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1
Bowd, Kathryn. "Reflecting regional life: Localness and social capital in Australian country newspapers." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i2.352.
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Australian country non-daily newspapers are generally very much local in their emphasis—they cover mostly, or entirely, local news; they promote and advocate for the interests of their region; and they foster a close relationship with their readers. They are not only a valuable source of local news and information for their readership, but also help to connect people within their circulation area and reinforce community identity. This means they are ideally positioned to contribute to social capital— the ‘connections among individuals—social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them’ (Putnam, 2000). Social capital can be seen as having three basic components: a network; a cluster of norms, values and expectations; and sanctions that help to maintain the norms and network (Halpern, 2005), and newspapers can contribute to social capital by facilitating local debate and discussion, and reflecting back to communities through the news stories they cover local norms, values, expectations and sanctions. Interrelationships between elements of ‘localness’ in journalism practice at country newspapers and social capital in regional areas of Australia were explored as part of a wider study of relationships between communities and country newspapers. Journalists, newspaper owners and managers, and community participants from four regions of South Australia and Victoria were asked about their understandings of ‘localness’ in country newspaper journalism practice. This article suggests that such newspapers’ emphasis on localness is a key element of their capacity to contribute to social capital.
2
Numbers, Ronald L. "Creationists and their critics in Australia: an autonomous culture or 'the USA with Kangaroos'?" Historical Records of Australian Science 14, no. 1 (2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr02002.
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No country outside the United States has given creationism a warmer reception than Australia, which has spawned an internationally successful creationist ministry and at times even welcomed creation science into the classrooms of state-supported schools. A half-century ago, however, when organized anti-evolutionism first appeared in Australia, it attracted virtually no attention, and for over three decades thereafter it remained isolated on the far margins of Australian society, too obscure and impotent to warrant public concern. As late as 1984 one of the best informed students of Australian fundamentalism predicted that `because of the different national traditions and educational systems, the [creationist] controversy is not likely to become as intense in Australia as in USA�.The following decade proved him a false prophet. The most intense creation-evolution debates in the world have occurred on Australian soil, and Australian creationists have insinuated themselves into the religious, scientific, educational, and political life of the country. In this brief history of creationism and anti-creationism in Australia during the past half-century or so, I highlight two distinctive (though not unique) characteristics of the Australian encounter: the efforts of both sides to tar the other with a `made in America� brush and the contribution of anti-creationists to the success of the creationists. Paradoxically, by hounding and ridiculing creationists, the critics significantly boosted the visibility and viability of creationism in Australia.
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Stratford, Joe. "How does Australia train its psychiatrists?" Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 2 (February 2002): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.2.73.
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Currently there are about 2000 practising consultant psychiatrists in Australia, 80% of whom are in private practice. In terms of training there are close to 700 trainees (registrars) with approximately 100 qualifying each year (Henderson, 2000). Training takes place all over the country but, as with many other aspects of Australian life, is largely confined to a small number of larger cities dotted around the coast of the mainland.
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Wright, Alyson, Mandy Yap, Roxanne Jones, Alice Richardson, Vanessa Davis, and Raymond Lovett. "Examining the Associations between Indigenous Rangers, Culture and Wellbeing in Australia, 2018–2020." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063053.
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The centrality of culture to Indigenous peoples’ health and wellbeing is becoming increasingly acknowledged in government policy. In Australia, the Indigenous Ranger program is a leading example of employment that supports increased cultural participation. In 2017, we demonstrated higher life satisfaction and family wellbeing among Indigenous Rangers compared to non-Rangers in Central Australia. Using an expanded national dataset, this present study aimed to: examine if associations between Ranger status and wellbeing continued to be observed in Central Australia; assess if these associations were observed among non-Central Australian Rangers; and, quantify the effect of mediating variables (Rangers status, cultural factors) on wellbeing outcomes. We analyzed Mayi Kuwayu baseline data (n = 9691 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people) and compared participants who identified as past or currently employed Rangers compared to non-Rangers across two geographic locations (Central Australia, non-Central Australia). Ranger participation was significantly associated with very high life satisfaction and family wellbeing in Central Australia (high life satisfaction PR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.57, and family wellbeing (PR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36) and non-Central Australia (high life satisfaction PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.57), family wellbeing (PR 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.65). These findings concord with those observed in the 2017 proof-of-concept study. Additionally, we found that Ranger status partially mediated the relationships between existing cultural practices (first language as your Indigenous language and living on your country) and the two wellbeing outcomes. Current cultural practices, spending time on country and speaking your Aboriginal language, also partially mediated the associations between Ranger status and high life satisfaction, and between Ranger status and high family wellbeing. This analysis supports evidence that both Ranger employment and cultural participation are contributors to wellbeing. Ranger work is not only good for land, but it is good for people. As such, determining policies that mutually acknowledge and enhance culture, health and wellbeing will likely have additional benefits for the broader Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population.
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Young, Diana. "Water as Country on the Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands South Australia." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 10, no. 2 (2006): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853506777965839.
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AbstractAnangu, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara people living in the north-western areas of South Australia conceptualize changes in the surface of land as evincing the presence of ancestral power. Rain is one such catalyst of change, though it is by no means a certainty on the Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. When it does appear, water does not stay long on the surface: it is shimmering and unstable. This paper examines the nature of various water sources in contemporary indigenous life, the spatial relationships between earth and sky and the dialectic between life and death that they mediate.
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Young, Diana. "Water as Country on the Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands, South Australia." Oceania 93, no. 3 (November 2023): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ocea.5376.
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ABSTRACTAnangu, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara people living in the north‐western areas of South Australia, conceptualize changes in the surface of land as evincing the presence of Ancestral power. Rain is one such catalyst of change, though it is by no means a certainty on the Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. When it does appear, water does not stay long on the surface: it is shimmering and unstable. This chapter examines the nature of various water sources in contemporary indigenous life, the spatial relationships between earth and sky and the dialectic between life and death that they mediate.
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Wright, Dominie. "How the misidentification of a pathogen can cause an emergency response – a real life case study of an Australian grain export incident." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12029.
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In February 2004, a shipment of Australian wheat was rejected by an importing country that alleged the grain contained ustilospores of Tilletia indica. This allegation caused all wheat trading and shipments from Australia to be stopped. At this time, Australian wheat was worth A$4 billion and provided 14% of the world's export demand. How did this misidentification occur? And why is correct identification of pathogens so important when trading with other countries?
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Oliver, Damon. "A Field Guide to Australian Butterflies." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 2 (1995): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960201.
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Robert Fisher believes that an increased awareness about conserving the remaining unique biota of Australia has created a desire in many people to identify and understand the biology of organisms. A Field Guide to Australian Butterflies is a useful way to impart such biological information to those who wish to explore the natural world around them. The objective of this field guide is to provide a book of photographs which aid in the identification and appreciation of some two hundred Australian butterfly species, about half of the total described species in this country. The field guide provides a brief but adequate introduction explaining the classification, life histories, morphology and geographic distribution of Australian butterflies. It is then divided into sections corresponding to the six families of butterflies represented in Australia. Each section gives a brief overview of the unique morphological characters, geographic distribution and life cycle of that family. A noteworthy feature of this guide is the inclusion of several pages of excellent photographs of early life stages at the beginning of each family section. Ideally, though, it would have been desirable to have photographs of the early life stages for all species presented, to complement the adult photographs.
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Setecka, Agnieszka. "“Gold … Was Certainly Very Attractive; But He Did Not Like New South Wales as a Country in Which to Live.” The Representation of Australian Society in Trollope’s John Caldigate." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0017.
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Abstract Australia features in numerous Victorian novels either as a place of exile or a land of new opportunities, perhaps the most memorable image of the country having been presented in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations (1861). Anthony Trollope’s writing, however, offers a much more extensive and complex presentation of Australian life as seen by a Victorian English gentleman. In his Australian fictions, including Harry Heathcote of Gangoil (1874), Catherine Carmichael (1878), and John Caldigate (1879), he presents Australia both as a land of new opportunities and as a place where social hierarchy as it is known in England is upturned and social boundaries either disregarded or drawn along different lines. The present article is concerned with the ways in which Trollope’s John Caldigate represents differences in the structure of English and Australian society, stressing the latter’s lack of a clear class hierarchy characteristic of social organisation “back home”. The society of Australia is presented as extremely plastic and mobile - both in terms of space and structure. Consequently, it can hardly be contained within a stiffly defined hierarchy, and it seems to defy the rules of social organisation that are accepted as natural and obvious in England. In Trollope’s fiction success in Australia depends to a large extent on hard work, ability to withstand the hardships of life with no luxuries, and thrift, and thus on personal virtues, but the author nevertheless suggests that it is defined solely by economic capital at the cost of cultural capital, so significant in England.
10
Moazzem, Shadia, Enda Crossin, Fugen Daver, and Lijing Wang. "Life Cycle Assessment of Apparel Consumption in Australia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 71–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0006.
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Abstract This study presents the environmental impact of apparel consumption in Australia using life cycle assessment methodology according to ISO14040/14044:2006. Available published references, the Ecoinvent v3 dataset, the Australian life cycle assessment dataset and apparel country-wise import data with the breakdown of apparel type and fibre type were used in this study. The environmental impact assessment results of the functional unit were scaled up to the total apparel consumption. The impact results were also normalized on a per-capita/year basis. The Total Climate Change Potential (CCP) impact from apparel consumption of 2015 was estimated to be 16 607 028 tonnes CO2eq and 698.07 kg CO2eq/per capita-year. This study also assessed the impact of acidification potential (AP), water depletion (WD), abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP) - fossil fuel and agricultural land occupation (ALO) using the same methodology. The market volume of cotton apparel in Australia is 53.97 %, which accounts for 45 %, 96 %, 40 %, 46 % and 79 % of total CCP, WD, ADP, AP and ALO impact, respectively. Apparel broad categories of cotton shirt, cotton trouser, polyester shirt and polyester trouser have a high volume in the apparel market as well as a high environmental impact contribution. These high-volume apparel products can be included in the prioritization list to reduce environmental impact throughout the apparel supply chain. It was estimated that from 2010 to 2018 the per capita apparel consumption and corresponding impact increased by 24 %.
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Kurleto, Małgorzata. "The impact of climate change on tourism in Australia – a case study relating to bushfires in Australia in 2019/2020." Studia Periegetica 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3966.
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The main purpose of the study is to offer a preliminary analysis of the impact of Australian bush fires on tourism in the summer season of 2019/2020. The article addresses issues related to global climate change, including Australia. The author discusses the causes and effects of recent catastrophic fires in Australia, focusing on their negative impacts for tourism. Another problem raised in the article is how climate change in Australia causes bushfires that destroy the nature and life of this country. The study mainly analyses the effects of climate change on the natural environment, especially on the most attractive tourist areas in Australia, i.e. national parks. The study uses the latest information to show the effects of damage caused by fires in Australia, especially in tourism. The author concludes that there is a direct relationship between climate change resulting from global warming and tourism demand.
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Peleseuma, Courtney. "Life as an Indigenous Student Away From Bas." Student Midwife 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55975/hmvr5058.
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Studying in Australia can be a challenging prospect. The vastness of the country geographically can mean tertiary education can be several hours or hundreds of kilometres away from home. For First Nations people living in rural and remote communities, the challenge is even greater. In 2021, less than 30 per cent of First Nations people had completed tertiary education.1 Returning midwifery care and cultural birth practices to First Nations communities is pertinent to healing health inequities, strengthening culturally-safe practices and continuing connections to language, ancestry, country and community.2
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Tri, Nguyen Minh. "Cultural Adaptation and Integration of the Vietnamese Community in Australia." Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik 6, no. 2 (December 19, 2023): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/resolusi.v6i2.5977.
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The Vietnamese community in Australia has faced numerous challenges during its integration into Australian society. Starting with language barriers and cultural differences, the community has had to navigate a complex set of social, economic, and political factors to establish its position in the country. Despite these obstacles, they have maintained their cultural identity while embracing the Australian way of life. One of the most significant contributions of the Vietnamese community to Australian society has been their ability to bring about fresh perspectives and opportunities for cultural exchange. The younger generations of Vietnamese Australians, in particular, have been instrumental in highlighting the values of inclusivity and multiculturalism. They have been at the forefront of promoting cultural diversity and understanding and acceptance of different communities. Our research aims to systematically document the adaptation and integration of the Vietnamese community in Australia across different periods. We employ qualitative methods to analyse the various factors that have contributed to the success of the Vietnamese community in Australia. By doing so, we hope to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by the Vietnamese community during their integration into Australian society.
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Kimhi, Shaul, and Yarden Oliel. "National resilience, country corruption and quality of life: An international study." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 6, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 5430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v6i5.05.
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The present study examines levels of corruption and quality of life as predictors of national resilience among six samples of students from Australia, Germany, Britain, South Korea, Israel and Greece (N=1199). Results indicated that the level of corruption and quality of life index significantly predicted national resilience: the lower the level of corruption and the higher the level of quality of life, the higher the national resilience reported. Comparing the two predictors indicated that the level of corruption is a better predictor of national resilience compared with the quality of life index. This study points to the significant link between national resilience and corruption among low-level countries in the world's corruption hierarchy.
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Blackberry, Irene, and Nicholas Morris. "The Impact of Population Ageing on Rural Aged Care Needs in Australia: Identifying Projected Gaps in Service Provision by 2032." Geriatrics 8, no. 3 (April 27, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8030047.
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This observational study examines and estimates the trends and impact of population ageing on rural aged care needs in Australia. With its universal health system and subsidised aged care system, Australia is among those countries with a long life expectancy. Being a geographically large country with a relatively small and dispersed population presents challenges for equitable access to aged care service provision. While this is widely acknowledged, there is little empirical evidence to demonstrate the magnitude and location of the aged care service provision gaps in the next decade. We performed time series analyses on administrative data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare GEN databases. The Aged Care Planning Regions (ACPR) were classified according to geographical remoteness using the Modified Monash Model scale. There is currently a shortfall of 2000+ places in residential aged care in rural and remote areas of Australia based on 2021 data. By 2032, population ageing will mean that an additional 3390 residential care places and around 3000 home care packages will be required in rural and remote communities alone. Geographical disparities in aged care exist in Australia and continue to worsen, requiring immediate action.
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Cebulla, Andreas. "Learning in a rich country: the normalisation of homelessness among apprentices in Australia." Journal of Youth Studies 19, no. 8 (March 2, 2016): 1061–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1145639.
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Gao, Jia. "Seeking Residency from the Courts: The Chinese Experience in the Post-White Australia Era." Journal of Chinese Overseas 7, no. 2 (2011): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325411x595404.
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Abstract In 1974 Australia officially abandoned its “White Australia” policy. Since then hundreds of thousands of Chinese have migrated to the country, first from Southeast Asian countries, then from Vietnam, Hong Kong and Taiwan before direct immigration from China resumed in the mid-1980s. Lately, Australia has placed more emphasis on admitting skilled and business migrants, but has still maintained an annual intake of tens of thousands of Chinese, making China the third largest source of overseas-born Australians. Many believe that the Chinese have come to Australia under its normal migration program, such as the skilled, business or family programs thus overlooking the fact that a high proportion of them have obtained their residency in Australia either directly or indirectly only after having gone through Court battles. This paper seeks to examine how many of the Chinese have fought for residency in the courts, and to outline the characteristics of their experience in the post-White Australia era. It aims to provide an analysis of the complex dimensions of global migration and transnational politics where certain aspects of socio-political life and politics of the immigrants’ home country have conflicted with the immigration policies and procedures of their receiving country and gradually become part of the politics of the host country.
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Abbas, Herawaty, Burhanuddin Arafah, Fathu Rahman, M. Amir Pattu, Fierenziana Getruida Junus, Mardiana E. Fachry, Waode Hanafiah, Rasynal Tenrisanna, and Abdul Manaf. "Ecological Literacy and Local Wisdom of Australian Aboriginal People in Welcome to My Country Written by Laklak Burarrwanga and Family." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 14, no. 5 (May 29, 2024): 1493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1405.22.
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The life of Aboriginal people in Australia has been depending on nature since thousands of years ago. The sources of their food are entirely of natural origin. Although they live in a nomadic way, they still maintain and protect the nature around them in order not to damage and become extinct. This research aims to explore ecological literacy (eco-literacy) and local wisdom of Aboriginal people to maintain a mutual symbiosis between man and nature, reflected in a non-fiction book entitled Welcome to My Country written by Laklak Burarrwanga and Family. This is descriptive qualitative research using the ecocriticism approach. The result shows that Australian Aboriginal people have much knowledge of eco-literacy that they apply in everyday life to maintain the sustainability of the ecosystem. Besides, they also have local wisdom they believe will bring good things in their life in terms of protecting their natural environment.
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Hayward, John A., Iain G. Johnston, Sally K. May, and Paul S. C. Taçon. "Memorialization and the Stencilled Rock Art of Mirarr Country, Northern Australia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431800015x.
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This paper addresses the motivations for producing the rare object stencils found in the rock art of western Arnhem Land. We present evidence for 84 stencils recorded as part of the Mirarr Gunwarddebim project in western Arnhem Land, northern Australia. Ranging from boomerangs to dilly bags, armlets and spearthrowers, this assemblage suggests something other than a common or ongoing culture practice of stencilling objects used in everyday life. Instead, we suggest that these stencils represent an entirely different function in rock art through a process of memorialization that was rare, opportunistic and highly selective.
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Oishi, Nana. "Voluntary Underclass?: Globalism, Temporality, and the Life Choices of Japanese Working Holiday Makers in Australia." Youth and Globalization 4, no. 1 (July 18, 2022): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-bja10022.
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Abstract The working holiday (wh) program is a cultural exchange program that offers youth ‘global experiences’ including short-term employment, travel, and/or study. Australia is the most popular destination for Japanese working holiday makers (whm s): over 10,000 Japanese whm s were in Australia before the pandemic hit the country in March 2020. Despite the fact that most had held secure white-collar jobs in Japan, they moved to Australia and voluntarily took precarious jobs in agriculture, hospitality, and childcare. What made them decide to accept such significant downward mobility and acquiesce to unfavorable conditions such as underpayment, non-payment, and sometimes even harassment? How did the covid-19 pandemic affect their lives in Australia? Based on data from surveys and qualitative interviews, this article analyses the relationship between globalism and a willingness for Japanese youth migrants to join the ‘underclass’ in Australia.
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Ratcliffe, Julie, Gang Chen, Elisabeth Huynh, Frank Xu, Katherine Stevens, John Brazier, and Joffre Swait. "OP55 Health Technology Assessment In Children And Adolescents: Adolescent Preferences For Child Health Utility 9D Health States." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700143x.
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INTRODUCTION:Preference-based measures of health-related quality of life play a key role in the calculation of Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) for Health Technology Assessment (HTA). The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) is a new preference-based instrument designed specifically for application in children and adolescents (aged 7 to 17 years). This study aimed to compare Chinese and Australian adolescent population preferences for CHU9D health states using profile case best worst scaling (BWS) methods.METHODS:Fifty CHU9D health states (blocked into five survey versions) were generated for valuation using a fractional factorial design. Study participants were recruited through an online panel company in Australia, and through primary and secondary schools in China. A latent class modelling framework was adopted for econometric analysis.RESULTS:A total of 1,982 respondents (51 percent female) in Australia and 902 respondents (43 percent female) in China provided useable survey responses. Latent class analysis indicated the existence of preference heterogeneity for both population groups. In the Australian sample, respondents in Class I placed the most importance on the mental health dimensions of the CHU9D (for example, Worried and Annoyed) and the least importance on daily activities (for example, Activities, Daily routine, Sleep), whilst respondents in Class II placed equal weights on all attributes. In the Chinese sample, respondents in Class I placed the most importance on the Activities dimension of the CHU9D and the least importance on the Annoyed dimension, whist Class II placed the most importance on the Schoolwork dimension and the least importance on Pain.CONCLUSIONS:This study has provided important cross-country insights into the use of profile case BWS methods to elicit health state preferences with young people for application in HTA in children and adolescents. The differential latent classes identified between Australia and China highlights the necessity to derive country-specific adolescent scoring algorithms for the CHU9D instrument for application in HTA.
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Loy-Wilson, Sophie. "A Chinese shopkeeper on the Atherton Tablelands: Tracing connections between regional Queensland and regional China in Taam Szu Pui's My life and work." Queensland Review 21, no. 2 (November 12, 2014): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2014.23.
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Chinese-run stores were a vital part of the regional communities that developed throughout Australia in the nineteenth century. Functioning variously as supply stores, post offices, banks, cook-shops, hotels and hiring depots, they helped to maintain links between regional areas and metropolitan centres, connecting local businesses to overseas markets. Chinese immigrants were a dominant part of this retail trade across the country. By 1901, there were 800 people of Chinese descent working in Queensland shops, while the South Australian census listed 400 Chinese shopkeepers for the same year.
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Aveyard, Karina. "What the Country Tells Us: The Place of the ‘Rural’ in Contemporary Studies of Cinema." Media International Australia 139, no. 1 (May 2011): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1113900116.
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Cinemas have an important place in the social and cultural life of many Australian rural towns. They are valued as spaces around which residents of isolated communities can gather and interact, and have a role in mediating concepts of identity and in promoting positive emotional attachment to place. Rural cinema histories suggest these aspects of non-metropolitan movie-going have been significant since the very early days of this screen format. This article examines the role of geography in shaping the circumstances and meaning of cinema-going in contemporary rural Australia. It also explores the connections between modern and historical film attendance practices, which hitherto have been obscured by scholarly neglect of the rural. These interrelationships suggest a basis for rethinking the ways in which cinema audiences are categorised and studied.
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Martins, Jo M. "Health Systems in Australia and Four Other Countries: choices and challenges." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v11i3.155.
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The purpose of health systems is the pursuit of healthy lives. The performance of the Australian health system over the last decade is compared with the United Kingdom and its three other offshoots: the United States, Canada and New Zealand. In the first instance, system performance is assessed in terms of threats to healthy lives from risk factors and changes that have taken place during the decade. In view of the emphasis of the five systems on the return to health after trauma and illness, and the human-resource intensity of health services, an appraisal is made of changes in the number of the major health professionals in relation to the growing populations. Then related changes in hospital, medical practitioner and dentist services are assessed. Changes in pharmaceutical drug prescriptions in Australian are also examined. The levels of national expenditures arising from the provision health services are then considered in the context of the costs of administration of the varied organisational modes, use of expensive medical technologies, pharmaceutical drug consumption and remuneration of health professionals. Finally, health outcomes in Australia and the other four countries are assessed in accordance with their human development level, life expectancy, potential years of life lost from different causes, as well as healthy life expectancies. Further, gaps in health and life expectancy of Indigenous people in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia are reviewed, as well as health and survival inequalities among people in different social strata in each country.
Abbreviations: GDP – Gross Domestic Product; HDI – Human Development Index.
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MURPHY, KATE. "‘The modern idea is to bring the country into the city’: Australian Urban Reformers and the Ideal of Rurality, 1900–1918*." Rural History 20, no. 1 (April 2009): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793308002616.
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AbstractIn the early twentieth century, Australians strove to create a rural civilisation through state legislation to encourage rural closer settlement. The fantasy that Australia might one day support a rural population of perhaps hundreds of millions endured despite the overwhelmingly urbanised character of the nation and the harsh realities of its environment. This rural dream was present not merely in the discourse surrounding the rural settlement imperative, but also inflected the language and modes of urban reform, as planners sought to ‘ruralise’ the urban environment to reflect something distinctive about Australian life. Previous scholarship addressing the rural ideal in Australian history, as well as urban history, has failed to interrogate these links. This article illuminates the power and ideological reach of rurality in the Australian nation-building project and pushes the boundaries of ‘rural history’ by considering the ways in which reformers sought to extend a projected Australian ‘rural civilisation’ into the cities.
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Romanenko, O. "Strategies of Australia’s Migration Policy: the Stages of Becoming, New Challenges and Responses to Today’s Threats." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-8.
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The article examines the Australia’s migration policy, the stages of its formation and development, the current situation. There are three stages of Australia’s post-World War II migration strategy: assimilation policy, integration policy, and a policy of cultural diversity and multiculturalism. This policy is regulated by the Australian Department of Immigration. Since its inception, the name of the Department has been changed more than ten times, reflecting the main directions of its activities and functions during these periods.
Summing up the results of the article, it can be said that the first head of the Department of Immigration in 1945 had promoted mass British immigration, proclaiming the slogan “Populate or Perish”, however the policy on immigrants and the name of the Department changed over time. In March 1996, the name of the institution had changed to the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, whose slogan was “Enriching Australia through migration”. The main idea of immigration strategy was to create a multicultural country with strong potential due to its diversity. In 2007, the concept of multiculturalism was excluded from the name of the structure; more emphasis in the work of the Department was placed on the recognition of national identity, based on a number of core values, which still contribute to the development of a multicultural society. And in 2017 Department of Home Affairs was officially established, which today deals with all migration issues.
The country has an Australian migration program at the beginning of the XXI century, which provides several main reasons why citizens of another country can enter the continent for long-term residence: student’s, qualified immigration (taking into account the professional experience, skills or qualifications required by Australian economy at the time), family reunification (family members living in Australia), special circumstances (return of Australian citizens who have previously left the country). There is also a humanitarian program for refugee’s migration and adaptation to Australian life.
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Balasubramanian, Madhan, David S. Brennan, A. John Spencer, and Stephanie D. Short. "‘Newness–struggle–success’ continuum: a qualitative examination of the cultural adaptation process experienced by overseas-qualified dentists in Australia." Australian Health Review 40, no. 2 (2016): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15040.
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Objectives Overseas-qualified dentists constitute a significant proportion of the Australian dental workforce (approximately one in four). The aim of the present study was to provide a better understanding of the cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia, so as to facilitate their integration into the Australian way of life and improve their contribution to Australian healthcare, economy and society. Methods Life stories of 49 overseas-qualified dentists from 22 countries were analysed for significant themes and patterns. We focused on their settlement experience, which relates to their social and cultural experience in Australia. This analysis was consistent with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to qualitative social scientific research. Results Many participants noted that encounters with ‘the Australian accent’ and ‘slang’ influenced their cultural experience in Australia. Most of the participants expressed ‘fascination’ with the people and lifestyle in Australia, primarily with regard to the relaxed way of life, cultural diversity and the freedom one usually experiences living in Australia. Few participants expressed ‘shock’ at not being able to find a community of similar religious faith in Australia, as they are used to in their home countries. These issues were analysed in two themes; (1) language and communication; and (2) people, religion and lifestyle. The cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia is described as a continuum or superordinate theme, which we have entitled the ‘newness–struggle–success’ continuum. This overarching theme supersedes and incorporates all subthemes. Conclusion Family, friends, community and organisational structures (universities and public sector) play a vital role in the cultural learning process, affecting overseas-qualified dentist’s ability to progress successfully through the cultural continuum. What is known about the topic? Australia is a popular host country for overseas-qualified dentists. Migrant dentists arrive from contrasting social and cultural backgrounds, and these contrasts can be somewhat more pronounced in dentists from developing countries. To date, there is no evidence available regarding the cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia or elsewhere. What does this paper add? This study provides evidence to support the argument that the cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia can be viewed as a continuum state, where the individual learns to adapt to the people, language and lifestyle in Australia. The ongoing role of family and friends is primary to a successful transition process. Our research also identifies the positive role played by community and organisational structures, such as universities and public sector employment schemes. What are the implications for practitioners? A potential implication for policy makers is to focus on the positive roles played by organisational structures, particularly universities and the public sector. This can inform more supportive migration policy, as well as strengthen the role these organisations play in providing support for overseas-qualified dentists, thus enabling them to integrate more successfully into Australia’s health care system, economy and society.
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Martin, Toby. "Dougie Young and political resistance in early Aboriginal country music." Popular Music 38, no. 03 (October 2019): 538–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143019000291.
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AbstractCountry music has a reputation for being the music of the American white working-class South and being closely aligned with conservative politics. However, country music has also been played by non-white minorities and has been a vivid way of expressing progressive political views. In the hands of the Indigenous peoples of Australia, country music has often given voice to a form of life-writing that critiques colonial power. The songs of Dougie Young, dating from the late 1950s, provide one of the earliest and most expressive examples of this use of country music. Young's songs were a type of social-realist satire and to be fully understood should be placed within the broader socio-political context of 1950s and 1960s Australia. Young's legacy was also important for Aboriginal musicians in the 1990s and the accompanying reassessment of Australia's colonial past. Country music has provided particular opportunities for minority and Indigenous groups seeking to use popular culture to tell their stories. This use of country music provides a new dimension to more conventional understandings of its political role.
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Liu, Shuang, Sharon Dane, Cindy Gallois, Catherine Haslam, and Tran Le Nghi Tran. "The Dynamics of Acculturation Among Older Immigrants in Australia." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120927461.
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This study explores different acculturation pathways that older immigrants follow, and the social/cultural identities they claim (or do not claim), as they live and age in Australia. Data were collected from 29 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with older immigrants (65+ years) from nine cultural backgrounds. We used participants’ self-defined cultural identity to explore how these cultural identities were enacted in different contexts. Mapping self-defined cultural identity with narratives about what participants do in relation to ethnic and host cultures, we found three dynamic acculturation pathways: (a) identifying with the ethnic culture while embracing aspects of Australian culture, (b) identifying with Australian culture while participating in the ethnic culture, and (c) identifying with both cultures while maintaining the way of life of the ethnic culture. These pathways show that acculturation strategies are not necessarily consistent with self-defined identity, within the same individual or over time. Rather, the participants’ narratives suggest that their life in the settlement country involves ongoing negotiation across people, culture, and relationships. The findings highlight the importance for acculturation research to be situated in the context in which immigrants find themselves, to capture the nuances of these dynamic acculturation experiences.
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Ames, David. "Australia (Melbourne)." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 9 (September 1992): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.9.552.
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Australia is a unique, geologically ancient island continent. Its flora and fauna are unlike those found anywhere else and the same may be said of its people, politics and health services. The population of 17.3 millions represents a multicultural mix, with an anglo-celtic core conflated by sustained post-war immigration from southern Europe, Turkey, southeast Asia and south America. One in five current Australians was born elsewhere, one in ten comes from a non-English speaking background, and a quarter of those born here have a parent who was born overseas. Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders form 1.4% of the total population. They have third world mortality figures but die of first world diseases, their life expectancy being 20 years less than that of other Australians. Two hundred and four years after what they see as the British invasion, their standard of living lags far behind all other socio-cultural groups in the country. Most members of the Aboriginal community do not live long enough to develop Alzheimer's disease, but it and other age-related diseases are emerging as the major determinants of health costs as Australia moves towards the 21st century.
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Franchina, Carlo, Rod Henderson, and Praneel Nand. "Getting the message across—taxation contribution of the petroleum industry in Australia." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14067.
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With the global move towards tax transparency reporting measures, resource companies face challenges in ensuring that reporting captures the full extent of revenues contributed by resource companies and also correctly reports the project and profitability life cycles of resource companies. This extended abstract focuses on the global tax transparency debate and highlights the challenges for large Australian and global oil and gas businesses in demonstrating their payment of their fair share of tax and contributing to the communities in which they operate. Issues to be covered include: A summary of the revenue contribution of oil and gas companies in Australia through the layers of taxation, such as state royalties, the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and corporate income taxes. Highlighting the types and rates of taxes paid by Australian oil and gas companies compared to other selected countries. A comparison of the concessions granted to Australian oil and gas companies to other countries. A historical summary of taxes paid by Australian oil and gas companies. A summary of existing and developing transparency reporting, such as the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) reporting of taxpayers with revenues more than A$100 million, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, Dodd Frank rules, OECD country-by-country reporting, and BEPS developments. Recommendations to get the message across; that is, what should be the common ground on reporting the actual overall global tax liability including income tax, resource taxes, employment taxes and indirect taxes.
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Anwar, Desvalini. "REPRESENTASI MULTIKULTURALISME AUSTRALIA DALAM PUISI WOGS KARYA ANIA WALWICZ." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v1i1.1231.
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This paper discusses how far the poem ‘Wogs’ shows the representation of multiculturalism in Australia. The analysis of the poem shows that the establishment of The Australia Multicultural Policy that was planned to create harmony among the Australia plural society, on the other hand, has caused some tensions particularly between the majority of Anglo-Celtic Australians (referred as AKA in this analysis) and the migrants of non-Anglo-Celtic descendants in Australia (referred as n-AK). The majority class represents the non-Anglo-Celtic migrants in their country as a threat towards their life-- a threat towards the purity of Anglo-Celtic’s blood, a threat in the job fields, a threat that can lower the Australian high living standard even as a threat that is ambitious to invade the nation. However, at the same time, the poem itself also tries to construct this representation made by the Anglo-Celtic by showing alternative representations, for example: the Anglo-Celtic Australians as lazy citizens, the Anglo-Celtic Australians that are racists and the Anglo-Celtic Australians as the invader of Australia. Thus, by constructing meanings in the poem, we can see that the realities represented by the representative is not real, or not the same as those made by the represented.
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Radev, Zheko. "Comparing protein content of pollen and his impact on the lenght of life of honeybees." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25905.
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The objective of the research work was to compare the protein content of pollen from some plants visited frequently by honey bees in Bulgarian and Australian flora, and study the length of life of worker honey bees fed by pollen with different protein content. In this study the number of the same floral species, were described nine. Most number of favorite plants for honey bees are from Asteraceae – 5. The percentage of the total protein content in the compared bee-collected pollen grains ranged from: 11.5% for Chondrilla juncea to 25.1% for that of Brassica napus, and the average value was 18.5% for Bulgarian species, and 13.8% for Helianthus annuus to 25.9% for that of Trifolium repens, and the average value was 19.3% for Australian species. It is made a systematic comparison between Bulgarian and Australian protein content in pollen, but significant differences of the two groups were not found. Proteins are one of the the main components of honey bee-collected pollen, and can vary among different pollen plant species source. The very similar results in Bulgarian study compared to the published ones note the conservatism of pollen, despite the very long distance between Bulgaria and Australia, but having in mind if the Australian results come from inside country. It could be said that the honey bees in Bulgaria and Australia consume pollen with the same amount protein content from the same floral species. The length of live of worker bees ranged from 25 days when they consumed pollen from Brassica napus (25.1% protein content) to 14.3 days when they consumed pollen from Zea mays (17%). The present study was performed to make also a systematic comparison between length of life worker bees fed by pollen with different protein content and significant differences were found. The worker honey bees lived longer when they consumed pollen with higher protein content.
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Tan, Verity, Pablo R. Dias, Nathan Chang, and Rong Deng. "Estimating the Lifetime of Solar Photovoltaic Modules in Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095336.
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Determining the lifetime of solar photovoltaic modules is integral to planning future installations and ensuring effective end-of-life management. The lifetime of photovoltaic modules is most commonly considered to be 25 years based on performance guarantees of 80% power output after 25 years of operation; however, influences including climatic conditions, social behaviour, fiscal policy, and technological improvements have the potential to prompt early replacement. Therefore, this work aims to estimate the operating lifetime of photovoltaic panels more accurately in Australia by considering a variety of technical, economic, and social reasons for decommissioning. Based on a range of sources including government organisations, other policymakers, regulators and advisors, energy suppliers, researchers, recyclers, and manufacturers, three lifetime models—power decrease, damage and technical failures, and economic motivation—were developed and then weighted in three scenarios to form overall views of panel lifetime in Australia. In addition, it was concluded that the module lifetime will vary considerably between countries due to differences in market factors. Therefore, these results specifically address Australia as most of the input data were sourced from Australian industry reports and Australian photovoltaic systems and interpreted within the context of the Australian photovoltaic market. However, the methodology of estimating lifetime based on both technical and non-technical factors can be applied to other scenarios by using country-specific data. With the popularity of photovoltaic technology beginning in the early 2010s and given the practical lifetimes of 15–20 years found in this work, Australia will need to act swiftly within the next three years to responsibly manage the looming solar panel waste.
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Skorobogatykh, Natalia. "Florence Bjelke-Petersen: Love and Politics." ISTORIYA 14, no. 4 (126) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026008-7.
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This biographical sketch traces the life path of one of the famous women of the Commonwealth of Australia — Senator and wife of J. Bjelke-Petersen, the head of the Queensland government, who led this state for almost 20 years. This couple has always attracted the closest public attention in Australia. Unlike her husband, whose activities divided society into the ardent admirers and the irreconcilable opponents of “Bjelkism” in politics, Florence Bjelke-Petersen managed to win the sympathy of many fellow citizens by her example both as a faithful wife and caring mother, and as a thinking politician of the National Party of Australia, often acting on her own in the 1980s and early 1990s. However, in our country, she was almost never mentioned as well as many representatives of the right flank in the political life of the Commonwealth of Australia.
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Coates, Donna. "Happy is the Land that Needs No Heroes." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/3 (September 17, 2018): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.3.06.
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This essay interrogates two articles by the Canadian historian Jeff Keshen and the Australian historian Mark Sheftall, which assert that the representations of soldiers in the First World War (Anzacs in Australia, members of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, the CEF), are comparable. I argue, however, that in reaching their conclusions, these historians have either overlooked or insufficiently considered a number of crucial factors, such as the influence the Australian historian/war correspondent C. E. W. Bean had on the reception of Anzacs, whom he venerated and turned into larger-than-life men who liked fighting and were good at it; the significance of the “convict stain” in Australia; and the omission of women writers’ contributions to the “getting of nationhood” in each country. It further addresses why Canadians have not embraced Vimy (a military victory) as their defining moment in the same way as Australians celebrate the landing at Anzac Cove (a military disaster), from which they continue to derive their sense of national identity. In essence, this essay advances that differences between the two nations’ representations of soldiers far outweigh any similarities.
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Holmes, Jim. "Vale Doug Campbell (1939–2023)." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v12n2.967.
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Doug Campbell commenced his life and career in Canada. He joined the Australian telecommunications sector in mid-career and made extended contributions in many different senior management positions in Telecom Australia and Telstra, particularly in modernising the Telstra network, in establishing and managing Telstra Country Wide, and, then, in the early phase of the national broadband network, in NBN Co. Doug died on 2 December 2023, and is sadly missed by his family, friends and former colleagues. This tribute, to which many have contributed, seeks to set Doug’s life and career in the context of the times. He was at the table, often as the key decision-maker, during many of the significant changes in the telecommunications industry during the last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.
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Raymer, James, and Bernard Baffour. "Subsequent Migration of Immigrants Within Australia, 1981–2016." Population Research and Policy Review 37, no. 6 (July 31, 2018): 1053–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-018-9482-4.
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Abstract Australia is a major immigration country and immigrants currently represent around 28% of the total population. The aim of this research is to understand the long-term consequences of this immigration and, particularly, how migrants respond to opportunities within the country after arriving through the process of subsequent (internal) migration. The focus is on major immigrant groups in Australia, including persons born in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, China and India, and how their patterns differ from persons born in Australia. To conduct this analysis, we have gathered data for a 35-year period based on quinquennial census data. We also obtained birthplace-specific mortality data for constructing multiregional life tables for the immigrant populations. Subsequent migration is important for understanding population redistribution, and the relative attractiveness of destinations within host countries. Our results highlight the importance of subsequent migration and the diversity of migration behaviours amongst different immigrant groups in the context of overall declines in internal migration since 1981.
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Xiong, Xueying, and Hoon Han. "Will my parents come to Australia when retired? Later-life transnational migration intentions of Chinese parents." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i2.68.
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Background China is the second largest source country of immigrants to Australia every year. The elderly parents of these working-age immigrants in Australia usually visit their children on a tourist visa, which allows short term family gatherings. These visits do not require much effort. However, when it comes to long-term transnational migration, the decision becomes hard to make and often involves complex factors, such as personal preferences and lifestyle choices.
Aims This paper aims to examine the later-life transnational migration intentions of elderly Chinese parents and how the parents’ intentions are affected by personal preferences, personality and lifestyle differences between the generations.
Data and methods This paper uses data from a two-stage study including an online survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in Sydney from October 2018 to May 2019 with both caregivers (adult children who are first-generation immigrants living in Australia) and their elderly parents.
Results The study found that external contributors such as language barriers and transport dependence in Australia, and existing social ties as well as another adult child living in China, have a negative influence on moving to Australia.
Conclusions Elderly parents with an optimistic and outgoing personality are more likely to consider moving to Australia compared to those who are more conservative. Foremost, conflicts due to different lifestyles between the generations reduces the possibility of parents’ later-life migration to Australia.
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Skorobogatykh, N. S. "Aboriginal women in Australia: from domestic workers to big politics. Part 2. Political arena." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 1(46) (2020): 426–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-1-1-46-426-440.
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In this part of the article analyzes the participation of aboriginal women in the political life of their country and their activity on the parliamentary arena. The main character is Linda Burney, whose life and work vividly embodies the main features of the modern stage in the Australian indigenous peoples’ human rights movement
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Szulc, Adam. "Changing mortality distribution in developed countries from 1970 to 2010: looking at averages and beyond them." Statistics in Transition new series 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 467–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.59170/stattrans-2016-027.
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The methods typically developed in income inequality and poverty research are employed to observe changes in life spans distribution in 35 developed countries. The analyses are performed at two levels, using the same methods when possible: i/ taking the countries as the units with a mean length of life being a single parameter representing the distribution, ii/ utilizing the country life tables (taking people as the units) in order to compare other than mean length of life attributes of mortality distribution. Increasing divergence in the mean length of life across the countries is due to growing distance of the countries below the median, mainly the post-communist ones, to the upper half. The comparisons of the within-country distributions of ages at death by means of the Kullback-Leibler divergence provides similar results. However, poverty and inequality indices calculated at this level yield opposite conclusions. Hence, most of the between-country variation might be attributed to the variation in the mean length of life while the changes in within-country inequality reduced this effect. At the same time, huge alterations in the within-country mortality rankings can be observed. Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Austria and Luxembourg may be said to be the “winners” while most of the post-communist countries are among the “losers”.
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Thach, Sarah B., Bryan Hodge, Misty Cox, Anna Beth Parlier-Ahmad, and Shelley L. Galvin. "Cultivating Country Doctors: Preparing Learners for Rural Life and Community Leadership." Family Medicine 50, no. 9 (October 2, 2018): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2018.972692.
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Background and Objectives: Rural health disparities are growing, and medical schools and residency programs need new approaches to encourage learners to enter and stay in rural practice. Top correlates of rural practice are rural upbringing and rurally located training, yet preparation for rural practice plays a role. The authors sought to explore how selected programs develop learners’ competencies associated with rural placement and retention: rural life, community engagement, and community leadership. Methods: Qualitative, semistructured phone interviews (n=20) were conducted with faculty of medical schools or family medicine residencies across the United States, Canada, Australia, and South Africa in which success in training rural practitioners was identified in the literature or by leaders of the National Rural Health Association’s Rural Medical Educators Group. Participants included 18 physician program directors, one nonphysician program administrator, and one PhD researcher who had studied rural preparation. Interview transcripts were read twice using an inductive process: first to identify themes, and then to identify specific strategies and quotes to exemplify each theme. Results: Participants’ recommendations for rural preparation were: (1) Be intentional about strategies to prepare learners for rural practice; (2) Identify and cultivate rural interest; (3) Develop confidence and competence to meet rural community needs; (4) Teach skills in negotiating dual relationships, leading, and improving community health; and (5) Fully engage rural host communities throughout the training process. Conclusions: Medical schools and residencies may increase the likelihood of producing rural physicians by implementing these experts’ strategies. Educators may select strategies that mesh with the structure and location of their training program.
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Bartleet, Brydie-Leigh. "Building vibrant school–community music collaborations: three case studies from Australia." British Journal of Music Education 29, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051711000350.
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This paper explores the relationship between school music and community music in Australia. While many Australian schools and community music activities tend to exist in relative isolation from one another, a range of unique school–community collaborations can be found throughout the country. Drawing on insights from Sound Links, one of Australia's largest studies into community music, this paper explores three case studies of these unique school–community collaborations. These collaborations include a community-initiated collaboration, a school-initiated collaboration and a mutual collaboration. The author brings these collaborations to life for the reader through the words and experiences of their participants, and explores their structures, relationships, benefits, and educational and social outcomes. These descriptions feature important concepts, which could be transferred to a range of other cultural and educational settings in order to foster more vibrant school–community collaborations.
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Zvegintseva, Irina A. "A Criminal as the Main Movie Character, or Old Themes and New Solutions." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik83115-125.
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The former British colony, emerged as a place of exile for the most dangerous criminals and unreliable people from the metropolis, Australia began its existence very unenviable, appearing on the world map called "The Earths hell", which was used to frighten children in Europe. The fact is: the gene fund of the nation - the convicts, their guards, and adventurers came from all over Europe in hope of a better life. The first half of the 19th century Australia, in fact, remained a giant reforming home, a jail. And whatever paradoxical it might explain the significant number of films shot in the 20th and in 21st centuries with criminals as protagonists. When touching upon permanent plots and problems in Australian cinema, it should be noted that the "eternal" love of the inhabitants of the Green continent to the favorite national hero Ned Kelly, a former convict and burglar has not disappeared. In the minds of the Australians the burglar has become a symbol of the fighter against injustice, a sort of "Australian Robin Hood". The main characters of the movies were bushrangers in Australia called escaped convicts, pariahs of the society, hunting armed robberies and burglaries, hiding from justice in the vast valleys of the Australian Bush. Here, incidentally, there is a parallel with the American film industry that also has surpasses the rank of the most beloved and popular criminals in the country from Al Capone, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow up to Bugsy Siegel and John Dillinger. But soon such films were banned because of the monopolies of the USA and the UK movies on the Australian market. However, life itself has started to supply filmmakers with the stories that hardly could come to the minds of writers with the wildest imagination. The real horrible crimes and not less real maniacs, sadists, pedophiles, whose actions have forced to shudder the whole society, both in the past and the present, formed the basis of a number of films shot in Australia. The analysis of these movies, the authors' position, the artistic value of works have become the target of this article.
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Skorobogatykh, N. S. "Aboriginal women in Australia: from domestic workers to big politics. Part 1. For public service." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 1(46) (2020): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-1-1-46-194-208.
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The article attempts to give an overview of the women participation in the aboriginal human rights movement in Australia. It traces the path of women activists and their role in the social and political life of this country. In Part 1 the main attention is paid to the sphere of public service, which became the meaning of the life for the first generation of aboriginal women human rights defenders.
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Taufiq, Wahyu. "A case study of an ESL Student learning English in an English Speaking Country." PEDAGOGIA: Jurnal Pendidikan 5, no. 2 (September 17, 2016): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pedagogia.v5i2.262.
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Different students who learn English as the second language has various problems and strategies to overcome. A case study on an international student who learns English as a second language in an English speaking country raised some problems he had and offered some strategies he used during the process of learning. The progress of learning from the first time coming and studying at a college in Australia was mainly the core data collected on this study. The data copes from his formal academic learning experience and also from informal situation that he met at his everyday life. This study applied qualitative research method and use interview and recording as the instruments. The data were analized through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the learner experiences a range of English learning problems which happened after his coming to Australia and some strategies he used to overcome.
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Goldstein, David, Ming Sze, Melanie Bell, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Maurice Eisenbruch, Afaf Girgis, Lisa Vaccaro, and Phyllis Noemi Butow. "Disparities in quality-of-life outcomes in immigrant cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16507-e16507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16507.
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e16507 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer patients having anti-cancer treatment. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer patients were recruited through outpatient Oncology clinics in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Northern Territory in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grand parents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer < 1 year previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Adjusted regression models comparing AA and IM groups included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis, and cancer type (colorectal, breast, lung, other). Results: There were 910 participants (response rate 57%). IM were similar to AA, except that IM were more likely to be married (76 vs 67 %, p = 0.01) and in the low and the highly educated groups (p < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses, IMs had clinically significant higher anxiety, greater unmet information and physical needs and lower quality of life than AAs (see table). The possible ranges are 0-21 for anxiety and depression, and 0-100 otherwise. Conclusions: In this hospital-based study with a high rate of advanced disease, immigrants with cancer experienced poorer quality of life outcomes, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic, and disease variables. Interventions are required to improve their experience of cancer care. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regards to provision of information and meeting support and physical needs). [Table: see text]
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Harisudin, M. Noor. "The Study of Australian Government Policies on Maqasid al-Sharia Perspective." Justicia Islamica 18, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v18i2.2772.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the Australian government policies from the perspective of Maqasid al-Shari’a. The performance of policies focusing on the study is traffic laws, taxes, the environment, and anti-domestic violence. In several literature pieces, Maqasid al-Shari’a is defined as the purpose, objective, and secret set by Allah SWT in every Sharia law. Maqasid al-Shari’a is also defined as “something that is the goal (Shari) of Allah in making law.” In addition to being ‘ammah (general), khassah (unique), and juz’iyah (parts), in Islam, Maqasid al-Shari’a is based on five main points as follows: protecting religion, protecting the soul, protecting reason, protecting property, and protecting descendants. After conducting in-depth interviews with several informants, books, journals and tracing the laws on traffic, tax, environment, and anti-domestic violence in Australia, the conclusion is that the Australian government policies are based on Maqasid al-Shari’a in one part. However, it is not a country based on religion or Sharia in the other part. Australia is a liberal country providing freedom for its citizens to have faith or no belief. However, in several other respects, it appears that the Australian government’s policies are against the Maqasid al-Shari’a, such as the ability to drink heavily in limited spaces, the life of same-sex marriages, and so on. This article is critical in developing policy studies of the non-Islamic countries on Maqasid al-Shari’a perspective.Artikel ini membahas tentang kebijakan pemerintah Australia dalam perspektif Maqashid Syariah. Kebijakan yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian dimaksud adalah undang-undang lalu lintas, pajak, lingkungan hidup dan anti kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Dalam sejumlah literatur, Maqashid Sharia sendiri diartikan sebagai maksud, tujuan dan rahasia yang ditetapkan oleh Allah SWT pada setiap hukum Syariah. Maqashid Syariah juga didefinisikan sebagai "sesuatu yang menjadi tujuan (Syari) Allah dalam mensyariatkan hukum”. Selain ada yang bersifat ‘ammah (umum), khassah (khusus) dan juz’iyah (bagian-bagian), dalam Islam Maqashid Syariah didasarkan pada lima hal pokok utama sebagaimana berikut; menjaga agama, menjaga jiwa, menjaga akal, menjaga harta, dan menjaga keturunan. Setelah melakukan wawancara yang mendalam pada sejumlah informan, penelusuran pada buku, jurnal dan undang-undang lalu lintas, pajak, lingkungan hidup dan anti kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Australia, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah Australia secara nyata sebagian telah didasarkan pada maqashid syariah, namun pada sebagian yang lain masih belum sesuau maqasyid syariah. Australia adalah negara liberal yang memberikan kebebasan bagi warganya untuk beragama atau tidak beragama. Namun demikian, dalam beberapa hal yang lain, terlihat kebijakan pemerintah Australia yang bertentangan dengan maqasyid sharia seperti kebolehan minumuan keras pada ruang terbatas, hidupnya perkawinan sejenis, dan sebagainya. Artikel ini memberi konstribusi penting dalam studi kebijakan pemerintah Negara bukan Islam dalam perspektif maqashid syariah.
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Bourke, Sharon L., Claire Harper, Elianna Johnson, Janet Green, Ligi Anish, Miriam Muduwa, and Linda Jones. "Health Care Experiences in Rural, Remote, and Metropolitan Areas of Australia." Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 21, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i1.652.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Australia is a vast land with extremes in weather and terrain. Disparities exist between the health of those who reside in the metropolitan areas versus those who reside in the rural and remote areas of the country. Australia has a public health system called Medicare; a basic level of health cover for all Australians that is funded by taxpayers. Most of the hospital and health services are located in metropolitan areas, however for those who live in rural or remote areas the level of health service provision can be lower; with patients required to travel long distances for health care.
Purpose: This paper will explore the disparities experienced by Australians who reside in regional and remote areas of Australia.
Method: A search of the literature was performed from healthcare databases using the search terms: healthcare, rural and remote Australia, and social determinants of health in Australia.
Findings: Life in the rural and remote areas of Australia is identified as challenging compared to the metropolitan areas. Those with chronic illnesses such as diabetes are particularly vulnerable to morbidities associated with poor access to health resources and the lack of service provision.
Conclusion: Australia has a world class health system. It has been estimated that 70% of the Australian population resides in large metropolitan areas and remaining 30% distributed across rural and remote communities. This means that 30% of the population are not experiencing their health care as ‘world-class’, but rather are experiencing huge disparities in their health outcomes.
Keywords: rural and remote, health access, mental health issues, social determinants
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i1.652
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БОЧАРОВА, Мария Егоровна, and Виктор Николаевич МОНАХОВ. "MEDIA LAW IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA: CURRENT TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT." Труды по Интеллектуальной Собственности 46, no. 3 (August 21, 2023): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/tis.2023.17798.
Full textAbstract:
In the modern era, the not at all new maxim that information rules the world is getting a new, this time “digital-platform” confirmation of its truth. With the emergence of global online platforms in the 1990s, the categories of “freedom of speech”, “freedom of mass information" and “freedom of self-expression”, while gradually changing the technological formats of their embodiment and implementation, keep their democratic essence and role in the processes of personal, public and state development unchanged.
As humankind enters its next information cycle, roughly covering the first decades of the 21st century, institutional and regulatory potential of the historically “youngest” information and communication freedom — the freedom of web-based (online) information and communication — is gradually taking shape, gaining institutional and regulatory potential. Like its antecedents (freedom of speech, press, radio and television broadcasting), it requires a certain upgrade of its social regulatory mechanisms as it “matures” and enters into the life of global, national and regional societies.
It is the context of the implementation of this kind of innovation on the example of a specific country — Australia — that determines the basic subject of this article, its main essential component. Specific and topical manifestations of this essence are analyzed by the authors of this article using examples of legal and other regulatory systems in the Australian media sphere. For example, one of the subjects of analysis is the question of how is Australia coping with the challenge of updating its social regulatory mechanisms in the media sphere. And, as a logical consequence of the former, is there any position in Australia's relevant experience that is worthy of reception in other legal and ethical orders?
Focusing on these issues the authors review some of the most interesting decisions taken by the Australian government over the past decade. The authors also analyse the current law and other regulatory mechanisms and instruments in Australia aimed at regulating the mass media public relations in this country as well as the main trends of their development. In particular, such as pioneer (Australia is a recognised pioneer in this sphere of legal regulation!) changes in the regulation of digital media platforms on the example of Google and Facebook (from October 28, 2021 — Meta Platforms, Inc. in Russia, admitted as extremist organization by the Moscow Tverskoi Court), and quite specific modifications of Australian national defamation law.