Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coupling with floating object

Academic literature on the topic 'Coupling with floating object'

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Published: 22 June 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Coupling with floating object"

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Huang, Panfeng, Yangsheng Xu, and Bin Liang. "Dynamic Balance Control of Multi-Arm Free-Floating Space Robots." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/5797.

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This paper investigates the problem of the dynamic balance control of multi-arm free-floating space robot during capturing an active object in close proximity. The position and orientation of space base will be affected during the operation of space manipulator because of the dynamics coupling between the manipulator and space base. This dynamics coupling is unique characteristics of space robot system. Such a disturbance will produce a serious impact between the manipulator hand and the object. To ensure reliable and precise operation, we propose to develop a space robot system consisting of two arms, with one arm (mission arm) for accomplishing the capture mission, and the other one (balance arm) compensating for the disturbance of the base. We present the coordinated control concept for balance of the attitude of the base using the balance arm. The mission arm can move along the given trajectory to approach and capture the target with no considering the disturbance from the coupling of the base. We establish a relationship between the motion of two arm that can realize the zeros reaction to the base. The simulation studies verified the validity and efficiency of the proposed control method.
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Lai, Bin Bin, Cheng Bi Zhao, Xiao Ming Chen, You Hong Tang, and Wei Lin. "A Novel Structural Form of Semi-Submersible Platform for a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine with Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.109.

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With the mature of floating offshore wind turbine technology, floating wind farm building in the deep sea becomes an inevitable trend. In the design of floating offshore wind turbine, the change of structural form is the main factor influencing hydrodynamic performance. This research, taking a typical sea condition in China's coastal areas as the object of study, designs a novel semi-submersible foundation for NREL 5 MW offshore wind turbine in 200 m deep water. In the design, deep-draft buoys structures are used to reduce the force of waves on the floating offshore, while damping structures are used to optimize the stability of wind turbine and reduce the heave amplitude. By means of numerical simulation method, the hydrodynamic performance of semi-submersible support is studied. Meanwhile, the response amplitude operators (RAOs) and the wave response motions of platform are calculated. The results in time domain indicate that the floating wind turbine system can keep safe and survive in the harsh sea condition, coupling wind, waves and currents. It is showed that the designed semi-submersible support of platform has excellent hydrodynamic performance. This change of structural form may serve as a reference on the development of offshore wind floating platform.
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Suo, Chunguang, Mingxing He, Guoqiong Zhou, Xinghua Shi, Xiangyu Tan, and Wenbin Zhang. "Research on Non-Invasive Floating Ground Voltage Measurement and Calibration Method." Electronics 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081858.

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Voltage measurement is an important part of power system operation, and non-intrusive voltage sensors have the advantages of low insulation difficulty, simple structure, easy loading and unloading, and high construction safety, which have become a new direction for voltage measurement. Based on the principle of electric field coupling, this paper constructs a non-intrusive floating ground three-capacitance voltage measurement model, which can complete the accurate measurement of voltage without connecting with the line to be measured and the earth in the measurement process. In non-intrusive voltage measurement, the change of the object to be measured or the measurement environment will cause the change of the coupling capacitance, which leads to the uncertainty of the transmission relationship of the sensor and the large error of measurement results. In order to solve this problem, a new method of sensor calibration is proposed in this paper. By sampling capacitance in parallel between two electrodes of the sensor, changing the capacitance value, and establishing an input output equation, the coupling capacitance value and the voltage value to be measured under different operating conditions are solved. In addition, the sampling capacitance is often several orders of magnitude larger than the sensor’s own capacitance, making the sensor’s voltage division ratio significantly higher and more conducive to the measurement of high voltages. The experimental results show that the measurement error is less than 2%, which verifies the feasibility of the method and the accuracy of the voltage measurement.
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Xue, Xiangzhen, Jian Liu, Jipeng Jia, Siwei Yang, and Yifan Li. "Simulation and Verification of Involute Spline Tooth Surface Wear before and after Carburizing Based on Energy Dissipation Method." Machines 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11010078.

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This work studies the tooth surface wear of floating involute spline couplings. Based on the energy dissipation method, this study takes the floating involute spline couplings as the research object, divides the whole wear cycle into three wear stages and analyzes its wear mechanism, and proposes a wear prediction model suitable for floating involute spline couplings. By using Abaqus, the simulation of the involute spline couplings before and after carburizing was carried out when the floating distance was 0 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. The wear depth of each tooth was compared and analyzed, and the axial and radial distributions of the wear on the tooth surface of the involute spline couplings were explored. Finally, the floating involute spline couplings test bench was used to verify the spline wear before and after carburizing. The results show that with the increase in floating distance, the wear of the tooth surface also increases, and the upper edge of the tooth surface is seriously worn. Through the comparative analysis of the spline tooth surface wear before and after carburizing treatment, it can be seen that carburizing treatment can effectively reduce the wear degree of the spline couplings tooth surface and improve the service life of the spline couplings, but at a high floating distance, carburizing treatment has no significant effect on improving the performance of the tooth surface.
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Du, Nei Juan, Yue Guo Shen, and Jun Hai Zhang. "The Dynamic Response Analysis of the Multi-Body System with Floating Base Based on the ADAMS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 574 (July 2014): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.574.58.

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The dynamic response analysis of the multi-body system with floating base includes the interaction between bodies and flow field as well as the one inside the multi-body system, which needs to use both the time-domain theory about the interaction between the object and the flow field and the method of multi-body system dynamics. With the growing complexity of the upper body, the multi-body system with floating base, whose generalized modeling and analysis become an inevitable trend.Using ADAMS(Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System) for multi-body system dynamics analysis has unique advantages. It integrates modeling, solving and visualization technology. It also can realize automatically statics, kinematics and dynamics analysis. In this paper, the feasibility of ADAMS software and some related key issues are discussed, including the system architecture, fluid force analysis, fluid-structure coupling calculation module and ADAMS multi-body dynamics analysis module of data generation and transmission, etc.
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Chang, Zongyu, Yang Zhang, Zhongqiang Zheng, Lin Zhao, and Kunfan Shen. "Dynamics Simulation of Grasping Process of Underwater Vehicle-Manipulator System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101131.

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Underwater vehicle-manipulator system (UVMS) can be applied to fulfill different complex underwater tasks such as grasping, drilling, sampling, etc. It is widely used in the field of oceanographic research, marine exploration, military, and commercial applications. In this paper, the dynamic simulation of UVMS is presented in the process of grasping an object. First, the dynamic model of UVMS, which considers the change of the load of manipulator when the end effector of manipulator grasps the object, is developed. To compare different conditions, numerical simulation of grasping processes without/with vehicle attitude control are carried out. The simulation results show that the coupling dynamics between the vehicle and the manipulator in the grasping process are clearly illustrated. It deteriorates the positioning accuracy of the end effector of the manipulator and is harmful to underwater precision operations. The tracking position error of end effector without vehicle control is large and UVMS cannot complete the grasping task under this condition. Vehicle control can compensate the motion of the vehicle due to the coupling effect caused by the motion of the manipulator. This study will contribute to underwater operation mission for UVMS with floating base.
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Ji, Hong, Jie Guo, Gao Zhang, Ke Yang, Juncheng Jiang, Yaxin Wang, Zhixiang Xing, and Haipu Bi. "Multi-Factor Coupling Analysis of Porous Leakage in Underwater Gas Pipelines." Processes 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041259.

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Natural gas pipeline leaks under the sea will have a significant negative effect on the marine ecosystem, result in significant financial losses, and possibly even harm marine floating objects. The VOF (Volume of Fluid) multi-phase flow model is used to numerically simulate and study the diffusion process of porous leakage in submarine gas pipelines. Experiments confirmed the model’s correctness and dependability. Based on this, the coupling effect and the porous effect of the leakage velocity, the size of the leaked pore, and water velocity of the natural gas pipelines on the diffusion of porous leakage in the submarine gas pipelines are analyzed with the test scheme designed by the orthogonal test method. The similarity principle is used to connect the leakage model with the actual application. The results show that three factors, namely, the leakage velocity, the size of leaked pore, and the water velocity, influence the shape of the air mass, the time when the gas reaches the sea surface, and the diffusion range. The size of the leakage hole and the leakage velocity have a substantial impact on the form of the air mass and the amount of time it takes for the gas to reach the sea surface, while the water velocity has no effect. Additionally, while there is essentially little impact from the leakage velocity, the size of the leaky pore and the water velocity have a significant impact on the diffusion range. Furthermore, the porous effect between leaky pores has a significant impact on the gas diffusion range. This study can serve as a guide for risk assessment and emergency decision-making regarding a submarine gas pipeline leak.
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Zhang, Qingyun, and Xinhua Zhao. "Inverse Dynamics Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Multi-Flexible-Body Spatial Parallel Manipulators." Electronics 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092038.

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Taking a spatial parallel robot with flexible joints and links as the research object, a dynamic modeling method for a multi-flexible-body robot system is proposed. Its effectiveness is verified by comparing the numerical model with a simulation model. (1) Background: The elastic deformation of the flexible joints and links in the multi-flexible-body spatial parallel robot under high-speed operation and the coupling effect between the flexible and the rigid components substantially affect the system stability and trajectory accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the dynamic characteristics of multi-flexible-body robot systems by establishing accurate dynamic models. (2) Methods: First, the finite element method was used to discretize the flexible joints and links. Subsequently, according to the floating frame of the reference coordinate method, the deformation coordinates of the flexible joints and links were described. The first six modal information were retained to develop a dynamic model considering the coupling effect between the flexible joint and rigid link and between the flexible joint and link. Second, a dynamic model of the end-effector with small displacement changes was established according to the coordination matrix. Furthermore, a dynamic model of rigid links was established based on the vector method and combined with the higher-order dynamic model of flexible joints and links to form the dynamic model of multi-flexible-body kinematic chains. Finally, the dynamic model of the three kinematic chains was assembled with that of the end-effector to obtain an accurate dynamic model of the multi-flexible-body robot systems. (3) Results: The motion trajectory of the multi-flexible-body robot floats around the fully rigid spatial parallel robot in a certain range. Its range of travel in the x, y, and z directions was 0 to 3.14, 0 to 4.06, and 0 to 0.483 mm, respectively. With increasing angular velocity, the maximum absolute amplitude of the driving torque of each branch chain also increases, whereas its motion trend remains unchanged. (4) Conclusions: The proposed dynamic modeling method and its simulation model for multi-flexible-body robots are correct, which can lay a solid foundation for further control performance analysis.
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Rodríguez-Barrera, M. I., Ch Helling, and K. Wood. "Environmental effects on the ionisation of brown dwarf atmospheres." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832685.

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Context. Brown dwarfs emit bursts of Hα, white-light flares, and show radio flares and quiescent radio emission. They are suggested to form aurorae, similar to planets in the solar system, but much more energetic. All these processes require a source gas with an appropriate degree of ionisation, which, so far, is mostly postulated to be sufficient. Aims. We aim to demonstrate that the Galactic environment influences atmospheric ionisation, and that it hence amplifies or enables the magnetic coupling of the atmospheres of ultra-cool objects, like brown dwarfs and free-floating planets. Methods. We build on our previous work on thermal ionisation of ultra-cool atmospheres and explore the effect of environmental high-energy radiation on the degree of ionisation in the atmosphere. We consider the effect of photoionisation by Lyman-continuum radiation in three different environments: in the interstellar radiation field (ISRF), O and B stars in star-forming regions, and in white dwarf companions in binary systems. We apply our Monte Carlo radiation transfer code to investigate the effect of Lyman-continuum photoionisation for prescribed atmosphere structures for very low-mass objects. Results. The external radiation environment plays an important role for the atmospheric ionisation of very low-mass, ultra-cool objects. Lyman-continuum irradiation greatly increases the level of ionisation in the uppermost atmospheric regions. Our results suggest that a shell of an almost fully ionised atmospheric gas emerges for brown dwarfs in star-forming regions and brown dwarfs in white dwarf binary systems. As a consequence, brown dwarf atmospheres can be magnetically coupled, which is the presumption for chromospheric heating to occur and for aurorae to emerge. First tests for assumed chromosphere-like temperature values suggest that the resulting free-free X-ray luminosities are comparable with those observed from non-accreting brown dwarfs in star-forming regions.
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Xia, Guoqing, Chuang Sun, and Bo Zhao. "Output Feedback Cooperative Dynamic Positioning Control for an Unactuated Floating Object Using Multiple Vessels." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050463.

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This paper proposes an output feedback cooperative dynamic positioning control scheme for an unactuated floating object using multiple vessels under model uncertainties and environmental disturbances. The floating object is connected to multiple vessels through towlines. At first, nonlinear extended state observers are developed for the floating object and vessels to reconstruct the unmeasured velocity and to estimate the model uncertainties and disturbances. Second, observer-based controllers are designed for the floating object and vessels to drive the floating object to track the reference signal and to achieve the cooperative control of multiple vessels, respectively. The salient features of the proposed control scheme are presented as follows. Firstly, by design the object controller, the tracking performance of the object is improved. Secondly, according to the required force of the floating object, the time-varying formation of vessels is obtained by using the towline attachment geometry of the floating object, control allocation and a towline model. It is shown that all signals in closed-loop system are bounded via Lyapunov analysis. Simulation study is carried out to verify the effectiveness of proposed control method.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coupling with floating object"

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Haidar, Ali. "Numerical simulation of nonlinear shallow-water interactions between surface waves and a floating structure." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. https://ged.scdi-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2022UMONS093.

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Dans cette Thèse de Doctorat, nous nous intéressons à deux problématiques: (i) le développement de stratégies de stabilisation pour des méthodes de type discontinuous Galerkin (DG) appliquées à des écoulements shallow-water fortement non-linéaires, (ii) le développement d'une stratégie de modélisation et de simulation numérique des interactions non-linéaires entre les vagues et un objet flottant en surface, partiellement immergé. Les outils développés dans le cadre du premier axe de travail sont mis à profit et valorisés au cours de la deuxième partie.Les méthodes de discrétisation de type DG d'ordre élevé présentent en général des problèmes de robustesse en présence de singularités de la solution. Ces singularités peuvent être de plusieurs natures: discontinuité de la solution, discontinuité du gradient ou encore violation de la positivité de la hauteur d'eau pour des écoulements à surface libre. Nous introduisons dans la première partie de ce manuscript deux approches de type Finite-Volume Subcells permettant d'apporter une réponse à ces problèmes de robustesse. La première approche repose sur une correction a priori du schéma DG associée à un limiteur TVB et un limiteur de positivité. La seconde approche s'appuie quant à elle sur une correction a posteriori permettant d'identifier avec une meilleure précision les cellules incriminée, ainsi que sur les propriétés de robustesse inhérentes au schéma Volumes-Finis limite d'ordre un. Cette seconde approche permet d'assurer la robustesse du schéma DG initial en présence de discontinuité, ainsi que la positivité de la hauteur d'eau, tout en préservant une excellente qualité d'approximation, bénéficiant d'une résolution de l'ordre de la sous-maille. De façon préliminaire, cette seconde approche est également étendue au cas de la dimension deux d'espace horizontal. De nombreux cas-test permettent de valider cette approche.Dans la seconde partie, nous introduisons une nouvelle stratégie numérique conçue pour la modélisation et la simulation des interactions non linéaires entre les vagues en eau peu profonde et un objet flottant partiellement immergé. Au niveau continu, l'écoulement situé dans le domaine extérieur est globalement modélisé par les équations hyperboliques non-linéaires de Saint-Venant, tandis que la description de l'écoulement sous l'objet se réduit à une équation différentielle ordinaire non linéaire. Le couplage entre l'écoulement et l'objet est formulé comme un problème au bord, associé au calcul de l'évolution temporelle de la position des points d'interface air-eau-objet. Au niveau discret, la formulation proposée s'appuie sur une approximation DG d'ordre arbitraire, stabilisée à l'aide de la méthode de correction locale des sous-cellules (a posteriori) introduite dans la première partie. L'évolution temporelle de l'interface air-eau-objet est calculée à partir d'une description Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) et d'une transformation appropriée entre la configuration initiale et celle dépendant du temps. Pour n'importe quel ordre d'approximation polynomiale, l'algorithme résultant est capable de: (1) préserver la loi de conservation géométrique discrète (DGCL), (2) garantir la préservation de la positivité de la hauteur d'eau au niveau des sous-cellules, (3) préserver la classe des états stationnaires au repos (well-balancing), éventuellement en présence d'un objet partiellement immergé.Plusieurs validations numériques sont présentées, montrant le caractère opératoire de cette approche, et mettant en évidence que le modèle numérique proposé: (1) permet effectivement de modéliser les différents types d'interactions vague / objet flottants, (2) calcul efficacement l' évolution temporelle des points de contact air-eau-objet et redéfinit en conséquence le nouveau maillage grâce à la méthode ALE, (3) gère avec précision et robustesse les possibles singularités de l'écoulement, (4) préserve la haute résolution des schémas DG au niveau des sous-cellules
In this Ph.D., we investigate two main research problems: (i) the design of stabilization patches for higher-order discontinuous-Galerkin (DG) methods applied to highly nonlinear free-surface shallow-water flows, (ii) the construction of a new numerical approximation strategy for the simulation of nonlinear interactions between waves in a free-surface shallow flow and a partly immersed floating object. The stabilization methods developed in the first research line are used in the second part of this work.High-order discontinuous-Galerkin (DG) methods generally suffer from a lack of nonlinear stability in the presence of singularities in the solution. Such singularities may be of various kinds, involving discontinuities, rapidly varying gradients or the occurence of dry areas in the particular case of free-surface flows. In the first part of this work, we introduce two new stabilization methods based on the use of Finite-Volume Subcells in order to alleviate these robustness issues. The first method relies on an a priori limitation of the DG scheme, together with the use of a TVB slope-limiter and a PL. The second one is built upon an a posteriori correction strategy, allowing to surgically detect the incriminated local subcells, together with the robustness properties of the corresponding lowest-order Finite-Volume scheme. This last strategy allows to ensure the nonlinear stability of the DG scheme in the vicinity of discontinuities, as well as the positivity of the discrete water-height, while preserving the subcell resolution of the initial scheme. This second strategy is also preliminary investigated in the two dimensional horizontal case. An extensive set of test-cases assess the validity of this approach.In the second part, we introduce a new numerical strategy designed for the modeling and simulation of nonlinear interactions between surface waves in shallow-water and a partially immersed surface piercing object. At the continuous level, the flow located in the textit{exterior} domain is globally modeled with the nonlinear hyperbolic shallow-water equations, while the description of the flow beneath the object reduces to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The coupling between the flow and the object is formulated as a free-boundary problem, associated with the computation of the time evolution of the spatial locations of the air-water-body interface. At the discrete level, the proposed formulation relies on an arbitrary-order discontinuous Galerkin approximation, which is stabilized with the a posteriori Local Subcell Correction method through low-order finite volume scheme introduced in the first part. The time evolution of the air-water-body interface is computed from an Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description and a suitable smooth mapping between the original frame and the current configuration. For any order of polynomial approximation, the resulting algorithm is shown to: (1) preserves the Discrete Geometric Conservation Law, (2) ensures the preservation of the water-height positivity at the subcell level, (3) preserves the class of motionless steady states (well-balancing), possibly with the occurrence of a partially immersed object.Several numerical computations and test-cases are presented, highlighting that the proposed numerical model(1) effectively allows to model all types of wave / object interactions, (2) efficiently provides the time-evolution of the air-water-body contact points and accordingly redefine the new mesh-grid thanks to ALE method (3) accurately handles strong flow singularities without any robustness issues, (4) retains the highly accurate subcell resolution of discontinuous Galerkin schemes
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Shim, Sangyun. "Coupled dynamic analysis of floating offshore wind farms." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2564.

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Robert, Joël. "Autonomous capture of a free-floating object using a predictive approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19257.

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In the past decades, autonomous on-orbit servicing has become a priority for the space industry. One important application is refueling and servicing of satellites. This type of operation requires a system capable of autonomously capturing the client satellite, which is a free-floating object. In this work, a robotic manipulator is used for the interception task. The latter is divided in two phases : the approach and the capture. In the first phase, the pose of the client is estimated and its future trajectory predicted from visual data through a Kalman filter. This information is combined with the robot motion time from a trajectory generator in an iterative procedure to determine the time-optimal interception location. The trajectory of the manipulator is generated from a concatenation of quintics defining the acceleration profile. The robot desired configuration for capture is calculated using the concept of redundancy parameter. In the second phase of the interception, a close-range tracking algorithm is used for fine alignment and capture. The development of the complete interception scheme, simulation and experimental results are presented in this thesis, the latter obtained with the robot-airship facility in the Aerospace Mechatronics Laboratory.
Au cours des dernières décennies, l'utilisation de systèmes autonomes afin d'accomplir des tâches en orbite a reçu de plus en plus d'attention de la part de l'industrie aerospaciale. Le ravitaillement, la mise à jour et la réparation de satellites en orbite représente deux applications intéressantes de cette approche. De telles opérations requièrent un system capable de capturer un satellite défectueux (le client) de façon autonome. Dans le cas présent, un bras manipulateur robotisé est utilisé afin d'intercepter le client. L'interception se divise en deux parties distinctes : l'approche et la capture. La première phase consiste à estimer la pose et la trajectoire future du client à l'aide des données provenant d'un système de vision et d'un filtre de Kalman. Le lieu optimal où l'interception aura lieu est ensuite choisie par iteration en tenant compte des données du filtre et de celles du générateur de trajectoire du robot. Cet dernière est créée par la concaténation de polynômes du cinquième degrée définissant la courbe d'accélération des joints. Lors de la seconde phase, un algorithme de pistage est utilisé afin d'obtenir un alignment plus précis et de capturer le client. Cette thèse présente les détails de la méthode d'interception et expose les résultats de simulations numériques et d'expériences. Les résultats expérimentaux ont été obtenues à l'aide d'un bras manipulateur et d'un ballon à l'hélium imitant la trajectoire d'un satellite dans l'espace.
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Aliyar, Sithik. "Extreme wave interaction with fixed and floating structures using hybrid coupling approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0047.

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La thèse vise à étudier l’efficacité et la précision des solveurs NS et SWENSE pour simuler des structures fixes et flottantes. Les deux solveurs sont basés sur OpenFOAM et sont couplés indépendamment avec HOS pour la générationd’onde en termes de domaine et d’approche de décomposition fonctionnelle. Les solveurs sont testés pour trois applications. Les première et deuxième applications présentent l’interaction d’ondes de focalisation avec des cylindresfixes et mobiles et la troisième est l’interaction d’ondes régulières et irrégulières avec la sousstructure de type OC3 Hywind SPAR. Les méthodes et paramètres de génération d’ondes pour les solveurs NS et SWENSE sont discutés endétail pour les ondes régulières, irrégulières et focalisées. Pour vérification, l’incertitude du cas est quantifiée à l’aide de l’approche d’extrapolation de Richardson et validée avec les mesures expérimentales. Une réduction significative de lataille du maillage est prévue dans les deux approches. Pour l’étude de l’interaction des ondes de corps flottant, les amarres sont modélisées de deux façons : en considérant les lignes d’amarrage comme un ressort linéaire avec une raideur de ressort définie et un couplage avec un modèle d’amarrage dynamique (MoorDyn). Les résultats numériques de l’élévation de surface, des mouvements du corps et des tensions d’amarrage sont validés par rapport aux expériences menées dans le projet SOFTWIND, et l’efficacité et la précision des deux solveurs sont comparées
The thesis aims to study the effectiveness and accuracy of the NS and SWENSEbased solvers for simulating fixed and floating structures. Both solvers are OpenFOAM-based and are independently coupled with HOS for wave generation in terms of domain and functional decomposition approach. The solvers are tested for three applications. The first and second applications present the focusing wave interaction with fixed and moving cylinders and the third is the interaction of regular and irregular waves with the OC3 Hywind SPAR type substructure. The wave generating methods and parametersfor NS and SWENSE solvers are discussed in detail for regular, irregular, and focused waves. For verification, the case’s uncertainty is quantified using the Richardson extrapolation approach and validated with the experimental measurements.A significant reduction in the mesh size is predicted in both approaches. For the floating body wave interaction study, the moorings are modelled in two ways: by considering the mooring lines as a linear spring with defined spring stiffnessand coupling with a dynamic mooring model (MoorDyn). The numerical results of surface elevation, body motions, and mooring tensions are validated against the experiments carried out in the SOFTWIND project, and the efficiency andaccuracy of the two solvers are compared
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Symes, Edward Michael. "The coupling of perception and action in representation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1741.

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This thesis examines how the objects that we visually perceive in the world are coupled to the actions that we make towards them. For example, a whole hand grasp might be coupled with an object like an apple, but not with an object like a pea. It has been claimed that the coupling of what we see and what we do is not simply associative, but is fundamental to the way the brain represents visual objects. More than association, it is thought that when an object is seen (even if there is no intention to interact with it), there is a partial and automatic activation of the networks in the brain that plan actions (such as reaches and grasps). The central aim of this thesis was to investigate how specific these partial action plans might be, and how specific the properties of objects that automatically activate them might be. In acknowledging that perception and action are dynamically intertwining processes (such that in catching a butterfly the eye and the hand cooperate with a fluid and seamless efficiency), it was supposed that these couplings of perception and action in the brain might be loosely constrained. That is, they should not be rigidly prescribed (such that a highly specific action is always and only coupled with a specific object property) but they should instead involve fairly general components of actions that can adapt to different situations. The experimental work examined the automatic coupling of simplistic left and right actions (e.g. key presses) to pictures of oriented objects. Typically a picture of an object was shown and the viewer responded as fast as possible to some object property that was not associated with action (such as its colour). Of interest was how the performance of these left or right responses related to the task irrelevant left or right orientation of the object. The coupling of a particular response to a particular orientation could be demonstrated by the response performance (speed and accuracy). The more tightly coupled a response was to a particular object orientation, the faster and more accurate it was. The results supported the idea of loosely constrained action plans. Thus it appeared that a range of different actions (even foot responses) could be coupled with an object's orientation. These actions were coupled by default to an object's X-Z orientation (e.g. orientation in the depth plane). In further reflecting a loosely constrained perception-action mechanism, these couplings were shown to change in different situations (e.g. when the object moved towards the viewer, or when a key press made the object move in a predictable way). It was concluded that the kinds of components of actions that are automatically activated when viewing an object are not very detailed or fixed, but are initially quite general and can change and become more specific when circumstances demand it.
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Baig, Imran. "Measuring Cohesion and Coupling of Object-Oriented Systems Derivation and Mutual Study of Cohesion and Coupling." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6010.

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Cohesion and coupling are considered amongst the most important properties to evaluate the quality of a design. In the context of OO software development, cohesion means relatedness of the public functionality of a class whereas coupling stands for the degree of dependence of a class on other classes in OO system. In this thesis, a new metric has been proposed that measures the class cohesion on the basis of relative relatedness of the public methods to the overall public functionality of a class. The proposed metric for class cohesion uses a new concept of subset tree to determine relative relatedness of the public methods to the overall public functionality of a class. A set of metrics has been proposed for measuring class coupling based on three types of UML relationships, namely association, inheritance and dependency. The reasonable metrics to measure cohesion and coupling are supposed to share the same set of input data. Sharing of input data by the metrics encourages the idea for the existence of mutual relationships between them. Based on potential relationships research questions have been formed. An attempt is made to find answers of these questions with the help of an experiment on OO system FileZilla. Mutual relationships between class cohesion and class coupling have been analyzed statistically while considering OO metrics for size and reuse. Relationships among the pairs of metrics have been discussed and results are drawn in accordance with observed correlation coefficients. A study on Software evolution with the help of class cohesion and class coupling metrics has also been performed and observed trends have been analyzed.
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Biller, Beth A., Johanna Vos, Esther Buenzli, Katelyn Allers, Mickaël Bonnefoy, Benjamin Charnay, Bruno Bézard, et al. "Simultaneous Multiwavelength Variability Characterization of the Free-floating Planetary-mass Object PSO J318.5−22." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627034.

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We present simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3+Spitzer IRAC variability monitoring for the highly variable young (similar to 20 Myr) planetary-mass object PSO J318.5-22. Our simultaneous HST + Spitzer observations covered approximately two rotation periods with Spitzer and most of a rotation period with the HST. We derive a period of 8.6. +/-. 0.1 hr from the Spitzer light curve. Combining this period with the measuredvsinifor this object, we find an inclination of 56 degrees.2. +/-. 8 degrees.1. We measure peak-to-trough variability amplitudes of 3.4%. +/-. 0.1% for Spitzer Channel 2 and 4.4%-5.8% (typical 68% confidence errors of similar to 0.3%) in the near-IR bands (1.07-1.67 mu m) covered by the WFC3 G141 prism-the mid-IR variability amplitude for PSO J318.5-22 is one of the highest variability amplitudes measured in the mid-IR for any brown dwarf or planetary-mass object. Additionally, we detect phase offsets ranging from 200 degrees to 210 degrees (typical error of similar to 4 degrees) between synthesized near-IR light curves and the Spitzer mid-IR light curve, likely indicating depth-dependent longitudinal atmospheric structure in this atmosphere. The detection of similar variability amplitudes in wide spectral bands relative to absorption features suggests that the driver of the variability may be inhomogeneous clouds (perhaps a patchy haze layer over thick clouds), as opposed to hot spots or compositional inhomogeneities at the top-of-atmosphere level.
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Almugrin, Saleh A. "DEFINITIONS AND VALIDATIONS OF METRICS OF INDIRECT PACKAGE COUPLING IN AN AGILE, OBJECT-ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1436828087.

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Gray, Christopher L. Janzen David. "A coupling-complexity metric suite for predicting software quality : a thesis /." [San Luis Obispo, Calif. : California Polytechnic State University], 2008. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/14/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2008.
Major professor: David Janzen, Ph.D. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Computer Science." "June 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-62). Also available online. Also available on microfiche (1 sheet).
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Feld, Adam. "Haptic Affordance: Where affordances and haptics blend: a study in feedback and object recognition." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367923917.

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Books on the topic "Coupling with floating object"

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Masciola, Marco. Investigation of a FAST-OrcaFlex coupling module for integrating turbine and mooring dynamics of offshore floating wind turbines: Preprint. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2011.

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The C programmer's handbook. [Murray Hill, N.J.]: AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1985.

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Panfilov, Anatoliy, Vladimir Mayorov, and Aleksey Sumachev. Countering illegal archaeological activity in the Russian Federation: issues of legal regulation and law enforcement. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1894394.

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Taking into account the latest changes in legislation, the monograph examines the norms of administrative-tort and criminal legislation providing for administrative and criminal liability for illegal archaeological activities in the Russian Federation. According to the author, the emerging judicial practice in Russia in cases of administrative offenses provided for in Articles 7.15, 7.15.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, and criminal cases of a crime provided for in Article 243.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation raises many questions, which requires further improvement of Russian legislation in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects. The author suggests a number of innovations that could be taken into account when developing a law on archaeological heritage sites and on improving the relevant protective norms. Special attention is paid to the analysis of norms-definitions that reveal the content of the basic concepts: "archaeological heritage object", "archaeological objects", "cultural layer". The necessity of abandoning the "floating" age criterion (at least one hundred years old), fixed in the Federal Law "On Objects of Cultural Heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation", is substantiated. Instead of the age criterion, it is proposed to introduce the concept of "archaeological epoch" into legal circulation. The content of the concepts is also revealed: "illegal search and seizure of archaeological objects from the archaeological cultural layer", "archaeological cultural layer", "damage to the archaeological cultural layer", "destruction of the archaeological cultural layer". It is intended for scientists and practitioners, law enforcement officials, public authorities and local self-government, teachers, graduate students and students of law schools and faculties, historians, as well as anyone interested in the legal protection of archaeological heritage sites.
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Nakov, Svetlin. Fundamentals of Computer Programming with C#: The Bulgarian C# Book. Sofia, Bulgaria: Svetlin Nakov, 2013.

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Foxies and the Mysterious Floating Object. Infinity Kids Press, 2018.

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Escudier, Marcel. Hydrostatic force exerted on a submerged surface. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0005.

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In this chapter it is shown how to calculate the force which arises due to the hydrostatic pressure distributed over a submerged surface or object. The vertical component of force is shown to be equal in magnitude to the weight of fluid which would occupy the volume directly above the surface and to act vertically downwards through the centroid of this volume. For a curved surface, the magnitude of the horizontal component of the hydrostatic force is shown to equal the hydrostatic force on the projection of the surface onto a vertical plane. This force is equal to the product of the area of the surface and the pressure at its centroid. The buoyancy force exerted on a submerged or floating object is shown to equal the weight of the fluid displaced by the object (Archimedes’ principle) and to act vertically upwards through the centroid of the displaced fluid. Stability of floating objects is discussed and the concept of metacentric height introduced.
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Parsons, Laurel, and Brenda Ravenscroft. Amy Beach, “Phantoms,” Op. 15, No. 2 (1892). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190237028.003.0010.

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With “Phantoms,” the second solo piano piece from her Four Sketches op. 15 (1892), American composer Amy Beach adopts a “strategic” approach to tonality that manipulates formal, harmonic, and linear closure. The analysis presented in this chapter demonstrates, through a close reading of the phrase structure, harmonic vocabulary, textures, motivic design, and voice leading of the piece, Beach’s aptitude for tonal obfuscation, which she employs to convey a sense of the epigraph she borrowed from Victor Hugo: “Toutes fragiles fleurs, sitôt que nées” (“Such fragile flowers, as soon as they are born”). The melody she constructs is indeed fragile, floating as it does over various “misharmonizations,” and including not one but two gaps in its descent from ‸5 to the tonic. By avoiding explicit melodic reference to ‸4 and ‸2 and making abundant use of registral coupling, Beach compellingly captures the ethereal quality of the flowers described by Hugo.
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Book chapters on the topic "Coupling with floating object"

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Wei, Zhao-Yi, Dah-Jye Lee, David Jilk, and Robert Schoenberger. "Motion Projection for Floating Object Detection." In Advances in Visual Computing, 152–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76856-2_15.

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Schreyjak, Stefan. "Coupling of Workflow and Component—Oriented Systems." In Object-Oriented Technologys, 364–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69687-3_74.

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Dickinson, Jennet Elizabeth. "Object Reconstruction." In ATLAS Measurements of the Higgs Boson Coupling to the Top Quark in the Higgs to Diphoton Decay Channel, 45–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86368-5_4.

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Ćatipović, I., L. Ilić, A. Mikulić, and D. Smoljan. "Seakeeping assessment of a floating object with installed photovoltaic system." In Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies, 217–28. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003358961-28.

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de Lataillade, Tristan, Aggelos Dimakopoulos, Chris Kees, and Lars Johanning. "A Coupling Strategy for Modelling Dynamics of Moored Floating Structures." In Advanced Numerical Modelling of Wave Structure Interactions, 203–47. First edition. 1 Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351119542-8.

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Ravindran, E., and S. C. Hui. "Coupling object orientation & deduction — A modelling perspective." In Concurrency and Parallelism, Programming, Networking, and Security, 355–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0027816.

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Wahler, Ksenia, and Jochen M. Küster. "Predicting Coupling of Object-Centric Business Process Implementations." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 148–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85758-7_13.

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Furumoto, Takuro, Yutaro Toide, Masahiro Fujiwara, Yasutoshi Makino, and Hiroyuki Shinoda. "Encounter-Type Haptic Feedback System Using an Acoustically Manipulated Floating Object." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 183–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3194-7_40.

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Ray, Kumar S. "Pattern Classification Based on New Interpretation of MFI and Floating Point Genetic Algorithm." In Soft Computing Approach to Pattern Classification and Object Recognition, 61–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5348-2_4.

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Nandedkar, A. V., and P. K. Biswas. "Object Recognition Using Reflex Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network with Floating Neurons." In Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 597–609. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11949619_53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coupling with floating object"

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Veldman, Arthur E. P., Henk Seubers, Peter van der Plas, and Joop Helder. "Free-Surface Flow Simulations With Interactively Moving Bodies." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61175.

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The simulation of free-surface flow around moored or floating objects faces a series of challenges, concerning the flow modelling and the numerical solution method. One of the challenges is the simulation of objects whose dynamics is determined by a two-way interaction with the incoming waves. The ‘traditional’ way of numerically coupling the flow dynamics with the dynamics of a floating object becomes unstable (or requires severe underrelaxation) when the added mass is larger than the mass of the object. To deal with this two-way interaction, a more simultaneous type of numerical coupling is being developed. The paper will focus on this issue. To demonstrate the quasi-simultaneous method, a number of simulation results for engineering applications from the offshore industry will be presented, such as the motion of a moored TLP platform in extreme waves, and a free-fall life boat dropping into wavy water.
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Wang, Xue-gang, Zong-quan Ying, and Ze-cong Chen. "The Analysis of the Joint Limitation Condition of Wave Height-Period on the Floating Crane Lifting Operation." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96461.

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Abstract Considering the influence of wave period on the motion of ship, the hydrodynamic model of the floating crane-lifting objects coupling system is built. This model can calculate the motion response of floating crane and lifting object under wave conditions with different wave heights and periods. And it takes stability and sea-keeping of ship, personnel comfort as well as safety of equipment into full account. By comparing swing amplitude and acceleration amplitude of the floating crane and the lifting object, the limit working condition including both wave height and period for hoisting operation of the floating crane is determined. The method for limitation operation condition analysis of the floating crane not only offers calculating foundation for the construction operating adaptability of the engineering ship and the allowable working time window of the construction sea area, but also provides a new technical approach to the arrangement for the construction plan.
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Higashida, Kyohei, Teppei Yamada, Takuya Tsuji, and Toshitsugu Tanaka. "A Numerical Model for the Motion of Large Non-Spherical Object in Fluidized Bed." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-32744.

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In practical application of fluidized beds, large solids coexist with small solids. Tsuji et al. (AIChE J., 60(5), pp. 1606–1620, 2014) proposed a numerical model which expresses the behavior of flows including dense solid objects with large size difference based on the DEM-CFD coupling method. In the present study, the model is extended to represent the non-sphericity of large objects by adding a multi-sphere model. Firstly, we perform validation study in a mm-size bubbling fluidized bed and confirm qualitative agreements between the numerical model and the experiment. After that, sinking and floating motion of a large non-spherical object in a fluidized bed are numerically investigated in detail.
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Woeckner, Katja, Withold Drazyk, and Thomas Rung. "An Efficient VOF-Based RANS Method to Capture Complex Sea States." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20674.

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Viscous seakeeping and manoeuvring simulations are becoming more important for an investigation of intact and damage conditions of ships exposed to extreme sea-states. The computational effort for RANS-based viscous seaway simulations is still prohibitive and reduces the possible fields of industrial applications. The limitations are associated to cumbersome grid requirements which restrain the flexibility and enhance the computational costs. The requirements follow from the aim to accurately predict the wave propagation towards the floating object and concurrently suppress wave reflections at the outlet boundary. To overcome these difficulties, a simple viscous/inviscid-coupling approach is suggested. Therein, the viscous RANS method is implicitly forced to comply with a prescribed invis-cid solution towards the far-field boundaries. Employing consistent boundary conditions at all far-field boundaries, the method facilitates the use of small domains and allows to investigate the behaviour of floating objects exposed to time-variable wave-field directions. Selected 2D and 3D examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the approach.
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Heilskov, Nicolai F., and Ole Svenstrup Petersen. "Non-Linear 3D Hydrodynamics of Floating Wind Turbine Compared Against Wave Tank Tests." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-55090.

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Assessment of wave-structure interaction in terms of combined hydrodynamic stability and structural survivability is paramount in extreme wave conditions. Components of CFD methodologies needed for accurately capturing the detailed motion of a floating wind turbine (FWT) in survival sea-state is the focus of the study. Physical wave tank tests of a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) concept with four moorings are applied as a first validation, due to its simplicity from a CFD point of view. Two different codes have been objects of study, namely the open source code OpenFOAM® with a flexible mesh approach and the commercial CFD code StarCCM+ with the overset mesh method. The influence of the surface capturing algorithm (VOF method) and the two-way coupling of the six degrees-of-freedom body motion solver and the hydrodynamic solver have been identified as the crucial components in CFD simulation of the FWT. A major advantage of StarCCM+ was that it does not suffer from the same sensitivity as OpenFOAM to the fact that motion of the floating body is strongly coupled to the solution of the hydrodynamics (a stiff FSI problem) which led to instability of the numerical solution. The results obtained with StarCCM+ are comparable with the measured motion of and tension forces on the TLP in both in regular waves and irregular waves.
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Aida, Yasuhiro, Tomoki Ikoma, and Koichi Masuda. "Development of a Simulation System for Estimating the Impact Force of Tsunami Drift Using the Explicit MPS Method." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62244.

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Abstract When a large-scale tsunami occurs, structures in the coastal area will be destroyed by the impact of tsunami drifts. In the design of tsunami evacuation facilities and petroleum complexes, it is necessary to estimate the impact force of tsunami drift, which varies in size, shape and mass. Although some design equations have been proposed to estimate the impact force of tsunami drift, the impact force varies depending on various conditions such as the draft of the tsunami drifts, the attitude of the collision, the condition of the surrounding flow field, and the rigidity of the structure, etc. No reasonable design equation has been developed yet to meet all these conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the impact force of tsunami drift by water tank experiments and numerical simulations. In order to simulate the impact of a tsunami drift on a structure by numerical simulation, it is necessary to solve the coupling of fluid, floating object and structure. In this study, we have developed a simulation system that can simulate the impact force of a tsunami drift with the MPS method, which is a kind of particle method. This simulation system introduces an explicit method for pressure calculation, which allows for relatively large scale numerical calculations. In addition, the system is able to reproduce the deformation of structures as an elastic body due to the impact of tsunami drift. In particular, we have introduced an analytical method that allows us to set the computational time step that satisfy the CFL conditions for elastic and fluid particles, respectively, for stable simulation even when there is a large difference between the velocity of fluid particles and the velocity of structural particles caused by elastic waves. As a result of the comparison of the impact force on the cantilevered beam of the tsunami drift with the simulation and the water tank test, the deformation of the structure at the time of impact was reproduced with more than 90% accuracy.
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Wang, Jiangan, Jiayou Zhang, and Zengjun Ye. "Floating object image treatment based on wavelet." In Photonics China '98, edited by LiWei Zhou and Chung-Sheng Li. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.319701.

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Venkatrayappa, Darshan, Agnès Desolneux, Jean-Michel Hubert, and Josselin Manceau. "Unidentified Floating Object Detection in Maritime Environment." In 17th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010771800003124.

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Motwani, R. "Hierarchical Constrained Coding for Floating-Gate to Floating-Gate Coupling Mitigation in Flash Memory." In 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2011.6134528.

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Wang, Jiangan, Jiayou Zhang, and Zengjun Ye. "Application of wavelet on floating-object image processing." In International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing, edited by Ji Zhou, Anil K. Jain, Tianxu Zhang, Yaoting Zhu, Mingyue Ding, and Jianguo Liu. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.323554.

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Reports on the topic "Coupling with floating object"

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Li, Tao, Xudong Qian, Hongyou Cao, Aziz Merchant, Ains Hussain, Amit Jain, Bernad A. P. Francis, and Ankit Choudhary. FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING AND TEST OF A NOVEL COUPLING ARM CONNECTING TWO FLOATING BODIES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.119.

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Kim, MooHyun. Development of mooring-anchor program in public domain for coupling with floater program for FOWTs (Floating Offshore Wind Turbines). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178273.

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