Relevant bibliographies by topics / Covid 19 and air pollution

Academic literature on the topic 'Covid 19 and air pollution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Covid 19 and air pollution"

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M, Luisetto, and Naseer Al-Mukthar. "Air Pollution COVID-19 and Forensic Implications." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1284.

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COVID-19 and the new variant are a classic example of viral and environmental toxicology link. Observing literature related spread velocity and diffusion of this respiratory virus it is clear the role played by air pollution. The high rate of this environmental pollutant produced a worsening factors that increased mortality rate also.
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Contini, Daniele, and Francesca Costabile. "Does Air Pollution Influence COVID-19 Outbreaks?" Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040377.

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Rieder, Hans L. "Air pollution, COVID-19, and tuberculosis interrelationship." Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 67, no. 3 (July 2020): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.07.033.

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Li, Wei. "Impact of Environmental Pollution on COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 3, no. 3 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000143.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic is not finished yet, so it’s taught us a lot of lessons already-the hard way. The current situation is dominated by studies on identifying the factors that impact, taking preventive steps and trying to find successful care at the top of the list. Countries around the globe have made some arrangement of lockdown in order to slow down their infection. However this lockdown makes some positive effect on air quality and substantial reduction in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) air pollution worldwide. Luckily, NASA collected the images over Sentinel-5p satellite broadcasting using TROPOMI (TROPPspheric Monitoring Instrument) and issues the various images of major city of Pakistan before and after lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on the Pakistan air pollution.
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Hassan, Muhammad Azher, Tariq Mehmood, Ehtisham Lodhi, Muhammad Bilal, Afzal Ahmed Dar, and Junjie Liu. "Lockdown Amid COVID-19 Ascendancy over Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution Anomaly." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 13540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013540.

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Air is a diverse mixture of gaseous and suspended solid particles. Several new substances are being added to the air daily, polluting it and causing human health effects. Particulate matter (PM) is the primary health concern among these air toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) addressed the fact that particulate pollution affects human health more severely than other air pollutants. The spread of air pollution and viruses, two of our millennium’s most serious concerns, have been linked closely. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can spread through the air, and PM could act as a host to spread the virus beyond those in close contact. Studies on COVID-19 cover diverse environmental segments and become complicated with time. As PM pollution is related to everyday life, an essential awareness regarding PM-impacted COVID-19 among the masses is required, which can help researchers understand the various features of ambient particulate pollution, particularly in the era of COVID-19. Given this, the present work provides an overview of the recent developments in COVID-19 research linked to ambient particulate studies. This review summarizes the effect of the lockdown on the characteristics of ambient particulate matter pollution, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19, and the combined health repercussions of PM pollution. In addition to a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of the lockdown, its rationales—based on topographic and socioeconomic dynamics—are also discussed in detail. The current review is expected to encourage and motivate academics to concentrate on improving air quality management and COVID-19 control.
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NOOR, THANA. "Pandemic Covid 19 and its Effects that Limiting Air Pollution: A Review." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 51, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36872/lepi/v51i2/301150.

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Fulekar, Jyoti, Radhey Shyam Kaushal, and Madhusudan H. Fulekar. "Covid-19 Lockdown: Environmental Scenario." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1106.002.

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Worldwide, Corona virus Lock down, including India has improved- Air Quality, Water Quality and Reduction in Green House Gases-Emission as Industries shut, transportation slowed, Flights grounded and Human Activities minimised; there was no Air pollution emission, there was no dumping and /or discharging of Industrial effluents, Solid wastes, Sewage etc. which are sources of pollution. India’s Corona virus –Lock down improves water quality of Rivers-Ganga and Yamuna and others water resources as well. Industrial effluents and Sewage, if not discharged, in Ganga-River, Ganga Water can be purified. People in Delhi, one of the World’s polluted Cities, are now breathing Cleaner Air. Many other Countries around the World have also seen Air Quality improved Amid the Pandemic. The Covid-19 –Lock down. Corona virus measures imposed in different countries have positive impact on Environment. There is a need to end the illegal wildlife trade globally to prevent future pandemic and biodiversity loss. The Covid-19 had positive and negative consequences on biodiversity resources. The Covid-19 pandemic remains a threat to biodiversity conservation. Worldwide- Green House Gases- Emissions reduced: India (Delhi)-70%, USA (North-East)-30%, China -10%, European Countries-58% likewise. However, Environmentalist worried- reduction in Air Pollution & GHG’s-emission is Temporary, as Work will retain to Business, the Level of Air Pollution and GHS’s –level again will come back to the level as found, before Corona virus-Lock down. European Activist call for Green Investment to restart growth after Corona virus Crises; and ensure that rebuilt Economies are stronger. Green Groups in India’s suggested to take note and rethink Policies on Industrial Development for Concern of Environment. During covid-19 lockdown period climate changes have also been highlighted.
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Chandu, Kavitha, D. V. Mahalakshmi, A. L. Kanchana, P. Mahesh, A. Dharmaraju, and Madhavaprasad Dasari. "Air Pollution and COVID-19: Any Causal Link?" Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2022-0003.

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Abstract Several studies have amply proved that air pollution negatively impacts human health. The nature of its effects on COVID-19 has, of late, become an area for investigation across the world. The present study reviews reports in the literature that centred on whether the presence and impact of air pollutants magnified the symptoms and actions of COVID-19 and whether preventive measures taken, starting with lockdown, affected air pollution levels. This may help to establish causality, if any, between pollution and COVID-19. Studies were chosen to ensure representation of all continents with diverse climatic conditions with the exception of Australia. Most of the studies concluded that air pollutants declined as a result of the lockdowns imposed to constrain the spread of COVID-19. A significant reduction in NO2 is observed along with the resultant increase in tropospheric ozone in the atmosphere. The inference is untrue in hostile meteorological conditions. According to some studies, reduction in pollutants aided in contracting the spread and severity of COVID-19. On the other hand, hostile weather conditions incited the spread and magnitude of COVID-19. A governmental policy inference could be that government intervention through imposing a lockdown would reduce air pollution and ensure the health safety of the people, but economic growth considerations need to be balanced against the benefit for public health.
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Nichol, Janet E., Muhammad Bilal, Md Arfan Ali, and Zhongfeng Qiu. "Air Pollution Scenario over China during COVID-19." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132100.

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The unprecedented slowdown in China during the COVID-19 period of November 2019 to April 2020 should have reduced pollution in smog-laden cities. However, moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) show a marked increase in aerosols over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BHT) region and most of Northeast and Central China, compared with the previous winter. Fine particulate (PM2.5) data from ground monitoring stations show an increase of 19.5% in Beijing during January and February 2020, and no reduction for Tianjin. In March and April 2020, a different spatial pattern emerges, with very high AOD levels observed over 50% of the Chinese mainland, and including peripheral regions in the northwest and southwest. At the same time, ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) satellite-derived NO2 concentrations fell drastically across China. The increase in PM2.5 while NO2 decreased in BTH and across China is likely due to enhanced production of secondary particulates. These are formed when reductions in NOx result in increased ozone formation, thus increasing the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. Support for this explanation is provided by ground level air quality data showing increased volume of fine mode aerosols throughout February and March 2020, and increased levels of PM2.5, relative humidity (RH), and ozone during haze episodes in the COVID-19 lockdown period. Backward trajectories show the origin of air masses affecting industrial centers of North and East China to be local. Other contributors to increased atmospheric particulates may include inflated industrial production in peripheral regions to compensate loss in the main population and industrial centers, and low wind speeds. Satellite monitoring of the extraordinary atmospheric conditions resulting from the COVID-19 shutdown could enhance understanding of smog formation and attempts to control it.
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a, Bichi, and Mustapha Hassan Ph.D. "AIR POLLUTION AND COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11081.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Covid 19 and air pollution"

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Allen, Elizabeth. "Environmental Injustice in Massachusetts: The COVID-19 Pandemic, Air Pollution, and Other Correlating Factors." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109161.

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Thesis advisor: Yasmin Zaerpoor
The Coronavirus pandemic has cast a new light on the intersection of environmental justice and public health, as communities of color and low-income communities have experienced greater rates of infection and mortality due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These inequalities can be attributed to a multitude of injustices. I investigate the impact that air pollution has had on COVID-19 incidence within Massachusetts, while also investigating other possible correlating factors. I use a regression model to consider the impact of air pollution, population density, race, income, age, and education on COVID-19 positivity rates in Massachusetts. In this study, I found that air pollution, population density, and the percentage of Hispanic population in a given community were all statistically significant in a linear regression model. Further research would be needed to investigate whether the coefficient on Hispanic population is conclusive. It is possible that the significant coefficient is picking up variables that are not included in this regression, namely the percentage of essential workers or access to healthcare
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Environmental Studies
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Cruvinel, Brandao Fonseca Marinho Rayssa. "Atmospheric Pollutant Levels in Southeast Brazil During COVID-19 Lockdown: Combined Satellite and Ground-based Data Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102026.

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With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic being spread all over the world, lockdown measures are being implemented making air pollution levels go down in several countries. In this context, the air quality changes in the highly populated and trafficked Brazilian states of Sao Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ) are hereby going to be addressed using a combination of satellite and ground-based data analysis. We explored nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5) daily levels for the month of May during different years within 2015-2020. Daily measurements of NO2 column concentrations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Aura satellite were also gathered and averaged decreases of 42% and 49.6% were found for the year of 2020 compared to previous averaged 2015-2019 years. In parallel to the NO2 column retrieval, the ground-based data, measured by the Brazilian States Environmental Institutions, is analyzed, and correlated with satellite retrievals. Correlation coefficients between column and ground-based concentrations were 77% and 53% in SP and RJ, respectively. It was found a 13.3% (p-value = 0.099) and 18.8% (p-value = 0.077) decrease in NO2 levels for SP and RJ, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019. For PM2.5, no significant change was observed for the same time period in the SP region, although the high number of fire burnings in the Southeast region seemed to be affecting PM2.5 levels. In addition to natural emissions (fire burnings), the combined data was also evaluated taking meteorological parameters, such as temperature and wind speed, into account. No interference of weather or fire was found in 2020 NO2 ground levels compared to previous years, This integrated analysis is innovative and has yet to be more explored in Brazilian studies. This is true specifically because the ground-based stations are spatially and temporally sparse in Brazil.
Master of Science
This study aims to explore satellite data applied to the lockdown context resultant from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Satellite data usage in air quality management is yet to be explored to its full potential. Two highly populated states were chosen: Sao Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Local governments have been imposing limitations on private and public vehicle circulation, inducing a decrease in atmospheric pollutant levels, specifically nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is directly emitted to the air by fuel combustion. NO2 is also short-lived in the atmosphere, so its variation within days can be easily captured. PM2.5, a category of fine inhalable particles, can be produced by wildfires, in addition to fuel burning and mechanical processes such as resuspension by cars. Here we retrieved daily NO2 vertical column densities for the month of May within the 2015-2020 years from the OMI instrument onboard of NASA's Aura satellite. Ground daily NO2 and PM2.5 measurements were also collected from local environmental agencies. Results showed an average 42% decrease of the NO2 column values in SP in 2020 compared to 2015-2019. The decrease was 49.6% in RJ for the same timeframe. Correspondent surface data showed a decrease of 13.3% (p-value = 0.099) and 18.8% (p-value = 0.077) during 2020 compared to 2019 in SP and RJ stations, respectively. No significant divergence in PM2.5 values was found between 2019 and 2020. Finally, weather data was added to the pollutant analysis. PM2.5 concentrations were associated with wildfires, while the NO2 levels found in 2020 for SP and RJ were attributed to local lockdown decrees. Satellite retrievals showed significant potential in filling out ground datasets, correlating with the SP and RJ surface data in 77% and 53%, respectively.
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Фисина, Костянтин Анатолійович, and Kostiantyn Anatoliyovich Fysyna. "COVID-19 air transportation strains." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50777.

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1. Abate, Megersa, Panayotis Christidis and Alloysius Joko Purwanto (2020), “Government support to airlines in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic”, Journal of Air Transport Management 89:101931, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101931 2. IEA (2020), “Changes in transport behaviour during the Covid-19 crisis”, International Energy Agency, Paris, URL: https://www.iea.org/articles/changes-in-transport behaviour-during-the-covid-19-crisis 3. International Transport Forum (2020), “Restoring air connectivity under policies to mitigate climate change”, COVID-19 Transport Brief, URL: https://www.itf oecd.org/sites/default/files/air-connectivity-covid-19.pdf 4. International Transport Forum (2018), “Government support measures for domestic air connectivity”, Case-Specific Policy Analysis Reports, URL: https://www.itf oecd.org/government-support-measures-domestic-air-connectivit
Around 58% of tourists arrive at their destination by air and the stop in air traffic has created a massive negative effect on that industry as well. Over $630 billion in reduced GDP benefits from air travel-related tourism will be matched with 26.4 million jobs lost. But tourism in a wider sense is also very hard-hit, with analysis suggesting the pandemic could translate into a drop of 850 million to 1.1 billion international tourists and a loss of $910 billion to $1.2 trillion in export revenues from tourism, putting 100 to 120 million direct tourism jobs at risk.
Близько 58% туристів прибувають до місця призначення повітряним транспортом і зупинкою в повітрі транспорт також створив значний негативний вплив на цю галузь. Понад 630 мільярдів доларів у зменшенні ВВП вигоди від туризму, пов'язаного з повітряними подорожами, будуть відповідати 26,4 мільйона втрачених робочих місць. Але туризм у ширшому розумінні також дуже постраждалий, якщо аналізувати припускаючи, що пандемія може призвести до падіння від 850 до 1,1 мільярда міжнародних туристів та втрати від експорту від 910 млрд. до 1,2 трлн. доларів туризму, піддаючи ризику 100-120 мільйонів прямих туристичних робочих місць.
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Liu, Liqun. "Health effects of air pollution and meteorology." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-146119.

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Побоченко, Леся Миколаївна, Леся Николаевна Побоченко, and Lesia Pobochenko. "Вплив COVID-19 на авіаційні перевезення в світі." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53173.

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Досліджено вплив COVID-19 на авіаційні перевезення в світі (міжнародні та внутрішні перевезення). Проаналізовано регіональний розподіл міжнародних авіапасажирів у світі в контексті пандемії COVID-19.
Исследовано влияние COVID-19 на авиационные перевозки в мире (международные и внутренние перевозки). Проанализировано региональное распределение международных авиапассажиров в мире в контексте пандемии COVID-19.
The impact of COVID-19 on air transportation in the world (international and domestic transportation) has been studied. The regional distribution of international air passengers in the world in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is analyzed.
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Neupane, Maniraj. "Cardio-respiratory health of women exposed to household air pollution in rural Nepal." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-180975.

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Bobba, Srinivas. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Urban Air Quality: A Machine Learning Approach." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37493.

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‘‘SARS-CoV-2’’ which is responsible for the current pandemic of COVID-19 disease was first reported from Wuhan, China, on 31 December 2019. Since then, to prevent its propagation around the world, a set of rapid and strict countermeasures have been taken. While most of the researchers around the world initiated their studies on the Covid-19 lockdown effect on air quality and concluded pollution reduction, the most reliable methods that can be used to find out the reduction of the pollutants in the air are still in debate. In this study, we performed an analysis on how Covid-19 lockdown procedures impacted the air quality in selected cities i.e. New Delhi, Diepkloof, Wuhan, and London around the world. The results show that the air quality index (AQI) improved by 43% in New Delhi,18% in Wuhan,15% in Diepkloof, and 12% in London during the initial lockdown from the 19th of March 2020 to 31st May 2020 compared to that of four-year pre-lockdown. Furthermore, the concentrations of four main pollutants, i.e., NO2, CO, SO2, and PM2.5 were analyzed before and during the lockdown in India. The quantification of pollution drop is supported by statistical measurements like the AVOVA Test and the Permutation Test. Overall, 58%, 61%,18% and 55% decrease is observed in NO2, CO,SO2, and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. To check if the change in weather has played any role in pollution level reduction or not we analyzed how weather factors are correlated with pollutants using a correlation matrix. Finally, machine learning regression models are constructed to assess the lockdown impact on air quality in India by incorporating weather data. Gradient Boosting is performed well in the Prediction of drop-in PM2.5 concentration on individual cities in India. By comparing the feature importance ranking by regression models supported by correlation factors with PM2.5.This study concludes that COVID-19 lockdown has a significant effect on the natural environment and air quality improvement.
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Hampel, Regina. "Environmental effects and gene-environment interactions: air pollution and temperature effects on cardiovascular risk factors." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-138583.

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Liu, Chuang. "Exposure to ambient air pollution and noise in relation to adverse health effect in children." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173416.

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Adverse health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise have been reported previously. However, many published studies were in adults or aged population, little attention has been paid to children and in particular to noise and the potential combined effect with air pollution. In addition, we considered health parameters, which are underinvestigated so far. In our study, we explored associations between ambient air pollution and noise with blood pressure (BP), and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in school-aged children, using data from two German birth cohorts. Noise levels within a 50m buffer around each participant’s home address were assessed using geographic information system. Exposure estimates of annual average concentrations of air pollution for each participant’s residence were calculated using a land use regression model. Short-term concentrations of air pollution were collected from background monitoring sites. Information on BP and eNO was collected during a physical examination at the 10-year follow-up of the cohorts. We studied the health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise in children from three different aspects. The association between traffic noise and BP was explored in 605 children, and the results showed that higher minimum levels of weighted day-evening-night noise and nighttime noise around the home residence may increase a child’s BP. Based on this finding, we conducted a second analysis to figure out the combined associations between air pollution and noise with BP, and found that ambient air pollution was not consistently associated with BP with adjustment for noise. Furthermore, the effects of ambient air pollution on eNO were explored within 1985 children, and we observed a significant positive association between short-term, but not long-term, air pollution with childhood eNO. In conclusion, our study provided more epidemiological evidence on the adverse health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise in school-aged children, and highlighted the confounding association between ambient air pollution and noise. More studies are needed to better assess the combined health effects of ambient air pollution and noise in children.
Frühere Studien haben über die gesundheitsschädigende Wirkung von Luftschadstoffen und Lärm berichtet. Allerdings betrachteten viele bislang publizierte Studien Erwachsene oder die ältere Bevölkerung. Kinder und im Speziellen die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Lärm, sowie die gemeinsame Wirkung von Luftschadstoffen und Lärm wurden hingegen bislang nur wenig untersucht. Das ist ein Ziel der vorliegenden Promotionsschrift. Zusätzlich haben wir Gesundheitsgrößen betrachtet, die bisher wenig erforscht wurden. In unserer Studie haben wir die Assoziationen zwischen Luftschadstoffen und Lärmbelastung und Blutdruck und exhaliertem Stickstoffmonoxid (eNO) bei Kindern im Schulalter untersucht. Wir konnten dabei auf Daten von zwei großen deutschen Geburtskohorten zurückgreifen. Die Lärmbelastung innerhalb eines Umkreises von 50m um die Wohnadresse jedes Studienteilnehmers wurde anhand von Lärmpegelkarten im Geographischen Informationssystem modelliert. Schätzungen der mittleren jährlichen Konzentration von Luftschadstoffen an der jeweiligen Wohnadresse wurden anhand von „land use regression“ Modellen berechnet. Kurzzeit-Konzentrationen von Luftschadstoffen wurden mit Hilfe von Hintergrund Monitoring Stationen gesammelt. Informationen zu Blutdruck und eNO wurden während einer körperlichen Untersuchung beim Follow-up der Kohorten im Alter von 10 Jahren gemessen. Wir haben die Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffexposition und Lärmbelastung auf die Gesundheit von Kindern unter drei verschiedenen Aspekten betrachtet. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Verkehrslärm und Blutdruck wurde bei 605 Kindern untersucht und die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ein höherer Mindestpegel des gewichteten Tag-Abend-Nacht Lärmes und des Lärmes während der Nachtzeit um die Wohnung den Blutdruck der Kinder erhöhen könnte. Auf Grund dieser Erkenntnis haben wir eine zweite Auswertung durchgeführt um den gemeinsamen Zusammenhang zwischen Luftschadstoffbelastung und Lärm mit Blutdruck zu untersuchen und haben festgestellt, dass die Luftschadstoffexposition nach einer Adjustierung für Lärm nicht konsistent mit Blutdruck assoziiert war. Darüber hinaus wurden die Auswirkungen der Luftverschmutzung auf das eNO bei 1985 Kindern untersucht. Dabei wurde ein signifikanter, positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Kurzzeit-, jedoch nicht zwischen Langzeitexposition mit Luftschadstoffen und eNO beobachtet. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass unsere Studie weitere epidemiologische Erkenntnisse über die negativen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Luftverschmutzung und Lärm bei Schulkindern geliefert hat. Insbesondere wird damit betont, dass Luftschadstoffe und Lärm wechselseitige Störgrößen in Assoziationen darstellen können. Allerdings sind weitere Studien notwendig, um gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffen auf die Knochenumsatzrate bei Kindern abschließend beurteilen zu können.
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Шевченко, Юлія Вікторівна, Yuliya Viktorivna Shevchenko, and Катерина П’ятницька. "Проблеми і перспективи розвитку авіаційних перевезень та технологій під час пандемії COVID-19." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48898.

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Пандемія COVID-19 це інфекційне захворювання, спричинене останнім із відкритих вірусів родини коронавірусів. Спалах інфекції припав на грудень 2019 року у м.Ухань, Хубей, КНР, та визнаний ВООЗ пандемією 11 березня 2020 р.На відміну від пасажирських перевезень, вантажні авіалінії, під час пандемії, працюють з великою ефективністю. Під час карантину у всьому світі авіаперевезення вантажів є найбільш затребуваними. Зокрема, деякі українські (і не тільки) авіакомпанії переробили пару своїх літаків для перевезення вантажів. Наприклад, авіакомпанія “SkyUp Airlines”, перші вантажні рейси, здійснила в березні та квітні - вони перевозили переважно медичні витратні матеріали. Також “Міжнародні авіалінії України” вирішили здійснювати вантажні рейси з розміщенням вантажів в кабінах літаків та в багажному відділенні. Максимальна ефективність використання внутрішнього простору повітряного судна залежить від правильного пакування вантажу в контейнери певного розміру, їх розміщення та закріплення. Наприклад, за умови безкоштовної компоновки в Boeing-737 можна перевезти загалом близько 70 кубічних метрів та близько 160 кубічних метрів вантажів у Boeing-767.
The COVID-19 pandemic is an infectious disease caused by the latest virus in the coronavirus family. The outbreak occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and was recognized by the WHO as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In contrast to passenger traffic, cargo airlines, during pandemics, work with great efficiency. During quarantine, air freight is the most popular worldwide. In particular, some Ukrainian (and not only) airlines have redesigned a couple of their aircraft to carry cargo. For example, SkyUp Airlines, the first cargo flights, carried out in March and April - they transported mainly medical supplies. Also, Ukraine International Airlines decided to operate cargo flights with cargo in the cockpits and luggage compartment. Maximum efficiency of internal use the space of the aircraft depends on the proper packaging of cargo in containers of a certain size, their placement and securing. For example, with a free layout in the Boeing-737, you can transport a total of about 70 cubic meters and about 160 cubic meters of cargo in the Boeing-767.
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Books on the topic "Covid 19 and air pollution"

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S, Sandroni, ed. Regional and long-range transport of air pollution: Lectures of a course held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra (Italy), 15-19 September 1986. Amsterdam: Published for the Commission of the European Communities by Elsevier, 1987.

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Amilcar, Soares, Gómez-Hernandez Jaime, and Froidevaux Roland, eds. GeoENV I: Geostatistics for environmental applications : proceedings of the Geostatistics for Environmental Applications Workshop, Lisbon, Portugal, 18-19 November 1996. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1997.

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Arkansas. Dept. of Pollution Control and Ecology. Regulation #19: Compilation of regulations of the Arkansas State Implementation Plan for Air Pollution Control. Little Rock, Ark. (P.O. Box 8913, Little Rock 72219-8913): State of Arkansas, Dept. of Pollution Control and Ecology, 1992.

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Air Pollution Seminar (6th 1990 Louisville, Ky.). Solving corrosion problems in air pollution control equipment: Proceedings of the 1990 Air Pollution Seminar, October 17-19, 1990, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Houston, Tex: NACE, 1990.

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Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Health during Societal Transition in Central and Eastern Europe (2nd 1991 Frydek-Mistek, Czechoslovakia). Air pollution in Central and Eastern Europe: Health and public policy : edited proceedings of the Second Annual aymposium on Environmental and Occupational Health during Societal transition in Central and Eastern Europe, Frydek-Mistek, Northern Moravia Czechoslovakia (CSFR), June 14-19, 1991. Boston, Mass: Management Sciences for Health, 1991.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Approvals Branch. General information, certificates of approval (air): Section 9 Environmental Protection Act R.S.O., 1990, chapter E-19. [Toronto]: Ministry of the Environment, Approvals Branch, 1992.

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Mexico. Pollution, air quality research: Memorandum of understanding between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Washington July 19, 1990. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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VI Simposio de Contaminación Atmosférica: 17, 18 y 19 de abril de 2007 en el recinto oficial de El Colegio Nacional. México, D.F: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2007.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Approvals Branch. Guide for applying for certificates of approval, air (sources of contaminants): Section 9 Environmental Protection Act R.S.O. 1990, chapter E-19. Toronto: Ministry of the Environment, Approvals Branch, 1992.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Approvals Branch. Guide for applying for certificates of approval, air (sources of contaminants): Section 9 Environmental Protection Act R.S.O. 1990, chapter E-19. Toronto: Ministry of the Environment, Approvals Branch, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Covid 19 and air pollution"

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Becchetti, Leonardo, Tom Palmer, and Francesco Salustri. "Air Pollution and Covid-19." In Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_363-1.

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Sharma, Shubham, and Sri Harsha Kota. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Pollution." In Integrated Risk of Pandemic: Covid-19 Impacts, Resilience and Recommendations, 217–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7679-9_10.

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Bouhachlaf, L., J. Mabrouki, and S. El Hajjaji. "The Influence of COVID-19 on Air Pollution and Human Health." In Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Medical Data Analytics and Healthcare Applications, 235–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003226147-13.

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Underwood, Fox E. "The Spread of COVID-19 Throughout Canada and the Possible Effects on Air Pollution." In Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreaks, Environment and Human Behaviour, 423–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68120-3_24.

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Matthias, Volker, Jan Arndt, Ronny Badeke, Lea Fink, Josefine Feldner, Markus Quante, Ronny Petrik, Daniel Schwarzkopf, and Ralf Wedemann. "Air Quality Improvements During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Central Europe: Separation of Emission Reduction and Meteorological Impacts." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII, 125–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_17.

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Ramacher, Martin Otto Paul, Volker Matthias, Ronny Badeke, Ronny Petrik, Markus Quante, Jan Arndt, Lea Fink, et al. "Urban Population Exposure to Air Pollution Under COVID-19 Lockdown Conditions—Combined Effects of Emissions and Population Activity." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII, 319–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_43.

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Alharbi, Najla Hamandi, Zainab S. Alharthi, Nuha A. Alanezi, and Liyakathunisa Syed. "Spatial Analysis of COVID 19 in KSA Related to Air Pollution Factor." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 443–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06374-9_29.

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Dewan, Rishi, Shannon Mark Dsouza, Rakesh Sati, and P. A. Arun. "A Review on Effect of Covid-19 on Air Pollution in India." In Advances in Behavioral Based Safety, 349–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8270-4_25.

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Gao, Zhibo, Caiping Xi, and Yunfan Yang. "Nonlinear dynamic analysis of air pollution in Zhenjiang City during COVID-19 lockdown." In Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering Volume 2, 210–16. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003363545-28.

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Wu, Xiaojuan, and Caiping Xi. "Multifractal analysis of air pollution in Zhenjiang City during COVID-19 lockdown based on MFXPF." In Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering Volume 2, 96–102. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003363545-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Covid 19 and air pollution"

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SILVA, ANA CATARINA T., PEDRO T. B. S. BRANCO, and SOFIA I. V. SOUSA. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AIR QUALITY IN A TOURISTIC REGION." In AIR POLLUTION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air210131.

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SÁ, JULIANA P., PEDRO T. B. S. BRANCO, MARIA C. M. ALVIM-FERRAZ, FERNANDO G. MARTINS, and SOFIA I. V. SOUSA. "INDOOR VOC CONCENTRATIONS AT NURSERY AND PRIMARY SCHOOLS: IMPACT OF COVID-19 PREVENTIVE MEASURES." In AIR POLLUTION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air210071.

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CAZORLA, MARIA. "AIR QUALITY OBSERVATIONS IN THE EAST OF QUITO, ECUADOR IN 2018–2020: COMPARISONS BETWEEN PRE- AND POST-COVID-19 CONDITIONS." In AIR POLLUTION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air210161.

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Messaoud, Thouraya Aouled, and Abir Smiti. "The COVID-19 Pandemic: What About Air Pollution?" In 2020 4th International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic_aset49463.2020.9318299.

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SOLÍS CANUL, JOSÉ A., ROSA M. CERÓN BRETÓN, JULIA G. CERÓN BRETÓN, SIMÓN CARRANCO LOZADA, EVANGELINA RAMÍREZ LARA, MARIA DE LA LUZ ESPINOSA FUENTES, ROCÍO GARCÍA MARTÍNEZ, et al. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON N AND S ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION FLUXES IN A MEGACITY IN THE NORTH EAST OF MEXICO." In AIR POLLUTION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air210171.

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Zoran, Maria, Roxana Savastru, Dan Savastru, Marina Tautan, and Daniel Tenciu. "ASSOCIATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION WITH COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN BUCHAREST CITY." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development institute for Industrial Ecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2022.ab26.

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De Waele, E., S. Vos, D. Martens, E. Bijnens, G. Mistiaen, G. Dewyspelaere, T. Nawrot, and P. Goeminne. "IMPACT SHORT-LONG TERM EXPOSURE OF AIR POLLUTION ON COVID-19 OUTCOME." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.1338.

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Silva, Pedro, Marcia Goncalves, Mariana Avila, and Emanuel Castanho. "Air Quality Improvement During COVID-19 Pandemic: Study of Land and Maritime Pollution." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553829.

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Recalde, Carolina, and Genaro Coronel. "Covid-19 and Air Pollution Impacts at the Beginning of “Confinement” in Paraguay." In 2021 Congreso Colombiano y Conferencia Internacional de Calidad de Aire y Salud Pública (CASAP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/casap54985.2021.9703329.

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El Traboulsi, Yahya, Inas Khalifa, Muamer Abuzwidah, Abdallah Shanableh, Rami Al-Ruzouq, and Khaled Hamad. "Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Traffic-related Air Pollution in Florida, USA." In 2022 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset53988.2022.9734901.

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Reports on the topic "Covid 19 and air pollution"

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Cicala, Steve, Stephen Holland, Erin Mansur, Nicholas Muller, and Andrew Yates. Expected Health Effects of Reduced Air Pollution from COVID-19 Social Distancing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27135.

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Chang, Hung-Hao, Chad Meyerhoefer, and Feng-An Yang. COVID-19 Prevention and Air Pollution in the Absence of a Lockdown. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27604.

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Blackman, Allen, Jorge Bonilla, and Laura Villalobos. Quantifying COVID-19’s Silver Lining: Avoided Deaths from Air Quality Improvements in Bogotá. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003787.

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In cities around the world, Covid-19 lockdowns have improved outdoor air quality, in some cases dramatically. Even if only temporary, these improvements could have longer-lasting effects on policy by making chronic air pollution more salient and boosting political pressure for change. To that end, it is important to develop objective estimates of both the air quality improvements associated with Covid-19 lockdowns and the benefits these improvements generate. We use panel data econometric models to estimate the effect of Bogotás lockdown on fine particulate pollution, epidemiological models to simulate the effect of reductions in that pollution on long-term and short-term mortality, and benefit transfer methods to estimate the monetary value of the avoided mortality. We find that in its first year of implementation, on average, Bogotás lockdown cut fine particulate pollution by more than one-fifth. However, the magnitude of that effect varied considerably over the course of the year and across the citys neighborhoods. Equivalent permanent reductions in fine particulate pollution would reduce long-term premature deaths by more than one-quarter each year, a benefit valued at $670 million per year. Finally, we estimate that in 2020-2021, the lockdown reduced short-term deaths by 31 percent, a benefit valued at $180 million.
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Almond, Douglas, Xinming Du, and Shuang Zhang. Ambiguous Pollution Response to COVID-19 in China. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27086.

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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2036.

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COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2036.

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COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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Lucas, Brian. Impact of COVID-19 on Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trafficking Trends in Southern Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.017.

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This rapid review focuses on the impact COVID-19 pandemic om poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking. It provides an overview of the recent research and summarises the key themes. This review found that poaching for the purpose of international trafficking of illegal wildlife products, generally decreased. These declines are largely attributed to the disruption of transportation routes used by wildlife traffickers to move illicit goods within Southern Africa and overseas by air, and in some locations to the effects of local lockdown measures. Poaching for subsistence consumption (bushmeat) generally increased across Southern Africa and worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, incentivised largely by economic hardship and opportunities presented by a reduction in the capacity for anti-poaching enforcement and reduced numbers of tourists, whose presence tends to deter poachers. In the long term, poaching and trafficking are likely to return to pre-pandemic levels. Commercial poachers and traffickers are likely to adjust their transportation routes and adapt their business models to take advantage of opportunities. More positively, some authors have suggested the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic could influence public attitudes against wildlife trafficking and in support of conservation. Trends in poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking during the COVID-19 pandemic vary significantly across and within countries. The impacts resulting from the measures put in place to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have varied significantly depending on local contexts. Up-to-date data on recent trends during the pandemic are scarce. Good quality data are available on poaching and trafficking of high-value commodities such as elephant ivory and rhino horn, while data on poaching for subsistence are less rigorous and often anecdotal. Much of the evidence available for both types of poaching is not systematic and comes from news media reports, and suffers from inherent difficulties of collecting data on illegal activities. Data collection during the pandemic has also been hampered by the challenges of working safely during the pandemic, funding for monitoring and research has been reduced in most areas, and some reporting processes have not yet analysed data collected during 2021.
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Chauvin, Juan Pablo. Cities and Public Health in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003692.

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This paper presents an overview of how health outcomes vary across cities in Latin America and discusses some of the known drivers of this variation. There are large disparities in outcomes across cities and across neighborhoods of the same city. Because health is closely related to the socioeconomic conditions of individuals, part of the spatial variation reflects residential segregation by income. Local characteristics also have a direct effect on health outcomes, shaping individuals' access to health services and the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles. In addition, urban environments affect health through natural atmospheric conditions, through local infrastructure in particular water, sanitation, and urban transit and through the presence of urban externalities such as traffic congestion, pollution, crime, and the spread of transmissible diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates many of these patterns, since the impact of the disease has differed sharply across cities, and much of this variation can be explained by observable local characteristics particularly population, connectivity with other cities and countries, income levels, and residential overcrowding.
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Libertun de Duren, Nora Ruth, Benigno López Benítez, Juan Pablo Bonilla, Ferdinando Regalia, Usama Bilal, Ana María Ibáñez, Norbert Schady, et al. Inclusive Cities: Healthy Cities for All. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004459.

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This publication reports on some of the health challenges facing cities. It aims to serve as a guide for public managers and decision makers optimize the great potential of cities to improve the well-being of those who reside in the cities of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is organized in two parts. The first part, Health Inequalities in Latin American Cities, focuses on identifying the ways in which social inequality has led to negative health outcomes, in order to make visible the relevance of the challenge of inequality and the urgency to grapple with it. The second part, Urban Policies for Healthy Cities, focuses on how cities can contribute to improving the health standards in their population. The publication addresses critical issues for urban health, such as the interdependence between physical-social factors and health, the relationship between urban characteristics and the incidence of COVID-19, the connections between social inequality and exposure to pollution environment, the relationship between urban planning and gender violence, the power of urban interventions -such as public transport and social housing- to improve health indicators, and the relevance of having good data to improve the accessibility of health systems. All the contributions in this book are based on data and rigorous research, and present real cases of the cities of the region.
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Impact of COVID-­‑ on CAREC Aviation and Tourism. Asian Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210019-2.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on global aviation as nearly all air travel came to a halt in late March and April 2020. In Central Asia, virtually all domestic and international air travel were suspended in an attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. This crisis provides an opportunity to reset the aviation industry in Central Asia Regional Cooperation (CAREC) countries through reforms, new strategies, and restructurings. This study of the pandemic’s impact on CAREC and the aviation industry looks at the gravity of the situation, explores opportunities, and offers some recommendations for dealing with the crisis and facilitating a fast recovery.
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