Academic literature on the topic 'Country Fire Authority'
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Journal articles on the topic "Country Fire Authority"
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Tyler, Meagan, Lisa Carson, and Benjamin Reynolds. "Are fire services ‘extremely gendered’ organizations? Examining the Country Fire Authority (CFA) in Australia." Gender, Work & Organization 26, no. 9 (July 29, 2019): 1304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12393.
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Jones, S. D., M. F. Garvey, and G. J. Hunter. "Where's the fire? Quantifying uncertainty in a wildfire threat model." International Journal of Wildland Fire 13, no. 1 (2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf02050.
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Models of wildfire threat are often used in the management of fire-prone areas for purposes such as planning fire education campaigns and the deployment of fire prevention and suppression resources. While the use of spatial or geographic data is common to all wildfire threat models, the key question arises: Is the accuracy of the spatial data used in wildfire threat models sufficient for the intended decision-making purpose? To help answer this question, a quantitative uncertainty assessment technique was applied to a wildfire threat model used by the Country Fire Authority in Victoria, Australia. The technique simulates known or estimated spatial data error by modifying data values to represent the range of all probable errors present in the input dataset. The wildfire threat model is then run multiple times using these modified ‘error’ layers in order to simulate and observe the effect these errors have on the model outputs. For the model concerned, the results suggest that errors in digital elevation surfaces have only minimal impact upon the outputs, resulting in relatively stable wildfire management decisions. On the other hand inaccuracies in land cover maps (with implied differences in fuel load estimations) result in larger changes in the model outputs, whereas changes in fire weather data can result in highly unstable outputs. Knowledge of these effects can facilitate better wildfire management since any improvements that are to be made to the model’s accuracy can be focussed directly upon the problem datasets.
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Ręcławowicz, Stanisław, and Janusz Adam Wrzesiński. "Krajowy system ratowniczo-gaśniczy w systemie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 106 (December 13, 2016): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.106.28.
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NATIONAL FIREFIGHTING AND RESCUE SYSTEM NFRS IN THE STATE INTERNAL SECURITY SYSTEMNational Firefighting and Rescue System was formed on 1 January 1995 under the Act of 24August 1991. The Act, which initiated achange in our state internal security system, changing its paramilitary character into civilian. Despite the laws of abygone era of communism the creation of the State Fire Service as aseparate formation within the Ministry of Internal Affairs allowed „the exclusion” of organizational units of the fire brigade of the Civil Defence so-called „rescue units group”.This formation was obliged to create the National Rescue and Fire Fighting, possessing the power switch to the system of other units of fire protection services, inspections, internships, institutions and entities that voluntarily on the basis of acivil contract agreed to cooperate in rescue operations.This system gives permission to the Chief Commander in the State Fire Service, Provincial and District Heads to determine respectively in the country, province or district the tasks, coordinate operation and manage it in extreme situation.The Provincial Governor and the District Head carry out their tasks with the appropriate provincial and district crisis management team, operating under the Act of 26 April 2007. Crisis Management Dz.U. Journal of Laws No. 89, item. 590, as amended. Amendment 2.The Village Head has the authority supervised by the mayor or city president, who coordinates the operation of the National Firefighting and Rescue System within the municipality to the extent determined by the Provincial Governor. In other words, the system enables the interaction of organizational units of government, local government, private entities and public benefit organizations. The relevant Governors play ameaningful role in this system. They perform tasks and powers of the State Fire Service with the help of provincial commanders of the State Fire Service in the province.
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Setyo Palupi, Listyati. "Towards sustainable cities and communities: Is psychological preparedness include in the disaster risk reduction policy framework in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234003009.
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Indonesia geographical location that surrounded by Australia plate, Pacific plate, and Eurasia plate has made the country exposed to disasters. Natural hazard that often happen in Indonesia are flood, volcanic eruption, earthquake, landslide, land fire, cyclone, extreme wave. The impact of disaster was devastating economically, socially and psychologically for affected community as well for the whole nation. Indonesia National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has noted that average losses caused by disaster is 30 trillion rupiah per year. Studies found that preparing individual to face disaster could help to reduce the impact of the disaster. However, the effort is still not enough and yet Indonesia is still suffering a great loss due to disasters. The disaster preparedness program that was available was mostly focused in technically prepare people and neglect the importance of psychologically prepare people to face disaster. The purpose of the study is to analyse current disaster risk reduction policy framework in Indonesia, examine whether the current policy framework has address and includes psychological preparedness for disaster and propose a solution for designing appropriate policy to reduce psychological impact of disaster.
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Setiawan, Tedy, Fatkhan, and Ramadhani Yasyfi Cysela. "Landslide Monitoring using Inclinometer with Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 873, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012024.
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Abstract Being located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and a tectonically active country, Indonesia has to cope with the constant risk of volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods and landslides. Landslides and other mass movements are serious geo-environmental hazards in Indonesia. Following report from the Indonesia National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB), landslides are among high disaster death toll throughout the archipelago. It claimed 248 lives last year alone. The number of landslides in Indonesia increase steadily to 376 in 2014 from 291 in 2012. Hence, landslide monitoring system is required to determine style of landslide movement, for risk and even emergency risk management assessments and to assist with the design of mitigation works. A landslide instrumentation program including an inclinometer is designed for landslide monitoring. The inclinometer, or tilt sensor, is an instrument used for measuring slope, tilt, or inclination. In this paper we use Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) as a sensor to measure changes in an angle. Then information is transferred to a central server soon after real-time accelerations are monitored. A data logger also used as a data recording. With low-cost MEMS accelerometers, the results show this instrument is able to provide reliable ground-motion data in network-scale deployments.
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Forsyth, Anthony. "Industrial legislation in Australia in 2016." Journal of Industrial Relations 59, no. 3 (May 22, 2017): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617693876.
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After three years of trying, the Coalition Government finally succeeded in obtaining passage of several key workplace reform statutes in 2016. This followed the outcome of the federal election held on 2 July, delivering the Government a differently composed Senate and a new opportunity to secure support for its legislative program. This review article explains key aspects of the industrial legislation passed by federal Parliament in 2016, including statutes abolishing the specialist road transport industry tribunal, re-establishing the Howard-era regulator for the construction industry, and setting up a new agency to enforce enhanced governance and accountability standards for registered unions and employer organisations. Legislative amendments aimed at resolving the long-running bargaining dispute in Victoria’s Country Fire Authority are also considered, along with the Government’s muted response to the 2015 Productivity Commission review of the workplace relations framework. The article then examines developments at state level, including a major rewrite of Queensland’s industrial legislation, structural changes in New South Wales, and proposed changes to long service leave and the labour hire sector in Victoria. It concludes by noting the irony that just as the federal Government has tasted some success after a long legislative ‘dry spell’, its labour law reform agenda appears limited and piecemeal.
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Rashid, Muhammad. "Health Impacts on Pregnant Females during Disasters in Pakistan." International Journal of Frontier Sciences 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v1i2.26.
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Introduction: Pakistan is vulnerable to many hazards due to its geography and climate condition, like floods, earthquakes, droughts and landslides. Some manmade hazards also provoking us like, road traffic accidents, fire, structural collapse, radiological and chemical spills etc. Pakistan have faced many of these which affects us badly at every perspective of life for example health, communication, water and sanitation and infrastructure.This study focused on health problems experienced by pregnant females during any type of disasters. Females faced so many problems because of very sensitive issues like unavailability of health facilities, lack of food, and unavailability of clean water, accommodation and transportation.Methodology: This is the descriptive cross-sectional study. The objective of the study was to identify health problems faced by the pregnant females during disasters. Annual disaster report of National Disaster Management Authority Pakistan and Pakistan Red Crescent Society is employed to identify these problems.Discussion: Unexpected environmental events cause natural disasters which affect entire communities and are likely to endanger life and property. In addition to causing casualties and economic losses, exposure to natural disasters can precipitate transient and more enduring somatic and psychological symptoms that relate to posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.Conclusion: Pakistan is exposed to different hazards due to its geography and climate situation. Catastrophic incidents, both natural and manmade, bring about heavy loss of human lives and livelihoods, damage to property and infrastructure. Such episodes can also aggravate natural processes, such like sudden tectonic movements, which promote earthquakes and tsunamis, resulting in frequent cyclones, continuous dry conditions cause prolonged droughts, severe storms, unexpected heavy rains, excessive snowfalls, floods, landslides, and avalanches, etc. The country is also vulnerable to manmade disasters, for example industrial hazards, bomb blasts, building fires, armed conflicts and nuclear and radiological events.
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Fielding, Victoria. "Measuring news media frame building during an Australian industrial dispute." Australian Journalism Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00088_1.
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News media play a crucial role in supporting liberal democracy by holding the powerful to account and facilitating a diverse, balanced and equal marketplace of ideas. In this marketplace of ideas, groups and interests like unions and employers compete for attention and to have their ideas legitimated by journalists. Although framing theory is used extensively to understand how news media represents different issues, due to its theoretical ambiguity and the methodological challenge of determining how and why frames are built by journalists, it is difficult to quantify how effectively news media delivers equity between competing perspectives. Entman, Matthes and Pellicano’s diachronic process model of political framing helps to overcome these challenges by providing a theoretical model, which is used in this article to investigate a case study of Australian media representation of competing industrial dispute narratives. The article identifies and compares two of the model’s framing junctures: industrial spokespeople’s narratives during the contemporary Australian case of the Victorian Country Fire Authority (CFA) in dispute with firefighter members of the Victorian United Firefighters Union; and their alignment with news media reports about the CFA dispute. The findings reveal inequity between the representation of workers and their union as compared to the employer, and thus present a case of imbalanced or biased frame building in the marketplace of ideas. These findings are applied to discussions of conscious and unconscious bias to theorize why this inequity occurred.
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Shane, Daniel M. "Westley Tire Fire, Stanislaus County, California." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-379.
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ABSTRACT This is a case study of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emergency response actions taken at one of the largest tire fires in California. The site was an illegal scrap tire dump known as the Filbin Tire Pile. There was an estimated 7 million tires in the pile. The site was located in a canyon in the rolling hills above the San Joaquin Valley near the Town of Westley, California. This tire fire was considered a major environmental disaster where large populations were affected and there was a potential for severe environmental damage. Responders with past experience recognized that the tire fire would be a unique multi-category event containing the elements of a major fire: hazardous materials release and oil spill discharge combined into one event. Shortly after the fire ignited the tires began to pyrolyze, producing a steady stream of oil that discharged to an unnamed drainage in the hills above the valley. The oil in the drainage flashed sending great plumes of thick black smoke into the valley. The oil and tire fires quickly overwhelmed the resources of the local fire departments. The EPA On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) immediately responded using federal authority to respond to and, if necessary, remove a discharge of oil or a hazardous substance under the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(c)) as amended by the Oil Pollution Control Act of 1990 (OPA 90). Some of the most difficult problems that were encountered included making decisions on fire suppression tactics; conducting safe operations in extremely hot and unstable fire conditions; maneuvering heavy equipment on steep slopes, and deep and spongy tire piles; controlling massive volumes of oil and water runoff; coordinating with local and state governmental agencies; forming a fully integrated and effective Incident Command System led by a Unified Command (ICS/UC); and recycling of pyrolytic oil under current California hazardous waste regulations.
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Завгородний, Алексей Николаевич. "Ways to improve the provision of a rescue military formation with an educational and material base (on the example of the Don rescue center of the EMERCOM of Russia)." Management of Education, no. 4(44) (September 15, 2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/x3097-7171-4485-c.
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Оперативная работа подразделений Оперативно-спасательной службы гражданской защиты (далее – ОРС ГЗ) по ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций осуществляется в обстановке, которая постоянно меняется: в задымленном и токсическом среде, в условиях высоких температур, угрозы взрывов и обрушений, на высотах и в подвалах, при ликвидации стихийных бедствий и катастроф. Это обусловливает определенную специфику в деятельности пожарного-спасателя, совмещенную с систематической работой в непривычной среде и непрерывным нервно-психологическим напряжением. Поэтому одной из важнейших задач обучения и воспитания является формирование у пожарных-спасателей и руководителей подразделений ОРС ГЗ высоких волевых и профессионально-оперативных психологических качеств. Развитие этих качеств осуществляется на занятиях по пожарно-строевой и спасательной подготовке на пожарно-тактических занятиях и учениях, на тренировках в теплодымокамерах, но наиболее эффективными считаются занятия, которые проводятся на огневой полосе психологической подготовки. Данные занятия проводятся во время проведения первичной профессиональной подготовки и при проведении повышения квалификации, в структуре служебной подготовки. Порядок подготовки и повышение квалификации работников службы гражданской защиты, определяется центральным органом исполнительной власти, который обеспечивает формирование и реализует государственную политику в сфере гражданской защиты, по согласованию с федеральным органом исполнительной власти, который обеспечивает формирование и реализует государственную политику в сфере образования и науки. Но в настоящее время, в нашей стране отсутствует нормативно-правовая база, которая определяет порядок устройства огневых полос психологической подготовки и организации проведения занятий на них. The operational work of the units of the Operational Rescue Service of Civil Protection (hereinafter referred to as the ORS GZ) to eliminate emergency situations is carried out in an environment that is constantly changing: in a smoky and toxic environment, at high temperatures, the threat of explosions and collapses, at heights and in basements, during the elimination of natural disasters and catastrophes. This determines a certain specificity in the activity of a firefighter-rescuer, combined with systematic work in an unusual environment and continuous neuropsychological stress. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of training and education is the formation of high-willed and professional-operational psychological qualities in firefighters and rescuers and heads of departments of the ORS GZ. The development of these qualities is carried out in classes on fire-drill and rescue training, in fire-tactical classes and exercises, in training in heat-and-smoke chambers, but the most effective classes are those that are held on the firing line of psychological training. These classes are held during primary vocational training and during advanced training, in the structure of service training. The procedure for training and advanced training of employees of the civil protection service is determined by the central executive authority, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of civil protection, in coordination with the federal executive authority, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of education and science. But at present, there is no regulatory framework in our country that determines the procedure for setting up firing ranges for psychological training and organizing classes on them.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Country Fire Authority"
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Hughes, Lewis Bernard, and l. hughes@enviro-sys com au. "Applying outcomes of lifelong learning to organisational achievement." Deakin University. School of Education, 2007. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20080521.085701.
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The focus of this doctoral research study is making the most what a person knows and can do, as an outcome from their lifelong learning, so as to better contribute to organisational achievement. This has been motivated by a perceived gap in the extensive literature linking knowledge with organisational achievement. Whereas there is a rich body of literature addressing the meta-philosophies giving rise to the emergence of learning organisations there is, as yet, scant attention paid to the detail of planning and implementing action which would reveal individual/organisational opportunities of mutual advantage and motivate, and sustain, participation at the day-to-day level of the individual. It is in this space that this dissertation seeks to contribute by offering a mechanism for bringing the, hindsight informed, response but thats obvious into the abiding explicit realm at the level of the individual.
In moving beyond the obvious which is prone to be overlooked, the emphasis on better in the introductory sentence, is very deliberately made and has a link to awakening latent individual, and hence organisational, capabilities that would otherwise languish. The evolved LCM Model a purposeful integration valuing the outcomes from lifelong learning (the L) with nurturing a culture supporting this outcome (the C) and with responsiveness to potentially diverse motivations (the M) is a reflective device for bringing otherwise tacit, and latent, logic into the explicit realm of action.
In the course of the development of the model, a number of supplementary models included in this dissertation have evolved from the research. They form a suite of devices which inform action and lead to making the most of what an individual knows and can do within the formal requirements of a job and within the informal influences of a frequently invisible community of practice.
The initial inquiry drew upon the views and experiences of water industry engineering personnel and training facilitators associated with the contract cleaning and waste management industries. However, the major research occurred as an Emergency Management Australia (EMA) project with the Country Fire Authority (CFA) as the host organisation. This EMA/CFA research project explored the influence of making the most of what a CFA volunteer knows and can do upon retention of that volunteer. In its aggregate, across the CFA volunteer body, retention is a critical community safety objective.
A qualitative research, ethnographic in character, approach was adopted. Data was collected through interviews, workshops and outcomes from attempts at action research projects. Following an initial thirteen month scoping study including respondents other than from the CFA, the research study moved into an exploration of the efficacy of an indicative model with four contextual foci i.e. the manner of welcoming new members to the CFA, embracing training, strengthening brigade sustainability and leadership. Interestingly, the research environment which forced a truncated implementation of action research projects was, in itself, an informing experience indicative of inhibitors to making the most of what people know and can do. Competition for interest, time and commitment were factors governing the manner in which CFA respondents could be called upon to explore the efficacy of the model, and were a harbinger of the influences shaping the more general environment of drawing upon what CFA volunteers know and can do.
Subsequent to the development of the indicative model, a further 16 month period was utilised in the ethnographic exploration of the relevance of the model within the CFA as the host organisation. As a consequence, the model is a more fully developed tool (framework) to aid reflection, planning and action. Importantly, the later phase of the research study has, through application of the model to specific goals within the CFA, yielded operational insight into its effective use, and in which activity systems have an important place.
The model now confidently styled as the LCM Model has three elements that when enmeshed strengthen the likelihood of organisational achievement ; and the degree of this meshing, as relevant to the target outcome, determines the strength of outcome. i.e. -
Valuing outcomes from learning:
When a person recognises and values (appropriately to achievement by the organisation) what they know and can do, and associated others recognise and value what this person knows and can do, then there is increased likelihood of these outcomes from learning being applied to organisational achievement.
Valuing a culture that is conducive to learning:
When a person, and associated others, are further developing and drawing upon what they know and can do within the context of a culture that is conducive to learning, then there is increased likelihood that outcomes from learning will be applied to organisational achievement.
Valuing motivation of the individual:
When a persons motivation to apply what they know and can do is valued by them, and associated others, as appropriate to organisational achievement then there is increased likelihood that appropriately drawing upon outcomes from learning will occur.
Activity theory was employed as a device to scope and explore understanding of the issues as they emerged in the course of the research study. Viewing the data through the prism of activity theory led not only to the development of the LCM Model but also to an enhanced understanding of the role of leadership as a foundation for acting upon the model.
Both formal and informal leadership were found to be germane in asserting influence on empowering engagement with learning and drawing upon its outcomes. It is apparent that a leaderful organisation, as postulated by Raelin (2003), is an environment which supports drawing upon the LCM model; and it may be the case that the act of drawing upon the model will move a narrowly leadership focused organisation toward leaderful attributes.
As foreshadowed at the beginning of this synopsis, nurturing individual and organisational capability is the guiding mantra for this dissertation - Capability embraces competence but is also forward-looking, concerned with the realisation of potential (Stephenson 1998, p. 3). Although the inquiry focussed upon a need for CFA volunteer retention, it began with a broader investigation as part of the scoping foundation and the expanded usefulness of the LCM Model invites further investigation.
The dissertation concludes with the encapsulating sentiment that You have really got to want to. With this predisposition in mind, this dissertation contributes to knowledge through the development and discussion of the LCM model as a reflective device informing transformative learning (Mezirow and Associates 1990). A leaderful environment (Raelin 2003) aids transformative learning accruing to the individual and the organisation - through engendering and maintaining making the most of knowledge and skill motivating and sustaining the will.
The outcomes from this research study are a strong assertion that wanting to make the most of what is known and can be done is a hallmark of capability. Accordingly, this dissertation is a contribution to the how of strengthening the capability, and the commitment to applying that capability, of an individual and an organisation.
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Wiesenmüller, Heidrun, and Magnus Pfeffer. "Erschließungsdaten besser nutzen." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-81440.
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Nur ein Bruchteil der in den Schlagwortnormsätzen abgelegten Informationen wird von heutigen OPACs für die Benutzerrecherche nutzbar gemacht. Wie man das Input-Output-Verhältnis der bibliothekarischen Erschließungsleistung verbessern kann, wird am Beispiel der ISO-Ländercodes gezeigt. Diese werden nicht nur in Datensätzen für Geographika erfasst, sondern z.B. auch bei Personen und Körperschaften. Macht man sie im OPAC recherchierbar, so können sie als Basis für eine Einschränkung nach dem geographischen Raum dienen. Dadurch erhöht sich der Recall bei Anfragen vom Typ "Tourismus in Baden-Württemberg" oder "Klima in Afrika" teils dramatisch, ohne dass sich die Precision verschlechtern würde. Denn über die Ländercodes wird auch Literatur zu kleineren geographischen Einheiten gefunden (z.B. Landkreise, Städte, Landschaften), die bei einer einfachen Schlagwortsuche ausgeblendet bleiben. Im HEIDI-Katalog der UB Heidelberg und im Primo-Katalog der UB Mannheim wurde die Ländercode-Recherche vor kurzem prototypisch in Form eines Drill-down-Menüs realisiert.
Books on the topic "Country Fire Authority"
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Robert, Murray. State of fire: A history of volunteer firefighting and the Country Fire Authority in Victoria. North Melbourne, Vic: Hargreen Pub. Co., 1995.
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Guthrie, Gregory M. Hydrogeologic delineation of wellhead protection areas for the Chilton Water and Fire Protection Authority Kewish well, Chilton County, Alabama. Tuscaloosa, Ala: Geological Survey of Alabama, 1995.
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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Special investigation report: Failure of cargo tank transporting hazardous waste on the Washington, D.C. Beltway, I-95, Fairfax County, Virginia, August 12, 1985. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1986.
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Stanford, Dell. Fat, Fibre and Carbohydrate Counter (Health Education Authority). Murdoch Books, 1999.
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Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Communities and Local Government Committee and Clive Betts. Knight Review of Fire and Rescue Services: Oral and Written Evidence, 15 July 2013 and 9 September 2013, [Monday 15 July 2013 Sir Ken Knight, Former Chief Fire and Rescue Advisor for England; Monday 15 July 2013 Ron Dobson, Chief Fire Officer, London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority, Darran Gunter, Chief Fire Officer, Dorset Fire and Rescue Service, and Steve Mcguirk, County Fire Officer and Chief Executive, Greater Manchester Fire an. Stationery Office, The, 2014.
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Carmichael, Cathie. Brothers, Strangers and Enemies: Ethno-Nationalism and the Demise of Communist Yugoslavia. Edited by Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0027.
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In the forty-five years after World War II that Communist Yugoslavia existed, judgements as to the success of the experiment differed widely. Unlike the first royalist Yugoslav state, which had been dominated by the Serbian Karadjordjević Dynasty, the new country eventually gave recognition to all nationalities within the limits of its own authoritarian ideology. The creation of the second Yugoslavia united Bosnian Muslims, Albanians, Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Croats, and Slovenes with significant Hungarian, Roma, Italian, and Turkish minorities into a single, nominally Leninist state. What united it was the charismatic authority of its wartime leader Josip Broz Tito and a very large and politically significant army. After the break with the Soviet Union in 1948, the Yugoslav Communists veered on an uneasy path between centralisation and republican autonomy. The Communists showed little respect for traditional culture and religion when they came to power. This article focuses on ethno-nationalism and the demise of Communist Yugoslavia.
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Roe, Mark J., and Massimiliano Vatiero. Corporate Governance and Its Political Economy. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.50.
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In this chapter, we analyze three instances that illustrate the political economy of corporate governance. First, we examine how the politics of organizing financial institutions affects, and often determines, the flow of capital into the large firm, thereby affecting, and often determining, the power and authority of shareholder-owners. Second, we show how continental European nations have been slow in developing diffusely owned public firms in the years after World War II. The third political economy example deals with management in diffusely owned firms. The chapter also looks at the historical organization of capital ownership in the United States, noting how the country’s fragmented financial system limited the institutional blockholders and increased managerial autonomy over the years. Finally, it discusses the power of labor in postwar Europe, political explanations for the continuing power of the American executive and the board in recent decades, other political economy channels for corporate governance, and the limits of a political economy analysis.
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Abraham, William J., and Frederick D. Aquino, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Epistemology of Theology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662241.001.0001.
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This Handbook examines and articulates what counts as appropriate epistemic evaluation in theology. Part I focuses on some of the epistemic concepts that have been traditionally employed in theology (e.g. knowledge of God, revelation and scripture, reason and faith, experience, and tradition). Part I also considers concepts that have not received sufficient epistemological attention in theology (e.g. saints, authority, ecclesial practices, spiritual formation, and discernment). Part II concentrates on epistemic concepts that have received significant attention in contemporary epistemology and can be related to theology (e.g. understanding, wisdom, testimony, virtue, evidence, foundationalism, realism/antirealism, scepticism, and disagreement). Part III offers examples from key figures in the Christian tradition and investigates the relevant epistemological issues and insights in the work of these writers, as well as recognizing the challenges of connecting insights from contemporary epistemology with the subject of theology proper, namely, God. Part IV centres on five emerging areas that warrant further epistemological consideration: liberation theology, continental philosophy, modern Orthodox writers, feminism, and Pentecostalism.
Book chapters on the topic "Country Fire Authority"
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Sivesind, Kirsten, and Berit Karseth. "Introduction: A Comparative Network Analysis of Knowledge Use in Nordic Education Policies." In Evidence and Expertise in Nordic Education Policy, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91959-7_1.
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AbstractThis introductory chapter establishes the context, background, and importance of studying what counts as evidence and expertise in Nordic education policymaking. The chapter gives a short overview of the theories, methods, and research design for the joint study where 17 researchers from 6 countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the US) collaborated. Key questions are: How do policymakers in five Nordic countries draw on domestic, regional, and international knowledge? How do they legitimize national school reform policy by referencing various types of knowledge? How do they authorize evidence in their attempt to propose reform agendas and issue school reforms in their respective countries? The chapter provides an overview of the book and summarizes each of the following chapters.
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Lorbiecki, Marybeth. "The Professor: 1937– 1939." In A Fierce Green Fire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0016.
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The windswept wastelands of the Dust Bowl made it clear to many Americans how fragile the human place in nature is. Suddenly, schools across the country wanted to teach conservation, erosion prevention, and wildlife management. Letters piled up on Leopold’s desk, asking his advice. Leopold replied with a list of resources, but his overriding message was that nature was the best teacher. At fifty-one, Leopold had seven graduate students and a full flock of undergraduates. With a blend of affection and awe, they called him “the Professor.” Marie McCabe, the wife of graduate student Robert McCabe, was quite surprised when she first met the Professor. “I had expected him to be a combination of Abe Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson. Here he was, extremely gracious, but of ordinary size and appearance, not at all handsome … showing no sign of being an author and absolute authority on everything.” Game Management 118 had become a campus favorite. Robert S. Ellarson, a Leopold wildlifer, recalled his first meeting: “The class had assembled before the Professor arrived. Soon the clicking of steel-cleated heels signalled his approach. When he arrived and stood before the class, I was impressed by the bold, virile, almost macho appearance of the man. And I was absolutely enthralled by the lecture that followed.” On Saturdays, the class traveled to the arboretum (which was slowly growing toward a natural state) or to various research plots. In the field, Leopold pointed out such elements as animal tracks and rubbings, scat, browsed plants, nests and burrows, gullies and runoff tracks, ground cover and foliage, and rock formations. Then he asked questions, pushing the students to put together the signs they had seen, to draw for themselves a recent and not-so-recent history of the plot of land: . . . Look at the trees in the yard and the soil in the field and tell us whether the original settler carved his farm out of prairie or woods. Did he eat prairie chicken or wild turkey for his Thanksgiving? What plants grew here originally which do not grow here now? Why did they disappear? What did the prairie plants have to do with creating the corn-yielding capacity of this soil? Why does this soil erode now but not then?. . .
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"Foreign capital, host-country-firm mandates and the terms of globalisation." In Non-State Actors and Authority in the Global System, 211–26. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203165041-21.
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Delas, Patrick, and Richard Frimston. "France." In The International Protection of Adults. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780198727255.003.0026.
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France is a unitary republic, divided into ninety-six metropolitan departments, five overseas departments and seven overseas territories. The judicial authority is the third authority referred to in the constitution of October 4, 1958, together with the legislature (Parliament) and the executive (Government). France is a civil law country; its legal system is based on Roman/Napoleonic law and was codified in 1804 (code civil). The code civil applies to all departments and overseas territories with limited exceptions for the latter.
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Colden, Cadwallader. "The Five Nations treat with Captain Ingoldsby." In The History of the Five Indian Nations Depending on the Province of New-York in America. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501713903.003.0014.
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This chapter details the meeting between the Five Nations and Captain Ingoldsby. The death of Colonel Slaughter, the Governor of New York, was very prejudicial to the affairs of New York. Captain Ingoldsby, who had no other commission but that of captain of one of the Independent Companies of Foot, took upon himself the government of the province without any authority. At a meeting on the 6th of June 1692, Captain Ingoldsby told the Five Nations of his resolutions to prosecute the war, and then blamed them for not sending a party down Cadarackui River to join them that went from Albany against Montreal, and for their carelessness in suffering during the last winter when hunting. He instructed them to keep the enemy in perpetual alarm by continuing their incursions into the enemy's country, and to give him timely notice of all their activities.
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Yap, Fiona. "Term Limits in South Korea." In The Politics of Presidential Term Limits, 451–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0022.
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South Korea’s single five-year term limit for the presidency is among the shortest office terms for a head of government. This chapter traces constitutional revisions in the country before and following the 1987 Constitution to show how the term limit represents a hard-fought critical principle of democratic accountability following a history of autocratic authority in the hands of presidents willing to use force to get into office or extend their tenure. At the same time, the unwelcome outcome of the term limit is a political system where the president as leader has few incentives to shift focus to the parties or legislature, which contributes to under-institutionalization in the country and fuels policy gridlock and conflict. The unsatisfactory fit of principle and outcome explains why talk of reforms has surfaced regularly since 1987; while none has been adopted, political and policy progress in the country clearly hinge on mediating principle with better outcomes.
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Compton, John W. "Conclusion." In The End of Empathy, 279–83. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190069186.003.0012.
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Many present-day Protestant congregations are deeply involved in humanitarian projects—from feeding the homeless to promoting interracial and interfaith understanding. Yet when it comes to political behavior, white evangelicals remain overwhelmingly opposed to programs that benefit the less fortunate, or that run counter to the free market ethos of the modern Republican party. During the first two decades of the twenty-first century, a trio of failed reform campaigns by evangliecal elites—targeting climate change, foreign aid, and immigration, respectively—underscored the fragile nature of evangelical religious authority. In contrast to their postwar predecessors in the Protestant mainline, evangelical elites possess neither the intrinsic religious authority nor the institutional resources necessary to shape the political convictions of their followers. Instead, they serve at the pleasure of the rank and file.
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Stoesz, David. "A Refundable Volunteer Tax Credit." In Building Better Social Programs, 235–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945572.003.0013.
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The depopulation of small towns and rural communities could be ameliorated by a Refundable Volunteer Tax Credit (RVTC) that allows mayors and county commissioners to authorize reimbursement of citizens who volunteer to provide essential services, such as public safety, libraries, building and road maintenance, etc. Pegged at the minimum wage, RVTCs would ensure minimal support for schools, police and fire departments, ambulance services, and the like. In so doing, an RVTC would correct for the disproportionate advantage that cities have enjoyed in charitable contributions, which are encouraged by the tax code, in favor of rural America.
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Dahiya, Surbhi. "The Indian Express: The Crusading Scribe." In Indian Media Giants, 619–729. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190132620.003.0006.
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Abstract Ever since its beginnings in 1932, The Indian Express has held on to its initial intent of independent, fearless, and courageous journalism. This adherence to its cause has deemed the newspaper to be counted among the most credible sources of news in the country. The leadership of The Express Group has been retained within the family, making it easier for the organization to keep its intent consistent. The chapter does a comprehensive study on understanding how a Presidency paper run by the English became a big media publication in the country with thirty-five national newspapers, several other publications, and a network of offices spread across the country. Ramnath Goenka, regarded as the foundation of this institution, persevered, with blood, sweat, and tears, to make Express what it is today. Steering his ship forward with an indomitable spirit and a clear vision, Goenka sought to rebrand the field of journalism by injecting it with reliable reportage free of lobbying and fear of authority. Thus, Express came to pride itself on keeping a check on the establishment in power. Simultaneously, he retained a focus on developing his product and expanding it for maximum penetration. To this effect, Express diversified into countless genres and many regional languages as part of its expansion strategies. From exceptionally standing the test of shifting eras and exceptional diversification strategies, the author explains how the group became a Jack-of-all-trades, as also a master of all that it embarked upon. Its most widely recognized publications include The Indian Express and The Financial Express in English, theLoksatta in Marathi, and the Jansatta in Hindi. The chapter also touches upon the journey of The New Indian Express, which runs as a separate paper now. The chapter also features extensive interviews of ViveckGoenka about the journey of the organization and its longstanding commitment to determinedly ethical journalism, Anant Goenka about innovations and business model of The Indian Express, and Raj Kamal Jha about the editorial track of Express in a personal interview with the author.
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"Unsettled." In Union Renegades, edited by Dana M. Caldemeyer, 119–38. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043505.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the differences between union leaders and workers regarding union goals. As the 1893 depression set in, rural workers in multiple occupations mobilized to change the economic structures of Gilded Age society. The American Railway Union went on strike, and marchers across the country joined Jacob Coxey and other leaders in a populist push for social and economic change. Their efforts coincided with the centralization efforts of organizations like the United Mine Workers, which sought to capitalize on the grassroots activism by organizing nationwide strikes. Nonunion coal miners heartily joined strike efforts like the 1894 United Mine Workers coal strike, but they soon discovered that the union assumed more authority than the rank and file was willing to accept. As the officers reached a settlement and called off the strike without seeking approval from the rank and file, strikers refused to obey the order to return to work. Their refusal indicated that while workers were willing to use unions to achieve goals like earning higher pay, they rejected union leaders making decisions on their behalf.
Conference papers on the topic "Country Fire Authority"
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Zan, Kelvin, Vish Mawley, Moises Ramos, and Sarvjit Singh. "Recommended Maintenance Practices for Stray Current Corrosion on DC Electrified Systems." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3712.
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The Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LACMTA), like many other transit agencies throughout the country, is currently addressing the stray current corrosion problems on its rail system. Numerous capital projects have been released by the authority for the rehabilitation of their corroded infrastructures along their right-of-way. In addition, new maintenance procedures have been implemented to minimize corrosion problems to the rail and utility infrastructures located adjacent to the electrified railroad. The corrosion effect on rail infrastructures is often overlooked by most electrified railroad authorities because an immediate corrective response is not necessary for train movement during rail operations. The corrosion process is a natural process that occurs slowly and continuously throughout the life span of all materials, and may be accelerated due to stray currents from the railroad electrification system. Several key locations along the right-of-way have greater impact from stray current corrosion issues: at street crossing due to poor rail insulated boots, switch machines and accumulation of brake dust near passenger platforms. Other significant locations that suffer from stray current effects are overhead and under grade bridges, tunnel structures, rail spikes, fire suppression pipes, sewage pipes and underground feeder cable connections. Moreover, stray current can also cause other vital systems such as signaling systems and communication systems to malfunction. The other aspect of stray current is intentional discharging of stray current into earth ground through Negative Grounding Device (NGD) to maintain negative rail over voltage level for safe operation and reliability of rail service to the public. Typical negative rail voltage with respect to earth ground in operation is over 100VDC which is over the recommended voltage of 50VDC. Corrosion problems can be controlled by the implementation of a cathodic protection system, proper inspection of the running rail, impedance bond connections and proper maintenance of the cathodic protection system and negative grounding devices. The purpose of this paper is to address corrosion issues associated with DC electrified railways, recommend maintenance practices to control stray current sources, recommended maintenance practices for cathodic protection systems and discuss the balancing act to control negative rail over voltage versus intentional discharge of stray current to earth ground.
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Schauer, Raymond H., and Joseph Krupa. "Recommitting to a Long Term Waste to Energy Future Through a Comprehensive Refurbishment Program." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5427.
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Created in 1978, the Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County (Authority) has developed an “award winning” solid waste management system that includes franchised solid waste collections and the following facilities to service the residents and businesses in Palm Beach County, Florida: • North County Resource Recovery Facility (NCRRF); • Residential and Commercial Recovered Materials Processing Facility; • Five Transfer Stations; • Class I Landfill; • Class III Landfill; • Biosolids Pelletization Facility; • Ferrous Processing Facility; • Woody Waste Recycling Facility; • Composting Facility; and • Household Hazardous Waste Facility. The Authority has proactively planned and implemented its current integrated solid waste management program to ensure disposal capacity through 2021. However, like many communities, the Authority anticipates continued population growth and associated new development patterns that will significantly increase demands on its solid waste system, requiring it to reevaluate and update its planning to accommodate future growth. The NCRRF, the Authority’s refuse derived fuel waste-to-energy facility, has performed very well since its start up in 1989 processing over 13 million tons of MSW, saving valuable landfill space and efficiently producing clean, renewable energy. As the NCRRF approached the end of its first 20 year operating term, it became necessary to complete a comprehensive refurbishment to ensure its continued reliable service for a second 20 year term and beyond providing for continued disposal capacity and energy production for the Authority’s customers. The Authority renegotiated and extended its operating agreement with the Palm Beach Resource Recovery Corporation (PBRRC), a Babcock & Wilcox Company, for an additional 20-year term. The Authority selected BE&K Construction Company (BE&K) and entered into an Engineering, Procurement, and Construction contract (EPC Contract) to perform the refurbishment. The Authority, with assistance from its Consulting Engineer, Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., developed the minimum technical requirements and negotiated the EPC Contract with BE&K. The design and procurement efforts were completed in early 2009 and on-site construction refurbishment activities commenced in November 2009. The refurbishment has a total estimated cost of $205 million. The refurbishment work is sequenced with the intent that one boiler train will remain operational to reduce the impact to the Authority’s landfill and maximize electrical production and revenues during the refurbishment period. This presentation will focus on the improvements to operations as a result of the refurbishment and its positive effects on the Authority’s integrated solid waste management system.
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Schauer, Raymond H., Leah K. Richter, and Tom Henderson. "Renewable Energy Expansion: A Model for the New Generation of Facilities." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5428.
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Created in 1978, the Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County (Authority) has developed an “award winning” solid waste management system that includes franchised solid waste collections and the following facilities to service the residents and businesses in Palm Beach County, Florida: • North County Resource Recovery Facility (NCRRF); • Residential and Commercial Recovered Materials Processing Facility; • Five Transfer Stations; • Class I Landfill; • Class III Landfill; • Biosolids Pelletization Facility; • Ferrous Processing Facility; • Woody Waste Recycling Facility; • Composting Facility; and • Household Hazardous Waste Facility. The Authority has proactively planned and implemented its current integrated solid waste management program to ensure disposal capacity through 2021. However, even in consideration of the current economic climate, the Authority anticipates continued population growth and associated new development patterns that will significantly increase demands on its solid waste system, requiring it to reevaluate and update its planning to accommodate future growth. The NCRRF, the Authority’s refuse derived fuel waste-to-energy facility, has performed very well since its start up in 1989 processing over 13 million tons of MSW, saving valuable landfill space and efficiently producing clean renewable energy. As the NCRRF has reached the end of its first 20 year operating term, it became necessary to complete a comprehensive refurbishment to ensure its continued reliable service for a second 20 year term and beyond providing for continued disposal capacity and energy production for the Authority’s customers. Separately, the Authority also recognized that the refurbishment alone will not provide any additional disposal capacity for the County. The County’s anticipated growth necessitated that the Authority evaluate several options for long-term processing and disposal capacity, resulting in a decision to expand its WTE capacity with a new mass burn facility, the first facility of its kind to be constructed in Florida in more than a decade, reaffirming its commitment to waste-to-energy. The planned 3,000 TPD expansion will provide a total disposal capacity of 5,000 TPD generating approximately 150MW of renewable energy. The decision to proceed with the expansion was approved by the Authority’s Board in October 2008. The Authority, with its Consulting Engineer, Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., has since made significant progress in the facility’s implementation including the completion of the preliminary design, submittal of environmental permit applications, ongoing procurement of a full service vendor, issuance of revenue bonds for project financing, and commencing extensive public outreach. This paper will focus on the development of the new mass burn facility and an update of the status of activities conducted to date including, permitting, financing, vendor procurement, design, and public outreach, as well as will highlight several innovative design, procurement, permitting, and financing features of this landmark project for the Authority, such as: • Utilization of SCR technology for control of NOx emission; • Incorporation of rainwater harvesting and water reuse; • Utilization of iterative procurement process designed to obtain vendor input in a competitive environment; and • Financing approach designed to preserve alternative minimum tax benefits.
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Henderson, Thomas M., and Leah K. Richter. "Palm Beach County WTE Expansion Model." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3530.
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Palm Beach County (Florida) Solid Waste Authority built an integrated solid waste management system in the 1980s and 1990s around an 1,800 tpd Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facility. The system included a network of five regional transfer stations, Subtitle D sanitary landfill, recovered materials processing facility, composting facility, metals processing facility and household hazardous waste collection program. The WTE, which became operational in 1989, was built with two 900 tpd RDF combustion units. Space was provided for the addition of a third combustion unit, a second turbine-generator and an extra flue was installed in the facility’s stack. By 2004, the WTE was fifteen years old. It had been running at over 125% availability and well above its nominal capacity for almost a decade. Landfill capacity was being consumed at a rate which would see it filled in less than 20 years. The County had been hit with repeated hurricanes in recent years and the County’s population was continuing to grow making landfill capacity projections far from certain. The Authority began an assessment of its long term capacity options which included renovation of its existing WTE facility, expansion of that facility, development of a new WTE facility, development of a new Subtitle D Landfill and several out-of-county options. This paper will focus on the results of this assessment with emphasis on the current efforts to develop a new Mass Burn WTE facility with a capacity of 3,000 tpd and a commercial operations date of 2015. It will be the largest new WTE built in North America in more than 20 years. The choice of Mass Burn technology, facility and combustion module sizing, air pollution control technology, facility site selection, environmental permitting, public outreach program, project financing and procurement and contracting approach will be discussed.
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Solis, Octavio, Frank Castro, Leonid Bukhin, Kinh Pham, David Turner, and Gary Thompson. "Saving Money Every Day: LA Metro Subway Wayside Energy Storage Substation." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5691.
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The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA METRO) subway provides service with up to six-car trains at up to 65 mph at five minute headways on weekdays. To reduce energy usage, LA METRO implemented a flywheel-based Wayside Energy Storage Substation (WESS), which reduces energy usage by capturing and reusing braking energy generated by trains when they decelerate and brake approaching the passenger station. The LA METRO WESS has a 2 MW, 15 second capacity, or 8.33 kWh, and can charge and discharge with a 1.5 minute cycle rate. WESS has been in daily full operation since August 2014. WESS has saved 10 to 18% of the traction power energy at the Westlake TPSS, every day.
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Halpin, Martin, and Lee Canning. "Lancashire County Council St Michaels and Carnforth Footbridges - United Kingdom." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.253.
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<p>Lancashire County Council (LCC) in UK are a forward thinking and innovative local authority with a significant number of bridges in their asset stock. They commissioned Jacobs to carry out a detailed options study for eight footbridges following concerns that were raised during principal inspections. The options report considered refurbishment and replacement options and the possibility of using new construction materials with the aim of maximizing durability and minimizing maintenance. The recommendations for all footbridges was replace them with Fibre Reinforced Polymer. LCC divided the eight bridges into packages of two according to their budget constraints and issued tender documents to contactors for the first two packages. The first package contractor has successfully delivered two replacement FRP Footbridges of 28m span over railway in Ormskirk. These are the longest simply supported FRP footbridges in the UK. The second tender package to be issued to tender was for St Michaels and Carnforth Footbridges at 37m and 31m spans. The Council wanted FRP Bow String Trusses for these bridges that crossed a River and a Canal respectively. Nothing like this type and scale of footbridges had ever been realized in the UK. This tender was won with an alternative proposal to replace these footbridges with an aluminium solution explaining to the client in doing so the risks and costs involved in designing and fabricating these structures in FRP would be significantly greater. These are the longest aluminum footbridges in the UK of this type.</p>
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Widiyanto, Anugerah, Seizo Kato, and Naoki Maruyama. "Optimizing Selection of Appropriate Power Generation Systems in Indonesia by Using Distance Based Approach Method." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26167.
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A deterministic quantitative model has been developed for use to compare the technical, economical and environment feature of various electric power generating plants. The model, which is based on matrix operations, is used in evaluating the various aspects of energy sources available for the electricity generation systems in a developing country. Several energy sources are chosen which could be considered for production of electricity to meet current and future electricity demands. A complete set of energy sources will include fossil fuel fired power plants, nuclear power plants, and natural-renewable energy power plants. A customized computer code is developed to evaluate the overall function for each system from the performance corresponding to the selected energy attributes includes five area of concerns; energy economy, energy security, environmental protection, socio-economic development and technological aspects for the electric power generations. The model developed in this study is applied to the Indonesian’s electric power sector development. Most of the data required for the model application are obtained from various sources related to power industry in Indonesia, such as the Electricity Generating Authority of Indonesia (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN), Government of Indonesia, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, United Nations, and other sources, both in published and public domains. The optimization technique is kept flexible so that it can accommodate other attributes that will be found to be important according to the decision maker’s preference. By so doing, the model virtually can be used to attack any decision problem with various different attributes to reach an optimal decision concerning the selection of energy sources for electricity generation. The result of this study will be a rank of energy sources for Indonesia power generation systems based on the composite distance of each alternative to the designated optimal source of energy.
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Davis, John C., Mike Jones, and John Roderique. "Planning for Greater Levels of Diversion That Including Energy Recovery for the Mojave Desert and Mountain Recycling Authority, California Region." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2342.
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The Mojave Desert and Mountain Recycling Authority is a California Joint Powers Authority (the JPA), consisting of nine communities in California’s San Bernardino County high desert and mountain region. In August 2008 the JPA contracted with Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. (GBB) to prepare the Victor Valley Resource Management Strategy (Resource Management Strategy). Working with RRT Design and Construction, Inc. (RRT), GBB prepared a coordinated forward-looking strategy to guide the JPA’s future program and facilities decisions. The Resource Management Strategy focused on the Town of Apple Valley, population 70,092, and the City of Victorville, population 107,408, the two largest JPA member communities, which have a combined total of more than 130,000 tons per year of material entering the JPA’s recycling system and the Victorville Landfill. The Resource Management Strategy is underpinned by a characterization of waste loads delivered to the Victorville Landfill. A visual characterization was carried out by RRT in September/October 2008. RRT engineers identified proportions of materials recoverable for recycling and composting among all loads collected from residential and non-residential generators for a full week, nearly 300 loads total. The JPA financed and manages the operations contract for the highly automated Victor Valley Material Recovery Facility (MRF). The MRF today receives and processes an average of 130 tons per day (tpd), five days per week, of single stream paper and containers and recyclable-rich commercial waste loads. The waste characterization indicated that as much as 80 percent of loads of residential and commercial waste currently landfilled could be processed for recycling and composting in a combination manual and automated sorting facility. Residue from the MRF, which is predominated by paper, would provide potential feedstock for an energy recovery project; however, the JPA has two strategies regarding process residue. The first strategy is to reduce residue rates from existing deliveries, to optimize MRF operations. An assessment of the MRF conducted by RRT indicated that residue rates could be reduced, although this material would continue to be rich in combustible materials. The second strategy is to increase recovery for recycling by expanding the recyclable-rich and organics-dense waste load deliveries to the MRF and/or a composting facility. The Resource Management Strategy provided a conceptual design and cost that identified projected capital and operations costs that would be incurred to expand the MRF processing system for the program expansion. Based on the waste composition analysis, residue from a proposed system was estimated. This residue also would be rich in combustible materials. The December 2008 California Scoping Plan is the roadmap for statewide greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. The Scoping Plan specifically calls out mandatory commercial recycling, expanded organics composting (particularly food residue), and inclusion of anaerobic digestion as renewable energy. The Resource Management Strategy sets the stage for JPA programs to address Scoping Plan mandates and priorities. California Public Resources Code Section 40051(b) requires that communities: Maximize the use of all feasible source reduction, recycling, and composting options in order to reduce the amount of solid waste that must be disposed of by transformation and land disposal. For wastes that cannot feasibly be reduced at their source, recycled, or composted, the local agency may use environmentally safe transformation or environmentally safe land disposal, or both of those practices. Moreover, Section 41783(b) only allows transformation diversion credit (10 percent of the 50 percent required) if: The transformation project uses front-end methods or programs to remove all recyclable materials from the waste stream prior to transformation to the maximum extent feasible. Finally, prior to permitting a new transformation facility the California Integrated Waste Management Board is governed by Section 41783(d), which requires that CIWMB: “Hold a public hearing in the city, county, or regional agency jurisdiction within which the transformation project is proposed, and, after the public hearing, the board makes both of the following findings, based upon substantial evidence on the record: (1) The city, county, or regional agency is, and will continue to be, effectively implementing all feasible source reduction, recycling, and composting measures. (2) The transformation project will not adversely affect public health and safety or the environment.” The Resource Management Strategy assessed two cement manufacturers located in the high desert region for their potential to replace coal fuel with residue from the MRF and potentially from other waste quantities generated in the region. Cement kilns are large consumers of fossil fuels, operate on a continuous basis, and collectively are California’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. The Resource Management Strategy also identified further processing requirements for size reduction and screening to remove non-combustible materials and produce a feasible refuse derived fuel (RDF). A conceptual design system to process residue and supply RDF to a cement kiln was developed, as were estimated capital and operating costs to implement the RDF production system. The Resource Management Strategy addressed the PRC requirement that “all feasible source reduction, recycling and composting measures” are implemented prior to approving any new “transformation” facility. This planning effort also provided a basis for greenhouse gas reduction analysis, consistent with statewide initiatives to reduce landfill disposal. This paper will report on the results of this planning and the decisions made by the JPA, brought current to the time of the conference.
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Solis, Octavio, Frank Castro, Leonid Bukhin, David Turner, L. S. Brian Ng, Gary Thompson, and Andrew Dombek. "LA Metro Red Line Wayside Energy Storage Substation Revenue Service Regenerative Energy Saving Results." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3793.
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The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) Red Line (MRL) provides heavy rail subway service with six-car trains at up to 65 mph, connecting downtown to the San Fernando Valley with weekday headways down to five minutes. MRL trains have either DC chopper propulsion or AC propulsion. Revenue service measurements at the busy Westlake/MacArthur Park station show that natural regeneration from braking trains to accelerating trains recoups 34% of the energy provided by nearby braking trains. The remaining 66% of the braking train energy is a candidate for capture and reuse. To capture and reuse this energy, Metro contracted with VYCON Inc. to design, supply, and integrate a flywheel Wayside Energy Storage Substation (WESS). WESS will capture and reuse train braking energy at the MRL Westlake traction power substation, located at the Westlake/MacArthur Park station. The project, funded by a grant from the Federal Transit Administration through its Transit Investments for Greenhouse Gas and Energy Reduction (TIGGER) Program under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), is being cooperatively performed by Metro and VYCON. The initial WESS deployment is of a 2 MW rated system with a 15 s charge / discharge time, and an 8.33 kWh energy capacity. The WESS design allows easy expansion to a 6 MW rating. This paper presents results from initial MRL tests to measure regenerative energy savings which occur during revenue service operations, before installing the WESS.
Reports on the topic "Country Fire Authority"
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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.
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The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.