Academic literature on the topic 'Cover sequence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cover sequence"
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Baik, Hyungryul, Farbod Shokrieh, and Chenxi Wu. "Limits of canonical forms on towers of Riemann surfaces." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2020, no. 764 (July 1, 2020): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2019-0007.
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AbstractWe prove a generalized version of Kazhdan’s theorem for canonical forms on Riemann surfaces. In the classical version, one starts with an ascending sequence {\{S_{n}\rightarrow S\}} of finite Galois covers of a hyperbolic Riemann surface S, converging to the universal cover. The theorem states that the sequence of forms on S inherited from the canonical forms on {S_{n}}’s converges uniformly to (a multiple of) the hyperbolic form. We prove a generalized version of this theorem, where the universal cover is replaced with any infinite Galois cover. Along the way, we also prove a Gauss–Bonnet-type theorem in the context of arbitrary infinite Galois covers.
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Drofelnik, N., J. Lamut, M. Marolt, and M. Knap. "Interaction Between Steel Melt and Refractory Materials in Tundish." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0043.
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Abstract In Štore Steel steelworks steel is casted on a three strand continuous casting machine. Lining of tundish is mainly made from a magnesia based material. Tundish cover powder is based on alumina and silica. It also contains aluminum and carbon. During casting, the composition of cover slag is constantly changing. When steel in casted in sequences the change in cover slag composition depends on the amount of CaO rich ladle slag. The composition of tundish cover slag at the end of the casting sequence lies in the area of gehlenite (2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2) in ternary phase diagram CaO·Al2O3·SiO2. The result of the reaction between melted steel, refractory material and tundish cover slag are enstatite (MgO·SiO2) and monticellite (CaO·MgO·SiO2). Merwinite (3CaO·MgO·SiO2) is formed in the end of the casting sequence because of high basicity of the gehlenite based tundish cover slag. Clogging on the inner side of submerged entry nozzles (SEN) are made of calcium aluminates (CaO·2Al2O3) and spinel (MgO, MnO)·Al2O3. Only when steel is casted in sequence composition changes in tundish cover slag and clogging occurs.
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Suknikhom, Kampol, Pattaramon Jongpradist, Surachate Chutima, and Thoatsanope Kamnerdtong. "Effects of Screw Fastening Sequence to Top Cover Loosening in Hard Disk Drive Assembly." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 3534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.3534.
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In hard disk drive assembly process, a number of small screws around the perimeter of the top cover are used to attach the top cover to the base. When one of the screws is fastened, screw loosening at the other screw heads can frequently be observed. . This research employs a three-dimensional finite element analysis to compare the effects of three different screw tightening sequences to top cover loosening in a 3.5-inch hard disk drive assembly. The top cover deformation and the contact forces at the screw heads of the three sequences are presented and discussed. Among the three sequences, the across pattern has shown to be the most appropriate sequence in which a minimum screw loosening occurs.
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Scheepers, Marion. "Rothberger's property and partition relations." Journal of Symbolic Logic 62, no. 3 (September 1997): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275582.
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Let X be an infinite but separable metric space. An open cover of X is said to be large if for each x ϵ X the set {U ϵ : x ϵ U} is infinite. The symbol Λ denotes the collection of large open covers of X. An open cover of X is said to be an ω-cover if for each finite subset F of X there is a U ϵ such that F ⊆ U, and X is not a member of , X is said to have Rothberger's property if there is for every sequence (n : n = 1,2,3,…) of open covers of X a sequence (Un : n = 1,2,3,…) such that:(1) for each n, Un is a member of n, and(2) {Un: n = 1,2,3,…} is a cover of X.Rothberger introduced this property in his paper [2]. For convenience we let denote the collection of all open covers of X.In [3] it was shown that X has Rothberger's property if, and only if, the following partition relation is true for large open covers of X:This partition relation means:for every large cover of X, for every coloringsuch that for each U ϵ and each large cover there is an i with a large cover of X,either there is a large cover such that f({A, B}) = 0 whenever {A,B} ϵ ,or else there is a which is not point–finite such that f{{A, B}) = 1 whenever {A, B} ϵ .
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Kelley, William Terry, and David L. Coffey. "SEQUENTIAL VEGETABLE CROPPING UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGE SYSTEMS." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 710G—710. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.710g.
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Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated for increasing returns on small farms under reduced tillage. The sequences were spring 'Packman' broccoli followed by 'Sunny' tomatoes, spring broccoli/tomatoes/fall broccoli, and tomatoes/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled with no winter cover, conventionally tilled with a wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, TN (elev. 251m, Greeneville, TN (elev. 400m) and Crossville, TN (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip plot design with sequences stripped across tillage treatments. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Percentage of cull fruit was greater in Knoxville (1990) for conventional/no cover. A tomato-broccoli sequence produced more cull fruit at Knoxville (1990) and Greeneville (1989). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield and value was generally greater at most environments in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production.
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STEVENS, WAYNE H. "RECURSION FORMULAS FOR SOME ABELIAN KNOT INVARIANTS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 09, no. 03 (May 2000): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216500000190.
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Let K be a tame knot in S3. We show that the sequence of cyclic resultants of the Alexander polynomial of K satisfies a linear recursion formula with integral coefficients. This means that the orders of the first homology groups of the branched cyclic covers of K can be computed recursively. We further establish the existence of a recursion formula that generates sequences which contain the square roots of the orders for the odd-fold covers that contain the square roots of the orders for the even-fold covers quotiented by the order for the two-fold cover. (That these square roots are all integers follows from a theorem of Plans.)
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WONG, W. ERIC, and YU LEI. "REACHABILITY GRAPH-BASED TEST SEQUENCE GENERATION FOR CONCURRENT PROGRAMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 18, no. 06 (September 2008): 803–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194008003878.
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One common approach to test sequence generation for structurally testing concurrent programs involves constructing a reachability graph (RG) and selecting a set of paths from the graph to satisfy some coverage criterion. It is often suggested that test sequence generation methods for testing sequential programs based on a control flow graph (CFG) can also be used to select paths from an RG for testing concurrent programs. However, there is a major difference between these two, as the former suffers from a feasibility problem (i.e., some paths in a CFG may not be feasible at run-time) and the latter does not. As a result, even though test sequence generation methods for sequential programs can be applied to concurrent programs, they may not be efficient. We propose four methods — two based on hot spot prioritization and two based on topological sort — to effectively generate a small set of test sequences that covers all the nodes in an RG. The same methods are also applied to the corresponding dual graph for generating test sequences to cover all the edges. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the use of our methods.
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Durán-Meza, G., J. López-García, and J. L. del Río-Correa. "The self-similarity properties and multifractal analysis of DNA sequences." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2019.1.00023.
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AbstractIn this work is presented a pedagogical point of view of multifractal analysis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences is presented. The DNA sequences are formed by 4 nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and tymine). Following Jeffrey’s paper we associated a simple contractive function to each nucleotide, and constructed the Hutchinson’s operator W, which was used to build covers of different sizes of the unitary square Q, thus Wk(Q) is a cover of Q, conformed by 4k squares Qk of size 2−k, as each Qk corresponds to a unique subsequence of nucleotides with length k : b1b2...bk. Besides, it is obtained the optimal cover Ck to the fractal F generated for each DNA sequence was obtained. We made a multifractal decomposition of Ck in terms of the sets Jα conformed by the Qk’s with the same value of the Holder exponent α, and determined f (α), the Hausdorff dimension of Jα, using the curdling theorem.
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Alsatami, Khalid A., Hong-Jian Lai, and Xindong Zhang. "Dicycle Cover of Hamiltonian Oriented Graphs." Journal of Discrete Mathematics 2016 (February 3, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7942192.
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A dicycle cover of a digraph D is a family F of dicycles of D such that each arc of D lies in at least one dicycle in F. We investigate the problem of determining the upper bounds for the minimum number of dicycles which cover all arcs in a strong digraph. Best possible upper bounds of dicycle covers are obtained in a number of classes of digraphs including strong tournaments, Hamiltonian oriented graphs, Hamiltonian oriented complete bipartite graphs, and families of possibly non-Hamiltonian digraphs obtained from these digraphs via a sequence of 2-sum operations.
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Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A., and Christopher E. Mason. "Pervasive sequence patents cover the entire human genome." Genome Medicine 5, no. 3 (2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gm431.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cover sequence"
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Robertson, Jeffrey Alan. "Entropy Measurements and Ball Cover Construction for Biological Sequences." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84470.
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As improving technology is making it easier to select or engineer DNA sequences that produce dangerous proteins, it is important to be able to predict whether a novel DNA sequence is potentially dangerous by determining its taxonomic identity and functional characteristics. These tasks can be facilitated by the ever increasing amounts of available biological data. Unfortunately, though, these growing databases can be difficult to take full advantage of due to the corresponding increase in computational and storage costs. Entropy scaling algorithms and data structures present an approach that can expedite this type of analysis by scaling with the amount of entropy contained in the database instead of scaling with the size of the database. Because sets of DNA and protein sequences are biologically meaningful instead of being random, they demonstrate some amount of structure instead of being purely random. As biological databases grow, taking advantage of this structure can be extremely beneficial. The entropy scaling sequence similarity search algorithm introduced here demonstrates this by accelerating the biological sequence search tools BLAST and DIAMOND. Tests of the implementation of this algorithm shows that while this approach can lead to improved query times, constructing the required entropy scaling indices is difficult and expensive. To improve performance and remove this bottleneck, I investigate several ideas for accelerating building indices that support entropy scaling searches. The results of these tests identify key tradeoffs and demonstrate that there is potential in using these techniques for sequence similarity searches.Master of Science
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Naik, Ashwini. "Mining Gene Regulatory Motifs Using the Concept of Sequence Coverage." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1408699463.
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Wang, Ping. "Geology and Tectonic Significance of the Late Precambrian Eastern Blue Ridge Cover Sequence in Central Virginia." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-142355/.
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Thompson, Wendi R. "The origin and tectonic significance of the mafic-ultramafic association in the central Virginia Blue Ridge post-Grenville cover sequence." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063748/.
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Washburn, Malissa. "Architecture of the Silurian sedimentary cover sequence in the Cadia porphyry Au-Cu district, NSW, Australia : implications for post-mineral deformation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1064.
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Alkalic porphyry style Au-Cu deposits of the Cadia district are associated with
Late-Ordovician monzonite intrusions, which were emplaced during the final phase of
Macquarie Arc magmatism at the end of the Benambran Orogeny. N-striking faults,
including the curviplanar, northerly striking, moderately west-dipping basement thrust faults of the Cadiangullong system, developed early in the district history. NE-striking faults formed during rifting in the late Silurian. Subsequent E-W directed Siluro- Devonian extension followed by regional E-W shortening during the Devonian
Tabberabberan Orogeny dismembered these intrusions, thereby superposing different
levels porphyry Au-Cu systems as well as the host stratigraphy.
During the late Silurian, the partially exhumed porphyry systems were buried
beneath the Waugoola Group sedimentary cover sequence, which is generally preserved
in the footwall of the Cadiangullong thrust fault system. The Waugoola Group is a
typical rift-sag sequence, deposited initially in local fault-bounded basins which then transitioned to a gradually shallowing marine environment as local topography was
overwhelmed. Basin geometry was controlled by pre-existing basement structures, which
were subsequently inverted during the Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny, offsetting the unconformity by up to 300m vertically. In the Waugoola Group cover, this shortening
was accommodated via a complex network of minor detachments that strike parallel to
major underlying basement faults. For this reason, faults and folds measured at the
surface in the sedimentary cover can be used as a predictive tool to infer basement
structures at depth.
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Julius, Alexandria Marie. "Characterizing Disaster Resilience Using Very High Resolution Time-Sequence Stereo Imagery." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524211742718203.
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Xiao, Ying. "Mining crop sequence patterns at a large regional scale : A case from mainland France." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0122/document.
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L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’instruire l’organisation des successions culturales, à l’échelle de la France et sur un recul décennal, tant en terme de cinétiques localisées qu’en terme de dynamiques liées à des variables explicatives du milieu physique et socio-technico-économiques. Ce travail de « fouille de données » est appliqué en France métropolitaine, en utilisant les bases de données publiques disponibles. Notre étude couvre la période 1992-2003 où s’implémenta la réforme de 1992 de la Politique Agricole Commune européenne et l’agenda 2000 en France. A partir d’une fouille de données sur l’ensemble des points Terruti sur cette période, 2549 successions culturales de trois ans furent identifiées. Ensuite, 21 clusters de l’ensemble des 430 régions agricoles (RA) françaises, quatre systèmes de culture, 90 RA, parangons des 430 RA, et trois régions principales appartenant à cinq des 21 clusters, regroupant les cultures de céréales, oléagineux et protéagineux, ont été définis. Deux approches de cinétiques des successions ont été réalisées : Une étude envisageant les successions de culture qui suivent les retournements de prairies permanentes. Une recherche des dynamiques d’évolution de successions culturales en lien avec des conditions externes. Nous proposons une utilisation ultérieure des méthodes mobilisées qui ont montré leur capacité à cartographier les grandes tendances d’évolution en France et à identifier les principales variables explicatives de ces évolutions. Les apports de cette thèse contribuent à améliorer notre compréhension des processus qui organisent les successions culturales en France et construisent par ces pratiques agricoles très dynamiques des impacts forts sur le territoire agricole françaisIn the context of changing agricultural policy, the development of agricultural production systems, increasing concern for agricultural sustainability and shifts in agricultural land management practice-related land-use change, the main objective of this thesis was to mine crop sequence patterns (CSP) and the relationships between CSP and the biophysical and socio-technical-economic conditions in mainland France from historical census data (e.g. land-cover survey, agricultural censuses, population census). Our study period 1992-2003 covers the implementation period of the 1992 European Union Common Agricultural Policy reform and Agenda 2000 in France. Both the classical statistical and data mining technique were applied in alone or combined ways in this thesis. First, we proposed an innovative approach to representing CSP within a given area and period at a large regional scale in a stationary way. The 2549 3-year crop sequences (CSs) were first identified as major CSs within all 430 agricultural districts (ADs) in mainland France during this period. Next, 21 clusters of ADs , four types of cropping systems, 90 representative ADs and three principal planting zones of cereals, oilseeds, and protein crops belonging to five clusters identified previously were further defined. We then explored CSP in a dynamic way by investigating CSP after grassland-to-cropland conversion, the temporal variability of CSP, and the evolution of the relationships between CSP and the external conditions over the study period. We conclude that the approaches developed here permit the representation of CSP at the large regional scale in both stationary and dynamic ways using time series land-cover data denoting specific agricultural cover types. The findings of this thesis contribute to improving the understanding of the process and pattern of human land management practices by agriculture affecting the terrestrial biosphere
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Kelly, Scott David. "Subsidence of cover sequences at Kawerau Geothermal Field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10442.
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Subsidence occurring at geothermal fields requires monitoring, analysis, and understanding of the mechanisms in order to ensure that it does not affect field operations. This study utilised a broad range of techniques including spatial analysis, three-dimensional modelling, and the comparison of samples of the cover sequences to investigate the subsidence at Kawerau Geothermal Field. Subsidence at Kawerau is of concern because the Tasman Pulp and Paper Mill is located within the geothermal field and utilises machinery with small alignment tolerances that are sensitive to ground deformation. A probabilistic hazard analysis of Kawerau was completed and maps created indicating the potential for subsidence in the future.
Spatial analysis of benchmark re-levelling surveys revealed two types of subsidence features: 1) field wide subsidence and 2) subsidence anomalies. Field wide subsidence, currently covering ~17 km2, is driven by thermal contraction of reservoir deep formations and/or compaction of the reservoir due to effective stress increases related to pressure drawdown. Four local subsidence anomalies each covering 150 – 400 m2 are likely driven by varying shallow processes. Two of these features, termed Bowls B and D, south of the Kawerau Geothermal Ltd. power station are the main focus of this thesis along with an assessment of the Tasman Mill site, its potential to develop an anomaly, and the mechanism of subsidence currently occurring across it.
Three-dimensional modelling of the cover sequences to 750 m below relative level was completed in Leapfrog Geo using well logs from Kawerau. Modelling revealed an anomalous thickness of Tahuna Formation below Bowls B and D, and relatively uniform thicknesses across the mill site of other shallow formations. The anomalous thickness of Tahuna Formation was hypothesised as being responsible for the presence of the subsidence bowls by being more compressible than the overlying Caxton Formation which is thicker across the mill site while the Tahuna Formation is thinner. Alternative hypotheses were explored by mapping the relative level of the Matahina ignimbrite, thickness of the Caxton Formation, and distribution of brecciation.
To test the main hypothesis, samples of Tahuna and Caxton formations were collected from the Kawerau Core Shed and tested for their physical properties and relative compressibility. XRD and thin section analysis was also completed on the samples. Tahuna Formation was found to have more than three times the porosity of the Caxton Formation and have smectite clays present. Using a method developed for testing the relative compressibility of weak rock the Tahuna Formation was found to generally be twice as compressible and elastic as the Caxton Formation when saturated. Samples of Recent alluvium from the mill site were also tested for their physical properties and found not to have the potential to contribute to subsidence across the mill site. However further investigation is required to confirm the mechanisms of Bowls B and D.
A hazard analysis of Kawerau Geothermal Field found that the field has a low annual probability of being impacted by volcanic and volcanogenic, earthquake, and flooding events. Probabilities are calculated based on the reoccurrence intervals for each event. A hazard map for subsidence at Kawerau is also developed and outlines four zones of risk. Infrastructure at risk based on trends of subsidence is also analysed for its susceptibility to subsidence and mitigation methods discussed.
The overall conclusion is that the geological conditions beneath the mill site are unlikely to form a local subsidence anomaly, and the mill site is largely unaffected by the field wide subsidence bowl. Ground tilt values are within mill machinery tolerances, and based on current trends the spatial extent of subsidence anomalies will remain approximately the same into the future.
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Kellett, Daniel. "Random Sequence Encoding with OFDM for Covert Communication and Signal Reuse for LPI/LPD Radar: Theory & Experiments." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501120348908255.
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Hughes, O. L. "The Mesozoic sediments around Andamooka, South Australia; stratigraphy, geochemistry and IOCG exploration potential." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/96174.
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This item is only available electronically.The Gawler Craton, South Australia hosts the Olympic Dam Iron Oxide Copper Gold deposit as well as a number of other IOCG, copper, gold, and iron ore deposits. In the Stuart Shelf region (eastern Gawler Craton), primary mineralisation is generally hosted within basement granites and volcanics of the Hiltaba Suite. Basement rock, potentially containing mineralisation, on the Stuart Shelf is often overlain and concealed by Adelaidean sequences as well as highly weathered, altered and complex Mesozoic cover sequences. These sedimentary basin sediments can conceal mineralisation and are a major frontier for mineral explorers to overcome. Identification of key physical, chemical and biological interfaces, such as basal gravels, redox zones and palaeosols, within the cover sequences and understanding the processes which have led to their formation can be a useful tool in exploration. Andamooka, South Australia, lies on the Stuart Shelf near the southern margin of the Eromanga Basin. Exposed Mesozoic sediments of the Eromanga basin at Andamooka are in close proximity to the Olympic Dam IOCG deposit and are therefore important in understanding dispersion patterns within the cover sequences of elements and minerals associated with IOCG type mineral systems. This understanding can be used for further exploration in the area, where mineralisation may be concealed by Mesozoic sediments. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Mesozoic sediments around Andamooka, identifying any key interfaces and to devise a geochemical footprint of the Mesozoic sediments in this area, which can be used to aid exploration. Gold, nickel, zinc, lead and copper are found to be elevated in multiple regions within the Mesozoic stratigraphy. Several geochemical conceptual models are presented, including; a detrital source of gold and base metals in the basal region of the Algebuckina Sandstone, and a relationship between base metal accumulation and a major redox zone in the Cadna-owie Formation. Other outcomes of this study include; a proposed structural framework of the region, where extensional block faulting has impacted the landscape structure and the relative positions of Mesozoic sequences, and a revision of previous geological mapping. As well as, a possible mechanism for the formation and distribution of opals within the Bulldog Shale, as a direct result of oxidation of pyrite and organic material causing the breakup of aluminosilicates.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2011
Books on the topic "Cover sequence"
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Artmann, Hans Carl. Under the cover of a hat ; Green-sealed Message: Montages and sequences ; 90 dreams [respectively]. London: Quartet Books, 1985.
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Gribskov, Michael, and John Devereux, eds. Sequence Analysis Primer. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195098747.001.0001.
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Computerized sequence analysis is an integral part of biotechnological research, yet many biologists have received no formal training in this important technology. Sequence Analysis Primer offers the beginner the necessary background to enter this vital field and helps more seasoned researchers to fine-tune their approach. It covers basic data manipulation such as homology searches, stem-loop identification, and protein secondary structure prediction, and is compatible with most sequence analysis programs. A detailed example giving steps for characterizing a new gene sequence provides users with hands-on experience when combined with their current software. The book will be invaluable to researchers and students in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, microbiology, and biotechnology.
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Under the Cover of a Hat: Montages and Sequences and Green-Sealed Message : 90 Dreams. Salem House Publishers, 1986.
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Keane, Adrian, and Paul McKeown. The Modern Law of Evidence. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198848486.001.0001.
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The Modern Law of Evidence is a comprehensive analysis of the law of criminal and civil evidence and the theory behind the law. It identifies all the key issues, emphasizes recent developments and insights from the academic literature, and makes suggestions for further reading. The work begins with a definition of evidence and the law of evidence and an outline of its development to date. It then describes and analyses the key concepts, such as the facts open to proof, the forms that evidence can take, relevance, admissibility, weight, and discretion. It then proceeds to cover in a logical sequence all aspects of the subject: the burden and standard of proof, proof of facts without evidence, witnesses, examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination, corroboration and care warnings, visual and voice identification, documentary and real evidence, evidence obtained by illegal or unfair means, hearsay, confessions, adverse inferences from an accused’s silence, evidence of good and bad character, opinion evidence, public policy, privilege and judgments as evidence of facts on which they were based.
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Keane, Adrian, and Paul McKeown. The Modern Law of Evidence. 14th ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192855930.001.0001.
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The Modern Law of Evidence is a comprehensive analysis of the law of criminal and civil evidence and the theory behind the law. It identifies all the key issues, emphasizes recent developments and insights from the academic literature, and makes suggestions for further reading. The work begins with a definition of evidence and the law of evidence and an outline of its development to date. It then describes and analyses the key concepts, such as the facts open to proof, the forms that evidence can take, relevance, admissibility, weight, and discretion. It then proceeds to cover in a logical sequence all aspects of the subject: the burden and standard of proof, proof of facts without evidence, documentary and real evidence, witnesses, examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination, corroboration and care warnings, visual and voice identification, evidence obtained by illegal or unfair means, hearsay, confessions, adverse inferences from an accused’s silence, evidence of good and bad character, opinion evidence, public policy, privilege, and the admissibility of previous verdicts.
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Keane, Adrian, and Paul McKeown. The Modern Law of Evidence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811855.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Modern Law of Evidence is a comprehensive analysis of the law of criminal and civil evidence and the theory behind the law. It identifies all the key issues, emphasizes recent developments and insights from the academic literature, and makes suggestions for further reading. The work begins with a definition of evidence and the law of evidence and an outline of its development to date. It then describes and analyses the key concepts, such as the facts open to proof, the forms that evidence can take, relevance, admissibility, weight and discretion, including the discretion to exclude evidence obtained by illegal or unfair means. It then proceeds to cover in a logical sequence all aspects of the subject: the burden and standard of proof, witnesses, examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination, corroboration and care warnings, documentary and real evidence, identification evidence, hearsay, confessions, adverse inferences from an accused’s silence, evidence of good and bad character, opinion evidence, public policy, privilege, judgments as evidence of facts on which they were based, and the proof of facts without evidence.
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Lennon, Rachel, and Neil Turner. The molecular basis of glomerular basement membrane disorders. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0320_update_001.
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The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a condensed network of extracellular matrix molecules which provides a scaffold and niche to support the function of the overlying glomerular cells. Within the glomerulus, the GBM separates the fenestrated endothelial cells, which line capillary walls from the epithelial cells or podocytes, which cover the outer aspect of the capillaries. In common with basement membranes throughout the body, the GBM contains core components including collagen IV, laminins, nidogens, and heparan sulphate proteoglycans. However, specific isoforms of these proteins are required to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.Across the spectrum of glomerular disease there is alteration in glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM) and a number of histological patterns are recognized. The GBM can be thickened, expanded, split, and irregular; the mesangial matrix may be expanded and glomerulosclerosis represents a widespread accumulation of ECM proteins associated with loss of glomerular function. Whilst histological patterns may follow a sequence or provide diagnostic clues, there remains limited understanding about the mechanisms of ECM regulation and how this tight control is lost in glomerular disease. Monogenic disorders of the GBM including Alport and Pierson syndromes have highlighted the importance of both collagen IV and laminin isoforms and these observations provide important insights into mechanisms of glomerular disease.
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Zook, Julie, and Kerstin Sailer, eds. The Covert Life of Hospital Architecture. UCL Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.9781800080881.
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The Covert Life of Hospital Architecture addresses hospital architecture as a set of interlocked, overlapping spatial and social conditions. It identifies ways that planned-for and latent functions of hospital spaces work jointly to produce desired outcomes such as greater patient safety, increased scope for care provider communication and more intelligible corridors. By advancing space syntax theory and methods, the volume brings together emerging research on hospital environments. Opening with a description of hospital architecture that emphasizes everyday relations, the sequence of chapters takes an unusually comprehensive view that pairs spaces and occupants in hospitals: the patient room and its intervisibility with adjacent spaces, care teams and on-ward support for their work and the intelligibility of public circulation spaces for visitors. The final chapter moves outside the hospital to describe the current healthcare crisis of the global pandemic as it reveals how healthcare institutions must evolve to be adaptable in entirely new ways. Reflective essays by practicing designers follow each chapter, bringing perspectives from professional practice into the discussion. The Covert Life of Hospital Architecture makes the case that latent dimensions of space as experienced have a surprisingly strong link to measurable outcomes, providing new insights into how to better design hospitals through principles that have been tested empirically. It will become a reference for healthcare planners, designers, architects and administrators, as well as for readers from sociology, psychology and other areas of the social sciences.
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Bronner, Yigal, and Lawrence McCrea. First Words, Last Words. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197583470.001.0001.
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First Words, Last Words charts an intense “pamphlet war” that took place in sixteenth-century South India. The book explores this controversy as a case study in the dynamics of innovation in early modern India, a time of great intellectual innovation. This debate took place within the traditional discourses of Vedic hermeneutics, or Mīmāṃsā, and its increasingly influential sibling discipline of Vedānta, and its proponents among the leading intellectuals and public figures of the period. At the heart of this dispute lies the role of sequence in the cognitive processing of textual information, especially of a scriptural nature. Vyāsatīrtha and his grand-pupil Vijayīndratīrtha, writers belonging to the camp of Dualist Vedānta, purported to uphold the radical view of their founding father, Madhva, who believed, against a long tradition of Mīmāṃsā interpreters, that the closing portion of a scriptural passage should govern the interpretation of its opening. By contrast, the Nondualist Appayya Dīkṣita ostensibly defended this tradition’s preference for the opening. But, as the book shows, the debaters gradually converged on a profoundly novel hermeneutic-cognitive theory in which sequence played little role, if any. In fact, they knowingly broke new ground and only postured as traditionalists. First Words, Last Words explores the nature of theoretical innovation in this debate and sets it against the background of comparative examples from other major scriptural interpretive traditions. The book briefly surveys the use of sequence in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic hermeneutics and also seeks out parallel cases of covert innovation in these traditions.
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Weirich, Paul. Rational Responses to Risks. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089412.001.0001.
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A philosophical account of risk, such as this book provides, states what risk is, which attitudes to it are rational, and which acts affecting risks are rational. Attention to the nature of risk reveals two types of risk, first, a chance of a bad event, and, second, an act’s risk in the sense of the volatility of its possible outcomes. The distinction is normatively significant because different general principles of rationality govern attitudes to these two types of risk. Rationality strictly regulates attitudes to the chance of a bad event and is more permissive about attitudes to an act’s risk. Principles of rationality governing attitudes to risk also justify evaluating an act according to its expected utility given that the act’s risk, if any, belongs to every possible outcome of the act. For a rational ideal agent, the expected utilities of the acts available in a decision problem explain the agent’s preferences among the acts. Maximizing expected utility is just following preferences among the acts. This view takes an act’s expected utility, not just as a feature of a representation of preferences among acts, but also as a factor in the explanation of preferences among acts. It takes account of an agent’s attitudes to an act’s risk without weakening the standard of expected-utility maximization. The view extends to evaluations of combination of acts, either simultaneous or in a sequence. Applications cover hedging, return-risk evaluation, professional advice, and government regulation.
Book chapters on the topic "Cover sequence"
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Mehta, Ashok B. "Sequential Domain Coverage (“Cover” Property and “Cover” Sequence)." In System Verilog Assertions and Functional Coverage, 33–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24737-9_3.
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Gu, Zonghao, George L. Nemhauser, and Martin W. P. Savelsbergh. "Sequence independent lifting of cover inequalities." In Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization, 452–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59408-6_72.
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Broder, Andrei. "Universal sequences and graph cover times A short survey." In Sequences, 109–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3352-7_8.
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García Rozas, J. R. "Pure Sequences of Complexes." In Covers and envelopes in the category of complexes of modules, 108–32. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315140438-5.
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Bertrand-Sarfati, Janine, Alexis Moussine-Pouchkine, Pascal Affaton, Roland Trompette, and Yves Bellion. "Cover Sequences of the West African Craton." In The West African Orogens and Circum-Atlantic Correlatives, 65–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84153-8_4.
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Taira, Asahiko, Timothy Byrne, and Juichiro Ashi. "Cover Sequences and Near-Trench Igneous Rocks." In Photographic Atlas of an Accretionary Prism, 80–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09282-8_6.
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Porto, Alexandre H. L., and Valmir C. Barbosa. "Multiple Sequence Alignment Based on Set Covers." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 127–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11732242_12.
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Zhang, Hui, Qing Guo, and Costas S. Iliopoulos. "Computing the Minimum λ-Cover in Weighted Sequences." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 120–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31588-6_16.
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Nabi, Shah Haris, Parsa Sarosh, Shabir A. Parah, and G. Mohiuddin Bhat. "Information Embedding Using DNA Sequences for Covert Communication." In Multimedia Security, 111–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8711-5_6.
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Chaves, Daniel P. B., Cecilio Pimentel, and Bartolomeu F. Uchôa-Filho. "An Iterative Matrix-Based Procedure for Finding the Shannon Cover for Constrained Sequences." In Telecommunications and Networking - ICT 2004, 88–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27824-5_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cover sequence"
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Wang, Chih-Li, Qian Zhong, Szu-Ying Wang, and Vwani Roychowdhury. "Cover song identification by sequence alignment algorithms." In 2011 International Conference on Graphic and Image Processing. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.913429.
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Marzi, D., A. Sorriso, F. Dell'Acqua, and P. Gamba. "Heterogeneous SAR Sequence Processing for Land Cover Mapping." In IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884205.
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Serra, Joan, and Emilia Gomez. "Audio cover song identification based on tonal sequence alignment." In ICASSP 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4517546.
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Beisel, Alexander L. "Critical view of the concept of sequence stratigraphy." In Недропользование. Горное дело. Направления и технологии поиска, разведки и разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Экономика. Геоэкология. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0102-6-2020-001.
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Based on a theoretical analysis, the main shortcomings of modern varieties of the concept of sequence stratigraphy are shown: they do not comply with the definition of the relative sea level, which is given by the authors themselves; the nature of tectonic immersion, which cannot have a sinusoidal shape, is not taken into account; the boundaries of sequences, identified as subaerial disagreements on the periphery of the cover, are unlawfully compared with consonant boundaries within the basins. The need for a thorough review of this concept based on the new basic provisions is shown.
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Margulis, L. S. "Sequence-stratigraphy in Studying the Structure and Petroleum Potential of a Sedimentary Cover." In Saint Petersburg 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145426.
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Yu, Zhesong, Xiaoshuo Xu, Xiaoou Chen, and Deshun Yang. "Temporal Pyramid Pooling Convolutional Neural Network for Cover Song Identification." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/673.
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Cover song identification is an important problem in the field of Music Information Retrieval. Most existing methods rely on hand-crafted features and sequence alignment methods, and further breakthrough is hard to achieve. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are used for representation learning toward this task. We show that they could be naturally adapted to deal with key transposition in cover songs. Additionally, Temporal Pyramid Pooling is utilized to extract information on different scales and transform songs with different lengths into fixed-dimensional representations. Furthermore, a training scheme is designed to enhance the robustness of our model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that combined with these techniques, our approach is robust against musical variations existing in cover songs and outperforms state-of-the-art methods on several datasets with low time complexity.
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Osinski, Eric, and Christopher M. Bailey. "A REVISED STRATIGRAPHY FOR THE NEOPROTEROZOIC COVER SEQUENCE IN THE NORTHERN & CENTRAL VIRGINIA BLUE RIDGE." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-345031.
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Noble, Duncan, Dylan Hemraj, and Mark Eggers. "Improving reliability of the geotechnical model for Cenozoic cover sequence sediments in the Pilbara, Western Australia." In SSIM 2021: Second International Slope Stability in Mining Conference. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2135_23.
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Malhan, Rishi, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Finding Optimal Sequence of Mobile Manipulator Placements for Automated Coverage Planning of Large Complex Parts." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90105.
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Abstract Sensors are widely used in the industry to collect information about a physical object. Operational range of the sensor is limited and therefore the sensor needs to be moved around a large complex part in order to capture complete information. Robot arm or manipulators can provide the degrees of freedom needed to maneuver the sensor through the complex geometry. However, a robotic arm has a limited workspace as well and cannot cover large parts. Mobile base can enhance the capability of the robotic arm by adding mobility to the arm and carrying the arm around the part. Mobile base will need to relocate around the part during the process. Relocating the mobile base increases execution time and also introduces uncertainty in the localization as mobile base moves inaccurately. It is important to reduce the number of mobile base repositioning and reduce execution time and uncertainty. In this paper, we develop a motion planner that finds the minimum number of mobile base placements in order to find robotic arm trajectories that can cover a large complex part using a RGB-D camera sensor. The planning problem, also known as optimal base sequencing, is challenging due to the immensity of the search space. The computation costs involved in inverse kinematics calculations also adds to the search time. A branch and bound search algorithm is developed with efficient branch guiding and pruning heuristics that quickly explores the search space. A capability map based method is developed to improve the search space construction time. Output of our method is an optimal sequence of base placements for the mobile base that will lead to minimum number of placements and execution time required for the process.
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Wie, Kyung-Hoon, Hyung-Jung Kim, Young-Sun Hong, and Sung-Hoon Ahn. "Agent-Based Micro Machining System With Cusp-Height-Minimized Tool Sequence." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86951.
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Agent technology can provide a systematic way to design and implement efficiently distributed intelligent manufacturing systems. Multi-agent system has been recognized as a promising paradigm to integrate a number of agents with different functions. In micro machining field many researchers have been studied the machining characteristics since the influence of underlying mechanisms are fundamentally different from macro-scale machining. This paper presents an agent-based micro machining system. To cover the process planning step for micro machining, basic agents such as cutting tool selection, tool-path generation, and machining cost estimation were implemented. To build and integrate these distributed agents, Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) was used. Throughout this system the selection of optimal roughing tool for semi-finishing stage was implemented by providing automated process planner for micro machining to the engineers. Machining data bases were constructed to store the information of materials, tools, and capability of available machine tools. A designed part can be uploaded to the Micro Machining (MM) agent as a Stereo Lithography (STL) format. MM agent can provide process parameters for 3-axis micro milling and tool sequence for cost-optimal machining automatically. Machining Cost Estimation agent can calculate micro machining cost for the designed part. To test the multi-agent system, a surface of micro-surface feature was fabricated with micro end-mills.
Reports on the topic "Cover sequence"
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Wandeler, Christian, and Steve Hart. The Central Valley Transportation Challenge. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2029.
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The Central Valley Transportation Challenge provides underserved minority students, who are primarily from rural areas, with high quality transportation-related educational experiences so that they learn about transportation-related topics and opportunities in transportation careers. The CVTC is a project-based learning program that brings university faculty and students to K–12 classrooms in rural areas. The project operated with three main objectives: (1) support K–12 teachers’ understanding and implementation of the CVTC programs; (2) connect K–12 students with university faculty and students, and transportation professionals through the CVTC program; and (3) develop an online hub with transportation-related lesson plans and sequences. The results of this study are reported as five case studies and a description of the online hub. The case studies illustrate how different pedagogical approaches and uses of technology were implemented and how the project connections between the schools, community members and professionals from transportation-related fields were developed. In addition, to support the sustainability of transportation-related learning across subsequent years, the research team created an online transportation resource repository. This hub was populated with lessons and units developed by pedagogical and content experts. The lessons cover the grades K–12 and range from brief lessons to very engaging and holistic two-week-long lesson sequences. The CVTC has proven to be a highly flexible and adaptive model due to the use of technology and the teachers’ experience and pedagogical expertise. The timing of the program during the COVID-19 pandemic also provided the students that were learning from home with an engaging learning experience and some relief for teachers who were already dealing with a lot of adjustments. In that sense, the program reached traditionally underserved students, but did so in a critical time where these students faced even more obstacles.
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Fahima, Tzion, and Jorge Dubcovsky. Map-based cloning of the novel stripe rust resistance gene YrG303 and its use to engineer 1B chromosome with multiple beneficial traits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598147.bard.
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Research problem: Bread wheat (Triticumaestivum) provides approximately 20% of the calories and proteins consumed by humankind. As the world population continues to increase, it is necessary to improve wheat yields, increase grain quality, and minimize the losses produced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust, caused by Pucciniastriiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. The new pathogen races are more virulent and aggressive than previous ones and have produced large economic losses. A rich source for stripe-rust resistance genes (Yr) was found in wild emmer wheat populations from Israel. Original Project goals: Our long term goal is to identify, map, clone, characterize and deploy in breeding, novel wild emmer Yr genes, and combine them with multiple beneficial traits. The current study was aiming to map and clone YrG303 and Yr15, located on chromosome 1BS and combine them with drought resistance and grain quality genes. Positional cloning of YrG303/Yr15: Fine mapping of these genes revealed that YrG303 is actually allelic to Yr15. Fine genetic mapping using large segregating populations resulted in reduction of the genetic interval spanning Yr15 to less than 0.1 cM. Physical mapping of the YrG303/Yr15 locus was based on the complete chromosome 1BS physical map of wheat constructed by our group. Screening of 1BS BAC library with Yr15 markers revealed a long BAC scaffold covering the target region. The screening of T. dicoccoidesaccession-specific BAC library with Yr15 markers resulted in direct landing on the target site. Sequencing of T. dicoccoidesBAC clones that cover the YrG303/Yr15 locus revealed a single candidate gene (CG) with conserved domains that may indicate a role in disease resistance response. Validation of the CG was carried out using EMS mutagenesis (loss-of- function approach). Sequencing of the CG in susceptible yr15/yrG303 plants revealed three independent mutants that harbour non-functional yr15/yrG303 alleles within the CG conserved domains, and therefore validated its function as a Pstresistance gene. Evaluation of marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for Yr15. Introgressions of Yr15 into cultivated wheat are widely used now. Recently, we have shown that DNA markers linked to Yr15 can be used as efficient tools for introgression of Yr15 into cultivated wheat via MAS. The developed markers were consistent and polymorphic in all 34 tested introgressions and are the most recommended markers for the introgression of Yr15. These markers will facilitate simultaneous selection for multiple Yr genes and help to avoid escapees during the selection process. Engineering of improved chromosome 1BS that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We have implemented the knowledge and genetic resources accumulated in this project for the engineering of 1B "super-chromosome" that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We completed the generation of a chromosome including the rye 1RS distal segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the Yr gene, Yr15, and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7Bxᴼᴱ). We have completed the introgression of this improved chromosome into our recently released variety Patwin-515HP and our rain fed variety Kern, as well as to our top breeding lines UC1767 and UC1745. Elucidating the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Yr36 (WKS1). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene (Yr36) confers partial resistance to Pst. We have shown that wheat plants transformed with WKS1 transcript are resistant to Pst. WKS1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associatedascorbateperoxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify ROS and contributes to cell death. Distribution and diversity of WKS in wild emmer populations. We have shown that WKS1 is present only in the southern distribution range of wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of WKS1 conservation among wild emmer populations, in contrast to the high level of diversity observed in NB-LRR genes. This phenomenon shed some light on the evolution of genes that confer partial resistance to Pst. Three new WKS1 haplotypes displayed a resistance response, suggesting that they can be useful to improve wheat resistance to Pst. In summary, we have improved our understanding of cereals’ resistance mechanisms to rusts and we have used that knowledge to develop improved wheat varieties.
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Fridman, Eyal, and Eran Pichersky. Tomato Natural Insecticides: Elucidation of the Complex Pathway of Methylketone Biosynthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696543.bard.
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Plant species synthesize a multitude of specialized compounds 10 help ward off pests. and these in turn may well serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides to reduce environmental damage and health risks to humans. The general goal of this research was to perform a genetic and biochemical dissection of the natural-insecticides methylketone pathway that is specific to the glandular trichomes of the wild species of tomato, Solanumhabrochaites f. glabratum (accession PI126449). Previous study conducted by us have demonstrated that these compounds are synthesized de novo as a derivate pathway of the fatty acid biosynthesis, and that a key enzyme. designated MethylketoneSynthase 1 (MKS 1). catalyzes conversion of the intermediate B-ketoacyl- ACPs to the corresponding Cn-1 methylketones. The approach taken in this proposed project was to use an interspecific F2 population. derived from the cross between the cultivated lV182 and the wild species PIl26449. for three objectives: (i) Analyze the association between allelic status of candidate genes from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway with the methylketone content in the leaves (ii) Perform bulk segregant analysis of genetic markers along the tomato genome for identifying genomic regions that harbor QTLs for 2TD content (iii) Apply differential gene expression analysis using the isolated glands of bulk segregant for identifying new genes that are involved in the pathway. The genetic mapping in the interspecific F2 population included app. 60 genetic markers, including the candidate genes from the FAS pathway and SSR markers spread evenly across the genome. This initial; screening identified 5 loci associated with MK content including the candidate genes MKS1, ACC and MaCoA:ACP trans. Interesting observation in this genetic analysis was the connection between shape and content of the glands, i.e. the globularity of the four cells, typical to the wild species. was associated with increased MK in the segregating population. In the next step of the research transcriptomic analysis of trichomes from high- and 10w-MK plants was conducted. This analysis identified a new gene, Methy1ketone synthase 2 (MKS2), whose protein product share sequence similarity to the thioesterase super family of hot-dog enzymes. Genetic analysis in the segregating population confirmed its association with MK content, as well as its overexpression in E. coli that led to formation of MK in the media. There are several conclusions drawn from this research project: (i) the genetic control of MK accumulation in the trichomes is composed of biochemical components in the FAS pathway and its vicinity (MKS 1 and MKS2). as well as genetic factors that mediate the morphology of these specialized cells. (ii) the biochemical pathway is now realized different from what was hypothesized before with MKS2 working upstream to I\1KS 1 and serves as the interface between primary (fatty acids) and secondary (MK) metabolism. We are currently testing the possible physical interactions between these two proteins in vitro after the genetic analysis showed clear epistatic interactions. (iii) the regulation of the pathway that lead to specialized metabolism in the wild species is largely mediated by transcription and one of the achievements of this project is that we were able to isolate and verify the specificity of the MKS1 promoter to the trichomes which allows manipulation of the pathways in these cells (currently in progress). The scientific implications of this research project is the advancement in our knowledge of hitherto unknown biochemical pathway in plants and new leads for studying a new family in plants (hot dog thioesterase). The agricultural and biotechnological implication are : (i) generation of new genetic markers that could assist in importing this pathway to cultivated tomato hence enhancing its natural resistance to insecticides, (ii) the discovery of MKS2 adds a new gene for genetic engineering of plants for making new fatty acid derived compounds. This could be assisted with the use of the isolated and verified MKS1 promoter. The results of this research were summarized to a manuscript that was published in Plant Physiology (cover paper). to a chapter in a proceeding book. and one patent was submitted in the US.