Relevant bibliographies by topics / Covid-19 exposure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Covid-19 exposure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Covid-19 exposure"

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Kang, Minji, Christopher Granda, Francesca J. Torriani, Randy Taplitz, Frank Myers, Marcia Isakari, and Shira Abeles. "499. Infection with Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Personnel with Exposure to COVID-19." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.692.

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Abstract Background As of June 2, 2020, 67,113 cases and 321 deaths due to Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) have been reported in healthcare personnel (HCP) in the United States. Given the close contact of HCP with individuals with COVID-19, it is important to quantify the risk of acquiring COVID-19 in the healthcare setting. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HCP exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at our academic medical center from March 15, 2020 to May 16, 2020. Exposure during the study period was defined as having contact with patients or other HCP with COVID-19 within 6 feet of distance for at least 90 seconds when HCP’s eyes, nose, or mouth were not covered. HCP with exposures were monitored for symptoms consistent with COVID-19 for 14 days from last exposure and those who developed symptoms were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. Results We identified 33 exposure events; 19 of which were patient-to-HCP exposures and 14 of which were HCP-to-HCP exposures. These 33 events resulted in 959 exposed HCP among whom 238 (25%) developed one or more symptoms of COVID-19 and required SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. Testing was performed at 7.1 ± 5.0 (mean ± SD) days from exposure. Of the 238 HCP who were tested, 82% were female and 49% were registered nurses (Table 1). Five HCP tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, but one was presumed to have acquired the disease from a household member with confirmed COVID-19. Among the four HCP who were infected due to occupational exposure, three were nurses while one was an environmental service worker (Table 1). Conclusion Despite exposures among HCP, the risk of acquiring symptomatic COVID-19 in the healthcare setting was low with less than 1% of HCP with occupational exposure subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. With the definition of exposure now changed to at least 15 minutes of close contact without personal protective equipment, we anticipate fewer exposures at our healthcare facility and that much of COVID-19 transmission affecting HCP are due to community exposures. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Fadel, Marc, Jerome Salomon, and Alexis Descatha. "COVID-19 Job Exposure Matrix." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 63, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): e168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002148.

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Qureshi, Adnan I., Carol Rheaume, Wei Huang, Iryna Lobanova, Raghav Govindarajan, Brandi R. French, Farhan Siddiq, Camilo R. Gomez, and Pradeep K. Sahota. "COVID-19 Exposure During Neurology Practice." Neurologist 26, no. 6 (November 2021): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nrl.0000000000000346.

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Cabas, Paolo, Stefano Di Bella, Mauro Giuffrè, Michele Rizzo, Carlo Trombetta, Roberto Luzzati, Roberta Maria Antonello, Ketty Parenzan, and Giovanni Liguori. "Community pharmacists' exposure to COVID-19." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 1882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.020.

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Silva, Sandra, Thriveen Mana, Davinder Bhullar, Beatrice Tabor, and Curtis Donskey. "451. Evaluation of Exposure History in Healthcare Personnel with Coronavirus 2019 Disease." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.644.

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Abstract Background During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many healthcare personnel (HCP) have developed COVID-19. However, there is uncertainty regarding whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was acquired at work versus in the community. Methods We conducted a cohort study to examine exposure history of personnel with COVID-19 infection or asymptomatic carriage in a VA healthcare system. High-risk exposures were classified based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Results Of 578 personnel tested, 49 (8%) had nasopharyngeal swabs with positive PCR results, including 45 (92%) with and 4 (8%) without COVID-19 symptoms. Of the 49 cases, 21 (43%) had a documented high-risk exposure at work, including 14 exposures to COVID-19 patients and 7 exposures to colonized or infected personnel. Exposures to infected patients most often were a result of delays in recognition of COVID-19 due to atypical presentations. Exposures to personnel with COVID-19 most often involved activities such as meals when facemasks were not worn. Most cases occurred among nurses (26, 53%) and administrative personnel (10, 20%); only 3 physicians developed COVID-19. No cases occurred in personnel working on COVID-19 wards. All personnel had mild or moderate disease. Conclusion Forty-three percent of healthcare personnel with COVID-19 had prior high-risk exposures at work. Improved detection of patients with atypical presentations and efforts to reduce high-risk contacts among personnel may reduce the risk for acquisition of SARS-CoV-2. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Choi, Ma-I., and Bo-Young Park. "Differences Between Dental Hygienists" Awareness of Vaccination and COVID-19 Vaccination According to Exposure to COVID-19." Health & Welfare 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23948/kshw.2022.09.24.3.173.

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Nurfitri, Nurfitri, Basri Basri, Nour Sriyanah, Andi Rizky Amaliah, Suradi Efendi, and Muhammad Hatta. "The Covid-19 Exposure Risk to Nurses from Covid-19 Patients: A Descriptive Study." Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v4i1.416.

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Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. The data on nurses who were infected with COVID-19 in the Camar room of the Dadi Hospital, South Sulawesi Province, Makassar City were 13 nurses. Objective: This study aims to describe the risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus on nurses in the Camar Room at the Dadi Hospital, South Sulawesi Province, Makassar City. Method: This type of research is descriptive research. The sample of this research is nurses who treat COVID-19 patients as many as 51 respondents using the total sampling technique. Results: Based on a Nurse care activities have a very high risk of being exposed to COVID-19 as many as 51 respondents (100.0%), based on biological material accidents of nurses who do not experienced a biological material accident with a low risk of being exposed to COVID-19 as many as 45 respondents (88.2%) and those who experienced a high risk of exposure to biological material accidents as many as 6 respondents (11.8%) and based on bedience in carrying out the IPC, nurses who obedient the IPC at low risk of exposure to COVID-19 as many as 38 respondents (74.5%) and nurses who disobedient with the IPC at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 as many as 13 respondents (22.5 %). Conclusions: The conclusions of the study are those who have a high risk of being exposed to COVID-19 are respondents who carry out activities to care for COVID-19 patients and those who are at low risk of being exposed to COVID-19 are respondents who have not experienced biological material accidents as well as respondents who are bedient in carrying out IPC procedures. Suggestions for further researchers can develop further research on the description of the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in nurses.
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Sasser, Jade S., Bronwyn Leebaw, Cesunica Ivey, Brandon Brown, Chikako Takeshita, and Alexander Nguyen. "Commentary: Intersectional perspectives on COVID-19 exposure." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 31, no. 3 (May 2021): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00336-2.

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Gentile, Ivan, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Prisco Piscitelli, and Annamaria Colao. "COVID-19: Time for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113997.

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From a healthcare perspective, infection due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and the ensuing syndrome called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) represents the biggest challenge the world has faced in several decades. Particularly worrisome are the high contagiousness of the virus and the saturation of hospitals’ capacity due to overwhelming caseloads. Non-pharmaceutical interventions such as quarantine and inter-personal distancing are crucial to limiting the spread of the virus in the general population, but more tailored interventions may be needed at an individual level on a case-by-case basis. In this perspective, the most insidious situation is when an individual has contact with a contagious subject without adequate protection. If rapidly recognized afterwards, this occurrence may be promptly addressed through a post-exposure chemoprophylaxis (PEP) with antiviral drugs. This strategy has been implemented for other respiratory viruses (influenza above all) and was successfully used in South Korea among healthcare workers against the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, by providing people who were exposed to high-risk contacts with lopinavir-ritonavir plus ribavirin. Initial experiences with the use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19 also seem promising. Post-exposure chemoprophylaxis might help mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the current phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Widiastuti, Anindita, Kunto Adi Wibowo, and Benazir Bona Pratamawaty. "Partisan Selective Exposure in COVID-19 News." Ultimacomm: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v13i1.1999.

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Partisan selective exposure to online COVID-19 news articles is hypothesized to increase one’s exposure time to politically opinion-reinforcing news when exposed to a more opinion-reinforcing news environment and to increase one’s exposure time to politically opinion-challenging news when exposed to a more opinion-challenging news environment. This blocked 2x3 within-subjects experimental study crossed partisan stance (Pro Jokowi vs. Pro Anies) as the blocking factor with news conditions as the experimental factors (Pro vs. Contra vs. Control). The study randomly assigned 216 participants living in the Jakarta metropolitan area during the COVID-19 pandemic to two experimental and one control group for each stance (Pro Stance, Contra Stance, Control). Data shows how participants significantly spent more time on politically opinion-reinforcing news when in the Pro Stance condition, compared to when in the Contra Stance condition, and compared to when in the Control condition. Participants only significantly spent more time on politically opinion-challenging news when in the Contra Stance condition as compared to when in the Pro Stance condition, but not significantly as when compared to in the Control condition. The study took a look at how partisan selective exposure may play out in a certain news environment and found how a polarized news environment would lead to a more polarized exposure, which could get disastrous as it may play a role in people’s behavior towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, getting ourselves accustomed to perspectives from an equal news environment could lead us to be less polarized, and therefore be wiser at determining our standpoints towards the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Covid-19 exposure"

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GALLINA, ROBERTA. "HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND EXPOSURE TO COVID-19: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF SOCIABILITY AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOURS IN FIVE ITALIAN PROVINCES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/378177.

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DISUGUAGLIANZE DI SALUTE ED ESPOSIZIONE AL COVID-19: UN'ANALISI ESPLORATIVA DELLA SOCIEVOLEZZA E DEI COMPORTAMENTI PREVENTIVI IN CINQUE PROVINCE ITALIANE I focolai di Covid-19 trascendono i meri aspetti medici del problema. Il contagio non è solo un problema medico, ma un fenomeno sociale che deve essere compreso sia attraverso i significati e le pratiche situate che cambiano durante le epidemie, sia identificando i contesti in cui le epidemie hanno luogo. L'analisi delle esperienze epidemiche o pandemiche del passato ha permesso di documentare l'esistenza di disuguaglianze nella salute. Una delle cause di queste disuguaglianze è legata all'esposizione al virus Sars-Cov-2. L'incontro con persone non conviventi, la frequentazione di luoghi più a rischio di contagio durante il tempo libero e la mancata adozione di comportamenti preventivi sono alcuni degli elementi che giocano un ruolo nell'esposizione alla Sars-Cov-2. Essendo una situazione senza precedenti, si è deciso di condurre uno studio esplorativo sulle disuguaglianze nell'esposizione a Covid-19. Si è deciso di realizzare un'indagine online per esplorare il fenomeno nell'autunno del 2020. Capire dove avviene il contagio e dove le persone credono di ammalarsi, conoscere le caratteristiche delle persone che si espongono maggiormente al virus sia nel tempo libero frequentando i luoghi a rischio sia non adottando comportamenti preventivi, e le differenze territoriali sono elementi non medici di cui però bisogna tenere conto per limitare la diffusione della Covid-19. I dati raccolti attraverso un'indagine online condotta tra ottobre e dicembre 2020 hanno mostrato che le abitazioni e i bar, le osterie e i ristoranti sono centrali nella diffusione dell'infezione nel campione. L'indagine ha anche rivelato che le caratteristiche che sembrano essere più rilevanti nel campione per l'adozione di comportamenti che li espongono maggiormente al virus sono essere maschi, essere giovani e vivere in una zona meno urbanizzata. Le aree meno urbanizzate tendono a prestare meno attenzione a ciò che potrebbe esporli all'infezione. Quindi, è possibile affermare un vantaggio sanitario urbano (Vlahov, Galea e Freudenberg 2005). Usando la cluster analysis abbiamo creato cinque profili che sono stati basati sui comportamenti preventivi. Le donne sono più rappresentate nei cluster più attenti alla prevenzione. In particolare, il cluster più virtuoso è caratterizzato da una maggiore percentuale di over 60, professionisti intellettuali e residenti a Monza e Bergamo. I due cluster meno attenti alla prevenzione sono caratterizzati da una maggiore presenza di uomini, giovani, professioni meno qualificate e residenti nelle province venete. Grazie ai risultati ottenuti possiamo quindi affermare che il genere, l'età, la professione e il livello di urbanizzazione del territorio in cui si vive possono essere considerati determinanti sociali della salute anche in relazione a Covid-19. Sulla base di questi determinanti si possono rilevare differenze di esposizione al virus a livello di luoghi frequentati nel tempo libero per la socievolezza e di comportamenti preventivi adottati. Nonostante alcune limitazioni, questo lavoro contribuisce significativamente alla letteratura sul Covid-19 attraverso una caratterizzazione approfondita dell'adozione di comportamenti preventivi. I risultati possono informare la ricerca futura sul Covid-19 e fornire informazioni utili per lo sviluppo e l'implementazione di interazioni e messaggi mirati per migliorare l'adozione di comportamenti preventivi.
HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND EXPOSURE TO COVID-19: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF SOCIABILITY AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOURS IN FIVE ITALIAN PROVINCES The outbreaks of Covid-19 transcends the mere medical aspects of the problem. Contagion is not only a medical problem, but a social phenomenon that needs to be understood both through situated meanings and practices that change during outbreaks and by identifying the contexts in which disease outbreaks take place. Analysis of past epidemic or pandemic experiences has allowed documentation of the existence of health inequalities. One of the causes of these inequalities is related to exposure to the Sars-Cov-2 virus. Meeting non-cohabitants, frequenting places more at risk of contagion during leisure time and not adopting preventive behaviour are some of the elements that play a role in Sars-Cov-2 exposure. As the situation was unprecedented, it was decided to conduct an exploratory study on inequalities in exposure to Covid-19. It was decided to carry out a suitable online survey to explore the phenomenon in the autumn of 2020. Understanding where contagion occurs and where people believe they will fall ill, knowing the characteristics of the people who expose themselves most to the virus both in their free time by frequenting places at risk and by not adopting preventive behaviour, and territorial differences are non-medical elements that must, however, be taken into account in order to limit the spread of Covid-19. The data collected through an online survey conducted between October and December 2020 showed that homes and bars, taverns and restaurants are central to the spread of the infection in the sample. The survey also revealed that the characteristics that seem to be most relevant in the sample for adopting behaviour that exposes them more to the virus are being male, being young and living in a less urbanised area. Less urbanised areas tend to pay less attention to what might expose them to infection. So, it is possible to assert an urban health advantage (Vlahov, Galea, and Freudenberg 2005). Using cluster analysis we created five profiles that have been based on preventive behaviours. Women are more represented in the clusters that are more attentive to prevention. In particular, the most virtuous cluster is characterised by a higher percentage of over 60s, intellectual professionals and residents of Monza and Bergamo. The two clusters less attentive to prevention are characterised by a greater presence of men, young people, less qualified professions and residents in the Venetian provinces. Thanks to the findings we can therefore state that gender, age, profession and the level of urbanisation of the territory in which one lives can be considered social determinants of health also in relation to Covid-19. On the basis of these determinants, differences in exposure to the virus can be detected at the level of places frequented in leisure time for sociability and preventive behaviour adopted. Regardless of some limitations, this work contributes significantly to the literature on Covid-19 through an in-depth characterisation of preventive behaviour adoption. The findings can inform future research on Covid-19 and provide useful information for the development and implementation of targeted interactions and messages to improve the adoption of preventive behaviours.
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Herzet, Cyril. "Hosting Tour De France Under Covid-19: Bargain Or Burden For New Stage Cities?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185193.

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The Tour De France (TDF) is the third largest sporting event in the world and the biggest cycling race in terms of popularity and prestige. The event generates global media exposure and attracts millions of short- and long-term visitors each year, thus, TDF is extremely appealing for communities in search of profits. Using Linear Directional Mean (LDM) and semi-structured interviews (community and organization sides), this paper analyzes how TDF has spatially evolved through time by comparing the 2021 racetrack to other time intervals. Additionally, reasons of the potential shift in terms of spatial distribution are investigated considering current issues due to the COVID-19 pandemic that has severely affected the tourism sector and therefore, the benefits that communities were expecting to perceive by hosting TDF. Findings showed that the 2021 route deviated from previous editions time of the TDF history including 10 new stage cities that never hosted the event before. The respondent from the organization indicated the pandemic only indirectly affected the TDF route and that the location of the Grand Départ as well as the main internal constraints imposed to the organizers are key elements in the spatial distribution of the event. Interviewed communities acknowledged that there was risk while hosting TDF this year due to potential restrictive measures. However, they recognized that benefits brought by the race largely overweight potential negative impacts from the epidemic. Indeed, TDF remains a way to bring economic benefits, social cohesion, happiness, pride and satisfaction to hosting cities at a time when the tourism industry is at a standstill.
Le Tour de France (TDF) est le troisième événement sportif au monde et la plus grande course cycliste en termes de popularité et de prestige. L’événement génère une exposition médiatique mondiale et attire chaque année des millions de visiteurs à court et à long terme. Le TDF est donc extrêmement attrayant pour les communautés à la recherche de profits. À l’aide de la Direction Moyenne Linéaire (MLD) et d’interviews semi-structurées (côté communauté et organisation), ce mémoire analyse l’évolution spatiale du TDF au fil du temps en comparant le parcours de 2021 à d’autres intervalles temporelles de la course. En outre, les raisons du changement potentiel en termes de distribution spatiale sont étudiées en tenant compte des problèmes actuels dus à la pandémie de COVID-19 ayant gravement affecté le secteur du tourisme et, par conséquent, les avantages que les communautés espéraient percevoir en accueillant le TDF. Les résultats ont montré que l’itinéraire de 2021 s’écarte des éditions précédentes de l’histoire du TDF en incluant 10 nouvelles villes étapes qui n’ont jamais accueilli l’événement auparavant. Le répondant de l’organisation a indiqué que la pandémie n’a affecté qu’indirectement le parcours du TDF et que l’emplacement du Grand Départ ainsi que les principales contraintes internes imposées aux organisateurs sont des éléments clés dans la répartition spatiale de l’événement. Les communautés interrogées ont reconnu qu’il y avait un risque à accueillir le TDF cette année en raison des mesures restrictives potentielles. Cependant, elles ont admis que les bénéfices apportés par la course surpassaient largement les impacts négatifs potentiels dus à l’épidémie. En effet, le TDF reste un moyen d’apporter des effets économiques positifs, de la cohésion sociale, du bonheur, de la fierté et de la satisfaction aux villes hôtes à un moment où l’industrie du tourisme est au point mort.
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Holesova, Gabriela. "The role of digital media in the dissemination of Covid-19 conspiracy theories: The case of Czech conspiracy theory believers." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44407.

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The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has been since its early beginnings accompanied by the spread of the so called 'infodemic' of misinformation and conspiracy theories about the virus in the media. This infodemic swiftly started to present a matter of significant concern especially in the dynamic landscape of digital media which due to an ease of sharing and content contribution allowed for Covid-19 conspiracy theories to continue to gain momentum. Because of the severe implications that the potential ill-informed actions of conspiracy theory believers could have on the public health, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the conspiracy theory believers and the way that they spread Covid-19 conspiracy theories. With this in mind, this thesis through the use of qualitative interviews probed into the worldviews of Covid-19 conspiracy theory believers in the Czech Republic. The analytical scrutiny of the interviews through the lens of the theories of network society, context collapse and echo chambers provided important insights into how Czech Covid-19 conspiracy theory believers use digital media in order to learn about and disseminate Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Additionally, this thesis provides an understanding of how the way the conspiracy theory believers navigate context collapse on Facebook drives them to seek echo chambers on e-mail which strengthen their beliefs in Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Moreover, my thesis also sheds light onto how the echo chambers are instrumental in the individuals' distrust in traditional media.
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Coppalle, Renaud. "Mise en lumière des capacités préservées d'apprentissage des personnes malades d'Alzheimer à un stade modéré à sévère à l'aide de l'art : un autre regard pour un autre accompagnement New long-term encoding in severely amnesic Alzheimer’s disease patients revealed through repeated exposureto artistic items Does multiple format presentation of songs increase encoding in patients with Alzheimer’s disease at a moderate to late stage? Preserved familiarity-based recognition for music and paintings in patients with Alzheimer’s disease at a moderate to late stage with extensive damages to the medial temporal lobe L’accompagnement des aidants depersonnes atteintes de maladies d’Alzheimerou apparentées : renouveler les approchesthéoriques de l’accompagnement en France Suivi de la situation et des ressentis des proches aidants de personnes avec maladie d’Alzheimer et troubles apparentés: Le cas particulier du confinement lié au Covid 19 Apports respectifs de la clinique et de la rechercheà la neuropsychologie Preservation of musical memory throughout the progression of Alzheimer’s disease? Toward a reconciliation of theoretical, clinical, and neuroimaging evidence Do musicians have better mnemonicand executive performance than actors? Influence of regular musical or theater practice in adults and in the elderly." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC018.

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La maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) est considérée depuis plus de 30 ans comme une pathologie de la mémoire empêchant l’apprentissage d’informations nouvelles en mémoire déclarative. Cependant, l’Histoire de la neuropsychologie rapporte des cas de patients présentant des capacités d’encodage résiduelles malgré une amnésie non-dégénérative avec des lésions pourtant proches de celles de la MA. Si les tâches de laboratoire échouent à montrer ces capacités dans la MA dès les stades légers en utilisant des stimuli verbaux et picturaux neutres, nous avons étudié dans quelle mesure la musique et d’autres types de stimuli artistiques peuvent permettre de les révéler dans des conditions plus écologiques, notamment par l’exposition passive répétée. En utilisant une échelle d’apprentissage construite pour étudier l’évolution du sentiment de familiarité dans la MA, nous avons pu révéler et décrire des apprentissages nouveaux chez ces patients à des stades modérés à sévères, ainsi qu’en inférer la nature au regard des modèles de mémoire classiques et contemporains. Pour finir, nous proposons de discuter en quoi la prise en compte de ces capacités pourrait changer les représentations associées à la MA, et améliorer l’accompagnement proposé aux patients et à leurs aidants familiaux et professionnels
For the past 30 years, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been considered as a crippling memory disorder impairing any possibility of new learnings in declarative memory. However, in the history of neuropsychology, cases of residual encoding have been reported with amnestic patients presenting different etiologies despite showing lesions very similar to AD. Although using neutral verbal and pictural items in laboratory settings failed to report preserved learning capacities from the mild stages, we investigated how using music and other artistic items in ecological settings may reveal these capacities in AD patients at a moderate to late stage, notably by passive repeated exposition. By relying on a behavioral scale designed to study the evolution of the sense of familiarity in these patients, we were able to show and describe new learnings in this population, and inferring their nature in view of both classical and contemporary memory models. Finally, we offer suggestions to discuss how acknowledging these capacities could change the way AD is perceived, and how it could help caring for people affected by it and their familial and professional caregivers
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Books on the topic "Covid-19 exposure"

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Munford, Luke, Sam Khavandi, Clare Bambra, and Natalie Bennett. Northern Exposure: COVID-19 and Regional Inequalities in Health and Wealth. Bristol University Press, 2023.

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Andree, Bo Pieter Johannes. Incidence of COVID-19 and Connections with Air Pollution Exposure: Evidence from the Netherlands. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9221.

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Pandemic Exposures: Economy and Society in the Time of Coronavirus. HAU Books, 2021.

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Toksoz, Cheryl. Regional Economic Outlook, April 2021, Middle East and Central Asia. International Monetary Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513576152.086.

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A year into the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the race between vaccine and virus entered a new phase in the Middle East and Central Asia, and the path to recovery in 2021 is expected to be long and divergent. The outlook will vary significantly across countries, depending on the pandemic’s path, vaccine rollouts, underlying fragilities, exposure to tourism and contact-intensive sectors, and policy space and actions. 2021 will be the year of policies that continue saving lives and livelihoods and promote recovery, while balancing the need for debt sustainability and financial resilience. At the same time, policymakers must not lose sight of the transformational challenges to build forward better and accelerate the creation of more inclusive, resilient, sustainable, and green economies. Regional and international cooperation will be key complements to strong domestic policies.
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Rosik, Piotr. Świat dostępności - metody i komponenty : przykłady analiz empirycznych przestrzeni Polski = The world of accessibility : methods and components : cases of emprical analyses in Poland's space. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego, Polska Akademia Nauk, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/9788361590767.

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Accessibility has many facets. This study focuses on accessibility involving people’s travel, or to be more precise, on the ability to cover the distance from point A (origin) to point B (destination). Accessibility thus defined has its: (1) components (i.e. transport, land-use, individual and temporal components), (2) dimensions (i.e. travel origin and destination, distance decay, restrictions, barriers, mode of transport, extent of study area, socioeconomic and territorial cohesion, and dynamics) and (3) attributes (i.e. affordability, availability, nodal accessibility, and acceptability). The components, dimensions and attributes combine to form the world of accessibility. After having been a subject of academic writing for decades, that world has finally received its own comprehensive volume by Polish author. The book covers its topic in seven chapters. It begins with an introduction, which lays down the objectives and structure of the study and is followed by a chapter covering the definition of accessibility. Chapter 3 is devoted to the methodology of accessibility research. The fourth and longest chapter offers a review of the most important areas of the world of accessibility built around the four components and the dimensions of accessibility. Chapter 5 focuses on the attributes of accessibility, transport exclusion and access equality. Chapter 6 presents the basics of the authors’ own new model of four accessibility factors (network, spatial, travel and individual) developed in the form of a NeST box model. The volume ends with a review of the major threads and considerations of accessibility research in the immediate future, namely: (1) Big Data; (2) distance decay; (3) external spatial effects; (4) sensitivity, criticality and exposure; (5) development of new forms of transport; (6) affordability and equality; (7) long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; (8) comparative analyses and evaluation using accessibility indices.
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Book chapters on the topic "Covid-19 exposure"

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Lenz, Cátia Aguiar, and Michele Antunes. "Coronavirus: Exposure and Risk to Workers' Health." In Living with COVID-19, 105–31. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003168287-6.

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Amin, Zaid, Nazlena Mohamad Ali, and Alan F. Smeaton. "Attention-Based Design and Selective Exposure Amid COVID-19 Misinformation Sharing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 501–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78468-3_34.

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Jordan, Lisa, and Albert Tang. "Exploring Communication Framing Methods that Link Changes in Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19 to Promote Post-pandemic Sustainability Policy." In COVID-19: Paving the Way for a More Sustainable World, 79–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69284-1_5.

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Boris, Eileen. "Vulnerability and Resilience in the Covid-19 Crisis: Race, Gender, and Belonging." In Migration and Pandemics, 65–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_4.

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AbstractDuring the early months of the 2020 pandemic, migrants who travelled to the United States to pick crops, scrub floors, stock warehouses, and tend to elders became ‘heroes’ for performing necessary labour – unless they were surplus bodies crammed into prison-like detention waystations before being deported for the crime of arriving without proper papers. The pandemic intensified states of precarity. Especially among those labelled as ‘essential workers’, the lack of protective equipment and labour rights put them on the frontline of exposure. But domestic and home care workers, meatpackers, fieldhands, and others in the US stepped out of the shadows to demand inclusion in social assistance, occupational health and safety laws, and other state benefits. This chapter historicises the recent hardships and the organising of (im)migrant workers: it shows that the policies of Donald J. Trump were not an aberration, but part of a national pattern of racial differentiation with gendered inflections. Vulnerability, however, is only part of the story. Workers remained resilient in the face of the hidden enemy of Covid-19, as they sought safe and decent living and working conditions.
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Towheed, Shafquat. "An Examination of Bookshelves in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic as a “Liminal Space”." In New Directions in Book History, 31–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05292-7_2.

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AbstractIn the space of a few weeks in 2020, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus into a global pandemic has changed the way we work, live, interact and communicate with one another. One highly unexpected result of the massive rise in homeworking has been an extraordinary exposure of domestic bookshelves, which in the famous words of Amanda Hess, have become the “quarantine’s hottest accessory” (New York Times, May 1, 2020). Personal bookshelves had hitherto been jealously guarded, a marker for personal taste and shared only with the select few invited into their owners’ households and allowed to scan the titles on display. This physically delimited space has now been unleashed upon the world: where once few people could look at the books on our shelves, now theoretically, almost everyone can. The pandemic bookshelf has accidently been fashioned into the most ubiquitous liminal zone anywhere: it is the ostensibly private and personal backdrop for the staging of our public, digitally mediated, professional existence. Drawing upon theoretical perspectives from anthropology, psychology and literary theory, this chapter explores the many ways in which the private-public bookshelf has become the cultural liminal space par excellence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ramacher, Martin Otto Paul, Volker Matthias, Ronny Badeke, Ronny Petrik, Markus Quante, Jan Arndt, Lea Fink, et al. "Urban Population Exposure to Air Pollution Under COVID-19 Lockdown Conditions—Combined Effects of Emissions and Population Activity." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII, 319–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_43.

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Ramirez, Amelie G., and Edward J. Trapido. "Looking Forward: Continuing Collaboration for Action." In Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos, 209–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3_18.

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AbstractThe second ASCL conference was held in February 2020, about 1 month after the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was documented in the United States and before evidence of community spread. Since then, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic that has disproportionately infected, hospitalized, and killed ethnic and racial minorities in the United States (Jacobson et al., Am J Prev Med 61(5):644–651, 2021; Moore et al., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:1122–1126, 2020; Shiels et al., Ann Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.7326/m21-2134, 2021; American Cancer Society, Cancer facts & figures 2021. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 2021). According to a report of provisional life expectancy estimates from the National Center for Health Statistics, the life expectancy for US Hispanics decreased 3 years (81.8–78.8) between 2019 and 2020. As a result, the life expectancy advantage held by Hispanics over non-Hispanic whites narrowed by 60%, suggesting poorer health and mortality outcomes for the US Hispanic population. It is estimated that 90% of this decline in the life expectancy gap is the result of mortality caused by COVID-19 (Arias et al., Provisional life expectancy estimates for 2020. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, 2021). Some speculate that this disease disparity exists because Hispanics and other underrepresented groups receive the greatest exposure to the virus. They are more likely to live in densely populated areas and multigenerational households; use public transportation; and have essential public-facing jobs in the service and healthcare sectors, where working from home is not an option (American Cancer Society, Cancer facts & figures 2021. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 2021; Hooper et al., JAMA 323(24):2466–2467, 2020; Balogun et al., JAMA Oncol 6(10):1531–1532, 2020). If infected, they are also more likely to experience severe symptoms of COVID-19 because of comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and other chronic conditions (Hooper et al., JAMA 323(24):2466–2467, 2020).
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Pignocchino, Gianmarco, Alessandro Pezzoli, and Angelo Besana. "Satellite Data and Epidemic Cartography: A Study of the Relationship Between the Concentration of NO2 and the COVID-19 Epidemic." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94426-1_5.

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AbstractSatellite data are widely used to study the spatial component of epidemics: to monitor their evolution, to create epidemiological risk maps and predictive models. The improvement of data quality, not only in technical terms but also of scientific relevance and robustness, represents in this context one of the most important aspects for health information technology that can make further significant and useful progress in monitoring and managing epidemics. In this regard, this paper intends to address an issue that is not always adequately considered in the use of satellite data for the creation of maps and spatial models of epidemics, namely the preliminary verification of the level of spatial correlation between remote sensing environmental variables and epidemics. Specifically, we intend to evaluate the contribution of exposure to the pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the spatial spread of the virus and the severity of the current COVID infection.
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Pat, Lian Ying-Chun, Bobo Hi-Po Lau, Jacky Chi-kit Ng, and Wai Fu. "The Association Between Stress Exposure, Traumatic Stress and Post-traumatic Growth Among Hong Kong Young Adults Under the “Double-Hit” of Social Unrest and COVID-19." In Proceedings of the Meaning in Life International Conference 2022 - Cultivating, Promoting, and Enhancing Meaning in Life Across Cultures and Life Span (MIL 2022), 129–41. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-096-1_10.

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Mututwa, Wishes Tendayi, and Akpojivi Ufuoma. "Critical Journalism and Media Convergence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Representation of Corruption in Zimbabwean Online News." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa, 75–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_5.

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AbstractThe coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, which began in China’s Wuhan province in December 2019, has impacted nation states, highlighting their approaches and abilities to fight the pandemic. In Zimbabwe, attempts at fighting the pandemic have opened the floodgates for COVID-19-related corruption by “Covidpreneurs”-the politically connected and public officials. Therefore, in this chapter, we seek to examine the role of critical journalism and media convergence in exposing COVID-19-related corruption in Zimbabwe. Using qualitative content analysis on Zimlive newspaper stories culled over 1 month (1–30 June), interviews with media practitioners, and media convergence theory as a lens, this chapter critically looks at the discourses from Zimlive, and how these discourses expose corruption scandals involving COVID-19 funds. The study argues that critical journalism, taking advantage of digital technologies, was pivotal in exposing COVID-19 corruption in Zimbabwe.
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Conference papers on the topic "Covid-19 exposure"

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Leith, Douglas J., and Stephen Farrell. "Google/Apple Exposure Notification Due Diligence." In Innovative Secure IT Technologies against COVID-19 Workshop. Reston, VA: Internet Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14722/coronadef.2021.23005.

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Finahari, Nurida, and Gatut Rubiono. "Potential Dancer Resistance to Covid-19 Exposure." In International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201221.032.

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Nixon, Brian T., Rakan Alseghayer, Benjamin Graybill, Xiaozhong Zhang, Constantinos Costa, and Panos K. Chrysanthis. "Efficient Detection of COVID-19 Exposure Risk." In 2022 23rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdm55031.2022.00068.

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Zhang, Yunqian, Yichen Lyu, and Ruize Sun. "Media Exposure of Covid-19 and Mental Health." In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.132.

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Zainun, Noor Yasmin, Nadiatul Nazleen Ajman, Noralfishah Sulaiman, and Shabir Hussain Khahro. "Challenges Faced in Managing Covid-19 Pandemic Case Study: Malaysia." In Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.220131.043.

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Nakajima, Isao, and Masatsugu Tsuji. "Issues on Japanese COVID-19 Exposure Notifications Application (COCOA)." In 2022 4th International Conference on Computer Communication and the Internet (ICCCI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci55554.2022.9850270.

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Kurniawansyah, Amilia Firman, and Agung Kridoyono. "A Perspective to Combat Covid-19 Disease: Manufacturing and Formulating Inhalable Pharmaceuticals." In Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.220131.003.

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Mahdiyah, Mutiara Dahlia, S. A. Hakim, Kasyifaturrahmah, Fildzah Rudyah, and Putri. "The Roles of Nutritional Knowledge on Culinary Students in Pandemic Covid-19." In Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.220131.054.

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Nugraheni, Murien, Widodo, and Irma Permata Sari. "A Case-Based Reasoning for Detection Coronavirus (Covid-19) Using Cosine Similarity." In Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.220131.030.

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Schooley, Benjamin, and Sue Feldman. "Development and Use of a COVID-19 Back to Work Symptom Assessment Tool to Reduce COVID-19 Disease Exposure." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.463.

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Reports on the topic "Covid-19 exposure"

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Hassan, Tarek Alexander, Stephan Hollander, Laurence van Lent, Markus Schwedeler, and Ahmed Tahoun. Firm-level Exposure to Epidemic Diseases: Covid-19, SARS, and H1N1. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26971.

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Cerda, Maikol, David Cervantes, Paul Gertler, Sean Higgins, Ana María Montoya, Eric Parrado, Carlos Serrano, Raimundo Undurraga, and Patricia Yáñez-Pagans. Covid-19 Pandemic and SMEs' Performance in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004720.

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The COVID-19 pandemic generated a large negative external shock to the global economy. Businesses worldwide were affected by economic, health, and mobility restrictions that impacted consumers ability to access goods and services and firms profitability and survival rates. In this paper, we study the economic performance of Latin American MSMEs during the pandemic using disaggregated and high-frequency administrative banking deposits and income data from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. We observe a sharp short-term decline in firm earnings due to the implementation of lockdowns during the second half of March 2020. We show this decline had a heterogeneous impact by economic sector, firm size, and transaction type (in-person vs. online). Focusing on financial technology adoption by studying the migration from in-person to online banking transactions, we find that MSMEs managed to recover revenues to pre-pandemic levels in early 2021 thanks to an increased share of online transactions and that industries facing higher physical exposure to the public (e.g., retailers) experienced a more considerable decline and a slower recovery.
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Chudik, Alexander, M. Hashem Pesaran, and Alessandro Rebucci. Voluntary and Mandatory Social Distancing: Evidence on COVID-19 Exposure Rates from Chinese Provinces and Selected Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27039.

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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2036.

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COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2036.

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COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.

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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
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Kain, Dylan, Nathan M. Stall, Vanessa Allen, Gerald A. Evans, Jessica Hopkins, Fiona G. Kouyoumdjian, Allison McGeer, et al. Routine Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Screen Testing of Ontario Long-Term Care Staff After COVID-19 Vaccination. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.15.1.0.

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SARS-CoV-2 screen testing is routine serial testing of asymptomatic individuals outside of outbreak or known exposure settings to identify staff infectious with SARS-CoV-2 and exclude them from work. Routine asymptomatic screen testing of staff has been proposed as a potential mitigating strategy to reduce SARS-CoV-2 introduction and transmission in long-term care (LTC) homes. A rapid review of the literature found no real-world evidence to either support or refute screen testing in preventing LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks. There are several direct harms associated with screen testing, as well as opportunity costs, including exacerbating LTC staffing shortages. On the basis of the evidence reviewed, and given the high rates of protection of COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the potential harms and costs of screen testing among vaccinated LTC home staff likely outweigh the benefits.
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Idris, Iffat. Areas and Population Groups in Pakistan Most Exposed to Combined Effects of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and COVID-19. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.058.

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There are strong interlinkages between the effects of climate change and natural disasters in Pakistan, food insecurity, and exposure to COVID-19. Areas/groups at risk of one will often be at risk of the others as well, demonstrating the complexities and multifaceted nature of vulnerability, risk, and exposure. In areas exposed to natural disasters, for example, there are likely to be higher levels of food insecurity. Key geographic areas at risk of the combined effects of climate change natural disasters and food insecurity in Pakistan are Balochistan, Sindh, southern Punjab, and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). With the exception of Balochistan due to its very low population density, these are all also regions at high risk of COVID-19. Key population groups, especially at risk, are the poor and landless, and women. The poor, in particular, lack the capacity to adapt or recover from climate change impacts and natural disasters, face difficulties in accessing adequate food, and often live/work in conditions that promote transmission of COVID-19. This rapid review looks at areas and population groups in Pakistan most exposed to the combined effects of climate change and natural disasters, food insecurity and malnutrition, and COVID-19. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, including reports by development organisations. While considerable information was found about the diverse effects of climate change and natural disasters on different parts of the country (including down to district level), data on food insecurity was largely only at the provincial level. There are also significant gaps in the evidence base on specific population groups, notably religious minorities.
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Goyeneche, Laura, Cynthia Boruchowicz, Florencia Lopez Boo, Luis Tejerina, Benjamin Roseth, and Jennifer Nelson. Pandemics, privacy, and adoption of technology: Perceptions of the use of digital tools and data sharing during COVID-19 from 10 Latin American countries. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004546.

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This study describes the perception, adoption, and acceptance factors involved in the deployment of digital technologies for public health in Latin America and considers the implications for future digital health interventions. We conducted a descriptive analysis using nationally representative data from a phone survey conducted in 2020 in 10 countries in Latin America. We found that early in the pandemic, in countries with existing applications, 74% of the population used a smartphone, 47% had knowledge of the government app to report symptoms, but only 2% reported using it. Those interviewed reported that they are willing to share their personal data during a pandemic (61%) 50 percentage points higher than in non-pandemic times, although understanding how their personal data was used by the government and private companies was extremely low. More than 70% reported that they would use an application to report symptoms and would use an app that accesses their location or that uses contact tracing technology to alert them about possible exposure. Also, at least half of the users agree with preventive measures against COVID-19 such as daily follow-up calls, tracking via GPS for quarantine enforcement, and daily visits. In all countries, adoption of digital technologies increases if individuals or their relatives report they are infected; it decreases when end-users do not trust the anonymity policies or are concerned about government surveillance. Yet, encouraging greater adoption of digital technologies strongly depends on who designed the technology. Results show that 73% of users would prefer an app designed by an international organization such as the WHO to an app designed by the local government (64%) or a telephone company (56%). The study concludes with a reflection on the promising results of digital technologies and discusses the importance of considering users perceptions, factors for acceptance, and trust when pursuing adoption of digital technologies.
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Mayer, Karl Ulrich. Aspects of a sociology of the pandemic: Inequalities and the life course. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.per01.

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Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the contributions of the social sciences to discussions about pandemic management have become more visible and more significant. In this essay, I review major aspects of a sociology of the pandemic. After providing an overview of the potential contributions of the different fields of sociology (the “toolbox” of sociology), I discuss two main domains: first, social inequalities and how they relate to the process of the spread of COVID-19 from exposure and infection, and to the consequences of the pandemic in the wider population; and, second, the potential long-term effects of the pandemic on the life course.
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