Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Country corruption'
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1
Pinheiro, Ana Raquel Da Costa. "Does corruption drive the stock market?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9856.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsWe estimate the effect of corruption on the stock markets returns using as controls gross domestic product growth, inflation, unemployment growth, monetary base growth and institutional variables. The results show that in more developed countries corruption is inversely related to the stock market returns. In developing economies, on the other hand, there is empirical evidence supporting the second-best theory: higher levels of corruption impact positively on the stock markets returns. Furthermore, while per capita gross national income cannot account for corruption coefficients on the stock market, inflation seems to be positively related to the latter.
2
Cheung, Tant-tat Hyman. "Cross-country income differences, corruption, and misallocation of talents." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39633986.
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Hilding, Ohlsson Marcos. "Impact of corruption on FDI : A cross – country analysis." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20823.
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This paper analyses how corruption in a host country affects the amount of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) it receives. It discusses a model in which FDI is explained by GDP, corruption and the distance between the host country and the origin of capital. It then runs a regression comparing FDI from developed to 46 developing countries, which shows that corruption is a significant variable and it does have a negative effect on total FDI. It then compares if there are any difference depending on the origin of Capital, comparing USA, Europe and Japan. Capital from USA is the most sensitive to corruption. It also shows that capital from Europe is the least responsive to distance, as a factor of explaining FDI. The paper also runs a base mark estimation of what could be expected if corruption levels changed. We can see that if Dominican Republic would have reduced the level of corruption to that of Uruguay, it could have increased the average FDI per year, from 0,8% of GDP to 1,4%. If Argentina, who has a higher FDI over GDP than expected given its level of corruption, would have reduced its level of corruption to the level of Chile, it could have increased the FDI over GDP from 2% to 3,6%. The implications of the results of this paper are that public policies should aim to reduce corruption levels because they have a negative effect on FDI and on the living standard.
4
張騰達 and Tant-tat Hyman Cheung. "Cross-country income differences, corruption, and misallocation of talents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39633986.
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Asratian, Karina, and Arran Pickwick. "The Impact of Corruption on Swedish Firms Operating in Russia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414713.
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This study informs on the ways in which Swedish multinational companies (MNCs) operating in Russia perceive and respond to the corruption they face whilst operating there, coming from a home country with a low level of corruption, Sweden, in relation to Russia, a country with a high level of corruption. The study uses a qualitative research method, conducting semi-structured interviews with six senior executives from Swedish MNCs that have, or are currently working in Russia for the Swedish firm. The study informs on the forms and processes of corruption in Russia, and informs on not only how this impacts the operations of Swedish firms operating there, but also the measures they take to respond to this. The results indicate that corruption is widespread in Russia. Swedish MNCs saw bribery, state sector operations, and subcontractors as some of the areas where corruption was particularly prevalent. Swedish MNCs perceive corruption in Russia as inevitable and a liability of foreignness, permeating many aspects of operations in Russia. An overarching theme throughout the interviews and analysis was the notion of Swedish firms in Russia trying to find a mid-ground by balancing the demands of the HQ with the demands of the Russian business environment. Additionally, Swedish MNCs saw education, personnel policy, regulations and networking as some of the key areas for responding to corruption. The study contributes to existing knowledge of corruption, and specifically corruption in Russia, and contributes not only knowledge of Swedish firms operating in Russia, but of firms originating from countries with a low level of corruption operating in countries with a high level of corruption in general.
6
Ling, Julia, and Malin Nordahl. "Corruption and Growth - A cross-country study for 2004-2008." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15691.
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Economic growth in a country can be explained by numerous variables, both positive and negative. Increasing levels of education, investment and openness are examples of factors generally believed to have positive effects on the economic progress, while corruption is one of the factors often regarded as detrimental to economic growth. The purpose of this thesis is to measure and analyze if the levels of perceived corruption in a cross-section of countries have affected their economic growth rates over the years 2004-2008. The study is carried out with four regressions on a sample of 123 countries and eight variables for the time period in question. The models are constructed on the basis of both the neoclassical growth theory and the endogenous growth theory. The found result contradicts the expected outcome; it shows that the perceived levels of corruption are significantly and positively correlated with economic growth. It is however found that countries with widespread corruption, in general developing countries, have experienced high economic growth over these years. A correlation the authors argue can explain the unexpected sign of the corruption variable.
7
Afonso, Helena Maria Dias. "Corruption and Education: Empirical evidence from cross-country micro-data." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11657.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis study uses two micro-level datasets to perform an empirical assessment of the role of education on the decision to be corrupt. Bribe payments are used as proxy for corruption. The results show that increasing the level of schooling increases the propensity to bribe. A model of costs and benefits is assumed and regressions are ran to evaluate the effect of education on an intrinsic and an extrinsic cost of being corrupt, measured by justifiability of corruption and perception of corruption, respectively. The estimates show education increases one’s intrinsic cost (decreases justifiability) and decreases one’s extrinsic cost (increases perception).
8
Maciel, Gustavo Gouvêa. "Legal corruption: a way to explain citizens' perceptions about the relevance of corruption." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17109.
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Mestrado em Ciência PolíticaCorruption, a word with an illicit identity that represents a major public problem for citizens. In fact, this apparent unquestionable common sense statement does permeate recent political discourses or even cutting-edge academic research. But, indeed, what may be wrong with this well-accepted assertion? And why is it characterized as a possible mistaken assumption? Both questions can be summed up in one direct answer: corruption is much more than illegalities, it is also a ‘beyond the law’ concern with social implications. Little attention has been given to evaluate corruption as an exclusive combination of pure licit behaviors. This alternative approach has always assumed a marginal or even complementary status in the comprehension of the phenomenon. This thesis affirms that illegalities offer a relevant, but incomplete contribution. For this reason, they must be set aside in order to unveil how legalities affect citizens’ perceptions about corruption as a whole. Undoubtedly, it is easier to establish objective parameters to limit the measurement of corruption to a mere evaluation of prosecutions, condemnations, or even perceptions about the commitment of illegal actions. However, corrupt behaviors proved to be resilient essentially because of their capacity to resemble both socially and normatively accepted as necessary for the ordinary democratic political operation. A renewed methodological approach is here proposed to demonstrate why legality in corruption matters. Thus, legal corruption must be put in evidence in order to verify how corruption appears as a pervasive, adaptable, dangerous for politics, and widely accepted major problem, especially in the public sector. Such methodology does not aim to incorporate ‘beyond the law’ elements in a broader corruption measurement, as usually attempted. On the contrary, it will isolate what is considered purely lawful, although corrupt, to deeply explore its specific effects on citizens’ perceptions. In essence, this thesis aims to show that legalities are more important to define the relevance of corruption than illicitness. It also wants to identify what should count as sufficient to determine such legal corruption. In this context, socioeconomic factors proved to be fundamental, especially ‘Internet Usage’ and ‘Wastefulness of Government Spending’. Finally, it is possible to conclude that legality in corruption can be unveiled by simply asking citizens if they consider corruption a relevant problem in the public sector of advanced democracies or quasi-democracies, instead of asking directly about specific dimensions of corruption. It is also possible to perceive if corruption is a relevant public problem without directly asking citizens about corruption, but about general socially accepted misconducts with regards to legal corruption, such as the necessity of establishing personal contacts to get things done; the capacity of distorting rules, norms, and statutes in order to make private interests resemble licit and politically acceptable; and the governments’ ability to do what tradespeople want without hindering citizens’ wills.
Corrupção, uma palavra com identidade ilícita que representa um grande problema para os cidadãos. De facto, esta afirmação – aparentemente inquestionável e baseada no senso comum – permeia discursos políticos recentes ou até mesmo pesquisas académicas de ponta. Mas, em verdade, o que pode estar errado com esta afirmação tradicionalmente aceite? E por que caracterizá-la como equivocada? Ambas as questões podem ser resumidas em uma única e objetiva resposta: corrupção não se refere tão somente a ilegalidades, mas também a interesses ‘para além da lei’ que possuem implicações sociais. Pouca atenção tem sido dada à avaliação da corrupção sob uma perspetiva meramente lícita. Esta abordagem alternativa sempre foi marginal ou mesmo complementar. Esta tese afirma que a caracterização da corrupção como algo ilegal oferece uma contribuição relevante, mas incompleta para o entendimento do fenómeno. Por esta razão, deve ser posta de lado, a fim de se desvendar como apenas as legalidades afetam as perceções dos cidadãos sobre a corrupção como um todo. Sem dúvida, é mais fácil estabelecer parâmetros objetivos para limitar a medição da corrupção a uma mera avaliação de processos, de execuções penais ou mesmo de perceções sobre o cometimento de atos ilegais. Entretanto, o comportamento corrupto se mostra resiliente essencialmente devido à sua capacidade de parecer socialmente e normativamente aceite como necessário ao normal funcionamento político democrático. Uma renovada abordagem metodológica é aqui proposta para demonstrar a importância do papel da legalidade perante a corrupção. Logo, a corrupção legal deve ser colocada em evidência para que seja possível verificar como a corrupção (em sentido mais amplo) aparece como um invasivo, adaptável, politicamente perigoso e amplamente aceite problema, especialmente no setor público. Tal metodologia não pretende incorporar elementos ‘para além da lei’ em uma mensuração mais alargada da corrupção, como é usualmente feito. Pelo contrário, ela isolará o que é considerado puramente legal, embora corrupto, para explorar mais detalhadamente seus efeitos específicos sobre as perceções dos cidadãos. Em essência, esta tese pretende mostrar que as legalidades são mais importantes para definir a relevância da corrupção do que as ilegalidades. Também busca identificar o que deve contar como suficiente para determinar essa tal corrupção legal. Neste contexto, fatores socioeconómicos provaram ser fundamentais, especialmente aqueles relacionados ao ‘Uso da Internet’ e ao ‘Desperdício dos Gastos do Governo".
9
Wijayanto, Wijayanto. "Economic, political and social factors affecting corruption a cross country analysis /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4277.
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Nguyen, Thi Hang. "Accounting and accountability for anti-bribery: Evidence from a developing country." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102233/1/Thi%20Hang_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a study of accounting and accountability for anti-bribery in a developing country. It examines how accounting is used for controlling or facilitating bribery by a foreign company doing business in Vietnam, how stakeholders play the roles in fighting against bribery, and what accountability measures have been taken in that fight.
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Müllner, Jakob, Patricia Klopf, and Phillip C. Nell. "Trojan Horses or Local Allies: Host-country National Managers in Developing Market Subsidiaries." Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2016.12.001.
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We investigate a multinational corporation's (MNC) decision to appoint host-country national (HCN) managers to foreign subsidiaries based on the institutional context of and familiarity with the host country. HCN managers are commonly associated with specialized knowledge, superior responsiveness, and higher legitimacy. Yet, we argue that local familiarity of HCNs can also be perceived as risky or harmful by MNC parents. We analyze how formal and informal institutions affect the trade-off between positive effects and potential costs associated with HCN managers ("Local allies" vs. "Trojan horses"). We find that legal institutions protect foreign MNCs from potential costs, encourage the use of HCNs and reinforce their benefits. Corruption and corruption distance, however, increase perceived costs associated with HCN managers up to a point at which they outweigh their perceived benefits.
12
Talukdar, Shahidur R. "Social, Political, and Institutional Determinants of Investment and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1251877560.
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Raso, Alessandra Aur. "An exploratory study on how the corruption level of the host country affects foreign direct investment’s inflows." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17646.
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In today’s business world everything seems to be somehow linked to globalization, what leads to trading without barriers, developing productions schemes that involves more than one country and one location, capital flows and technology transfer. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been used in the past decades as one of the main sources of capital to sustain cash flow needs for the globalization process. So how do investors decide where to invest? A number of risk factors are analyzed as part of this decision process, and among them is the level of corruption of the country of inflows destination. This exploratory study , based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, reviewed the relation between FDI inflows and the level of corruption in the host country to develop hypotheses and propositions that lead to complementary research to conclude on how and to which extend the level of corruption of the host country impacts its FDI inflows. In order to narrow down the universe explored, which would be to vast if all possible combinations of home and host countries were to be incorporated, the population used to perform analysis was based on Brazil’s and China’s data being the host country and its main FDI investors as home countries of the FDI inflows. Historical series of the indicators used in the quantitative analysis were obtained for the period from 2005 to 2012.
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Yildirim, Emek. "Poverty And Corruption In Post-soviet Russia: A Comparison Of Yeltsin And Putin Eras." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608586/index.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the two major problems of poverty and corruption in post-Soviet Russia, by comparing Boris Yeltsin&rsquos and Vladimir Putin&rsquo
s terms of office. In order to do that, political and economic circumstances during these two presidents&rsquo
eras, the reasons of these two problems, and the consequences of certain policies adapted by these two presidents are focused on. The main argument of the thesis is to analyze interactively the certain conditions of poverty and corruption in the Russian Federation under the presidencies of both Yeltsin and Putin.
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Molefinyane, Mpoifeng Richard. "Essays on welfare implications of knowledge acquisition corruption and signalling costs from the perspective of a developing country." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80429.
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Schenk, Caress Rene. "A Typical Country of Immigration? The Russian Immigration Regime in Comparative Perspective." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1274997400.
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Lendeng, Jennifer. "Corruption - Theory and Practice : A Theoretical Analysis of its Definition and Measurement." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14938.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the definition of the phenomenon corruption, and also if corruption can be measured. There are many definition of the concept, the most common and simplest definition being the one by the World Bank “the abuse of public power for private benefit” (Tanzi, 1998: 564). Various organizations measure corruption and each organization uses different methods to collect information. Many organizations present their results by ranking countries according to a scale, making a cross-country comparison. Using their own specific scaling gives a general view of how corrupted a country is. In this thesis, five international organizations are chosen. What they all have in common is that they are connected to corruption in some way. Most of the five organizations do not devote their time only on investigating corruption. Out of the five it is only Transparency International who focuses exclusively corruption. The other four organizations investigate corruption as a part of a more extensive research. The information from defining corruption and information based on international organizations are applied to four countries chosen for this study. The four countries are: Denmark, Greece, Italy and Sweden. The countries are chosen due to that they are all members of the European Union. Denmark and Sweden are generally placed on a high ranking when organizations measure corruption, indicating that there is little corruption in the country. Greece and Italy are not ranked as high as the two Nordic countries. This thesis is based on various literature and information from organizations, especially when investigating how corruption can be measured among countries.
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Granquist, Magdalena. "Corrruption and Development : An analysis of what happens to the corruption level as a country develops with respect to the European Union." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-6601.
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Johnson, Andreas. "Host Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment : The Case of Developing and Transition Economies." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-303.
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This thesis consists of four individual essays and an introductory chapter. While independent from each other, these essays share some common properties. They are all empirical and focus on the interaction between inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and host country characteristics. The primary focus of the thesis lies in how inflows of FDI affect developing and transition economies. Macro-level data are used in all essays. The first essay analyses the FDI inflows that the transition economies of Eastern Europe have attracted and tries to find determinants of these inflows. The following two essays compare the effect of FDI between developing and developed economies. The second essay studies the relationship between corruption in the host country and the volume of FDI inflows. The third essay explores the effect of FDI inflows on host country economic growth. The fourth and final essay analyses the relationship between FDI and trade, focusing on the link between FDI flows and host country exports in eight East Asian economies.
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Mattila, Mika, and Linda Andersson. "Ethical decision making in complex host country settings : A study of Swedish managers in China." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155571.
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Abstract: In this study we have turned to the complex host-country environment of China to investigate Swedish companies doing business in a highly corrupt business context to see which dilemmas managers meet and their approaches to these dilemmas. The importance of adapting to the local culture and environment is something researchers stress in the business literature. In the beginning of our study we ask if the same statement is true when it comes to ethical decision making and from the findings one can see that this is true to a certain degree. Almost half of our respondents have in some way pushed their ethical limits for what is acceptable business practice despite of the uniform view that corruption is something the companies do not want to participate in. For the companies that have been able to create an organization which has been able to resist unethical host country pressures we have found several important factors. These have been the importance of senior management staying long periods of time, role models living the values, an understanding from HQ about the local subsidiary, realistic performance targets, reinforcement of ethics initiatives, and last but not least control. However we have also found that organizations need to be aware that different departments will meet different ethical dilemmas. Therefore the ethical initiatives need to be adapted to the foreign firms’ situation depending on where in the value chain the company is located. Keywords: corruption, ethical dilemmas, ethical approaches, local business culture, China, Sweden, managers
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Balanov, Aleksei. "When Words Are Worse Than Bullets: a Study of Corruption as an Unintended Consequence of Threats of Sanctions." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496701535629229.
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Haiyan, Wang. "Home-country determinants of outward FDI: Evidence from BRICS economies and five developed countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316709.
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This paper studies the home-country determinants of outward FDI with a focus on nine empirically recognized host-country determinants of inward FDI, namely market size, labor cost, exchange rate, inflation, interest rate, political risks, corruption, openness, and technology. Based on a panel with 183 observations from BRICS and five developed countries (Australia, Germany, Japan, UK, US), evidence is found that market size, inflation, interest rate, political risks, and openness have significant influence on FDI outflows. Moreover, the results of this study show that there are striking differences between developing and developed countries regarding to the drivers for outward FDI.
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Custer, Samantha J. "Does openness enhance public trust| A cross-country assessment of the relationship between openness of budgeting processes and perceptions of government corruption." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536223.
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In the last two decades, openness of public budgeting processes garnered the attention of governments, non-governmental organizations and donors, evidenced by a proliferation of budget transparency and accountability initiatives worldwide (McGee & Gaventa, 2010; De Renzio & Angemi, 2012). Designed to facilitate productive citizen-government interaction around resource allocation, open budgeting initiatives should contribute to strengthening public trust in political institutions (Sayogo & Harrison, 2012; Hakhverdian & Mayne, 2012). Using corruption perceptions as a measure of public trust, this study analyzes the relationship between the openness evident in the budgeting processes of 70 countries and corruption perceptions over a five-year period, 2006-2010. As a traditionally obtuse, closed process, public resource allocation and expenditure is an arena particularly ripe for "wealth-maximizing" civil servants to engage in corruption (Spada, 2009; Rose-Ackerman, 2004). Open budgeting processes that improve citizen awareness of, and provide opportunities for their participation in, government budgeting processes should theoretically improve, not only the incidence of actual corruption, but also citizens' perceptions regarding the level of corruption within their government (Anderson & Tverdova, 2003; Martinez-Moyano et al., 2007). It was hypothesized that citizens in countries with greater transparency, consultation and public monitoring in their budgeting processes perceive lower levels of corruption and higher levels of government anti-corruption effectiveness. OLS and fixed effects regressions found suggestive evidence to support the contention that consultation and openness were positively associated with perceived anti-corruption effectiveness. In contrast, once confounding factors were controlled for, there was no clear evidence to support the contention that openness, either as a composite or its three sub-components, was negatively correlated with perceived government corruption. Furthermore, the results imply that the cumulative effect of the components of transparency, consultation and monitoring may have a stronger impact on perceptions of anti-corruption effectiveness and government corruption than they do as stand-alone activities.
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Westerlund, Olivia Banks. "The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid on Corruption Eradication in Developing Countries’ Institutions. : A Qualitative Case Study Related to International Relations Studies with A Focus on A West African Country: Nigeria." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82554.
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Abstract. Foreign aid's effectiveness on eradicating corruption is a fragile yet complex topic to research in International Relations. Some scholars argue that economic aid should not be given without specific conditions, while some argue that aid should be given with strict or specific rules to recipient countries. Par contra my research is aimed at examining one recipient country: Nigeria, as a case study which is considered amongst the most corrupt countries in the world yet are highly enriched in natural resources, such as being the major oil-producing country in Africa that boosts the country's GDP per capita through the export trade with foreign countries. And most foreign donor countries allocate economic aid to Nigeria because they are dependent on the country's trade on natural resources. In this research, I used two conceptualised variables of corruption; bribery and facilitate payment, which is considered the most common corruption trends in the Nigerian society, with the aim of analysing the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC) twelve-month survey report conducted in December 2019 in Nigeria. Alongside with the London 2016 Anti-Corruption Summit report, the current agenda agreed by forty countries with over six hundred commitments, which Nigeria participated in—hence creating the national anti-corruption programmes that the current President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari implemented as a commitment to the Summit. Consequently using legitimacy and governance perspectives to analyse the efficacy of aid in Nigeria's institution, and evaluating the country's alliance of economic aid in combating corruption, whilst identifying the state's level of governance towards anti-corruption policies to eradicate corruption. The findings show that the level of corruption in Nigeria is still very much high within the public sectors and shows that three in four citizens encounter a form of corruption such as bribery, daily with a civilian who demands a bribe in exchange for their services. And facilitation payment is considered a common activity of Nigerian citizens to speed up legal procedures with the governmental institutions. Even though the Nigerian government claims that the national anti-corruption policies are effective, the survey still shows that there less amount of reported official persons in the conduct of corruption and also the policies doesn't show a trend that the official persons do abide by the policies because the rate of transparency within the institutions is very much low. Yet these official persons intend to be in denial of collecting bribes or participating in any form of corruption.
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Jessen, Lone. "Corruption as a political risk factor for investors in the oil and gas industry, with specific emphasis on Nigeria : identification, analysis and measurement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20296.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The central research question of this study concerns how corruption as a political risk factor should be measured in order to provide an accurate assessment of the risk factor within the oil and gas industry. The aim is to answer this question with the aid and support of two sub-questions that have been identified as crucial in pursuing this research. The first sub-question conceptualizes corruption as a political risk factor specifically within the oil and gas industry. The second sub-question addresses the oil and gas industry-specific indicators of corruption as a political risk factor. The research embarks upon seven industry-specific indicators, by isolating the relevant national political structural and institutional framework, which has proved essential in identifying the level of corruption as a risk to the oil and gas investor. The indicators are regarded as the most salient variables that can measure the level of corruption as a political risk in a realistic and practical approach. The indicators are subsequently systemised into a matrix that is constructed with the aim of using it as a general measurement tool for oil and gas investors. The study argues that this measurement tool can be of use to the oil and gas investor as it contributes to businesses recognition and anticipation of corruption. The matrix is furthermore applied to the oil and gas industry in Nigeria, in an attempt to test the matrix, and in order to establish how and to what level corruption constitutes as a political risk factor for the oil and gas industry in this country. The result of the indicators demonstrates that the political risk of encountering corruption for the oil and gas investor in Nigeria is of a high level. This study provides a valid basis of constituting how corruption manifests as a risk for the oil and gas investor. Furthermore, the applicability of the matrix provides a practical utility and constructive assessment. This thesis provides a firm foundation for future research in this field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sentrale navorsingsvraag van hierdie studie handel oor hoe korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor gemeet moet word om 'n akkurate bepaling van die risiko faktor binne die oilie- en gas industrie te maak. Die doel is om hierdie vraag te beantwoord met die hulp van twee sub-navorsingsvrae wat geïdentifiseer is essensieël on hierdie navorsing te voltooi. Die eerste sub-navorsingvraag konseptualiseer korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor, spesifiek binne die olie en gas industrie. Die tweede sub-navorsingsvraag handel oor die industrie-spesifieke indikatore van korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor. Die navorsing is gevestig op sewe industrie-spesifieke indikatore, wat geïsoleer word vanaf relevante nasionale politieke strukture en institusionele raamwerke, wat essensieël is in die identifikasie van die vlak van korrupsie as 'n risiko vir die olie en gas belegger. Die indikatore word beskou as die mees prominente veranderlikes wat die vlak van korrupsie as n politieke risiko kan meet, as 'n realistiese en praktiese benadering. Die indikatore word gevolglik geplaas binne 'n raamwerk wat gebou is met die doel om dit te bebruik as 'n algemene maatstaf vir die belegger in die olie-en gas industrie. Hierdie studie argumenteer dat die maatstaf gebruik kan word in die olie-en gas industrie, siende dat dit bydrae tot besighede se erkenning en antisipasie van korrupsie. Die maatstaf word verder toegepas op die geval van die olie-en gas industrie in Nigerië, met die doel om dit te toets en ook om vas te stel tot watter vlak korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor vir die olie-en gas industrie teenwoordig is in hierdie land. Die resultaat van die indikatore dui daarop dat daar 'n hoë vlak van politieke risiko vir die olie-en gas industrie in Nigerië bestaan. Die studie verskaf 'n geldige basis om vas te stel hoe korrupsie in die olie-en gas industrie manifesteer. Verder, die toepaslikheid van die maatstaf verskaf praktiese bruikbaarheid en konstruktiewe meeting. Die tesis verskaf 'n stewige basis vir toekomstige navrsing in die veld.
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Covas, Svetlana. "External assistance for European integration : A qualitative case study analysis of the external assistance symbiosis with the National Strategy Plan and constraints in light with the EU – Moldova integration." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196148.
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This dissertation is a case study of Moldova regarding the influence of external assistance over the National Development Strategies 2020 and 2030 in face of the EU – Moldova Accession Agenda. The external assistance plays a key role for the country’s development but the allocation of the funds might not address the sustainable development goals set by the UN, and therefore the national strategic development plans need to be analysed on correlation. Donors tend to focus on a group of sectors leaving others lower in priority. One sector as such is the judiciary and governance. The European Commission claims that Moldova is making progress so far in adopting reforms, yet stressing that corruption and weak rule of law represent the main concern in the development of the country. The external assistance being allocated for many other sectors but not so much on reforms addressing the respective problem, what should we conclude? Allocating funds for infrastructure development, agriculture, energy, is obviously crucial for the country’s economic development. Nonetheless, the data on financial assistance management is rather hard to find from all the ministries benefiting of programs, and not all donors provide reports either. With weak monitoring mechanisms, according to the Paris Declaration Report 2008, and with a weak justice system from high level of corruption and low transparency, it is rather hard to trust the system overall, and the funds absorption capacity. This thesis aims at exploring the Official Development Assistance (ODA) per sectors, with a special focus on donors’ assistance for the judiciary sector. The intergovernmentalism theory is therefore explaining the states cooperation approach, and the approaches of the theory of constraints was used for stressing on the importance of finding the limitations in external assistance disbursements. Thus the methods used are comparative case studies on the State Chancellery reports and comparisons on correlations and donors. The empirical results therefore show a lack of progress in the judiciary sector explained in the discussing conclusion through a reference to the importance of strict conditionality from donors to recipient countries.
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Saha, Shrabani. "Causes of corruption : an empirical investigation in a cross-country framework : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosphy in Economics, Massey University, Turitea campus, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1327.
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In recent years corruption has come to be considered as a pervasive phenomenon, and a major obstacle in the process of economic development. However, there exist few studies that discuss the factors that cause corruption and why some countries are more corrupt than others. This research contributes to that rather scanty literature and focuses on the causes of corruption. More importantly, the study empirically investigates various causes of corruption, in particular the role of economic development, democracy and economic freedom in explaining the observed variations in corruption across countries, and the nexus between democracy and economic freedom in combating corruption. The study first tests the reliability of the recent quantitative innovations in the study of corruption in terms of the Corruption Perception Index, constructed by Transparency International. Using theoretical and empirical analysis, various hypotheses regarding corruption and its determinants are examined using panel data for 100 countries during the period 1995 to 2004. The empirical findings show that the subjective indexing process of corruption perception eventually converges to a common consensus. In evaluating the relationship between economic development and corruption, the results suggest that income per capita, education, unemployment, income inequality, economic freedom and democracy are among the factors which determine and help explain the cross-country differences in corruption. Furthermore, the assessment of the relationship between democracy and corruption shows that an ‘electoral democracy’, represented by ‘political rights’, is not in itself sufficient to reduce corruption. Instead, for low levels of corruption to exist, the presence of an advanced fully-formed mature democracy is required. A characteristic of a mature democracy is the existence of an environment where the probability of being caught, if acting corruptly, is very high. In addition, the examination of the interaction between economic freedom and democracy suggests that economic freedom reduces corruption in any political environment, and the effect is substantially larger with a high level of democracy. The interesting and important findings of the analysis indicate that there exists a non-linear relationship between corruption and the level of income as well as democracy. The findings suggest that developed countries have succeeded in controlling corruption through higher levels of economic development along with the economic and political freedoms that their peoples enjoy.
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Edenmo, Sandmark Klara. "Reputation vs. Counter-Corruption : A case study on how means of financing affect aid organisations’ response to corruption allegations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444021.
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This study aims to investigate how aid organisations with different means of financing respond to corruption allegations, and how the perceived risk of reputational loss affects that response. The method used to answer the research question was a collective case study where three different aid organisations, Oxfam GB, UNDP and SIDA, which all have different funding mechanisms, were compared in their response to corruption allegations - before and after the public gained knowledge of those allegations. The analysis shows that there is a difference in the response to corruption allegations between the cases, namely that Oxfam GB and UNDP developed their response to a large extent when the public learnt of the allegations, SIDA on the other hand did not change their response at all. However, donor pressure seems to be more important for this induced change rather than the perceived risk of reputational loss.
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Afkir, Fatima. "L'image de l’Égypte dans l’oeuvre de Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30059/document.
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Si on contemple l’abondante production du dramaturge, on réalise à quel point l’Égypte est omniprésente dans ses écrits et dans sa vie. Elle couronne l’ensemble de son oeuvre littéraire qui met en lumière chacun des différents aspects de ce pays : social, historique, culturel et politique. Cependant, dans cette étude, nous allons essayer de limiter notre sujet de l’Image de l’Égypte dans l’oeuvre de T. al-Ḥakīm à deux époques celle de la révolution de 1919, et celle de 1952. Ses écrits retracent clairement ces deux évènements importants. Sa façon de penser, d’écrire, de critiquer et d’analyser avant et après la révolution de 1919 n’est plus la même après la révolution de 1952. D’un écrivain rêveur, idéaliste, il en devient un autre plus réaliste et engagé littérairement. Notre problématique globale s’articulera autour des questions suivantes : quelle représentation l’oeuvre de Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm donne-t-elle de l’Égypte ? Peut-on considérer son retour aux mythes anciens comme une continuité entre l’Égypte moderne etl’Égypte ancienne ? Dans une première partie nous traitons les deux révolutions qui ont eu des répercussions sur ses écrits et sa vision politique. La deuxième partie, abordera la société de son roman ‛Awdat al-rūḥ, (l’Âme retrouvée), 1933, dans lequel il décrit une Égypte vue par un égyptien de souche et les liens forts qui unissent ce peuple à sa nation. La troisième partie sera réservée à la femme et au fallāḥ qui ont énormément inspiré l’écrivain. La quatrième partie sera consacrée à l’Égypte pharaonique. On va voir comment il a pu être influencé par l’Égypte ancienne pour décrire l’Égypte moderne. Nous nous appuyons aussi sur plusieurs lectures de différents auteurs afin de trouver une authenticité entre ce qu’il écrit et ce qu’il pense, entre la réalité et l’imagination dans ces oeuvres. Nous analyserons comment il voit, observe et critique son pays natalIf we contemplate the playwright's rich production, we realise to what extent Egypt plays a prominent part in his work and life. It is the crowning achievement of his literary work which highlights all the aspects of this country, social, historical, cultural and political However, in this study, we will try to limit our subject of The image of Egypt in T.al-Hakim's work to two particular eras, the revolutions of 1919 and 1952. His writings clearly relate those major events. The way he thinks, writes, criticizes and analyses before and after the 1919 revolution is no longer the same after the 1952 revolution. He started being a dreamy idealistic writer, and turned into another one, more realistic and committed in his literary work. Our global problematics will hinge on the following issues: what representation of Egypt does Tawfiq al-Hakim's work give? Can we regard his return to ancient myths as a continuity between modern Egypt and ancient Egypt? In a first part, we deal with the two revolutions which have had repercussions on his writings and political vision. The second part will tackle the society of his novel, in which he describes a country seen through a native Egyptian, and the strong ties which link the Egyptian people to their nation. The third part will focus on women and on the fallah, which greatly inspired the writer. The fourth part will be dedicated to the Pharaonic Egypt. We will see how far he has been influenced by ancient Egypt to descibe the modern one. We have relied on a few works of different writers so as to find an authentic link between what he writes and thinks reality and imagination in his works. We will analyse the way he sees, observes and criticizes his own country
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Yilmaz, Yuksel. "Corruption's effect on public military and education expenditures a cross country analysis /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/7002.
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Arévalo, León Rosa. "Can I count on you? The stability of Cesar Álvarez’s administration (2006 - 2013)." Politai, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91872.
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This article analyzes the factors that contributed to Cesar Alvarez’s administration stability as regional president of Ancash during almost two full consecutive terms (2006 – 2013). Thus, the research focuses on the development of clientelistic and patronage networks that strength- ened his ties with citizens, providing him with constant support. Moreover, those practices protected him from any act of fiscalization or investigation. Finally, public spending, largely financed with mining canon, made possible for Alvarez to show himself as an efficient regional president by developing major infrastructure projects in the region.El presente artículo se centra en los factores que dieron estabilidad a la gestión del expresidente regional de Áncash, César Álvarez, durante casi dos periodos consecutivos (2006- 2013) y con probables miras hacia uno tercero. De esta manera, la investigación se enfoca en el desarrollo de redes clientelares y de patronazgo que fortalecieron los nexos que estableció con la ciudadanía, proporcionándole apoyo constante. Asimismo, aquellas prácticas le sirvieron de blindaje ante cualquier acto de fiscalización o investigación. Por último, el gasto público en gran parte producto del canon minero, hizo que Álvarez se demuestre como una autoridad eficiente alpromocionar grandes obras de infraestructura -sobrevaloradas- en la región.
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Ponono, Mvuzo. "Centralising a counter public: an ethnographic study of the interpretation of mainstream news media by young adults in Joza." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65033.
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The 2014 national general elections were characterised by a cloud of scandal hanging over the ANC, and the ANC president Jacob Zuma. The biggest and darkest cloud was the Nkandla scandal. Owing to a reported R246 million spent by the state to refurbish his private home, the president stood accused of wasteful expenditure and financial irregularity. In a country reeling from the continued effects of apartheid, which include high unemployment and poverty, the scandal was a bombshell. According to a vocal and often adversarial mainstream media sphere, the ANC went into those elections with an albatross around its neck. The dominant thought was that the ruling party would suffer a heavy loss of votes. This outcome did not materialise. The ANC lost a marginal share of its previous vote. Mainstream media and civil society were confounded. What had happened? Why had poor black South Africans continued to vote for a party that was obviously in breach of the constitutional order? Against the mismatch between what was predicted or purported and the outcome, this study investigates how young people in the township of Joza, Grahamstown, interpreted one of the biggest political scandals in South Africa’s fledgling democracy. Using a combination of subaltern studies, counter public sphere and audience study, the research looks into the interpretation of a mainstream media scandal that was supposed to diminish the chances of the ANC retaining power, but, instead, barely dented its majority. Through a combination of interviews and participant observation, the study found that young people in the township of Joza demonstrated that they chose to ignore the messages about the corruption of the ANC. The data suggests that they did so, not because of overt racial solidarity, but due to the fact that in a context of high inequality, and continued limitations on economic emancipation, the party shone brightly as a vehicle for economic development. Overall, the study argues that the seemingly dubious undertaking to continue with the ANC is a calculated decision that makes sense when viewed within a given socio-economic context.
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Jiggens, John Lawrence. "Marijuana Australiana : cannabis use, popular culture and the Americanisation of drugs policy in Australia, 1938-1988." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15949/1/John_Jiggens_Thesis.pdf.
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The word 'marijuana' was introduced to Australia by the US Bureau of Narcotics via the Diggers newspaper, Smith's Weekly, in 1938. Marijuana was said to be 'a new drug that maddens victims' and it was sensationally described as an 'evil sex drug'. The resulting tabloid furore saw the plant cannabis sativa banned in Australia, even though cannabis had been a well-known and widely used drug in Australia for many decades. In 1964, a massive infestation of wild cannabis was found growing along a stretch of the Hunter River between Singleton and Maitland in New South Wales. The explosion in Australian marijuana use began there. It was fuelled after 1967 by US soldiers on rest and recreation leave from Vietnam. It was the Baby-Boomer young who were turning on. Pot smoking was overwhelmingly associated with the generation born in the decade after the Second World War. As the conflict over the Vietnam War raged in Australia, it provoked intense generational conflict between the Baby-Boomers and older generations. Just as in the US, pot was adopted by Australian Baby-Boomers as their symbol; and, as in the US, the attack on pot users served as code for an attack on the young, the Left, and the alternative. In 1976, the 'War on Drugs' began in earnest in Australia with paramilitary attacks on the hippie colonies at Cedar Bay in Queensland and Tuntable Falls in New South Wales. It was a time of increasing US style prohibition characterised by 'tough-on-drugs' right-wing rhetoric, police crackdowns, numerous murders, and a marijuana drought followed quickly by a heroin plague; in short by a massive worsening of 'the drug problem'. During this decade, organised crime moved into the pot scene and the price of pot skyrocketed, reaching $450 an ounce in 1988. Thanks to the Americanisation of drugs policy, the black market made 'a killing'. In Marijuana Australiana I argue that the 'War on Drugs' developed -- not for health reasons -- but for reasons of social control; as a domestic counter-revolution against the Whitlamite, Baby-Boomer generation by older Nixonite Drug War warriors like Queensland Premier, Bjelke-Petersen. It was a misuse of drugs policy which greatly worsened drug problems, bringing with it American-style organised crime. As the subtitle suggests, Marijuana Australiana relies significantly on 'alternative' sources, and I trawl the waters of popular culture, looking for songs, posters, comics and underground magazines to produce an 'underground' history of cannabis in Australia. This 'pop' approach is balanced with a hard-edged, quantitative analysis of the size of the marijuana market, the movement of price, and the seizure figures in the section called 'History By Numbers'. As Alfred McCoy notes, we need to understand drugs as commodities. It is only through a detailed understanding of the drug trade that the deeper secrets of this underground world can be revealed. In this section, I present an economic history of the cannabis market and formulate three laws of the market.
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Jiggens, John Lawrence. "Marijuana Australiana: Cannabis use, popular culture and the Americanisation of drugs policy in Australia, 1938-1988." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15949/.
Full textAbstract:
The word 'marijuana' was introduced to Australia by the US Bureau of Narcotics via the Diggers newspaper, Smith's Weekly, in 1938. Marijuana was said to be 'a new drug that maddens victims' and it was sensationally described as an 'evil sex drug'. The resulting tabloid furore saw the plant cannabis sativa banned in Australia, even though cannabis had been a well-known and widely used drug in Australia for many decades. In 1964, a massive infestation of wild cannabis was found growing along a stretch of the Hunter River between Singleton and Maitland in New South Wales. The explosion in Australian marijuana use began there. It was fuelled after 1967 by US soldiers on rest and recreation leave from Vietnam. It was the Baby-Boomer young who were turning on. Pot smoking was overwhelmingly associated with the generation born in the decade after the Second World War. As the conflict over the Vietnam War raged in Australia, it provoked intense generational conflict between the Baby-Boomers and older generations. Just as in the US, pot was adopted by Australian Baby-Boomers as their symbol; and, as in the US, the attack on pot users served as code for an attack on the young, the Left, and the alternative. In 1976, the 'War on Drugs' began in earnest in Australia with paramilitary attacks on the hippie colonies at Cedar Bay in Queensland and Tuntable Falls in New South Wales. It was a time of increasing US style prohibition characterised by 'tough-on-drugs' right-wing rhetoric, police crackdowns, numerous murders, and a marijuana drought followed quickly by a heroin plague; in short by a massive worsening of 'the drug problem'. During this decade, organised crime moved into the pot scene and the price of pot skyrocketed, reaching $450 an ounce in 1988. Thanks to the Americanisation of drugs policy, the black market made 'a killing'. In Marijuana Australiana I argue that the 'War on Drugs' developed -- not for health reasons -- but for reasons of social control; as a domestic counter-revolution against the Whitlamite, Baby-Boomer generation by older Nixonite Drug War warriors like Queensland Premier, Bjelke-Petersen. It was a misuse of drugs policy which greatly worsened drug problems, bringing with it American-style organised crime. As the subtitle suggests, Marijuana Australiana relies significantly on 'alternative' sources, and I trawl the waters of popular culture, looking for songs, posters, comics and underground magazines to produce an 'underground' history of cannabis in Australia. This 'pop' approach is balanced with a hard-edged, quantitative analysis of the size of the marijuana market, the movement of price, and the seizure figures in the section called 'History By Numbers'. As Alfred McCoy notes, we need to understand drugs as commodities. It is only through a detailed understanding of the drug trade that the deeper secrets of this underground world can be revealed. In this section, I present an economic history of the cannabis market and formulate three laws of the market.
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Tu, Sheng-Min, and 塗勝閔. "The Influence of Country Leader Turnover on Corruption and Sovereign Ratings." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52317734529639077966.
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碩士亞洲大學
財務金融學系
102
Corruption is an important social and ethical issue in recent years. It not only hinders the economic growth of a country, but also could let a country drop into the extinct situation when it grows to the worst. Besides, the importance of sovereign ratings would never be ignored. While the sovereign rating varying, the borrowing ability of a country might also vary. This study utilized samples of the members of Union Nations over 1995-2012 to explore the influence of country leader turnover on corruption and sovereign rating. Finally, this study would categorize the country leaders to explore the influence of different types on corruption and sovereign ratings. This study defined that the leaders who owns the real authorities as the real country leader, otherwise, as the nominal country leader. The empirical results showed that the turnover of the nominal country leader would enhance the degree of corruption after three years. In addition, after taking the country characteristics into consideration, this study found that the nominal country leader turnover would enhance the degree of corruption after two years in the semi-presidentialism system group, and sovereign ratings would be reduced after one year. But, in the real country leader turnover group, it would enhance the degree of corruption after three years. However, under the other types of real leader turnover, it will reduce sovereign ratings. Furthermore, this study divided the samples into several groups by the country development degree. This study found that the nominal country leader turnover would enhance the degree of corruption after two and three years with the extreme development group. But, in the real country leader turnover, it would reduce sovereign ratings after one, two and three years. However, if the real country leader turnover, it would enhance the sovereign ratings after two years with the medium degrees. These empirical findings would provide some suggestions to the management and investors while making international investment.
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Desta, Yemane. "Designing anti-corruption strategies for developing countries a country study of Eritrea /." 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08072004-234650/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Chuang, Ya-Ting, and 莊雅婷. "Foreign direct investment, Corruption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94487561579424220081.
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碩士國立高雄大學
經濟管理研究所
96
The FDI increased rapidly since the 1980s. In addition, inward FDI and outward FDI in developing countries have increased dramatically. The impacts of FDI on economic growth have attracted considerable academic attentions. However, literatures obtain mixed conclusions. This study proposes that one of possible explanations might be that the contributions of FDI on economic growth may vary with levels of corruption. The empirical results, based on the cross-country panel from 1998 to 2006, indicate that a country can obtain larger (smaller) contribution of inward (outward) FDI on growth associated with less corruption, supporting our argument. Furthermore, outward FDI may not result in the hollowing-out or the de-industrialization effect. The results also suggest that attracting inward FDI to promote growth may not be a good policy for a developing country associated with serious corruption.
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Tandia, Papa Malamine. "Investigating linkages between human capital, social development and corruption : evidence from a 'SADC' cross-country empirical study using panel data." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22707.
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Corruption remains one of the most enduring phenomenon across the world and notably in Sub Saharan Africa where its scope and depth still culminate generally at distressing levels to a greater or lesser extent across countries and regions. This study presents an empirical analysis of the causes and association types of corruption across SADC countries. Through quantitative methods of analysis, it delivers an assessment of the conditional effect of the human capital and social development along with their respective and combined impact on a corruption model using panel data and multivariate regression estimates across the fifteen SADC countries for the period 2005 - 2013. The research then identifies other covariates economic or institutional - and their functional dependence to the hypothesised triad nexus - that may predict the diversity of corruption level outcomes in the region.The hypotheses considered and tested suggest that both human capital (HC) and social development (SD) are key determinants of corruption outcome levels. We report consistently strong R squared (R2) and high magnitude coefficients for the two variables under several estimation models and for various other control economic and governance variables. For robustness testing, alternate measures of corruption are also used. The results mostly but not entirely support the initial findings. The inclusion of the institutional variables does not confirm for SADC countries the largely found negative association of corruption with democracy and press freedom. Hence young and developing democracies across the region may not benefit from lower levels of corruption in the short run as institutional frameworks in formation remain weak. Meanwhile this research did not allow to derive clear arguments in relation to true causality and effects’ directions. The results remain agnostic with regards to causation between corruption and the selected explanatory variables. In the end human capital and social development in particular were found to be strong and consistent predictors of corruption control and the associations remain robust and significant under numerous specifications.
While omnipresent rhetoric has largely focused on the political dimensions of corruption this study provides a substantial evidence and a nuance contribution to knowledge and literature to the concept of corruption by introducing the interaction effects of human capital and social development which indicate that both explanatory variables are consistent predictors of corruption control levels. In the footsteps of Sen’s theory, it offers a new frame which grants an understanding of the phenomenon of corruption from a capability and human development approach as a new avenue for research. All of which has crucial policy implications for concerned governments. Indeed, efforts to stamp out corruption should be designed first to eliminate or mitigate the root - conditions of its incidence focusing on policies geared towards better education and higher living standards. Relying chiefly on oversight agencies and lending disproportionate attention to enforcement actions and regulatory frameworks would indeed prove to be a misplaced priority.
Fundamentally this thesis argues a new scheme of intelligibility, a renewed “episteme” of corruption which refers to the order of human developmental structures underlying the production of corrupt practices.Business Management
D.B.L.
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Peng, Huang-Jyun, and 彭晃焌. "The Relationship of Corruption, Corporate Governance and Political Economy:A Cross-Country Evidence Around the World." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m26jgq.
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碩士國立臺北商業技術學院
國際商務系碩士班
101
This study is to clarify the corporate governance will be affected by different types of the political economic variable in different countries. Furthermore, in different countries, the corporate governance is relevant to the national levels of corruption and the political economic. Because the lack of existing literatures with integrity in the relationship of the corporate governance, the political economic and the national levels of corruption in different countries. We’re interested in these issues, and attempt to compensate the gap of existing literatures. We use the research method of Panel Data, the F-test and the Hausman Test to conduct analysis with the fixed effects model and the random effects model in 2005-2011. Sample data contains 130 countries around the world,is base on the background of the countries are not the same; the electoral systems of countries are divided into three groups: the majority electoral system, the mixed electoral system and the proportional electoral system. The levels of income are divided into four groups: the low income level country, the lower-middle level country, the upper-middle income country and the high income level country. The result shows that the political economic may affect corporate governance. In addition to, the political economic may affect national levels of corruption also. Under the proportional electoral system, the corporate governance is more deteriorate than others electoral systems, and the national levels of corruption are more serious. This study proves that between the political economic and the national levels of corruption, the corporate governance have indeed mediation effect. On the other hand, this study demonstrates the quality of law enforcement and the legal norms is likely to become the substitute, and occurs in the low-income level country.
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Macedo, João Luís Mendes. "Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and the Influence of Country Corruption in the European Union." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130414.
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Macedo, João Luís Mendes. "Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and the Influence of Country Corruption in the European Union." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130414.
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Chang, Jen-Jung, and 張仁榮. "The Study of the Country''s Integrity System—Based on Anti-Corruption Law System as an Example." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hsg995.
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碩士銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士在職專班
95
From a macroscopic perspective, this study based on our country’s existing Integrity System as a starting point, in the angles of Comparative System and practice, to analyze the current situation, influence and related problems of the country’s anti-corruption law system, as well as whether the needs of upright politics can be meet to achieve anti-corruption through related law systems available in our country, in order to exert the function of eliminating corruption and thus establish a government of integrity and honesty. Therefore, the public opinions which show great anticipation toward the government will be carried out indeed. According to the topic this study explored, this study was divided into three dimensions of“ Corruptive Behavior”,” National Integrity System”, “Anti-corruption Law System”, to explore related concepts and to gather literature. This study was conducted through methods such as Literature Review and Synthetic Method. A National Integrity System comprises a series of systematic mainstays and correlated core” values and measurements”, which emphasize basing on the target as a starting point to expound regulations and systems related to upright politics, providing a complete picture further, to explain the comparative position and context relation that the single-dimensioned policy of upright politics will be in the whole National Integrity System. “Anti-corruption Law System” is the core “values and measurements” that is needed for the systematic mainstay of anti-corruption institution. Thus, based on such a starting point, the status and current situation of Anti-corruption Law System in our country’s integrity system is understood. Further exploration and reviews were also made in hope of realizing upright politics in our country. Four conclusions were suggested by this study: 1. A perspective of National Integrity System may be beneficial to the development of upright politics in our country; 2. The regulating function of Anti-corruption Law System is not complete and has its limit;3. We should learn from Singapore and Hong Kong for their strong points in anti-corruption law systems; 4. The anti-corruption law system should be reviewed regularly, and anti-corruption ordinances should be set up.
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Chang, Yung-Chih, and 張永智. "Does Internationalization Improve Firm Performance? -The Moderating Effects of the Firms Bribery and the Host Country Corruption." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58396691763208159730.
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碩士國立中興大學
企業管理學系所
95
Being a small-island economy and lacking abundant resources, Taiwan has paid close attention to internationalization. Compare with western MNCs Taiwanese small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lack international experiences, so the capacity to invest abroad directly may be limited. Due to these reasons, internationalization may bring the profit for Taiwanese businesses? Subject to internal environment of parent company and external environment of the host country, MNCs may encounter a lot of challenges in the process of international expansion. Previous empirical studies reveal that the relationships between internationalization and performance were inconsistent. The main reason may be that this relationship is interfered with many factors, especially the host country’s political and economic environment. However, not too many studies catch the importance of the political activities in the process of internationalization. Hence, this research combines political activities (i.e., the firm’s bribery and the host country corruption) and the environment in the host country (i.e., the level of the host country development) to investigate how internationalization improve MNCs’ performance. This study focuses on the relationships between internationalization extent and MNCs’ performance (parent company’s performance, innovation performance and subsidiary’s performance), and also explores the role of moderators in terms of firm’s bribery, host country corruption, and the level of the host country development. Empirical samples were taken from 2004 database of Department of Statistics, Ministry of Economic Affairs. They are 1,155 MNCs and 1,112 subsidiarys. Using hierarchical multiple regression method and ordinal logit for hypothesis testing, the findings show that: 1) internationalization has an U-shape effect on parent company’s financial performance, an inverse U-shape effect on subsidiary’s financial performance, and parent company’s innovation performance. 2) the host country corruption negatively influence parent country’s financial performance. 3) the level of the host country development has positive effect on parent country’s financial and innovation performance. 4) the parent country bribery has a positive effect on parent country innovation performance. 5) when the host country corruption is enhanced, it increases the effect of internationalization on subsidiary’s financial performance. 6) when the level of the host country development is enhanced, it decreases the effect of internationalization on subsidiary’s financial performance. This study also found that both the host country’s corruption and bribery were also important factors that disrupt social stability. This research points out another view of political activities and use political activities relevant behaviors to make up the gap of resource-based theory and expand the contents of firm’s resources.
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Mwamba, Leon Tshimpaka. "An evaluation of the anti-corruption initiatives in Botswana and their relationship to Botswana's development." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14218.
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The study focuses on an evaluation of the anti-corruption initiatives in Botswana and their relation to Botswana’s development. An evaluation was needed to find out whether the anti-corruption initiatives were effective and whether there were a correlation between the effectiveness of the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes (DCEC) and the level of development in Botswana.
This study showed that, the DCEC has succeeded to low corruption in Botswana through its most successful public education mandate and debatable good governance. The DCEC has helped to enhance service delivery in the public sector through the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Units (ACUs) within the Ministries aimed at tackling corruption in-house. Consequently, a significant slight improvement was registered in both public health and education sectors. However, that improvement was still minimal to the extent that it has been hampered by the challenging working conditions of the DCEC attributable to the inadequacy of legislation, lack of manpower, shortage of required skills and slow criminal justice system as well as the debatable independence of the DCEC, evidenced by its reporting and appointing lines. This implies that the impact of the DCEC in the development of Botswana has been minimal, as the country is still devastated by socio-economic disparities especially in rural areas.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Van, Heerden Anjelee. "Drug trafficking : the use of South African drug mules in crossborder smuggling." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19039.
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This study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon of drug trafficking with specific reference as to how South African drug mules are used in crossborder drug smuggling. Through media analysis, semi-structured interviews with drug trafficking experts and a literature study the researcher was able to make findings and recommendations as per the objectives of the study. The objectives of the study included examining how drug mules smuggle drugs across South African borders; what role drug mules play in drug trafficking syndicates and the motivations and reasons why South Africans are increasingly being recruited as drug mules. The researcher also attempted to determine the nature and extent of the drug demand supply in and to South Africa. By making the deduction that drug demand and drug supply are interrelated the researcher was ultimately able to conclude that drug mules will continue to engage in drug smuggling as long as there is a demand for drugs and readily available drug supply routes to and from a county.
From the media reports analysed cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin were the drugs most smuggled by South African drug mules. It is also clear from the media reports that cocaine and methamphetamine are smuggled in the largest quantities by South African drug mules. The quantities of heroin found in the possession of South African drug mules were insignificantly small. This contradicts treatment centre data analysed that indicated heroin and methamphetamine users were almost double in numbers in comparison to cocaine users being treated at centres.
Most South African drug mules are used to smuggle drugs to the cocaine markets in Europe and South Africa; the cannabis/marijuana (herb) market in Europe; the cannabis (resin) hashish market in Canada and the United States of America; the crystal methamphetamine market in the Far East (largely Japan and Korea) and the heroin market in South Africa.
Using criminology theories as a basis, the researcher attempted to describe why people are vulnerable to being recruited as drug mules. Findings concluded that structural factors such as poverty and unemployment and substance abuse-related problems, particularly in marginalised and disadvantaged communities, all contribute to South Africans becoming drug mules.
Recommendations by the researcher focused on identifying specific vulnerabilities associated with drug mule recruiting and its consideration in legislation relating to drug trafficking in South Africa. The recommendations focus on the specific prosecution of drug abusers, drug mules, drug distributors and drug mule recruiters. Lastly it is projected by the researcher that the drug demand in South Africa will continue to increase if the drug supply routes and drug smuggling operations by syndicates are not addressed more firmlyCriminology
M.A. (Criminology)
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Su, Yu-chang, and 蘇毓昌. "Anti-corruption and Local Governance — A Case Study of Yilan County." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70021378720328873161.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
93
Decentralization has become a direction of future government reforms and reinventions. However, at the meantime of promoting empowerment of local governments, the governance capacity of local governments has always been a main point deserving to be paid attention to, of which, corruption has long been a problem, annoying local government operations and influencing the quality of governance. Therefore, the issue of how to strengthen reforms would be the crux for local government toward good governance in the future. In recent years, the term “Yilan Experience” has gradually become the pronoun of good governance in the history of Taiwanese local government governance. The resistance of political figures toward combating corruption is the origin of Yilan Experience and successful governance results. Beginning from year 1981, the study explores related anti-corruption measures during the administration of Commissioner Chen, Yu, and Liu. The three phases are named as the initiation period, development period, and consolidation period, respectively. The research compares the differences of the three phases and concludes the political figure head, environment, reforms of administration procedure, transparent and open information, autonomous rules, changes of governance approaches, transfers of policy viewpoints, and responses to the public’s demand are the main factors of Yilan’s anti-corruption model. In the end, the study posts two suggestions on a nationwide and local basis in hope of providing local governments with some concrete practices to fighting corruption and pursuing good governance.
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Yu, Pen Ching, and 游本慶. "The analysis of corruption-cases study of Taipei county police bureau in the past five years." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90774544488704962877.
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碩士國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
99
The issue of police corruption has once and again occurred, and police corruption should, theoretically, be deterred effectively under the strong and powerful disciplining actions by the police authority internally. Nonetheless, acts of corruption seem to have never been stopped, and therefore, it is not only to discover internal problem for police corruption but also probe for causes of police corruption from others aspect and external of the organization before the factors of police corruption that affect it can be located and spotted. This study has employed “literature analysis,” “case study,” and “expert in-depth interview,” and its has focused on information regarding 43 policemen who are involved with bribery cases in the last 5 years in Taipei County to carry out statistic analysis. It will work to establish the profile on police corruption problem, and then conduct content analysis from related literature theory so as to effective induce the behavior of police corruption. On the other hand, expert in-depth interview is employed to appreciate the cause of police corruption and correlate against their difference with that in this study so as to modify its research results timely. As such, it is able to understand the issue of police corruption cases and focus of problem raised with concern, and it is anticipated that the study results can help inspect and prevent the current status of corruption by police so as to put forth substantive suggestions. It is found from the study that reasons of police corruption can be included as: personal reason, such as poor management of personal wealth; participation of gamble and ending up gambling loan, and unscrupulous spending ending up in debts and salary deduction; organizational atmosphere (group behavior), such as gift-sending for socializing; performance policy, police are willing to connect themselves with triad society in order to fight for better performance record; abuse of power, use authority of their office to accept bribe or actively request for bribery. In view of the above-mentioned reasons, resolutions are then generated, including strengthening elimination mechanism, extermination of gift-sending culture, review of criminal policy, and power control and so forth. No matter if it is “external environment system,” “internal environment system” and “personal environment system” and other factors of causes lead to police corruption; in fact, since the state has endowed authority to police to enforce public authority, it is hard that police won’t abuse it as they await for an opportunity. Therefore, “power control” is the most effective measure for the prevention against police corruption, and it is noted by Kao Tai-Ming, an enterprise celebrity,” that “devil is found hidden within the detail.” It has well stressed that the hub of problem lies with every link of mechanism for control. As for power control, it should rely on with the implementation of “power of enforcement,” and it is considered as one of the primary cause most people believe police are not honest and clean. In such a way, the police administration should suitably establish effective mechanism of control and evaluation so as to avoid police power is being abused during the process of law enforcement, or exploit for personal benefit with their office so that public trust for law enforcement can be built up and favorable police image enhanced.
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Shih, Chia-Wen, and 施嘉文. "The Research of Police Corruption-A Case Study of the Taipei City and the Taipei County Police Bureau." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21457543250475224218.
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碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
98
There are endless negative reports regarding police’s corruption scandals in recent years. Although the number of officers involving corruption is relatively small, it denies the police’s achievements in public security, and ruins their public image. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the causes, factors, and procedures of police’s corruptions. The main purposes of this thesis are: first, to discuss the classification, cause and procedure of police corruption by summarizing the methods, factors (conditions), targets and other influential factors through case studies. Secondly, to explore the main cause and stages of police corruptionthrough the finding from the above discussions. Thirdly, to provide suggestions, potential methods of preventing poice corruptionthrough the summaries of the above explorations. The research method of this thesis is based on case study. The subjects selected are corruption cases from the police bureaus that have the most officers been accused according to ‘the Analysis of Corruptions of the Police (Jan. 2004 to Jan. 2009), including Taipei County Police Bureau (32%) and Taipei City Police Bureau (6%). The subjects are police officers involved with corruptions relates to mining, porn and gaming industries in the two Bureaus. The thesis, which is based on indictments of Taiwan Banciao District Court and Taiwan High Court, impeachment reports and reasearch studies by Control Yuan, discusses the factors, causes, patterns, and proceduresof the subjects. The findings of this thesis are corruptions are influenced by personal integrity, self-control, motivation, organization, and 26 other factors. Secondly, there is a high proportion of corruptions which are committed by officers in the age of 31 to 35 and lower ranked officers. Thirdly, the patterns can be summarized into eight categories, Including corruptions that relate inspection, law enforcing, prosecution, et cetera. Fourthly, the procedure of a corruption in the police has two stages, and can be further divided into five sub stages, including initial, growing, evolving, strengthen, achieving stage. Fifthly, group corruptions in the police are usually in a pyramid-shaped accomplice organization. Sixthly, the first person that briber tries to contact is usually the officer in charge of the finance in the local police office. Seventhly, improper treats from the bribers are corruptions. Eighthly, the way that briberies are various. Ninthly, corruptions are not effectively prevented due to the weakness of the leadership in supervisors in the police. The suggestions in the thesis are as below: Policy: centralization of budget, co-supervision from the public and the media. Prevention: an full inspection of the police recruitment, vocational training in law, integrity, and discipline, training in leadership for the administration, training customer-oriented service for the internal affairs department, the development of duty inspection system, strengthen the development of discipline related information, enhance turnover rate, rotation of positions, restrict vice eastablishments. Correciton: implementation of examinations of officers, an continuous implementation of discipline enhancement project. These suggestions are expected to have positive influence on police corruption prevention, and could be advices for the administration. Key words: police, corruption, police occupational crime
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WANG, JHEN-YU, and 王振宇. "The Study of the causes of Corruption Crime and Prevention Measures – A Case Study of Township and City Offices in Yunlin County." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04683229818160287395.
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碩士環球科技大學
公共事務管理研究所
102
The purpose of this study was to investigate types of corruption that occurred in the township offices in Yunlin County. A case study approach was adopted, which was based on cases from the Law and Regulation Retrieving System, Judicial Yuan. The cases involved included corruption cases occurred in the last five years (July 1, 2008–June 30, 2013) in Yunli County, and only the cases that came to the Supreme Court for trial were analyzed. In addition, people who served as supervisors of government ethics offices in Yunlin County were interviewed to understand the causes of corruption identified in the township offices in Yunlin County. The results are expected to be a reference for staff of government ethics offices performing affairs against corruption in government organizations and township offices. Consequently, corruption in township offices could be avoided, and an honest and able government that satisfies people’s demands could be established. The research results show that in a township office (1) the construction division was most likely to involve in corruption, the most frequently seen corruption was public construction, and the people who were most likely to involve in corruption included staff in the construction division and the county executive; (2) people were most likely to violate Article 5.1.(3), “taking unlawful profits by an act that belongs to the official duties,” and Article 6.1.(4), “using the opportunity provided by one’s position of status for unlawful gains for oneself or for other in matters under his or her charge or supervision” in the Anti-Corruption Act. Moreover, they were inclined to violate Articles 213 and 216, “a public official who makes in a public document within his charge an entry which he knows to be false,” in the Criminal Code; and (3) the primary cause of public servant corruption was that providers or people suggested the intention of bribery and the public servant took the unlawful profits because of greed. The secondary cause was that a public servant asked for bribery from the provider, who had no choice but to obey. The tertiary cause was that a public servant, due to disorderly lifestyles or desire for unlawful profits, found opportunities to engage in unlawful behavior including asking for bribery or misappropriation. The aforementioned research findings and interview results revealed that the two high risk groups for corruption were construction organizers (water resources, land development, government procurement, and public construction execution) and executives elected by people. Furthermore, the followings are suggestions for government organizations to prevent public servants from involving in corruption or unlawful misconducts: (1) abolishment of democratically electing local executives; (2) emphasis on auditing the construction division; (3) implementation of job rotation; and (4) strengthening public servants’ awareness of laws.