Journal articles: 'Country-wide factors'

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Mahmud, Khaled, Md Mahbubul Alam Joarder, and Kazi Muheymin-Us-Sakib. "Adoption Factors of FinTech: Evidence from an Emerging Economy Country-Wide Representative Sample." International Journal of Financial Studies 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11010009.

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Adoption factors of Financial Technology (Fintech) services have been the subject of investigation in a growing body of extant literature. Macro-level as well as user-specific factors that contribute to the adoption of customer-facing fintech services have been studied. Emerging market studies mostly considered targeted demographic and socio-economic segments, limiting their ability to reflect a wide spectrum of relevant factors. We conducted a nationwide representative survey of 1282 individuals in Bangladesh. A total of 16 administrative districts from all 8 administrative divisions were included. Addressing sample imbalance with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), we deployed Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) to reduce number of customer features down to the most important. Using Library of Large Linear Classification (LIBLINEAR) for multivariate Logistic Regression, we identified significant features that predict customer-facing fintech adoption among individual respondents. We found that customers were less likely to adopt fintech services if they had higher reported levels of concern with security, information secrecy, limited government control, and high levels of reported service intuitiveness obstacles. Our evidence suggests these concern factors constitute the prominent factor behind fintech adoption, as opposed to demographic variables, for example. Our findings hold insights for fintech services providers and policy makers.

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González-de Paz, Luís, Jordi Real, Alicia Borrás-Santos, José M. Martínez-Sánchez, Virginia Rodrigo-Baños, and María Dolores Navarro-Rubio. "Associations between informal care, disease, and risk factors: A Spanish country-wide population-based study." Journal of Public Health Policy 37, no. 2 (February 11, 2016): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2016.3.

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Yoo, Taeyoung. "Country of Origin and Diners’ Perceptions of a Cuisine: The Moderating Effects of Culinary and Institutional Factors." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 42, no. 3 (January 6, 2015): 420–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348014565026.

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This study examines the roles of country of origin in diners’ perceptions of a cuisine in relation to the moderating effects of culinary and institutional factors. Using the survey data on 247 adults in Seoul, South Korea, this study finds that the country of origin shows substantial impacts on diners’ perceptions of a cuisine. Korea, as a country of origin, functions negatively, whereas China, Japan, and France/Italy assume positive roles. Noteworthy is that the effects of the country of origin are moderated by culinary or institutional factors in accordance with a country’s context. Interestingly, in the case of Korea, where the country’s image is weak, culinary factors, such as menu development, help overcome the negative effects of the country of origin. Therefore, it is proposed that the dynamics underlying country of origin and culinary and institutional factors shape a wide range of formulae to transform diners’ perceptions of a cuisine.

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Case, Bradley S., and Hannah L. Buckley. "Local-scale topoclimate effects on treeline elevations: a country-wide investigation of New Zealand’s southern beech treelines." PeerJ 3 (October 22, 2015): e1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1334.

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Although treeline elevations are limited globally by growing season temperature, at regional scales treelines frequently deviate below their climatic limit. The cause of these deviations relate to a host of climatic, disturbance, and geomorphic factors that operate at multiple scales. The ability to disentangle the relative effects of these factors is currently hampered by the lack of reliable topoclimatic data, which describe how regional climatic characteristics are modified by topographic effects in mountain areas. In this study we present an analysis of the combined effects of local- and regional-scale factors on southern beech treeline elevation variability at 28 study areas across New Zealand. We apply a mesoscale atmospheric model to generate local-scale (200 m) meteorological data at these treelines and, from these data, we derive a set of topoclimatic indices that reflect possible detrimental and ameliorative influences on tree physiological functioning. Principal components analysis of meteorological data revealed geographic structure in how study areas were situated in multivariate space along gradients of topoclimate. Random forest and conditional inference tree modelling enabled us to tease apart the relative effects of 17 explanatory factors on local-scale treeline elevation variability. Overall, modelling explained about 50% of the variation in treeline elevation variability across the 28 study areas, with local landform and topoclimatic effects generally outweighing those from regional-scale factors across the 28 study areas. Further, the nature of the relationships between treeline elevation variability and the explanatory variables were complex, frequently non-linear, and consistent with the treeline literature. To our knowledge, this is the first study where model-generated meteorological data, and derived topoclimatic indices, have been developed and applied to explain treeline variation. Our results demonstrate the potential of such an approach for ecological research in mountainous environments.

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Mertzanis, Charilaos, and Mona Said. "Access to skilled labor, institutions and firm performance in developing countries." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 328–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2017-0301.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of access to skilled labor in explaining firms’ sales growth subject to the controlling influence of a wide range of firm-specific characteristics and country-level economic and non-economic factors. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses a consistent and large firm-level data set from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys that includes 138 developing countries. An instrumental variables model with a GMM estimator is used for estimating the impact of access to skilled labor on firm performance. In order to obtain more robust estimators, the analysis introduces country-level controls reflecting the influence of economic and institutional factors, such as economic and financial development, institutional governance, education and technological progress. Findings The results document a significant and positive association between access to skilled labor and firm performance in the developing world. The explanatory power of access to skilled labor remains broadly robust after controlling for a wide range of firm-specific characteristics: sectoral and geographical influences matter. The results also show that the association between labor skill constraints and firm performance is mitigated by country-level factors but in diverse ways. Development, institutions, education and technological progress exert various mitigating effects on firm-level behavior regarding access to skilled labor. Originality/value The paper’s novel contribution is threefold: first, it uses joint firm, sector and country-level information to analyze the role of access to skilled labor on firm performance; second, it uses consistently produced information at the firm level from 138 developing countries; and, third, it considers the controlling impact of a wide range of country-level factors that reflect a country’s overall development, institutions and evolution.

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Alam, Khurshed. "Poverty reduction through enabling factors." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 14, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-07-2016-0049.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which are instrumental to poverty reduction opposed to many factors that are considered as impediments to poverty reduction in a poor country like Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an outcome of review of literature covered wide range of issues including sectoral contribution to economic growth but none has exclusively dealt with the instrumental role of the poverty reduction factors, insider’s view, long-term observations (1960-2014), and reviews of secondary data. Findings In order to reduce poverty, rather than attempting to change the “culture of poverty,” remove the “structural trap,” or “kin system as poverty trap” it can be achieved through harnessing the enabling factors of poverty reduction. Study argues that rather than focusing on “barriers” to poverty reduction, a country needs to identify and focus on its “potential” factors of poverty reduction. The dominant enabling factors for Bangladesh were agricultural development and remittance. The utilization of land and labor could bring a transformation in the rural economy of Bangladesh which was essential to poverty reduction. Practical implications The study shows that the individuals can escape poverty largely through their own effort where a proper policy support from the government is needed. The state needs to play the facilitating role rather than the instrumental in the case of poverty reduction. Originality/value The paper reveals instruments to poverty reduction where usual practice was to identify the barrier to development and to suggest the means of overcoming those barriers. It suggests how to look into the matter from other way round where instead of identifying the barrier attempt should be made to identify the enabling factors and to harness those enabling factors. The findings are based on the country-specific literatures but not generalized in the form as attempted here. The study shows a means of poverty reduction where country-specific strategy or home-grown model can be drawn out based on the identification of potential factors.

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Smith, R. G., and R. D. J. Mather. "Marketing herbage seeds." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 3 (January 1, 1985): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.3.1985.3309.

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One of the most underrated factors in our pastoral development has been the humble seed. Rarely recognised, it has made a significant contribution in allowing farmers to increase production within the wide range of climatic and fertility environments encountered in our country. But now, the quality of New Zealand pastures is becoming internationally recognised and has been one of the main contributing factors in the development of our country, together with the drive and competence of our farming fraternity and the abundant use of fertiliser.

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Adamopoulos, Tasso, and Diego Restuccia. "The Size Distribution of Farms and International Productivity Differences." American Economic Review 104, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 1667–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.6.1667.

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We study the determinants of differences in farm size across countries and their impact on agricultural and aggregate productivity using a quantitative sectoral model featuring a distribution of farms. Measured aggregate factors (capital, land, economy-wide productivity) account for one-quarter of the observed differences in farm size and productivity. Policies and institutions that misallocate resources across farms have the potential to account for the remaining differences. Exploiting within-country variation in crop-specific price distortions and their correlation with farm size, we construct a cross-country measure of farm-size distortions which together with aggregate factors accounts for one-half of the cross-country differences in size and productivity. (JEL D24, J24, J43, L11, O13, Q12, Q18)

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Urtaran-Laresgoiti, Maider, Arturo Álvarez-Rosete, and Roberto Nuño-Solinís. "A system-wide transformation towards integrated care in the Basque Country: A realist evaluation." International Journal of Care Coordination 21, no. 3 (September 2018): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053434518800884.

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Introduction In 2010, in a context of severe economic recession, the Basque Government launched the Strategy to tackle the challenge of chronicity in the Basque Country to transform the Basque health system to cope with the challenges of chronicity, ageing, health system fragmentation and sustainability in the long run. Methods A realist evaluation has been conducted, and through a combination of research methods, information has been analysed to identify context, mechanisms and outcomes. The research provides a snapshot of the experience of a system-wide, complex health system transformation, which aims to identify ‘what has worked, for whom and under what circumstances’. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews held between June 2015 and December 2016, allowed us to obtain both retrospective and real-time accounts on the transformation phenomenon. Results Research pointed out that system-wide transformation requires time, effort, leadership, vision and narrative, as well as commitment, inclusiveness, collaborative decision-making processes with local implementers, ‘muddling through’ and constant learning. Key levers to shake and shift the health and social care systems towards closer alignment, coordination and integration to meet the needs of people include promoting collaborative relationships between health professionals to ensure care continuity, developing new staff roles, investing in integrated electronic health records, stratifying the population by risk and facilitating bottom-up innovation. Discussion Research has shown that system-wide changes in health and social care have been viable in the Basque Health System, although the interplay between context, mechanisms and outcomes is more complex than expected, leading to many unexpected factors, patterns and relationships.

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TUESTA, DAVID. "Factors behind the administrative fees of private pension systems: an international analysis." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 13, no. 1 (November 14, 2013): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747213000322.

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AbstractThis work has three objectives: first, to provide a comprehensive review of administrative fees; second, to construct a comparative data set for 53 countries; and third, to perform an empirical analysis that highlights the main determinants of pension fees from a world-wide perspective. The paper provides an econometric analysis by using panel data techniques. It finds the greater statistical significance of market size, result that is reinforced by mandatory pension schemes. Other factors, such as structural country conditions, market's vertical integration and the presence of an occupational pension scheme, seem to be less relevant.

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De Leon, Myra V. "Factors influencing behavioural intention to use mobile banking among retail banking clients." Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) 3, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v3i2.1469.

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Mobile banking enables clients to bank virtually without restrictions to time and place. Despite wide adoption of mobile banking around the world, use of mobile banking is still considered low. Philippines has the lowest digital banking penetration across Asian countries although the country known for the title of “SMS-intensive country in the world”. Factor analysis, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and ANOVA with bootstrapping were used to test research hypotheses. Findings from 212 Universal bank retail branch clients show that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social influence and trust propensity have significant positive influence on behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Results also show that respondents with matured age (22 years and above), male, at least Bachelor Degree graduate and receiving a monthly income higher than Php 10,001 has higher behavioral intention. This study is relevant for proposing marketing strategies to increase adoption of mobile banking and contribute for further advancement on technology acceptance literature.

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Basiri, A., S. M. Hosseini-Moghaddam, N. Simforoosh, B. Einollahi, M. Hosseini, A. Foirouzan, F. Pourrezagholi, et al. "The risk factors and laboratory diagnostics for post renal transplant tuberculosis: a case-control, country-wide study on definitive cases." Transplant Infectious Disease 10, no. 4 (August 2008): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00271.x.

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Chen, Walter, and Kieu Anh Nguyen. "The New Island-Wide LS Factors of Taiwan, with Comparison with EU Nations." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2022): 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053059.

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Soil erosion is a global environmental challenge that the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG) #15 wants to address, and the topographic factor, according to the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model, is one of the most critical factors causing soil erosion. In this study, we employed three separate digital elevation models of Taiwan, with horizontal resolution ranging from 20 to 90 m, to compute the LS factors based on the upslope contributing areas and multiple flow directions, utilizing the methodologies used by the European Soil Data Centre. This is the first study to create a map of Taiwan’s island-wide LS factors without using a fixed slope length of 40 m. To compare European Union countries with Taiwan, we also calculated their LS means, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation of LS factors. As a result, Taiwan’s high LS values are readily noticeable as compared to the EU. Taiwan’s LS factor is greater than that of any EU country and the United Kingdom, at 2.69 times the EU average. To put it another way, while all other erosive factors are held equal, Taiwan’s average soil erosion is about 2.69 times that of the EU. With an LS factor of 6.95, Austria has the highest average LS in the EU, yet it is 91 percent of Taiwan’s. The findings demonstrate that Taiwan has a far higher mean LS factor than any EU country or the United Kingdom, which helps to partially explain why soil erosion in Taiwan is substantially higher than in the EU.

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Gandhi, Kajal. "Issue of Srilankans – An Overview." Trends in Banking, Accounting and Business 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/tbab/1/1/9.

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The crisis is said to have begun due to multiple compounding factors like tax cuts, money creation, and a nation-wide policy to shift to organic or biological farming, the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings, and the impact of the COVID19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. In Jan 2021, the Sri Lankan Government declared officially that the country was hit by the worst economic crisis in its 73year history. On March 18, 2022 India extended a USD 1 billion line of credit to Sri Lanka on Thursday to help the country deal with the economic crisis

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Duca, Gheorghe, and Aurelian Gulea. "The Forecast and the Strategy of Chemistry Development." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 1, no. 1 (December 2006): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2006.01(1).06.

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A lasting economy of the state requires continuous progress in technology based on novel scientific achievements. Science and innovation are the basic factors ensuring competitiveness of our industry and agriculture and provide for about 50-85% of economic growth. Science is the nation’s patrimony and it determines the future of the country. The objectives of Science in Moldova are: - to get new knowledge about nature and society; - to create a wide scientific-technologic basis that would ensure: (1) innovation activity in the country; (2) technology progress; (3) world competitiveness of our production.

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Slade, C. F. R. "The Practical Implications of Altering the Sheep Breeding Season." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1988 (March 1988): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600016834.

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The supply of lamb meat to the market varies more than other red meats. This is hardly surprising given the seasonal breeding characteristic of the great majority of sheep in this country. The Variable Premium system that currently operates in this country is designed to try and even-out the supply of ‘finished’ lamb. There is a natural spread of lambing and a wide variety of techniques used to ‘finish’ store lambs. In spite of all these factors there is still a marked shortage of lambs available particularly in the months of April and May.

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Bakrunоv, Yu O. "Trends in the use of innovative environmentally friendly construction materials." Smetno-dogovornaya rabota v stroitel'stve (Estimated and contractual work in construction), no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/str-01-2206-06.

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The article is devoted to the characteristics of the environmentally friendly construction materials, developed by the domestic construction industry. The major factors, interfering their wide circulation, are also revealed, including: lack of the relevant normative documents, shortcomings of the certification methods, high cost of these materials and climatic features of our country as well.

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Lavallee, Kristen L., Julia Brailovskaia, Saskia Scholten, Silvia Schneider, and Jürgen Margraf. "Perceptions of Macro- and Micro-Level Factors Predict COVID-19 Self-Reported Health and Safety Guidelines Adherence." European Journal of Psychology Open 80, no. 4 (December 2021): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/2673-8627/a000016.

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Abstract. Introduction: Adherence to Covid-19 safety measures reduces the spread of the pathogen and lowers mortality rates. The present study examines microlevel (including sociodemographics, health risk factors, and mental health) and perceived macrolevel variables (including freedom, justice, and wealth) concerning self-perceived and self-reported Covid-19 safety measure adherence across eight countries. Methods: Self-reported adherence to Covid-19 safety measures and its potential predictors were assessed in representative samples from eight countries (total N = 7,437; Germany, France, Spain, Poland, Russia, Sweden, UK, US) by online surveys (end of May 2020 to the beginning of June 2020). Results: Self-reported adherence was positively predicted by female sex, higher age, higher social status, belonging to a Covid-19 risk group, being personally affected (physically, economically, and mentally), and positive mental health. Adherence was negatively predicted by depression and anxiety. Perceptions of governmental communication as credible and honest, government communication being guided by political interests, the feeling of being well informed, and perceived country-level freedom positively predicted self-reported adherence. Perceived country-level justice negatively predicted adherence, and perceived country-wide wealth was unrelated to it. Conclusions: Self-reported adherence to COVID-19 safety protocols is negatively predicted by depression, anxiety, and perceived justice, is positively predicted by perceived freedom, and not predicted by perceived country-level wealth.

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Song, Xi Gao, and Jie Zhang. "Refined New Technology and Application of Phosphate Rock Associated Iodine." Materials Science Forum 960 (June 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.960.107.

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Iodine is a world of scarce resources, and its characteristic is low yield, high price, wide uses. Production of iodine is≦800 t/a in our country, but demand of iodine is above 4000 t/a, so demand differences is big, about 80% of the iodine is importsed from countries such as Chile, Japan, turkmenistan[1]. At present iodine in our country mainly rely on extracting from kelp, but iodine yields are low,owing to limited algae production, low technology, large waste of resources and high operating cost factors, it is difficult to meet the basic requirements of iodine in our country. However, phosphate rock in our country contains considerable associated iodine, so much attention are given to development of associated iodine resources and comprehensive utilization of phosphate rock.

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Kravchuk, Robert S., and Victor Chudowsky. "Ukraine’s 1994 elections as an economic event." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2005.03.001.

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This article explores the political, economic, and social forces underlying the east/west cleavage in the 1994 Ukrainian presidential and parliamentary elections. We demonstrate that economic factors—notably, variations in regional economic strength and changes in employment in the period preceding the elections—are stronger predictors of country-wide voting behavior and candidate support than ethnic and linguistic factors. The exceptions are the extreme eastern and western oblasts, where the analysis suggests the existence of significant differences in political culture.

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Atance, Ignacio, María Teresa Martínez Jávega, Rogelio Pujol, and Julio Urruela. "La población rural en España: un enfoque a escala municipal." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 10, no. 1 (October 12, 2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2010.01.03.

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Population in Spain has grown significantly during the last decade; however, population growth has not increased evenly across the country. High demographic growth rates in costal and urbaninfluenced rural areas can lead to errors when considering added rural population data. This research depicts Spanish rural population’s evolution using a municipal scale approach and analyzes classic demographic variables and their explanatory capacity on rural population’s evolution. Results show that rural depopulation is still increasing in wide areas of the country. Classical demographic variables have been tested significant although they are not deciding factors in explaining rural population’s evolution

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Zhang, Feng Li. "Study of Archives Information Development Based on SWOT Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1720.

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Based on the rapid development of information technology and wide application, using the SWOT analysis method, combined with the status quo of information development in our country, it is done that the strategic analysis of advantage factors, archives information development in the disadvantages, opportunities and threats, and some strategies and suggestions are put forward for the development of our country's archives information.

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Safaei, Mahmood, Elankovan A. Sundararajan, Shahla Asadi, Mehrbakhsh Nilashi, Mohd Juzaiddin Ab Aziz, M. S. Saravanan, Maha Abdelhaq, and Raed Alsaqour. "A Hybrid MCDM Approach Based on Fuzzy-Logic and DEMATEL to Evaluate Adult Obesity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315432.

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Obesity and its complications is one of the main issues in today’s world and is increasing rapidly. A wide range of non-contagious diseases, for instance, diabetes type 2, cardiovascular, high blood pressure and stroke, numerous types of cancer, and mental health issues are formed following obesity. According to the WHO, Malaysia is the sixth Asian country with an adult population suffering from obesity. Therefore, identifying risk factors associated with obesity among Malaysian adults is necessary. For this purpose, this study strives to investigate and assess the risk factors related to obesity and overweight in this country. A quantitative approach was employed by surveying 26 healthcare professionals by questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with the DEMATEL and Fuzzy Rule-Based methods. We found that lack of physical activity, insufficient sleep, unhealthy diet, genetics, and perceived stress were the most significant risk factors for obesity.

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Emmanuel, Edward L. "Factors Contributing to the Occurrence of Leptospirosis, and the Impact on Public Health in Saint Lucia 2008-2019." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 8, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.08.04.art008.

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Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. The causative agent is a spirochete of the genus Leptospira. In humans, it causes a wide range of symptoms, however, asymptomatic presentation is not uncommon. Without proper treatment, leptospirosis can lead to kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, and respiratory distress. Death may occur in some patients. The aim of the study is to identify the factors contributing to the occurrence of leptospirosis, and the impact on public health in Saint Lucia 2008-2019. The study design is a mixed – method, comprising quantitative and qualitative data. A stratified sampling design using probability proportionate to size sampling at the settlement level was used. Secondary data on the incidence of leptospirosis were obtained from the Ministry of Health, and rainfall data were obtained from the Meteorology Office. Analysis of the data reveals several factors contributing to the occurrence of leptospirosis in Saint Lucia: poor garbage disposal; a large rodent population with easy access to garbage; and a lack of knowledge of leptospirosis. The impact on public health is manifested in the mortality and morbidity of individuals primarily men, and the health, social, and economic impact on the country. Reducing the impact of leptospirosis on the individual and country necessitates an island wide multi - sectoral control and prevention educational programme; an evaluation of the collection, storage, and disposal of household garbage; and the enforcement of legislation governing the proper collection, storage and disposal of garbage.

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Sandbakk, Øyvind, and Hans-Christer Holmberg. "A Reappraisal of Success Factors for Olympic Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0373.

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Cross-country (XC) skiing has been an Olympic event since the first Winter Games in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Due to more effective training and tremendous improvements in equipment and track preparation, the speed of Olympic XC-ski races has increased more than that of any other Olympic endurance sport. Moreover, pursuit, mass-start, and sprint races have been introduced. Indeed, 10 of the 12 current Olympic competitions in XC skiing involve mass starts, in which tactics play a major role and the outcome is often decided in the final sprint. Accordingly, reappraisal of the success factors for performance in this context is required. The very high aerobic capacity (VO2max) of many of today’s world-class skiers is similar that of their predecessors. At the same time, the new events provide more opportunities to profit from anaerobic capacity, upper-body power, high-speed techniques, and “tactical flexibility.” The wide range of speeds and slopes involved in XC skiing requires skiers to continuously alternate between and adapt different subtechniques during a race. This technical complexity places a premium on efficiency. The relative amounts of endurance training performed at different levels of intensity have remained essentially constant during the past 4 decades. However, in preparation for the Sochi Olympics in 2014, XC skiers are performing more endurance training on roller skis on competition-specific terrain, placing greater focus on upper-body power and more systematically performing strength training and skiing at high speeds than previously.

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Tanislav, Christian, Jens Allendörfer, Waltraud Pfeilschifter, Sven Fuest, Marco Stein, Marco Meyer, Iris Reuter, Manfred Kaps, and Björn Misselwitz. "One decade of oral anticoagulation in stroke patients: Results from a large country-wide hospital-based registry." International Journal of Stroke 13, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493017733928.

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Background New evidence regarding stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation has been published. Implementing knowledge into clinical practice remains challenging. Aims To investigate oral anticoagulants in stroke patients documented in a nationwide registry. Methods The database is an obligatory federal-state-wide hospital-based registry that covers more than 95% of all ischemic strokes, transient ischemic attacks and intracerebral hemorrhages in a community of more than six million inhabitants (Hesse/Germany). We analyzed oral anticoagulants prescribed on discharge in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack during 2006–2015. Results From 2006 to 2015, we annually selected median 20,895 patients. From 2006 to 2015, the proportion of patients treated with oral anticoagulants increased (9.8% to 24%). The annual proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation remained constant (median: 23%). In atrial fibrillation patients treated with oral anticoagulants, the age increased (median 2008/2009: 76.9 years vs. 2014/2015 79.4 years). The percentage of treated individuals in atrial fibrillation increased dramatically (2006: 30.1% to 2015: 74.5%); in 2015, 30.8% of these patients received vitamin K antagonists and 70.2% new oral anticoagulants. Independent factors associated with new oral anticoagulants therapy were a previous medication with new oral anticoagulants and a treatment on stroke unit. Between new oral anticoagulants- and vitamin K antagonists-treated patients (2015), no differences in age were noted (both mean: 79.4 years). Conclusions The new oral anticoagulants availability enhanced a general trend treating more target patients with oral anticoagulants.

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Ponpetch, Keerati, Berhanu Erko, Teshome Bekana, Tadesse Kebede, Di Tian, Yang Yang, and Song Liang. "Environmental Drivers and Potential Distribution of Schistosoma mansoni Endemic Areas in Ethiopia." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102144.

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In Ethiopia, human schistosomiasis is caused by two species of schistosome, Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, with the former being dominant in the country, causing infections of more than 5 million people and more than 37 million at risk of infection. What is more, new transmission foci for S. mansoni have been reported over the past years in the country, raising concerns over the potential impacts of environmental changes (e.g., climate change) on the disease spread. Knowledge on the distribution of schistosomiasis endemic areas and associated drivers is much needed for surveillance and control programs in the country. Here we report a study that aims to examine environmental determinants underlying the distribution and suitability of S. mansoni endemic areas at the national scale of Ethiopia. The study identified that, among five physical environmental factors examined, soil property, elevation, and climatic factors (e.g., precipitation and temperature) are key factors associated with the distribution of S. mansoni endemic areas. The model predicted that the suitable areas for schistosomiasis transmission are largely distributed in northern, central, and western parts of the country, suggesting a potentially wide distribution of S. mansoni endemic areas. The findings of this study are potentially instrumental to inform public health surveillance, intervention, and future research on schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. The modeling approaches employed in this study may be extended to other schistosomiasis endemic regions and to other vector-borne diseases.

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Chandranand, PS. "Review on Non-Communicable Diseases in India and their Respective Diagnostic Platforms." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 2012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39024.

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Abstract: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increasing the burden in India. NCDs are viewed as pandemic because of the expanding pace of mortality and morbidity. Urbanization in India prompts undesirable ways of lifestyle, physical inactivity, biological, behavioral risk factors, and migration of the country metropolitan populace in India, the thought of different NCDs and their danger factors shows wide varieties across the populace. It’s believed the health care system can curb the situation by managing preventive measures that allow controlling the threat. Keywords: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mortality, morbidity.

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Kang, Xiang Ping, and Ning Feng. "Safety Management and Insurance of the Construction Projects." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.812.

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The insurance is the valid means which transfers engineering risk, but applied very limited in our country. The present condition of the construction engineering insurance and the factors restraining its wide application are investigated. The investigation results indicated that the main factors restricting the development of construction engineering are various. The knowledge to insurance is not enough, or the fluke mind is existing. The contractor is inactive to insure. The owner regards the insurance as compulsive request of the government and the bank and has to fulfill it.

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Fountain, Kathleen Carlisle. "Perceptions of Acceptance: Evaluating World Wide Web Projects in Performance Reviews." College & Research Libraries 62, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.62.3.260.

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Recent literature reveals that World Wide Web projects are beginning to receive more respect and acceptance from administrators. This survey studied the perceptions of librarian and teaching faculty Web creators in universities around the country to see if acceptance is on the rise. It found that respondents generally are satisfied with the recognition granted to their Web projects. Further findings indicate that institutional factors largely influence satisfaction levels. Librarians and teaching faculty can improve acceptance of Web projects only when submitting external reviews of their work to the evaluators.

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Apinis, Pēteris, Vilnis Dzērve, Anda Čakša, Iveta Bajāre, and Andrejs Ērglis. "Thirty Years of Epidemiological Studies of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Latvia: Why are they Needed?" Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 74, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2020-0046.

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Abstract The present review is designed to provide insight into population-based investigations of cardiovascular risk factors in Latvia. Most of them represent urban, rural and mixed populations. The results are age-standardised using the European Standard Population. All of the studies confirm a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors with wide differences across the studies. The differences are not consistent or regular and some of the underlying reasons are discussed. Analysis of the previous studies justifies the need for a nationwide cross-sectional epidemiological study, which in a small country can be carried out in compliance with all the requirements for a population-based epidemiological study.

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Donaldson, Candice D., Lindsay M. Handren, and Andrew Lac. "Applying Multilevel Modeling to Understand Individual and Cross-Cultural Variations in Attitudes Toward Homosexual People Across 28 European Countries." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 1 (October 7, 2016): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116672488.

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Individual and cross-cultural factors associated with attitudes toward homosexual people were examined in this study. Using cross-sectional data from the sixth biennial European Social Survey, which represents 36,959 individuals nested within 28 European countries, successive nested models were tested using multilevel modeling (MLM). Results found that attitudes varied cross-culturally as a function of people’s country of residence—this clustering effect was controlled for in all subsequent models. Individual-level predictors (Level 1) of male gender, older age, less education, being an immigrant to one’s residing country, conservative political affiliation, high religiosity, perceptions that politics in one’s country were unfair, low openness to change values, low self-transcendence values, high conservation values, and high self-enhancement values were significantly linked with anti-homosexuality attitudes. At the country level (Level 2), a high emphasis on social conservatism and fewer civil rights for homosexuals was connected with more unfavorable attitudes. Findings indicate main effects of predictors at both levels; however, country-level variables tended to yield stronger coefficients than individual-level factors, highlighting the contributions of macro- and microfactors in simultaneously shaping attitudes toward homosexuality. Beyond these effects, interactions of country- and individual-level variables show political affiliation, religiosity, self-enhancement values as stronger predictors in liberal countries, but openness to change values, younger age, and higher education as stronger predictors in conservative countries. Implications are discussed for understanding the wide continuum of views toward homosexuality across people and countries.

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Patil, Anant D., Hritika Sharma, and Tanusri Tetarbe. "COVID-19 and concerns related to self-medication." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20203638.

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The practice of self-care through self-medication is not uncommon. Self-medication is not just a problem of one country, the phenomenon is global. A systematic review has highlighted this wide spread problem. Self-medication can be based on self-belief, advice of a pharmacist or another person instead of consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. In the settings of poor access to health care services and issues related to affordability of paying for medical services, people practice self-medication as the righteous approach. Some people may consume medications without consultation of a healthcare professional citing reason of time saving. Certain drugs available as prescription medicine in one country may be available over the counter in another country. Furthermore, with digitalisation, people now have an easy access to the internet where they simply explore their symptoms and find the perceived suitable treatment for the same. Thus, the reasons and pattern of self-medications may differ based on different factors including type of population affordability, and country.

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Margetts, BM, E. Rogers, K. Widhal, A.-M. Remaut de Winter, and H.-JF Zunft. "Relationship between attitudes to health, body weight and physical activity and level of physical activity in a nationally representative sample in the European Union." Public Health Nutrition 2, no. 1a (January 1999): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980099000142.

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AbstractObjectiveTo explore the factors that influence attitudes and beliefs about the effects of body weight and physical activity on health.DesignCross-sectional survey using a face-to-face interview-assisted questionnaire.SettingThe survey was conducted between March and April 1997 in the 15 member states of the EU.SubjectsApproximately 1000 adults aged 15 years plus from each country were selected by quota-controlled sampling; the total sample was of 15 239 persons (7162 males and 8077 females). Data were weighted by population size for each country and by age, gender and regional distribution within countries.ResultsOverall 27% of men and 35% of women reported not engaging in any form of recreational activity; rates were highest in those with a primary-level education (37% men, 43% women) compared with tertiary-level education (20% men, 25% women). Recreational activity levels declined with age and tended to be lowest in those who were more physically active at work. Eighteen per cent of respondents believed that physical activity was one of the two greatest influences on health; 13% mentioned body weight, 38% mentioned food, 41% mentioned smoking and 33% mentioned stress. Logistic regression was used to assess for the effects of gender, age, educational level, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, activity level and country on beliefs that body weight and physical activity influenced health. Primary-educated, overweight, ex- and non-smoking women were most likely to mention body weight as an influence; young tertiary-educated, thinner, non-smoking and active males were most likely to mention physical activity. There was wide variation across Europe in reported behaviour and beliefs, which persisted after taking account of all of the other factors in the regression model.ConclusionsRelatively few people in some countries believed body weight and physical activity were important influences on health. Many people mentioned stress and it might be possible to use this interest to motivate changes in physical activity to relieve stress. It may be important to take a more integrated approach to activity patterns that consider the role of work and recreation. Although social and demographic factors were important, after adjusting for these factors there was still wide between-country variation in reported attitudes, beliefs and behaviour. This will need to be taken into account in any activity promotion campaigns.

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Kabiru, Dahiru Muhammed, Ezekiel Ayiwulu, Choji V. Dung, Tasiu Muhammad, and Fatima Sidi Sani. "Demographic Dynamics and Violent Conflicts in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 05 (2022): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6509.

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Demographically, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with an average growth rate of 3.2% and an approximated population of 190 million people; the seventh world-wide, and the 8th largest exporter of oil and many other resources. However, Nigeria ranks low in human development index, with 39.1% of her population living below income poverty line of US$1.90 a day. These and many other factors combined to spur the various conflicts for which the country is now known, with its huge youth population as one of the most important factors in these perennial conflicts, especially the farmers-herders conflicts, which has become a near daily affair, especially since the return of the country to civil rule in 1999. This paper examines the roles of population dynamics on violent conflicts in Nigeria and its implications on national security and development through field surveys, focused group discussions, and literature review. The study has found out that the country’s huge youths population in addition to issues of governance, are potent tools in the perennial violent conflicts for which the country is known for (of late), and recommends that the state should ensure adequate governance; put in place effective national development policy that caters well for the youths and the nation as a whole.

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Amaral, Susana Teles, and Ana Paula Marques. "Highly Skilled Portuguese Professionals: Who Are They and What Moves Them Out of the Country? Profiles, Factors and Motivations." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v9i2.p73-87.

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In the context of the financial and social-economic crisis, Portugal has recently been the scene of massive outflow of professionals who seek/find employment alternatives in other countries. Also the young-adults most skilled are being affected by this lack of opportunities. Who they are and what moves this highly skilled population out of the country? Based on the outputs of an online inquiry applied to a wide network of these emigrants with higher education degree, we propose both the understanding of conditions – pull and push factors – as the knowledge of the characteristics, motivations, trajectories, strategies and ways of life of the emigrants` profile.

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Inoue, Ken, Nursultan Seksenbayev, Nailya Chaizhunusova, Timur Moldagaliyev, Nargul Ospanova, Sholpan Tokesheva, Yersin T. Zhunussov, et al. "An Exploration of the Labor, Financial, and Economic Factors Related to Suicide in the Republic of Kazakhstan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 6992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136992.

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The Republic of Kazakhstan has one of the world’s highest suicide rates. A detailed study of the risk factors for suicide in that country is therefore important. We investigated country-wide statistics related to labor, financial, and economic factors and whether any of these factors contribute to the risk of suicide in Kazakhstan. Using the 20 year period from 2000 to 2019, we examined the annual suicide rates overall (all citizens) and for males and females in Kazakhstan, annual unemployment rates, annual rates of increase in the country’s consumer price index, annual total exports, and annual total imports. We then calculated the correlations between the suicide rates and these four items. We also performed a multiple regression analysis of the relationship between the suicide rate and those four items. The results of these analyses indicated that the unemployment rate was the correlation coefficient most highly correlated with the suicide rate; unemployment was significantly related to suicide and should be targeted as a risk factor in suicide prevention interventions in Kazakhstan. With this in mind, organizations, government agencies, and professionals in relevant fields need to devise and implement suicide prevention measures.

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Lee, Seung-Hun, Kyung-Yeon Eo, Byeong Yeal Jung, Dongmi Kwak, and Oh-Deog Kwon. "Seroprevalence and risk factors of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in Korean cattle – short communication." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 65, no. 4 (December 2017): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2017.049.

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Besnoitia besnoiti is an obligate intracellular parasite that is transmitted by direct contact or via mechanical transmission by flies as vectors. Besnoitiosis causes economic losses in the cattle industry and is regarded as a re-emerging disease in Europe. This study evaluated the seroprevalence of B. besnoiti in Korean cattle using a commercial ELISA kit. Among 558 serum samples, 19 (3.4%) tested seropositive for B. besnoiti. The statistically significant risk factors included age (≥ 2 years), sex (castrated males), and region (lower latitudes) (P < 0.05). The overall seroprevalence suggested a wide distribution of B. besnoiti infection in cattle reared in Korea. Thus, the practice of intensive cattle husbandry and the regionally different seroprevalence of B. besnoiti infection in cattle in Korea warrant routine monitoring and vector control to reduce economical losses due to bovine besnoitiosis in the country.

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Shubin, F. N. "Zoonotic Salmonellosis in Russia: Key Points." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 14, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-1-28-30.

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Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the main etiologic agent of zoonotic salmonellosis, having spread country wide in Russia. The work covers the main factors for salmonellosis spread. The breeding companies that contribute to the development of local bacteria population at poultry plants are of a paramount importance in terms of maintaining limited heterogeneity of S. Enteritidis and spread of salmonellosis. Migrations of the causative agent and new technologies for eggs and poultry production are additional points for salmonellosis spread.

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Stephens, Simon. "The global financial crisis and migration: the experience of Irish graduates." Journal of Global Mobility 3, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-06-2014-0017.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify a group of Irish graduates who decided to emigrate following the global financial crash of 2008. The paper explores how the economic crisis in Ireland (2008-2014) framed the experience of this group of migrants. Specifically, the paper examines the push/pull factors leading to migration; the experience of the graduate migrants in the host country; and decisions regarding repatriation. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a qualitative approach to study the experiences of graduates. The paper utilises narrative structuring to provide an enhanced understanding of the migration experience of the graduates. Findings – The data collected during depth interviews indicates a mixed experience. There are a wide range of push/pull factors that result in migration. However, the range of push/pull factors that might result in repatriation are blurred by: personal experiences in the host country, changing family circumstances and the performance of the economy in Ireland. Practical implications – This research highlights complex patterns of graduate mobility which reflect the multifaceted push/pull factors shaping graduate movements. Economic conditions drive migration but they also frame the migrant experience in the host country and repatriation decisions. Originality/value – A review of the literature indicates that most of the empirical studies on the experience of graduates are quantitative. This paper argues other softer outcomes must also be studied to help fully understand the experiences of graduates.

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Cubas, German. "Public Capital and Economic Development." Economic Journal 130, no. 632 (November 2020): 2354–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa079.

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Abstract Public capital is sizable and its share in total capital is higher in poor countries. The standard development accounting approach does not distinguish it from private capital, ignoring its public good features. The goal of this paper is to measure public capital stocks for a wide range of countries, and then develop and implement a development accounting framework that explicitly includes its non-rival aspects. The paper finds that factors of production account for a significantly greater share of cross-country differences in output per worker compared to the standard framework. With both non-rivalry and congestion, the contribution of factors of production decreases.

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Lee, Yi Yeh, Meng Jhe Hsieh, and Kuo Kuang Fan. "Study on Development of Indian Film Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.544.

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Since movies were introduced into India, they have become one of the key industries in the country. Besides the wide support in the local market, Bollywood films have started to stand out on the world stage. There are 3.6 billion international audiences of Indian films. Different from Hollywood movies which we are familiar with, Indian films reveal strong national culture. This study probes into the success factors of Indian films by literature review on the development of Indian films, special film culture and policy of the Indian government, and generalizes the following success factors of Indian film industry: high population, ticket price & low cost, local cultural environment, governmental policy, and combination of tradition and innovation. This study analyzes the factors above and compares the related factors with American films.

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Shi, Ji. "MACRO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF SINO-US TRADE IMBALANCET." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-39-57.

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China is one of the developing countries with the most rapid development and the U.S. is de-veloped country with the strongest economic strength, economic development of the two coun-tries has become main impetus of the world economic growth. Sino-US bilateral trade has be-come the most important constituent part of global trade. With the rapid development of Sino-US bilateral trade, trade imbalance also lead great concern of the two governments and academic circles, especially after China entered into WTO, the problem of Sino-US trade imbalance be-come even more serious. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of macroeconomic factors on China-US trade deficit, as economists generally believe that savings and exchange rates are closely related to trade balance. Undervalued exchange rate can keep relatively low prices for products made in China, while the booming domestic demand in the United States provides China with a wide variety of external market opportunities. This paper points out that difference in saving rates between the two countries is an important macroeconomic reason for the contin-ued growth of China’s trade surplus with the United States in international trade. The RMB exchange rate is an influencing factor, but not a fundamental one.

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Hernández-Vásquez, Akram, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández, Fabriccio J. Visconti-Lopez, Daniel Comandé, and Guido Bendezu-Quispe. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Gaming Disorder in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 10036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610036.

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We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with gaming disorder (GD) in the population of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A systematic review was performed (PROSPERO protocol registration: CRD42021230565). We included studies that identified participants with GD and/or factors associated with this condition, reported the prevalence of GD, or contained data that assisted in its estimation, were published after 2013 (the year of inclusion of GD in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and were carried out in a population residing in an LAC country. Evaluation of the quality of the studies was carried out using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical appraisal checklist tool. A qualitative synthesis of the data was performed. Of the total of 1567 records identified, 25 passed the full-text review phase, and 6 met the selection criteria. These studies were published between 2018 and 2021 and had a cross-sectional design (three in Brazil, one in Ecuador, Mexico, and the other was multi-country, including a LAC country [Peru]). The prevalence of GD ranged from 1.1% to 38.2%. The three studies in Brazil had the highest figures of GD prevalence (20.4–38.2%). Four studies evaluated factors associated with GD. Characteristics regarding the game (type), pattern of use (hours played), as well as gender (higher in men), tobacco and alcohol consumption, poor interpersonal relationships, and the presence of mental disorders were found to be associated with GD in LAC. Evidence on the prevalence and factors associated with GD in LAC is limited. Studies on GD in LAC evaluate different population subgroups, describing a wide prevalence of this condition (present in up to 38 out of 100 evaluated). Characteristics such as the type and hours of use of the games, sociodemographic data, lifestyles, interpersonal relationships, and the presence of mental disorders increase the probability of presenting GD.

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Suhartini, Dwi, Hero Priono, Astrini Aning Widoretno, and Galuh Tiaramurti. "AKUNTAN BERJIWA BELA NEGARA (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA MAHASISWA S1 AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAWA TIMUR)." Behavioral Accounting Journal 2, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/baj.v2i2.49.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the learning process in the undergraduate programn Accounting department of "Veteran" UPN East Java in forming an accountant with the spirit of defending the country. Higher education has a very important role in developing the ability of individuals to be more insightful in science, technology, and the formation of good character. For this reason, effective learning models need to be developed in the campus environment, namely integrated learning models at the level of study programs by optimizing hard skills and soft skills in the learning process. The research method used is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study are there are still factors that can influence the learning process so that it becomes an obstacle in realizing learning outcomes to produce superior graduates with defending the country character. For this reason, in eliminating and reducing academic cheating, it requires learning methods of the Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) model to optimize hard skills and soft skills in forming a nation-wide accountant.

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Baranov, A. A., L. S. Namazova-Baranova, Rimma N. Terletskaya, and E. V. Antonova. "SOME RISK FACTORS FOR THE FORMATION OF CHILDREN’S DISABILITY." Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation 20, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9537-2017-20-2-60-64.

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The creation of the system of early prophylaxis of children disability and support of families bringing up disabled children and children with limited opportunities of health are among the main priorities of the state social policy of the Russian Federation. The search for literature sources was performed in the Scientific Online Library (eLIBRARY.RU) and PubMed. The dynamics of children’s disability in our country is characterized by the process of stagnation. Among risk factors for the formations of the disability the most discussed are achievements of perinatology leading to the improvement of nursing of prematurely born and small for date newborns, and wide uses of auxiliary reproductive technologies. An important part of all preventive measures aimed at the decline of the genetic load of population is the prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis. It seems appropriate to extend the screening for congenital and hereditary metabolic diseases in neonatal period, including the most common nosological forms of rare illnesses. In the solution of problems of the prevention of the childhood disability a priority should be given to the development of services of family planning, improvement of the antenatal and perinatal care, the preventive work with healthy children with deviations in the development, the development of medical genetic services, implementation of programs of different types of pathology screening.

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Howard, Martine, and Christine Harrington. "Essential Factors of a 15 to Finish Campaign: Increasing On-Time Completion Rates for Community College Students." Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice 7, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ie.2022.195.

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The “on-time” degree completion crisis within the community college system is alarming. Only 5% of students graduate in two years (Complete College America [CCA], n.d.-a). Many community college students are low-income and racially and ethnically minoritized, and their graduation rates are low (CCA, n.d.-a). Community colleges around the country have begun to implement intervention strategies to improve on-time graduation and close attainment gaps. One of the most successful interventions implemented across the country has been a 15 to Finish campaign, a campus-wide effort aimed to increase the number of college students taking 15 credits per semester (CCA, 2016a). A comprehensive review of the literature and conversations with college professionals were conducted to better understand the factors that contribute to a successful 15 to Finish campaign. The findings indicated that a successful 15 to Finish campaign includes: (a) maintaining a high level of institutional commitment and effective leadership, (b) making the case with data, (c) reaching all key stakeholders, including students and their support systems, (d) providing professional development to internal stakeholders, (e) avoiding a one- size fits all model and accounting for the unique institutional culture, (f) sending clear messages, (g) providing incentives, and (h) engaging in continuous improvement efforts. Based on these findings, recommendations are provided for those who wish to increase on-time completion rates for community college students.

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Crespi, Fabrizio, and Milena Migliavacca. "The Determinants of ESG Rating in the Financial Industry: The Same Old Story or a Different Tale?" Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 8, 2020): 6398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166398.

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Corporate social performance (CSP) and, in particular, environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings became a focal point for scholars, practitioners and policy makers over the last decade. In order to better understand the dynamics underlying CSP within the financial industry, we investigate its determinants. Adding to the debate regarding CSP antecedents, we draw on a world-wide sample of 727 financial firms operating in twenty-two countries within the period 2006–2017 and look for firm, country and temporal factors that affect CSP. The main results of our empirical analyses provide evidence that financial firms’ ESG scores are growing on a linear trend over time, and such tendency is enhanced by their size and profitability, together with the economic and social development of the country within which they operate. Our findings also show that the environmental, social and governance pillars follow independent patterns.

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Mutale, Godfrey, Thomson Kalinda, and Elias Kuntashula. "Factors Affecting the Joint Adoption of Herbicides and Conservation Tillage Technologies among Smallholder Farmers in Zambia." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 12 (November 15, 2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n12p205.

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For over three decades, Zambian private and public organizations have been promoting Conservation Agriculture (CA) among smallholder farmers, throughout the country. CA, as a technology, involves Conservation Tillage (CT) methods and use of herbicides, particularly in the first 3 to 4 years of its adoption. Despite the long-term CA dissemination effort from stakeholders, adoption of both herbicides and CT technologies has been relatively low. Using the 2012 Rural Agricultural Livelihood Survey (RALS12) data collected country-wide, a bivariate probit analytical model investigated whether Zambian smallholder farmers make a joint adoption decision in the uptake of herbicides and CT methods. Results indicate that the adoption of herbicides is jointly linked to the adoption of CT technologies. Factors such as being a male-headed household, belonging to a cooperative society, larger sizes of cultivated areas, owning productive tools such as a knapsack sprayer and receiving advice on CA technologies, were critical in positively influencing the joint-adoption of herbicide and CT technologies. Overall, results imply that if the adoption of herbicides is to be enhanced, the promotion of CT technologies have to be intensified. The best promotional channels include agricultural groups such as farmer cooperatives, which are good conduits and platforms for smallholder farmers’ knowledge-sharing. These promotional efforts should support gender balancing and emphasize the inclusion and use of herbicides in CA. There is also need for government to enhance farmers’ access to productive tools that support the use of herbicides such as knapsack sprayers.

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Cureau, F. V., U. Ekelund, K. V. Bloch, and B. D. Schaan. "Does body mass index modify the association between physical activity and screen time with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents? Findings from a country-wide survey." International Journal of Obesity 41, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.210.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Country-wide factors'

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