Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coûts individuels'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Coûts individuels.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Dahirel, Maxime. "Déterminants individuels et environnementaux de la dispersion chez une espèce hermaphrodite, l'escargot Cornu aspersum." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S068/document.
Dispersal behaviours, i.e. movements leading to gene flow in space, play a key role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. Terrestrial gastropods are simultaneous hermaphrodites and have an extremely high cost of locomotion, a seldom studied combination of traits which makes them very valuable to investigate the links between dispersal and other life-History traits. During this project, we investigated (i) the complex relationships and trade-Offs between dispersal behaviour, growth, male and female reproduction in the anthropophilous brown garden snail Cornu aspersum, (ii) how its dispersal and exploration vary as a function of competition and environmental heterogeneity, (iii) how dispersal ability coevolved with other traits at the interspecific level. This snail presents a male-Biased subadult phase of varying duration before reaching adulthood and hermaphroditism. Dispersal behavior was mostly expressed during this subadult stage, and its decrease in adults was linked to investment in the female function. Brown garden snail dispersal is highly density-Dependant: snails leave crowded sites and settle readily in low-Density patches, a strategy that facilitates colonization and persistence in spatio-Temporally variable environments. Their movement propensity increases in urban, fragmented habitats, despite the higher costs of movement. At the interspecific level, dispersal and ecological generalism are linked in a dispersal syndrome, which makes specialist species doubly vulnerable, but increases success odds of generalists in heterogeneous landscapes . This combination of traits is likely to have played a major role in the successful worldwide colonization of many anthropogenic landscapes by this species
Veetaseveera, Jomphop. "Decentralized control design for synchronization of multi-agent systems with guaranteed individual costs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0303.
The work of this thesis focuses on the synthesis and analysis of synchronization algorithms for multi-agent systems, with linear dynamics and fixed topology. By synchronization, we mean that the states of all agents evolve on the same trajectory from a certain time. Taking into account communication constraints, we propose decentralized control architectures, i.e. that use only local information. In a first part, we draw from game theory to propose a control law considering an individual satisfactory cost per agent. In order to facilitate the analysis, the synchronization problem is first reformulated as a stabilization problem. Then, conditions given in the form of Linear Matrix Inegalities allow to check if a gain profile corresponds to a satisfaction equilibrium or not. A set of gains is a satisfaction equilibrium when the individual cost of each agent is bounded by a given threshold. Furthermore, based on the output feedback control, a second result allows us to synthesize the gain of an agent assuming the gains of the other agents are known. The second part, dedicated to networks with clusters, is based on the Singular Perturbed Theory to present a control law more focused on large-scale networks. The objective is to provide a computationally efficient method to design control strategies that guarantee a certain limit on the cost of each cluster. Using a time-scale separation method, the control law design is separated into two parts: an internal and an external control. Their designs are done independently from each other and tend to reduce the computational load. Moreover, we show that the internal control affects the cost of the cluster only during a short period of time
Head, Sareta Dobbs. "Costs of Treating Depression with Individual Versus Family Therapy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2842.
Bissey, Sebastien. "Optimisation du coût de la consommation d'électricité dans l'habitat individuel." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4029.
The work carried out as part of this thesis con'sisted in proposing solutions to optimize the cost of electricity consumption in individual housing. The hardware and software tools proposed here make it possible to estimate both the profitability of an electricity management system and the impact of good and simple daily actions. First, some solutions to save money in the single-family home were compared and evaluated. The electrical energy storage system has been introduced. Storage makes it possible, among other things, to shift electricity consumption from peak to off-peak hours and thus save money. In a second part, the prediction of electricity consumption based on fuzzy logic was introduced in order to use the storage system more efficiently. The profitability of storage systems and smart plugs was studied. In a third and final part, a highly efficient energy converter (above 95%) was introduced. The latter is necessarily bidirectional because the energy must be able to pass from the storage system to the distribution network and vice versa. The harmonic distortion rates of the signals must then be as low as possible (here, less than 8%). The originality of the proposed converter also lies in the simplicity of the necessary digital control circuits. SiC power devices were used to achieve the desired energy efficiency values. These components also increase the switching frequency and thus reduce the size of the filter elements
Schiltz, Joel. "Sunk costs at an individual level : the role of responsibility /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103231637.
Bevins, Bram Cassidy. "Employability of individuals with varying disabilities and costs of needed workplace accommodations." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0326103-193755/unrestricted/BevinsB040303f.pdf.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0326103-193755. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
Cabon, Sébastien. "La disposition à payer comme mesure des préférences individuelles dans le secteur de la santé." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10040.
Lee, Adrian David Banking & Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Active equity fund management: Benchmarking and trading behaviour." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Banking & Finance, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43403.
Jetté, Jonathan. "Une étude compréhensive des coûts d’une intervention Logement d’abord pour les individus avec consommation problématique et un historique d’itinérance, incluant une analyse des facteurs influençant la variation des coûts." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37017.
Turaga, Rama Mohana Rao. "Spatial Resolution, Costs, and Equity in Air Toxics Regulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16236.
Wu, Gi-Mick. "On handling costs and host choice in aphid-parasitoids: from individual behaviour to evolutionary patterns." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103627.
L'exploitation des ressources impose un coût de manipulation pour capturer, poursuivre, ou tuer une ressource. Les coûts de manipulation devraient influencer les choix des animaux et conséquemment, la structure des communautés. Le comportement d'exploitation au niveau individuel pourrait ne pas être valide pour les communautés où plusieurs espèces interagissent. L'objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer les facteurs influençant le coût de manipulation chez les parasitoïdes de puceron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) et les conséquences pour le choix d'hôte au niveau individuel et des communautés. Des expériences en laboratoire sur le parasitoïde Aphidius colemani ont démontré que le coût de manipulation d'un hôte (Myzus persicae), diminue lorsque le ratio de taille parasitoïde:puceron augmente. De plus, la température de développement des parasitoïdes influence leur temps de manipulation en modifiant leur taille corporelle. Les défenses des hôtes devraient influencer le temps de manipulation des parasitoïdes, mais des expériences en laboratoire ont démontré que l'utilisation de sécrétions corniculaires par le puceron Sitobion avenae n'affecte pas le temps de manipulation du parasitoïde Aphidius rhopalosiphi. Ce résultat serait lié à la fonction altruiste des sécrétions corniculaires. Il semblerait donc que le ratio de taille consommateur:ressource soit le principal facteur influençant le coût de manipulation des parasitoïdes de puceron. Au niveau des communautés, cette relation devrait donner lieu à une corrélation positive entre la taille corporelle des parasitoïdes et de leurs hôtes. Des analyses comparatives ont démontré que le coût de manipulation n'est pas lié au ratio de taille consommateur:ressource à l'échelle de la communauté, mais que la taille corporelle des parasitoïdes et de leurs hôtes sont néanmoins positivement corrélées. Par contre, cette corrélation peut être attribuée complètement au passée évolutif (phylogénie) des animaux plutôt qu'à leur choix d'hôte. Cette thèse a démontré que la taille corporelle des pucerons et des parasitoïdes influence le coût de manipulation et le choix des hôtes des parasitoïdes, mais que ce résultat ne s'applique pas à l'échelle des communautés. Le choix d'hôte lorsque différentes espèces de puceron sont présentes serait plutôt expliqué par la phylogénie. Je discute des conséquences de ces résultats pour l'étude du comportement à plusieurs échelles.
Athanassouli, Kyriaki. "La dispersion des coûts de la main-d'œuvre dans les pays de l'Union européenne : variables individuelles et variables de marché." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100013.
Wage determination, evolution and dispersion are permanent stakes of the economic and social debate. We want to identify and to examine the amplitude of wages and costs dispersion for the twelve countries of the european union. As raw data, derived from the eurostat labour cost survey, are strongly dependent on sectoral distribution of employment in each region, a method is presented, based on reweighting techniques and loglinear modelling, to eliminate the composition effect (zighera (1985-1987). As a result, a regional typology of these twelve countries and a regional classification does emerge. We give an interpretation in terms of human capital. Furthermore, we give prominence to the correlation which appears with regional and sectoral unemployment and the level the evolution of wages, in the united-kingdom, france and germany. Our econometrics tests are consistent with a phillips curve (correlation between unemployment and the evolution of wages) and a wage curve blanchflower et oswald'style (1990, 1992, 1994) (correlation between unemployment and the level of wage). The analytic foundations are based on the modern collective bargaining and the efficiency wage theory
Kazis, Richard Frank. "The costs of uneven development : an analysis of individual earnings loss among dislocated workers in deindustrializing industries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75507.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 78-83.
by Richard Frank Kazis.
M.C.P.
Everett, Michael D., and Michael W. Ramsey. "A Framework and Model for Estimating the Individual Benefits and Costs of Exercise for Long Run Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4131.
Evans, Christopher Charles Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The operating costs of taxing the capital gains of individuals : a comparative study of Australia and the UK, with particular reference to the compliance costs of certain tax design features." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20738.
Germain, Marion. "The links between dispersal and individual fitness : correlation or causality ? : exploring mechanisms using correlative and experimental approaches in a passerine bird species, the collared flycatcher." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254731.
Joint PhD Uppsala, Lyon
Heiden, Erin Ose. "Injuries among individuals with pre-existing spinal cord injury: understanding injury patterns, burdens, and prevention." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1624.
Arving, Cecilia. "Individual psychosocial support for breast cancer patients : Quality of life, psychological effects, patient satisfaction, health care utilization and costs." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7929.
Flaig, Julien. "A simulation based approach to individual vaccination behavior." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2056/document.
We tackle the issue of including individual vaccination decisions in epidemiological models. We draw on the example of Measles vaccination, and we focus on strategic interactions and anticipatory behavior. We contribute to a fuller account of such behaviors by developing a modeling approach intended as a tool for practitioners and theorists.In Chapter 1, we show how the interplay between individual anticipatory vaccination decisions and the otherwise biological dynamics of a disease may lead to the emergence of recurrent patterns. We consider a Measles-like outbreak, rational and far-sighted individuals, vital dynamics, and waning vaccine efficacy. This chapter illustrates the versatility of our approach. For comparison, we provide results for individuals with adaptive behavior.In Chapter 2, we investigate the effect of anticipatory behavior in a scenario where Measles vaccination becomes mandatory. When mandatory vaccination is announced in advance, we show that individuals may alter their vaccination behavior, thus causing an increase in prevalence before Measles is ultimately eradicated. These transition effects lead to non negligible welfare differences between generations. We consider an anti-vaccinationist subpopulation with a higher vaccination cost, and exhibit scenarios where anti-vaccinationists are among those who benefit the most from mandatory vaccination.In Chapter 3, we discuss whether coalitions of vaccinating individuals can account for the relatively high vaccination coverages observed in developed countries. We explain why and how retaliation concepts usually found in repeated games can be used in the context of vaccination, even though individuals vaccinate only once. This allows us to model how vaccinating individuals might retaliate against those who refuse vaccination. We show that retaliation threats can sustain vaccination where it would otherwise be suboptimal for individuals
Fontaine, Roméo. "Le soutien familial aux personnes âgées dépendantes : Analyses micro-économétriques des comportements individuels et familiaux de prise en charge." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/7370.
With the population ageing, the expected increase in the long term care demand questions the role our societies want to entrust to family in the care provision for disabled elderly people. We use a micro-econometric framework to study individual and family caregiving behaviours. From a public policy perspective, three mains findings emerge from the analysis proposed. First, the identification of family interactions in individual caregiving decisions highlights the necessity to reconsider the idea of an inexorable decline in family support. Second, the decrease in labour supply induced by the care provision beyond a certain level points out the limits of a public policy aimed at both extending the work lives of seniors and encouraging informal care for disabled elderly people. Finally, the use au publicly funded formal care is associated with a rather modest decline in family support
Fischer, Timo. "European co-ordination of long-term care benefits: the individual costs of migration between Bismarck and Belveridge systems. Illustrative case studies." SFB International Tax Coordination, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1728/1/document.pdf.
Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination
Berri, Akli. "Dynamiques de la motorisation et des dépenses de transport des ménages : analyses sur données individuelles et semi-agrégées." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010066.
Grignon-Massé, Laurent. "Développement d'une méthodologie d'analyse coût-bénéfice en vue d'évaluer le potentiel de réduction des impacts environnementaux liés au confort d'été : cas des climatiseurs individuels fixes en France métropolitaine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006187.
Desplatz, Rozenn. "Hétérogénéité des prix et salaires, pouvoir de marché et emploi : quatre analyses économétriques sur données individuelles d'entreprises." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010074.
Sayadi, Imen. "Nouvelles études sur les échelles d'équivalence : estimation d'échelles complètes et d'échelles d'unités de vie sur données individuelles monétaires et temporelles de l'INSEE." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010034.
Hurskainen, S. (Sonja). "The roles of individual demographic history and environmental conditions in the performance and conservation of northern orchids." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526220888.
Tiivistelmä Populaation kasvunopeus riippuu siitä, kuinka monta yksilöä populaatioon syntyy ja kuinka monta yksilöä kuolee. Yksilöiden lisääntyvyyteen ja elossa säilyvyyteen puolestaan vaikuttavat monet ulkoiset ja sisäiset tekijät, kuten sää ja yksilön oma lisääntymishistoria. Kasvilla on rajallinen määrä resursseja, joten sen pitää tehdä kompromisseja eri elintoimintojen, esimerkiksi kasvun ja lisääntymisen, välillä. Klonaaliset kasvit voivat myös lisääntyä usealla tavalla: joko suvullisesti siemenistä tai kasvullisesti tuottamalla uusia versoja. Demografisten prosessien tutkimisessa pitkäaikaiset seuranta-aineistot ovat välttämättömiä. Pitkäaikaisseurannat voivat myös paljastaa uhanalaisen lajin populaation taantumisen syyt ja näistä seurannoista saatua tietoa voidaan soveltaa harvinaisten lajien, esimerkiksi kämmeköiden, suojelutoimien suunnittelussa. Tässä väitöskirjassa analysoin aineistoa kämmeköiden pitkäaikaisseurannoista Suomesta ja Virosta. Tavoitteenani oli arvioida ulkoisten ja sisäisten tekijöiden merkitystä pitkäikäisten kasvien menestykselle. Tulokset osoittavat, että kasvin menestys riippuu sekä yksilön omasta demografisesta historiasta että sen ympäristöstä. Eri säätekijöiden vaikutus tikankontin (Cypripedium calceolus) kasvuun ja kukkimiseen vaihteli Suomen ja Viron välillä, mutta lumen syvyys ja edellisen kasvukauden lämpötila nousivat merkittävimmiksi tekijöiksi molemmissa maissa. Tikankontin kasvu ja kukinta riippuivat kuitenkin säätä enemmän kasvin omasta demografisesta historiasta. Runsas lisääntyminen edeltävällä kasvukaudella vähensi lisääntymistä tulevalla kasvukaudella, mikä johti kaksivuotiseen jaksottaisuuteen tikankontin lisääntymisessä ja kasvussa. Tutkiessani dormanssia (lepotila, jossa kasvi ei tuota maanpäällistä versoa) kolmella kämmekkälajilla, tikankontilla, neidonkengällä (Calypso bulbosa) ja tummaneidonvaipalla (Epipactis atrorubens), havaitsin lisäksi, että todennäköisyys siirtyä dormanssiin riippui kasvin koosta. Myöskin tämän lepotilan aiheuttamat kustannukset olivat riippuvaisia kasvin aikaisemmasta tilasta. Isoilla kasveilla dormanssilla oli sekä suoria kustannuksia että kustannuksia suhteessa versomiseen. Pienillä kasveilla näitä kustannuksia ei ollut. Osoitan väitöskirjassani myös, että maltillisella puunpoistolla voidaan lisätä tikankonttipopulaatioiden siementuottoa ja versotiheyttä
Garrouste, Manon. "Ressources scolaires et réactions individuelles : trois essais en économie de l'éducation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010010/document.
The main objective of this thesis is to study the interdependence of school resources and individual resources in human capital production. In three empirical analyses using French data, various methods arc proposed to evaluate the impact of educational policies, taking individual behaviors into account. The first chapter shows that compensatory education policies may result in individual sorting. The fact that socially more advantaged families tend to avoid treated schools cancels out additional resources positive effects on academic achievement. The second chapter examines whether pupils are constrained by local school supply. We find that opening a new high school increases the proportion of pupils who continue in upper secondary education, particularly in a vocational track. Studying how students evaluate teaching, the third chapter shows that they take contemporaneous information about their grades into account when they evaluate teachers' pedagogical qualities
Hermann, Daniel Dr [Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Rau, Claudia [Gutachter] Keser, and Kilian [Gutachter] Bizer. "The influence of moral costs and heuristics on individual decision making: Five essays in behavioral economics / Daniel Dr. Hermann ; Gutachter: Claudia Keser, Kilian Bizer ; Betreuer: Holger Rau." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169912311/34.
Büttner, Benjamin [Verfasser], Gebhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wulfhorst, Yves [Gutachter] Crozet, and Michael [Gutachter] Wegener. "Consequences of sharp increases in mobility costs on accessibility : Suggestions for individual and public development strategies / Benjamin Büttner ; Gutachter: Yves Crozet, Michael Wegener, Gebhard Wulfhorst ; Betreuer: Gebhard Wulfhorst." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124590951/34.
Büttner, Benjamin Christoph [Verfasser], Gebhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wulfhorst, Yves [Gutachter] Crozet, and Michael [Gutachter] Wegener. "Consequences of sharp increases in mobility costs on accessibility : Suggestions for individual and public development strategies / Benjamin Büttner ; Gutachter: Yves Crozet, Michael Wegener, Gebhard Wulfhorst ; Betreuer: Gebhard Wulfhorst." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124590951/34.
Dalla, Via Nicola <1985>. "Three essays in behavioral management accounting." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1254.
The aim of the dissertation is to contribute to the literature focused on issues related to the behavior of individuals involved in management accounting tasks. The work is composed by an introductory chapter and three empirical papers. Chapter 1 proposes a historical review of the studies on behavioral management accounting and control. Chapter 2 examines how the introduction of subjective performance measures in a biannual incentive system leads to evaluation biases. In particular, the findings show that supervisors’ performance evaluations are subject to a trade-off between an informative and a rewarding function. Chapter 3 investigates whether sticky cost behavior is recognized under different presentation formats. Finally, Chapter 4 studies how strategic decisions are influenced by the adoption of a causal chain in a balanced scorecard and by the introduction of different types of accountability (process vs. outcome).
Lueza, Béranger. "Estimation du bénéfice de survie à partir de méta-analyse sur données individuelles et évaluation économique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS268/document.
The survival benefit restricted up to a certain time horizon has been suggested as an alternative measure to the common relative measures used to estimate the treatment effect, especially in case of non-proportional hazards of death. The restricted survival benefit corresponds to the difference of the two restricted mean survival times estimated for each treatment arm, and is expressed in terms of life years gained. In the literature, this measure is considered as more intuitive than the hazard ratio and many authors have suggested its use for the design and the analysis of clinical trials. However, it is not currently the most used measure in randomized trials. This measure is valid under any distribution of the survival times and is adapted if the proportional hazards assumption does not hold. In addition, the restricted survival benefit can be used in medico-economic evaluation where an absolute measure of the treatment effect is needed (number of [quality adjusted] life years gained). If one wants to estimate the restricted survival benefit from an individual participant data meta-analysis, there is a need to take into account the trial effect due to the hierarchical structure of the data. The aim of this thesis was to compare statistical methods to estimate the restricted survival benefit from an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized trials. The starting point was a case study (cost-effectiveness analysis) using data from the Meta-Analysis of Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer. This study showed that the five investigated methods yielded different estimates for the restricted survival benefit and its confidence interval. The choice of a method to estimate the survival benefit also impacted on cost-effectiveness results. Our second project consisted in a simulation study to have a better understanding of the properties of the investigated methods in terms of bias and standard error. Finally, the last part of the thesis illustrated the lessons learned from the simulation study through three examples of individual participant data meta-analysis in nasopharynx cancer and in small cell lung cancer
Shang, Ze Zhong. "Individual behaviours when facing health risk and their aggregate impacts on the society." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA2001/document.
During the past 2 decades, health has become a more and more important role in our economy life: on the one hand, we observe a significant improvement of average lifespan across the globe, on the other hand, the health expenditures is also increasing enormously, which has become a shake to the public health system of many countries. In this dissertation, we begin with these 2 stylized facts but we also show that there is more to it: though the average level of health has been improved significantly, health related inequalities are still being reported and actually tend to increase, plus, we also show that countries with important health expenditures performs generally poorly in terms of health system efficiency, in short, this improvement of human health we are talking about seems to benefit more those who can pay the bills. In order to figure out what causes this phenomenon and eventually propose practical solutions that help solve the problem, in this dissertation we take 2 approaches: first we start with the deterministic approach and also the more theoretical approach, in this approach we build our model based on the Grossman health capital model and we examine how people would behave when their health fluctuates, then we turn to the second approach, which is the stochastic approach and also the more practical approach, in this approach we use the Markov chain to simulate the real health risk and examine the behaviors of individuals of different social-economic status(SES) under this circumstance, we also aggregate these behaviors to see what impact could be generated on the whole society and we test reversely how these behavior would affected by public policies
Brožová, Tereza. "Children pay as you go system." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192657.
Touzalin, Frédéric. "Evolutionary demography of a partial migrant shorebird species." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30349/document.
Global warming causes changes in the dynamics and distribution of populations. I used a 19-year study, in Brittany, on a long-lived and partial migrant, the Pied Avocet, to quantify and compare the demographic rates associated with different migration strategies. Survival rates and associated senescence patterns were similar in residents and in migrants, but migrants exhibited a delayed recruitment age. Reproductive investment was higher and senescence was absent in individuals recruited at the age of one year, whereas those who began to reproduce later showed reproductive senescence. The fitness of migrants was lower than the fitness of residents, which explained their decline over the study period, while the resident population remained stable. Low productivity, due to predation, caused the Brittany population to decline despite a high immigration rate, which questions local conservation policies
Laguzet, Laetitia. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique des comportements sociaux en milieu incertain. Application à l'épidémiologie." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090058/document.
This thesis propose a mathematical analysis of the vaccination strategies.The first part introduces the mathematical framework, in particular the Susceptible – Infected – Recovered compartmental model.The second part introduces the optimal control tools used to find an optimal vaccination strategy from the societal point of view, which is a minimizer of the societal cost. We show that the associated value function can have a less regularity than what was assumed in the literature. These results are then applied to the vaccination against the whooping cough.The third part defines a model where the cost is defined at the level of the individual. We rephrase this problem as a Nash equilibrium and compare this results with the societal strategy. An application to the Influenza A(H1N1) 2009-10 indicates the presence of inhomogeneous perceptions concerning the vaccination risks.The fourth and last part proposes a direct numerical implementation of the different strategies
Studený, Marek. "Analýza vedlejších rozpočtových nákladů v závislosti na základních rozpočtových nákladech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227066.
Sendecka, Joanna. "Age, Longevity and Life-History Trade-Offs in the Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7787.
Adams, Kirk. "Journeys Through Rough Country: An Ethnographic Study of Blind Adults Successfully Employed in American Corporations." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1552066999409903.
Pospíšil, Tomáš. "Vliv provedení zateplení panelového domu v Ostravě na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402101.
Noirot, Renaud. "Les dates de naissance des créances." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05D016/document.
It is the laws governing companies experiencing difficulties which have revealed the complexity of determining the dates of the origination of the claims. And yet this appears to be fundamental in private law. As it constitutes the criterion for implementing certain legal mechanisms, it epitomizes the existence of the claim and hence represents a challenge for any rule of law in which the existence of this claim is a goal or condition. There are two conflicting doctrinal currents: the traditional approach sets the date of origination at the stage of the formation of the contract, while modern approaches situate it at the stage of the execution of the contract. The materialistic approach, based on the law governing companies experiencing difficulties, staggers the origination of the price debt over the period of the execution of the service. The periodical approach, which relies on a doctrinal reflection on successive execution contracts, is that of the re-origination of all the claims under the contract at each contractual period. An examination of the modern approaches, under the auspices of the legal mechanisms which can only epitomize the true date of origination of the authentic claim leads to the invalidity thereof. The traditional approach is therefore once again consecrated. But the resistance constituted by the laws governing companies in difficulty cannot rely on the technique of legal fiction, because other manifestations of the same phenomenon can be identified outside this domain. Therefore, a change of paradigm is in order if the hiatus is to be resolved. Behind this persistent phenomenon lies in fact another vision, another concept of the claim: the economic claim which, interwoven with the legal claim in the private law system, supplements it. The duality of the dates of origination therefore conceals in its bosom the duality of the very concept of a claim, the traditional legal claim and the economic claim. The economic claim is not a subjective personal right. It is not a legal claim. It is not autonomous of the legal claim and must not be confused with a claim originating in a case of unwarranted enrichment. The economic claim represents the value produced by the contract as the service which characterizes it is provided. It permits the rectification of the ordinary application of the concept of legal claim by ensuring the function of correlating the proceeds with the costs of a commodity or an activity. Its domains of application are varied. In addition to its use in accounting and fiscal law, the economic claim permits the determination of the portion transferred in the context of the transfer of a contract, the determination of the collateral consisting in a special-purpose fund in the context of a legal joint estate, a limited liability individual contractor or a trust, as well as the determination of the liabilities which escape the discipline of collective proceedings. In these domains, it is therefore not the date of origination of the legal claim which applies, but the date of origination of the economic claim. The coherence of the private law system is therefore restored as concerns the date of the origination of the claim
"Employability of Individuals with Varying Disabilities and Costs of Needed Workplace Accommodations." East Tennessee State University, 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0326103-193755/.
Maher, Aideen. "Private security costs as a tax deduction for individuals in South Africa." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27285.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Taxation
unrestricted
França, Tiago Rocha Martins. "Costs of item repetition in a 2-AFC task aimed to assess statistical learning: effects of word’s predictability and prior knowledge of the to-be-learned regularities." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68594.
Several studies acknowledged the problems with the use of the standard two-alternative-forced choice (2-AFC) task to assess statistical learning (SL) in a valid and reliable way. The purpose of this study was to directly examine the cost that the use of multiple repetition of same items during the 2-AFC task involve. Furthermore, to test whether that cost might be modulated by words’ predictability and the prior knowledge of the to-be-learned regularities, “words” with transitional probabilities (TPs) of 1.0 (easy “words”) and TPs of .50 (hard “words”) were used during the familiarization phase of an SL task performed under incidental (implicit) and intentional (explicit) conditions. Although results from all participants failed to show signs of detrimental effects of item repetition, the analyses including only the participants who showed clear evidence of learning in each of the SL tasks indicated that item repetition had indeed detrimental effects on the 2-AFC performance particularly for hard “words” under implicit conditions.
Vários estudos reconheceram os problemas que a utilização da tarefa de escolha forçada entre duas alternativas (2-AFC) para avaliar a aprendizagem estatística acarretam. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de examinar o custo que a repetição dos mesmos itens numa tarefa 2-AFC envolve. Além disso, testámos se esse custo seria modulado pela previsibilidade das palavras e pelo conhecimento prévio das regularidades a aprender usando "palavras" com probabilidades de transição (TPs) de 1.0 (palavras fáceis) e TPs de .50 (palavras difíceis) durante a fase de familiarização de uma tarefa de aprendizagem estatística realizada sob condições acidentais (implícitas) e intencionais (explícitas) de aprendizagem. Embora os resultados das análises conduzidas com de todos os participantes não tenham revelado sinais de efeitos prejudiciais da repetição dos itens, os resultados das análises conduzidas apenas os participantes que mostraram evidência clara de aprendizagem em cada uma das tarefas, indicaram que a repetição de itens teve de facto efeitos prejudiciais no desempenho da tarefa 2-AFC, particularmente para "palavras" difíceis em condições implícitas.
Este estudo integra-se no âmbito do projeto "Correlatos neurodesenvolvimentais dos mecanismos implícitos-explícitos de aprendizagem em crianças com Perturbação Específica de Linguagem: Evidência com potenciais evocados cerebrais" (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028212) financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) e pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, através de fundos nacionais, e co-financiado pelo FEDER, através do COMPETE2020, no âmbito do acordo Portugal 2020.
Easton, Judith Ann. "Individual differences in perceptions of the benefits and costs of short-term mating." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6169.
text
Stark, Karen. "An assessment of the tax compliance costs of individual taxpayers in South Africa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27270.
The tax compliance costs of individual taxpayers in South Africa are unknown, and it is essential to determine, amongst other things, whether these costs pose a risk of causing non-compliance, which could have a negative effect on the collection of tax revenue. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the tax compliance costs of individual taxpayers in South Africa. The assessment of tax compliance costs entailed calculating these costs in relation to the submission of income tax returns and post-filing activities, ascertaining the determinants of these costs and suggesting ways to reduce them. Using data collected from an online survey conducted among 10 260 taxpayers, it was estimated (applying various methods) that income tax compliance costs of individual taxpayers for the 2018 year of assessment were between 3.61% and 5.31% of the personal income tax revenue. These results compared well with ratios reported in most studies conducted in other countries and showed a reduction from the results obtained from 752 taxpayers for the 2017 year of assessment. Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID), a decision tree modelling technique, was used to ascertain the determinants of tax compliance costs and to identify specific groups of taxpayers associated with distinct ranges of the determinants that were statistically significant predictors of tax compliance costs. This breakdown enabled a better understanding of the influence that the specific values of the continuous determinants, such as the service quality rating of the South African Revenue Service (SARS), and the categorical determinants, such as education level and employment status, have on tax compliance costs. The CHAID analysis therefore provided an additional level of insight not possible with regression analysis, enhancing the usability of the results. Employment status and income tax bracket had the strongest association with tax compliance costs (on average, self-employed taxpayers and taxpayers in the highest income tax bracket had the highest total tax compliance costs). Various other determinants, for example, type of assistance obtained, gender, education level, complexity of tax legislation, complexity of SARS guides, and SARS’s service quality rating were also identified in the analyses.
Die belastingvoldoeningskoste van individuele belastingpligtiges in Suid-Afrika is onbekend, en dit is noodsaaklik om, onder andere, te bepaal of hierdie koste ʼn risiko van nievoldoening inhou wat ʼn negatiewe uitwerking op die insameling van belastinginkomste kan hê. Die doelwit van die studie was dus om die belastingvoldoeningskoste van individuele belastingpligtiges in Suid-Afrika te assesseer. Die assessering van belastingvoldoeningskoste behels die berekening van hierdie koste ten opsigte van die indiening van inkomstebelastingopgawes en ná-indieningsaktiwiteite, bepaling van die determinante van hierdie koste en voorstelle van hoe om dit te verminder. Aan die hand van data wat ingesamel is deur ʼn aanlyn opname onder 10 260 belastingpligtiges, is (deur middel van verskeie metodes) geraam dat inkomstebelasting-voldoeningskoste van individuele belastingpligtiges vir die 2018-assesseringsjaar tussen 3.61% en 5.31% van die persoonlike-inkomstebelastinginkomste was. Hierdie resultate het goed vergelyk met verhoudings soos berig in die meeste studies wat in ander lande uitgevoer is en het ʼn afname gewys in die resultate wat by 752 belastingpligtiges vir die 2017-assesseringsjaar bekom is. Chi-kwadraat outomatiese wisselwerkingbespeuring (chi-square automatic interaction detection – CHAID), ʼn besluitnemingskema-modelleringtegniek, is gebruik om die determinante van belastingvoldoeningskoste te bepaal en om spesifieke groepe belastingpligtiges te identifiseer wat statisties-beduidende voorspellers van belastingvoldoeningskoste is. Hierdie uiteensetting het ʼn beter begrip daargestel van die invloed wat die spesifieke waardes op die deurlopende determinante, soos die diensgehaltegradering van die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens (SARS), en die kategoriedeterminante, soos onderwysvlak en indiensnemingstatus, op belastingvoldoeningskoste het. Die CHAID-ontleding het dus ʼn bykomende vlak van insig voorsien wat nie moontlik is met regressieontleding nie en sodoende die bruikbaarheid van die resultate verbeter. Indiensnemingstatus en inkomstebelastingkategorie het die sterkste assosiasie met belastingvoldoeningskoste (belastingpligtiges in eie diens en belastingpligtiges in die hoogste inkomstekategorie het gemiddeld die hoogste totale belastingvoldoeningskoste). Verskeie ander determinante, byvoorbeeld, soort bystand verkry, geslag, onderwysvlak, kompleksiteit van belastingwetgewing, kompleksiteit van SARS-gidse en SARS-diensgehaltegradering is ook in die ontledings geïdentifiseer. Die studie het afgesluit met voorstelle om individuele belastingspligtiges se belastingvoldoeningskoste te verlaag.
Ditshenyegelo tša ditefelo tša go obamela melawana ya metšhelo ka balefamotšhelo ka Afrika Borwa ga di tsebje, gomme go bohlokwa gore re tsebe, gareng ga tše dingwe, ge eba ditshenyegelo tše di tliša kotsi ya go baka gore balefamotšhelo ba se ke ba obamela melawana ya metšhelo, e lego seo se ka bago le seabe sa go se loke go kgoboketšo ya letseno la motšhelo. Ke ka lebaka leo, maikemišetšo a dinyakišišo tše e bile go sekaseka ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo ka balefamotšhelo ka Afrika Borwa. Tshekatsheko ya ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo go ra gore re swanetše go hlakanya ditshenyegelo tše mabapi le go romela dingwalwa tša motšhelo le ditiragalo tša ka morago ga go romela dingwalwa tšeo tša motšhelo, go realo e le go tseba dilo tšeo di bakago ditshenyegelo tše le go šišinya mekgwa ya go di fokotša. Ka go šomiša tshedimošo ye e kgobokeditšwego go dinyakišišo tšeo di dirilwego ka inthanete gareng ga balefamotšhelo ba 10 260, go akantšwe gore (ka go diriša mekgwa ye e fapafapanego) ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo wa letseno ka balefamotšhelo ka ngwaga wa tshekatsheko ya metšhelo wa 2018 di bile magareng ga 3.61% le 5.31% ya tšhelete ya motšhelo wa letseno. Dipoelo tše di bapetšwa gabotse le dikelo tšeo di begilwego ka dinyakišišong tše ntši tšeo di dirilwego ka dinageng tše dingwe gomme di laeditše go fokotšega go tšwa go dipoelo tšeo di hweditšwego go balefamotšhelo ba 752 ka ngwageng wa tshekatsheko ya metšhelo wa 2017. Kutollo ya tirišano ya maitirišo ya Chi-square (CHAID), e lego mokgwa wa go nyakišiša sephetho ka maphakga, e šomišitšwe ka nepo ya go tseba dilo tšeo di bakago ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo le go hlaola dihlopha tše itšego tša balefamotšhelo bao ba amanago le mehuta ye e swanago e nnoši ya dihlaodi tšeo di bilego bohlokwa go ya ka dipalopalo mabapi le ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo. Karoganyo ye e kgontšhitše kwešišo ye kaone ya khuetšo yeo dikokwane tše itšego tša dilo tšeo di tšwelago pele go baka se, tša go swana le kelo ya boleng bja tirelo ye e abjago ke Tirelo ya Motšhelo ya Afrika Borwa (SARS), le dilo tšeo di bakago go se obamele melawana ya motšhelo go ya ka makala, go swana le maemo a thuto le maemo a mošomo, go ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo. Tshekatsheko ya CHAID ka fao e file maemo a tlaleletšo a tsebo yeo e sa kgonagalego ka tshekatsheko ya poelomorago, go maatlafatša go šomišega ga dipoelo. Maemo a mošomo le legoro la motšhelo wa letseno di bile le kamano ye kgolo le ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo (ka kakaretšo, balefamotšhelo bao ba itšhomelago le balefamotšhelo bao ba lego ka go legoro la godimo la motšhelo wa letseno ba na le palomoka ya godimodimo ya motšhelo wo ba lefišwago ona). Dilo tše dingwe tša mehutahuta tšeo di bakago go se obamele melawana ya motšhelo, go fa mohlala, mohuta wa thušo ye e hweditšwego, bong, maemo a thuto, go se kwešišege ga melawana ya motšhelo, go se kwešišege ga ditlhahli tša SARS, le kelo ya boleng bja tirelo ya SARS le tšona di utollotšwe ka tshekatshekong. Dinyakišišo di feditše ka go fa ditšhišinyo mabapi le ka fao go ka fokotšwago ditshenyegelo tša go obamela melawana ya motšhelo ka balefamotšhelo.
D. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)
Smith, Danielle P. "Costs and benefits: The role of individual differences and warning labels in safety decision-making." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/20650.
Hermann, Daniel Dr. "The influence of moral costs and heuristics on individual decision making: Five essays in behavioral economics." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4E0-B.
Wang, Jui-Chu, and 王瑞珠. "Analysis of Individual Stocks Futures, Stock, Financing the Transaction costs, Compensation, Risk-for example HON HAI、TSMC." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ykk5dm.
淡江大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
106
There are many differences in the structure and trading system between the futures market and the current stock market. The research literature between the financial market futures and the current stocks mostly focuses on the correlation between price trends in each other. The research on the transaction costs, risks and rewards of these investment instruments is relatively rare. This dissertation discusses the differences between individual stock futures, current stocks, and current stock financing investment tools from transaction costs, compensation, and risk. The research method adopts the situation simulation research method. Taking the stocks of Hon Hai (2317) and TSMC (2330) as the research object, it will use the decision tree method to sort out the transaction costs of the relevant investment tools, and the rewards and losses are large and small. The calculation results show that the transaction costs of individual stock futures are lower than the current stock and current stock financing, and the stock price will invest 25% of the individual stock futures during the period of rising or falling stock price. Whether the remuneration or risk is better than the current stock, the individual stock futures will be paid 50% or 100% of the funds. Risks are better than current stock financing. Current stocks are lagging behind individual stock futures and current stock financing, but losses are smaller than current stock financing.
Evans, Christopher Charles. "The operating costs of taxing the capital gains of individuals : a comparative study of Australia and the UK, with particular reference to the compliance costs of certain tax design features /." 2003. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20050616.145059/index.html.