants completed the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) and other questionnaire measures of demographics, intentions to be vaccinated, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination programs. Results: A total of 2058 college students participated in this study. Students who were willing to get COVID-19 vaccines had significantly higher BAS-2 scores than did those who were unwilling to receive a vaccine (3.61 ± 0.84 vs. 3.34 ± 0.92, p < 0.001). A hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between body appreciation and COVID-19 vaccine intentions when controlling for other covariates; elevated BAS-2 scores were associated with greater willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 1.250, 95%CI: 1.112–1.406, p < 0.001), independent of other significant influences. Conclusion: Our study was the first to reveal that body appreciation is a significant factor related to college students’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Public health interventions designed to improve people’s body-appreciation levels may help in efforts to promote universal immunization.
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Al-Qerem, Walid, Anan Jarab, Alaa Hammad, Fawaz Alasmari, Jonathan Ling, Alaa Hussein Alsajri, Shadan Waleed Al-Hishma, and Shrouq R. Abu Heshmeh. "Iraqi Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Vaccinating Their Children: A Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050820.
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The focus of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaigns has been the adult population, particularly the elderly and those with chronic diseases. However, COVID-19 can also affect children and adolescents. Furthermore, targeting this population can accelerate the attainment of herd immunity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate parental intentions to vaccinate their children and the variables associated with them. An online questionnaire was circulated via generic Iraqi Facebook groups to explore parental intentions regarding the vaccination of their children. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted to evaluate variables associated with parental vaccination acceptance. A total of 491 participants completed the study questionnaire. Only 38.3% of the participants were willing to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, while the rest either refused to vaccinate their children (35.6%) or were unsure whether they would (26.1%). Participants’ perceptions about the effectiveness (OR = 0.726, 95% CI = 0.541–0.975, p = 0.033) and safety (OR = 0.435, 95% CI = 0.330–0.574, p < 0.0001) of COVID-19 vaccines were significantly associated with parental acceptance of having children vaccinated. Participants who had received or who were planning to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly less likely to reject vaccinating their children (OR = 0.156, 95% CI = 0.063–0.387, p < 0.0001). There is high refusal/hesitancy among Iraqi parents to vaccinate their children, which is associated with concerns related to the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. More efforts, including educational and awareness campaigns to promote the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, should be made to increase parental acceptance of childhood COVID-19 vaccinations in Iraq.
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Lee, Hsuan-Wei, Cheng-Han Leng, and Ta-Chien Chan. "Determinants of personal vaccination hesitancy before and after the mid-2021 COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 29, 2022): e0270349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270349.
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Background Using a 10 week nationwide online survey performed during a time period containing the time ahead, the start, and the peak of a COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan, we investigated aspects that could affect participants’ vaccination intentions. Methods From March to May 2021, we surveyed 1,773 people in Taiwan, aged from 20 to 75 years, to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. We used an ordinal logistic regression with a backward selection method to identify factors that affected vaccination intention. Results Several factors could increase individuals’ vaccination intentions including: being male, older, with an openness personality, having a better quality of life in the physical health domain, having better knowledge and personal health behavior, having more trust in the government, and being worried about misinformation. Perceived risks played a crucial role in the vaccine decision-making process. When the pandemic intensified, people’s vaccination intentions increased significantly. Conclusion The findings of the present study could highlight individuals’ vaccination attitudes and provide governments with an empirical and dynamic base to design tailored strategies to increase vaccination rates.
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Bradfield, Zoe, Karen Wynter, Yvonne Hauck, Linda Sweet, Alyce N. Wilson, Rebecca A. Szabo, Vidanka Vasilevski, Lesley Kuliukas, and Caroline S. E. Homer. "COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and intentions of maternity care consumers and providers in Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): e0260049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260049.
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Introduction Vaccination against COVID-19 is a key global public health strategy. Health professionals including midwives and doctors support and influence vaccination uptake by childbearing women. There is currently no evidence regarding the COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and intentions of those who receive or provide maternity care in Australia. The aim of this study was to address this gap in knowledge and explore the perceptions and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination from consumers and providers of maternity care in Australia. Methods A national cross-sectional online study conducted in early 2021 in Australia, a country that has had a very low number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Recruitment was undertaken through parenting and health professional social media sites and professional college distribution lists. A total of 853 completed responses, from women (n = 326), maternity care providers including doctors (n = 58), midwives (n = 391) and midwifery students (n = 78). Findings Personal intention to be vaccinated ranged from 48–89% with doctors most likely and women least likely. Doctors and midwifery students were significantly more likely to recommend the vaccine to pregnant women in their care than midwives (p<0.001). Fewer doctors (2%) felt that women should wait until breastfeeding had concluded before being vaccinated compared with 24% of midwives and 21% of midwifery students (p<0.001). More than half of the midwives (53%) had concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine for the women in their care compared with 35% of doctors and 46% of midwifery students. Despite national guidelines recommending vaccination of breastfeeding women, 54% of practitioners were unlikely to recommend vaccination for this group. Conclusion This is the first study to explore the perceptions and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination from the perspective of those who receive and provide maternity care in Australia. Findings have utility to support targeted public health messaging for these and other cohorts.
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Haneda, Ricky, Amber Matteson, Kay Akers, Rebecca Auman, Olivia De Leon, Jessica Fagan, Kate Faasse, Joseph McFall, Matthew Schmolesky, and Jon Grahe. "Examining COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions Between Early Stages of the Pandemic and One Year Later in the United States." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 27, no. 1 (2022): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.1.2.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization and governments across the globe strongly suggested that individuals incorporate health-protective behaviors into their lives to limit the spread of the virus. The present study, conducted from March to May in both 2020 and 2021, examined how demographics, perceived risk and worry of infection, knowledge about COVID-19, engagement in health-protective behaviors, trust in government, and exposure to COVID-19 predicted the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. We additionally compared the 2 datasets to see whether any predictors changed a year later. The sample collected in 2020 included 821 U.S. residents, and the sample collected in 2021 included 299 residents. Major findings across both datasets suggest that ethnicities of Black or African American predicted less intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, receiving a flu vaccine the previous year and trust in the government were found to predict higher vaccination intentions. Belief in conspiracy theories predicted lower intention to receive a vaccination for COVID-19. Understanding these predictors allows for governments and institutions to potentially incorporate targeted strategies to increase vaccine uptake for the COVID-19 pandemic or other future pandemics.
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Thaker, Jagadish, and Somrita Ganchoudhuri. "The Role of Attitudes, Norms, and Efficacy on Shifting COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions: A Longitudinal Study of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions in New Zealand." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101132.
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While public intentions to get a COVID-19 vaccine have been shifting around the world, few studies track factors that help us understand and improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake. This study focuses on identifying changing public intentions to get a COVID-19 vaccine in New Zealand, a country that has been largely successful in containing the pandemic but risks new outbreaks as less than 20% of the population is fully vaccinated by August 2021. Data on COVID-19 intentions were collected just after the vaccine approval and rollout targeting old-age groups in February 2021 and then before the general public rollout in May 2021 (n = 650, 60% reinterview response rate). Results show that intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine increased in three months and was the highest in the last one year. Consistent with the Theory of Planned Behaviour, attitudes and efficacy beliefs were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions, in the cross-sectional as well as longitudinal analyses. Findings highlight the persisting influence of attitudes, efficacy beliefs, and past intentions on future decision-making process to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Future research opportunities to understand vaccine intentions and improve public vaccine uptake are highlighted.
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Gupta, Suryaa, Shoko Watanabe, and Sean M. Laurent. "Psychological predictors of vaccination intentions among U.S. undergraduates and online panel workers during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): e0260380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260380.
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Objective Availability of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic, but herd immunity can only be achieved with high vaccination coverage. The present research examined psychological factors associated with intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination and whether reluctance towards novel pandemic vaccines are similar to vaccine hesitancy captured by a hypothetical measure used in previous research. Method Study 1 was administered to undergraduate students when COVID-19 was spreading exponentially (February-April 2020). Study 2 was conducted with online panel workers toward the end of the first U.S. wave (July 2020) as a pre-registered replication and extension of Study 1. In both studies, participants (total N = 1,022) rated their willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination and to vaccinate a hypothetical child for a fictitious disease, and then responded to various psychological measures. Results In both studies, vaccination intentions were positively associated with past flu vaccine uptake, self-reported vaccine knowledge, vaccine confidence, and sense of collective responsibility. Complacency (not perceiving disease as high-risk), anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs, perceived vaccine danger, and mistrust in science/scientists were negative correlates of vaccination intentions. Constraints (psychological barriers), calculation (extensive information-searching), analytical thinking, perceived disease vulnerability, self-other overlap, and conservatism were weakly associated with vaccination intentions but not consistently across both studies or vaccine types. Additionally, similar factors were associated with both real and hypothetical vaccination intentions, suggesting that conclusions from pre-COVID vaccine hesitancy research mostly generalize to the current pandemic situation. Conclusion Encouraging flu vaccine uptake, enhancing confidence in a novel vaccine, and fostering a sense of collective responsibility are particularly important as they uniquely predict COVID-19 vaccination intentions. By including both actual pandemic-related hesitancy measures and hypothetical hesitancy measures from past research in the same study, this work provides key context for the generalizability of earlier non-pandemic research.
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Dai, Hengchen, Silvia Saccardo, Maria A. Han, Lily Roh, Naveen Raja, Sitaram Vangala, Hardikkumar Modi, Shital Pandya, Michael Sloyan, and Daniel M. Croymans. "Behavioural nudges increase COVID-19 vaccinations." Nature 597, no. 7876 (August 2, 2021): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03843-2.
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AbstractEnhancing vaccine uptake is a critical public health challenge1. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy2,3 and failure to follow through on vaccination intentions3 requires effective communication strategies3,4. Here we present two sequential randomized controlled trials to test the effect of behavioural interventions on the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. We designed text-based reminders that make vaccination salient and easy, and delivered them to participants drawn from a healthcare system one day (first randomized controlled trial) (n = 93,354 participants; clinicaltrials number NCT04800965) and eight days (second randomized controlled trial) (n = 67,092 individuals; clinicaltrials number NCT04801524) after they received a notification of vaccine eligibility. The first reminder boosted appointment and vaccination rates within the healthcare system by 6.07 (84%) and 3.57 (26%) percentage points, respectively; the second reminder increased those outcomes by 1.65 and 1.06 percentage points, respectively. The first reminder had a greater effect when it was designed to make participants feel ownership of the vaccine dose. However, we found no evidence that combining the first reminder with a video-based information intervention designed to address vaccine hesitancy heightened its effect. We performed online studies (n = 3,181 participants) to examine vaccination intentions, which revealed patterns that diverged from those of the first randomized controlled trial; this underscores the importance of pilot-testing interventions in the field. Our findings inform the design of behavioural nudges for promoting health decisions5, and highlight the value of making vaccination easy and inducing feelings of ownership over vaccines.
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Golos, Aleksandra M., Daniel J. Hopkins, Syon P. Bhanot, and Alison M. Buttenheim. "Partisanship, Messaging, and the COVID-19 Vaccine: Evidence From Survey Experiments." American Journal of Health Promotion 36, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211049241.
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Purpose To investigate partisanship in COVID-19 attitudes, and assess partisan or scientific messaging effects on COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Design Two-wave survey with two-arm randomized experiment. Setting Recruited Pennsylvania residents online. Sample 2037 (May 2020) and 1577 (October 2020) Pennsylvania residents, aged 18–94 years. Intervention Respondents saw messaging that presented either President Trump or scientists endorsing the vaccine, then reported their vaccination intentions. Measures Likert scale items measuring COVID-19 attitudes (May), including mask wearing and vaccination intentions (May and October). Analysis Partisan differences in attitudes were analyzed by chi-square; differences in support for mask wearing and vaccination intentions were also analyzed by Mann–Whitney U. The messaging experiment was analyzed by chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and survey-weighted multivariate logistic regression. Results Significant partisan differences were found in all attitudes. The partisan split in support for mask wearing increased from May to October, whereas the split in vaccination intentions decreased. Compared to partisan messaging, scientific messaging increased overall odds of intending to vaccinate by 32% in May (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.65), and increased odds among Democrats by 142% in October (AOR = 2.42, CI = 1.29-4.55). Scientific messaging had no significant effect on independents or Republicans. Conclusion Partisan COVID-19 attitudes were widespread and persistent. Partisan endorsement of the vaccine positively influenced those with congruent beliefs, while scientific messaging produced consistent effects across political affiliation.
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Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin, Mondira Bardhan, Asma Safia Disha, Mehedi Hasan, Md Zahidul Haque, Rabeya Sultana, Md Riad Hossain, Matthew H. E. M. Browning, Md Ashraful Alam, and Malik Sallam. "Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among the Adult Population of Bangladesh Using the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior Model." Vaccines 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121393.
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Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the most effective strategies to halt the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to investigate the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors using two health behavior change frameworks: the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A total of 639 Bangladeshi adults (mean age: 24 years) participated in a cross-sectional online study between July and August 2021. The questionnaire covered questions regarding vaccine intentions, sociodemographic features, health status, perceived trust in/satisfaction with health authorities, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and factors related to the health behavior change frameworks. Hierarchical logistic regression was employed to determine associations between these predictors and vaccine acceptance. The intention to get a COVID-19 vaccination was expressed among 85% of the participants. In fully adjusted models, students and respondents with more normal body weights reported higher intentions to get vaccinated. Respondents were also more likely to seek vaccination if they reported greater levels of perceived susceptibility, benefits, and cues to action, as well as lower levels of barriers and self-efficacy. Fear of future vaccine side effects was the most common reason for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and was expressed by 94% of the vaccine-hesitant respondents. These factors should be considered by health authorities in Bangladesh and perhaps other countries when addressing the plateauing COVID-19 vaccination rates in many populations.
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Kerr, John R., Alexandra L. J. Freeman, Theresa M. Marteau, and Sander van der Linden. "Effect of Information about COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Side Effects on Behavioural Intentions: Two Online Experiments." Vaccines 9, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040379.
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The success of mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns rests on widespread uptake. However, although vaccinations provide good protection, they do not offer full immunity and while they likely reduce transmission of the virus to others, the extent of this remains uncertain. This produces a dilemma for communicators who wish to be transparent about benefits and harms and encourage continued caution in vaccinated individuals but not undermine confidence in an important public health measure. In two large pre-registered experimental studies on quota-sampled UK public participants we investigate the effects of providing transparent communication—including uncertainty—about vaccination effectiveness on decision-making. In Study 1 (n = 2097) we report that detailed information about COVID-19 vaccines, including results of clinical trials, does not have a significant impact on beliefs about the efficacy of such vaccines, concerns over side effects, or intentions to receive a vaccine. Study 2 (n = 2217) addressed concerns that highlighting the need to maintain protective behaviours (e.g., social distancing) post-vaccination may lower perceptions of vaccine efficacy and willingness to receive a vaccine. We do not find evidence of this: transparent messages did not significantly reduce perceptions of vaccine efficacy, and in some cases increased perceptions of efficacy. We again report no main effect of messages on intentions to receive a vaccine. The results of both studies suggest that transparently informing people of the limitations of vaccinations does not reduce intentions to be vaccinated but neither does it increase intentions to engage in protective behaviours post-vaccination.
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McElfish, Pearl A., Don E. Willis, Sumit K. Shah, Sharon Reece, Jennifer A. Andersen, Mario Schootman, Gloria Richard-Davis, James P. Selig, and T. Scott Warmack. "Parents’ and Guardians’ Intentions to Vaccinate Children against COVID-19." Vaccines 10, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030361.
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A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess Arkansas parents’/guardians’ intentions to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Parents/guardians whose oldest child was age 0–11 years (n = 171) or 12–17 years (n = 198) were recruited between 12 July and 30 July 2021 through random digit dialing. Among parents/guardians with an age-eligible child, age 12–17, 19% reported their child had been vaccinated, and 34% reported they would have their child vaccinated right away. Among parents/guardians with a child aged 0–11, 33% of parents/guardians reported they would have their child vaccinated right away. Twenty-eight percent (28%) of parents/guardians whose oldest child was 12–17 and 26% of parents/guardians whose oldest child was 0–11 reported they would only have their child vaccinated if their school required it; otherwise, they would definitely not vaccinate them. For both groups, parents’/guardians’ education, COVID-19 vaccination status, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were significantly associated with intentions to vaccinate their child. More than a third of parents/guardians whose child was eligible for vaccination at the time of the survey reported they intended to have them vaccinated right away; however, they had not vaccinated their child more than two months after approval. This finding raises questions about the remaining barriers constraining some parents/guardians from vaccinating their child.
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Zhou, Meng, Li Liu, Shu-Yan Gu, Xue-Qing Peng, Chi Zhang, Qi-Feng Wu, Xin-Peng Xu, and Hua You. "Behavioral Intention and Its Predictors toward COVID-19 Booster Vaccination among Chinese Parents: Applying Two Behavioral Theories." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 7520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127520.
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The booster vaccination of COVID-19 is being implemented in most parts of the world. This study used behavioral psychology to investigate the predictors of parents’ intentions regarding the COVID-19 booster vaccination for their children. This is a cross-sectional study with a self-designed questionnaire based on two behavioral theories—protective motivation theory (PMT) and theory of planned behavior (TPB). A stratified multi-stage sampling procedure was conducted in Nanjing, China, and multivariable regression analyses were applied to examine the parents’ intentions. The intention rate was 87.3%. The response efficacy (ORa = 2.238, 95% CI: 1.360–3.682) and response cost (ORa = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.319–0.732) in the PMT, were significant psychological predictors of parents’ intentions, and so were the attitude (ORa = 2.619, 95% CI: 1.480–4.636) and behavioral control (ORa = 3.743, 95% CI: 2.165–6.471) in the TPB. The findings of crucial independent predictors in the PMT and TPB constructs inform the evidence-based formulation and implementation of strategies for booster vaccination in children.
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Jensen, Ulrich T., Stephanie Ayers, and Alexis M. Koskan. "Video-based messages to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and nudge vaccination intentions." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): e0265736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265736.
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Vaccines are highly effective for curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Yet, millions of Americans remain hesitant about getting vaccinated, jeopardizing our ability to end the COVID-19 pandemic by fueling the spread and development of new variants. We show that brief video-based messages of encouragement addressing specific COVID-19 vaccine concerns increase vaccination intentions, and that vaccination intentions, in turn, are predictive of future vaccine uptake. Results from our online experiment reveal that willingness to get vaccinated is driven by messages that increase confidence in COVID-19 vaccines and perceived behavioral control to get vaccinated. Importantly, messages were particularly effective among more skeptical populations including people who identify as politically conservative or moderate and those who express low trust in government institutions. Our findings corroborate the real-world behavioral significance of vaccination intentions, and devise how even short, scalable online messages can provide governments and health authorities an inexpensive, yet effective tool for increasing intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 among populations most reluctant to get them.
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Kaufman, Jessica, Kathleen L. Bagot, Monsurul Hoq, Julie Leask, Holly Seale, Ruby Biezen, Lena Sanci, et al. "Factors Influencing Australian Healthcare Workers’ COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions across Settings: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Vaccines 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010003.
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Healthcare workers’ COVID-19 vaccination coverage is important for staff and patient safety, workforce capacity and patient uptake. We aimed to identify COVID-19 vaccine intentions, factors associated with uptake and information needs for healthcare workers in Victoria, Australia. We administered a cross-sectional online survey to healthcare workers in hospitals, primary care and aged or disability care settings (12 February–26 March 2021). The World Health Organization Behavioural and Social Drivers of COVID-19 vaccination framework informed survey design and framing of results. Binary regression results adjusted for demographics provide risk differences between those intending and not intending to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. In total, 3074 healthcare workers completed the survey. Primary care healthcare workers reported the highest intention to accept a COVID-19 vaccine (84%, 755/898), followed by hospital-based (77%, 1396/1811) and aged care workers (67%, 243/365). A higher proportion of aged care workers were concerned about passing COVID-19 to their patients compared to those working in primary care or hospitals. Only 25% felt they had sufficient information across five vaccine topics, but those with sufficient information had higher vaccine intentions. Approximately half thought vaccines should be mandated. Despite current high vaccine rates, our results remain relevant for booster programs and future vaccination rollouts.
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Willems, Lucia D., Vernandi Dyzel, and Paula S. Sterkenburg. "COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions amongst Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 10192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610192.
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A worldwide vaccination programme is the chosen strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy, however, forms a threat to achieving a high degree of vaccination. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to greater risks, in addition to HCWs who care for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, little is still known about these groups’ vaccine hesitancy. This review aims to provide insight into the intentions and attitudes of HCWs on COVID-19 vaccination, including those who care for people with ID. The search included both types and was conducted in nine databases. A total of 26 papers were identified concerning the vaccine intentions of 43,199 HCWs worldwide. The data were gathered both quantitively and qualitatively. The papers were analysed for all of the themes regarding vaccine intentions, which were: (1) percentages of vaccine willingness; (2) predictors of willingness; (3) attitudes of willingness and hesitancy; (4) sources of vaccination information; (5) contextual factors and changes in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance over time; and (6) future strategies for interventions. Concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy and short- and long-term side effects were the most prominent in HCWs and, therefore, should be addressed in future intervention strategies. Furthermore, interactive interventions are recommended to facilitate exchange, and accurate information should be accessible to target groups on social media platforms.