Relevant bibliographies by topics / Counter electrojet

Academic literature on the topic 'Counter electrojet'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Counter electrojet"

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Sastry, T. S., and S. V. S. Sarma. "Equatorial Counter-Electrojet and Magnetic Pulsations." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 49, no. 10 (1997): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.49.1247.

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Francisca, N. Okeke, A. Hanson Esther, C. Okoro Eucharia, B. C. Isikwue, and J. Ugonabo Oby. "Formation and identification of counter electrojet (CEJ)." International Journal of Physical Sciences 8, no. 15 (April 23, 2013): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijps12.700.

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Rastogi, R. G. "Meridional equatorial electrojet current in the American sector." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 2 (February 28, 1999): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0220-4.

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Abstract. Huancayo is the only equatorial electrojet station where the daytime increase of horizontal geomagnetic field (H) is associated with a simultaneous increase of eastward geomagnetic field (Y). It is shown that during the counter electrojet period when ∆H is negative, ∆Y also becomes negative. Thus, the diurnal variation of ∆Y at equatorial latitudes is suggested to be a constituent part of the equatorial electrojet current system. Solar flares are known to increase the H field at an equatorial station during normal electrojet conditions (nej). At Huancayo, situated north of the magnetic equator, the solar flare effect, during nej, consists of positive impulses in H and Y and negative impulse in Z field. During counter electrojet periods (cej), a solar flare produces a negative impulse in H and Y and a positive impulse in Z at Huancayo. It is concluded that both the zonal and meridional components of the equatorial electrojet in American longitudes, as in Indian longitudes, flows in the same, E region of the ionosphere.Key words. Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (dynamo theories) · Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; ionosphere disturbances)
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Rabiu, A. Babatunde, Olanike Olufunmilayo Folarin, Teiji Uozumi, Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid, and Akimasa Yoshikawa. "Longitudinal variation of equatorial electrojet and the occurrence of its counter electrojet." Annales Geophysicae 35, no. 3 (April 7, 2017): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-535-2017.

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Abstract. We examined the longitudinal variability of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and the occurrence of its counter electrojet (CEJ) using the available records of the horizontal component H of the geomagnetic field simultaneously recorded in the year 2009 (mean annual sunspot number Rz = 3.1) along the magnetic equator in the South American, African, and Philippine sectors. Our results indicate that the EEJ undergoes variability from one longitudinal representative station to another, with the strongest EEJ of about 192.5 nT at the South American axis at Huancayo and a minimum peak of 40.7 nT at Ilorin in western Africa. Obtained longitudinal inequality in the EEJ was explicable in terms of the effects of local winds, dynamics of migratory tides, propagating diurnal tide, and meridional winds. The African stations of Ilorin and Addis Ababa registered the greatest % of CEJ occurrence. Huancayo in South America, with the strongest electrojet strength, was found to have the least occurrence of the CEJ. It is suggested that activities that support strong EEJ inhibits the occurrence of the CEJ. Percentage of occurrence of the CEJ varied with seasons across the longitudes. The order of seasonal variation of morning occurrence does not tally with the evening occurrence order at any station. A semiannual equinoctial maximum in percentage of morning occurrence of the CEJ was obtained at Huancayo and Addis Ababa. Only Addis Ababa recorded equal equinoctial maxima in percentage of evening occurrence of the CEJ. The seasonal distribution of the occurrences of the CEJ at different time regimes implies a seasonal variability of causative mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of the CEJ.
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Mengistu, Endalkachew, and Tsegaye Kassa. "Temporal characteristics of the Equatorial Electrojet and Counter Electrojet over Ethiopian sector." Advances in Space Research 55, no. 2 (January 2015): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.10.031.

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Akiyama, T., A. Yoshikawa, A. Fujimoto, and T. Uozumi. "Relationship between plasma bubble and ionospheric current, equatorial electrojet, and equatorial counter electrojet." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1152 (January 2019): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1152/1/012022.

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Somayajulu, V. V., K. S. Viswanathan, K. S. V. Subbarao, and L. Cherian. "Distortions in the height structure of the equatorial electrojet during counter electrojet events." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 56, no. 1 (January 1994): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)90175-9.

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Rastogi, R. G. "Morphological aspects of a new type of counter electrojet event." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 2 (February 28, 1999): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0210-6.

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Abstract. The study describes the time and space morphologies of a rather new type of counter electrojet event on the basis of data from the excellent chain of magnetic and ionospheric observatories along the Indo-Russian longitude sector. Abnormally large westward currents are observed during almost the whole of the daytime hours on a series of days. These events do not form any vortices in the current system and do not apparently seem to be associated with tidal effects or any solar magnetosphere events or geomagnetic disturbances. The existence of a westward electric field over the equatorial ionosphere has been confirmed by the absence of an equatorial type of sporadic E in the ionograms at Thumba precisely during the periods when ∆H at Trivandrum minus ∆H at Alibag is negative. The equatorial F region anomaly was also absent on the counter electrojet day. Such counter electrojet events during the northern winter months of low solar activity years are suggested to be the result of the modified wind system in the ionosphere associated with stratospheric warming events.Key words. Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (time variations · diurnal to secular) · Ionosphere (electric fields and currents; equatorial ionosphere)
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Somayajulu, V. V., Ligi Cherian, K. Rajeev, Geetha Ramkumar, and C. Raghava Reddi. "Mean winds and tidal components during counter electrojet events." Geophysical Research Letters 20, no. 14 (July 23, 1993): 1443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93gl00088.

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Archana, R. K., N. Phani Chandrasekhar, Kusumita Arora, and Nandini Nagarajan. "Constraints on Scale Lengths of Equatorial Electrojet and Counter Electrojet Phenomena From the Indian Sector." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 123, no. 8 (August 2018): 6821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018ja025213.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Counter electrojet"

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Thomas, Glyn Rees. "Counter electrode materials for electrochromic windows." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261513.

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Brotherston, Ian David. "Electrochemical characterisation of proposed counter electrode for electrochromic windows." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242301.

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SANGIORGI, NICOLA. "Portable photo-rechargeable device based on Molecular Imprinted Polypyrrole counter-electrode." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201675.

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In this work a flexible photo-rechargeable device obtained coupling a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell and a micro-supercapacitor was developed and tested. The energy harvester based on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) was implemented using an innovative and efficient counter-electrode based on Molecular Imprinted polypyrrole (MIP-PPy). Glycine as a template molecule was found to produce the highest solar cells efficiency when a gel-state electrolyte was used. At the same time, the electrochemical storage unit based on flexible micro-supercapacitor (µ-SC) was studied focusing on the electrodes properties (Zinc Oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide). ZnO as pseudocapacitive electrode was produced and the influence of surfactant molecules introducing during the electrochemical synthesis on specific capacitance and transparency of the obtained film was studied. On the other hand, electrochemically reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) double layer electrode was prepared and the influence of the deposition time on the electrode properties was studied. The final device was obtained coupling the best ZnO and rGO electrode with an electrolyte gelled with silica or nanoclay. The second one leads to the device with the highest capacitance and cycling stability. Finally, a flexible photo-rechargeable based on DSSC and µ-SC was prepared; the two systems were integrated in the same substrate creating a unique, integrated device. The photovoltage produced by the DSSC under illumination was found to be able to recharge the flexible µ-SC.
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Zheng, Yichen. "Photoanode and counter electrode modification for more efficient dye sensitized solar cells." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17841.

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Master of Science
Department of Chemistry
Jun Li
With the increasing consumption of energy and the depletion of fossil fuels, finding an alternative energy source is critical. Solar energy is one of the most promising energy sources and solar cells are the devices that convert solar radiation into electricity. Currently, the most widely used solar cell is based on p-n junction formed with crystalline silicon materials. While showing high efficiency, the high fabrication cost limits its broad applications. Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a promising low-cost alternative to the Si solar cell, but its efficiency is much lower. Improvements in materials and interfaces are needed to increase the DSSC efficiency while maintain the low cost. In this thesis, three projects were investigated to optimize the DSSC efficiency and reduce the cost. The first project is to optimize the TiO[subscript]2 barrier layers on Fluorine-doped Tin Dioxide (FTO) surface. Two preparation methods, i.e. TiCl[subscript]4 solution treatment and thermal oxidation of sputtered Ti metal films, were employed and systematically studied in order to minimize electron-hole recombination and electron backflow during photovoltaic processes of DSSCs. TiCl[subscript]4 solution treatment method was found to create a porous TiO[subscript]2 barrier layer. Ti sputtering method created a very compact TiO[subscript]2 blocking layer. Two methods showed different characteristics and may be used for different DSSC studies. The second project is to reduce the DSSC cost while maintaining the efficiency by replacing the expensive Pt counter electrode with a novel vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) electrode. A large specific electrode surface area (~125 cm[superscript]2 over 1 cm[superscript]2 geometric area) was obtained by using VACNFs. The relatively high surface area, good electric conductivity and the large numbers of active graphitic edges existed in cone-like microstructure of VACNFs were employed to improve redox reaction rate of I[subscript]3[superscript]-/I[superscript]- mediators in the electrolyte. Faster electron transfer and good catalytic activities were obtained with such counter electrodes. The third project is to develop a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method to coat TiO[subscript]2 shells on VACNF arrays as potential photoanodes in the DSSC system in order to improve the electron transfer. Fabrication processes were demonstrated and preliminary materials were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. MOCVD at 300 mTorr vapor pressure at 550° C for 120 min was found to be the optimal condition.
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Hartridge, Adrian. "Lanthanide doped ceria thin films as possible counter electrode materials in electrochromic devices." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367148.

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Yu-HsuanYang and 楊玉軒. "Porous counter electrode based perovskite solar cells." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47108639978717851080.

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"Effects of Sputtered Platinum Counter Electrode and Integrated TiO2 Electrode with SWCNT on DSSC Performance." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14369.

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abstract: Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the third generation solar cells expected to outperform the first two generations of solar cells with their advantages of comparative higher efficiency and lower manufacturing costs. The manufacturing cost of Dye sensitized solar cells is one fifth of the conventional silicon solar cell. However, DSSCs have problems of low conversion efficiency, stability and reliability. Some effective approaches are required to improve their performance. This paper projects the work related to assessment and verification of the repeatability of the semi-automated fabrication process. Changes were introduced in to the fabrication process to enhance the efficiency and stability. The sealant step in the fabrication process was remodeled to a newer version with an improvement in efficiency from 11% to 11.8%. Sputtering was performed on counter electrode in 30 seconds intervals. Cells were fabricated to assess the performance & time dependent characteristics from EIS experiments. Series resistance increased three times in sputtered Pt electrode as compared to standard platinum electrode. This resulted in the degradation of conductive surface on glass electrode due to heavy bombardment of ions. The second phase of the project work relates to the incorporation of SWCNT on the TiO2 electrode and its effect on the cell efficiency. Different weight loadings (0.1 wt %, 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt %) of SWCNTs were prepared and mixed with the commercial TiO2 paste and ethanol solvent. The TiO2-SWCNT layer was coated on the electrode using screen-printing technique. Both open circuit voltage and photocurrent were found to have measurable dependence on the TiO2 layer loading. Photo voltage ranged from ~0.73 V to ~0.43 V and photocurrent from ~8 to ~33 mA depending on weight percent loading. This behavior is due to aggregation of particles and most TiO2 aggregate particles are not connected to SWCNT. Transparency loss was observed leading to saturation in the photo current and limiting the light absorption within the TiO2 film.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S.Tech Technology 2011
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Chang, Chih-Chien, and 張志謙. "Study of Multi-layer Structure Working Electrodes and Composite Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rm96td.

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碩士
國立宜蘭大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
102
The study is to investigate the two parts of working electrode and counter electrode. In the first part, the anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and hollow spherical were prepared by hydrothermal method, then use screen printing method to fabricate active layer, blended layer and scattering layer to compose the optimization multiple structures working electrode. This multiple structures not only can increase the dye adsorption but also the light scattering ability, performance of the current density 17.49 mA/cm2, and the efficiency was 9.24%. In the second part, the fabrication of platinum (Pt) counter electrodes was performed with various preparation methods and different materials. Counter electrodes such as Pt/graphene via screen printing and Pt by sputtering was utilized in DSSCs and their photovoltaic performances were compared. Due to the higher dispersibility of add graphene in the Pt could increased catalytic ability, the Pt/graphene device exhibited a lower electron transport resistance (R1) than Sputter Pt CE device as observed from electrochemical impedance data. The Pt/graphene device exhibited a higher current density 14.20 mA/cm2 and the efficiency of 7.88% , which was relatively higher than Sputter Pt CE (23.90%). The optimum conditions for the two parts of working electrode and counter electrode, the performance of current density 18.52 mA/cm2, and the efficiency can be reached 9.52%.
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Yang, Bing-Hao, and 楊秉豪. "Carbon Nanomaterials as Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37685736843639624234.

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碩士
元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
99
This dissertation can be qualitatively divided into three parts, (i) influence of 1-D carbon nanotubes and 2-D graphene nanosheets carbon, (ii) mesocarbon microbead-based and (iii) graphene nanosheet with different oxidation levels as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. The resulting carbon counter electrodes were characteried by XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, Solar simulator and IPCE test. (i) 1-D carbon nanotubes and 2-D graphene nanosheets carbon as counter electrodes This study examines the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) equipped with 1-D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2-D graphene nanosheets (GNs) carbon counter electrodes. Imperfect defects were attached to the sidewall or both the ends of the CNTs, and the edges of the GNs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. When compared with the GN-based counter electrode, CNT-based counter electrodes showed a better improvement in the incident photon-to-current efficiency and power conversion efficiency of the cells. This enhancement of cell performance can be attributed to the combination of CNT network and spherical graphite bottom layer, favoring dye adsorption, catalytic redox activity, and 1-D charge-transfer path length. Such carbon configuration as counter electrode provides a potential feasibility for replacing metallic Pt counter electrodes. (ii) Mesocarbon microbead-based as counter electrodes The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) equipped with mesocarbon microbead (MCMB)-based counter electrodes were explored to examine their cell performance. Three types of nanosized additives including platinum, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon black (CB) are well dispersed and coated over microscaled MCMB powders. In the design of the counter electrodes, the MCMB graphite offers an excellent medium that allows charge transfer from the ITO substrate to the dye molecule. The active materials such as Pt, CNT, and nanosize CB act as an active site provider for the redox reaction. Among these counter electrodes, the DSCs fabricated with CB electrode exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency. This improved efficiency can be attributed to the fact that the CB nanoparticles not only offer a large number of catalytic sites but also low charge transfer resistance, facilitating a rapid reaction kinetics. Such design of carbon counter electrode has been confirmed to be a promising candidate for replacing Pt electrodes. (iii) Graphene nanosheet with different oxidation levels as counter electrodes This study examines the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) equipped with graphene nanosheet (GN) counter electrodes with different oxidation levels. A thermal deposition is adopted to adjust O/C atomic ratio and surface oxygen functionalities on graphene sheets. With decreasing the O/C ratio, the GN electrode displays high catalytic activity toward the I3¯/I¯ redox reaction and lower charge-transfer resistance, analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The DSC fabricated with GN counter electrode also offers an improved incident photon-to-current efficiency and power conversion efficiency, in comparison with that equipped with graphene oxide electrodes. This improvement of cell performance could be attributed to the fact that the GN with 2-dimensional crystal of sp2 carbon and π electrons, acts as a semi-metal or a zero-bandgap semiconductor with remarkable high electron mobility.
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Jung-CheTsai and 蔡榮哲. "Fabrication of cobalt sulfide nanomaterials for counter electrode in DSSCs." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50574936146087292723.

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博士
國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系
103
Because of high price of Pt noble metal, it is necessary to investigate new materials to replace the Pt as counter electrodes (CE) of DSSCs for industrial production. In this study, the cobalt sulfide nanomaterials with nanoflake arrays, mesoporous thin films and mesoporous nanotube arrays, respectively, are successfully fabricated on FTO coated glass by difference synthesis technologies including hydrothermal synthesis of Co(OH)2, mesoporous Co3O4 formation from cobalt-chelated chitosan, selective etching of ZnO sacrificial templates and ion-exchange reaction (IER). The mesoporous Co3O4 structures composed of the Co3O4 nanoparticles possess the high surface area and take advantage for further removal of templates and ion-exchange reaction. The mesoporous CoS2 structures are prepared by substitution of S2- for O2- after the IER at 90 ℃ for 4 hours. Morphologies and crystal structures of the CoS2 structures were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD analyses. Their electrocatalytic properties were determined by electrochemical analyses including cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement and Tafel polarization. Among all cobalt sulfides, the DSSC assembled with mesoporous CoS2 nanotube array CE achieved a highest power conversion efficiency of 6.13% under AM 1.5 condition, which was comparable to that of 6.04% for the DSSC with Pt CE. It indicates that the mesoporous CoS2 nanotube array can be a low-cost and efficient alternative for the reduction of electrolytes in DSSCs.
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Books on the topic "Counter electrojet"

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Yun, Sining, and Anders Hagfeldt, eds. Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.

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Pandikumar, Alagarsamy, and Kandasamy Jothivenkatachalam. Counter Electrode for Dye¿sensitized Solar Cells. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Pandikumar, Alagarsamy, and Kandasamy Jothivnekatachalam. Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003110774.

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Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2020.

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Pandikumar, Alagarsamy, and Kandasamy Jothivnekatachalam. Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2020.

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Pandikumar, Alagarsamy, and Kandasamy Jothivnekatachalam. Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2020.

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Pandikumar, Alagarsamy, and Kandasamy Jothivnekatachalam. Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2020.

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Hagfeldt, Anders, and Sining Yun. Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2018.

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Hagfeldt, Anders, and Sining Yun. Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2018.

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Vià, Cinzia Da, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta, and Sherwood Parker. Radiation Sensors with 3D Electrodes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Counter electrojet"

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Aryan, Naser Pour, Hans Kaim, and Albrecht Rothermel. "The Effect of the Counter Electrode on Stimulation Electrode Lifetime." In Stimulation and Recording Electrodes for Neural Prostheses, 65–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10052-4_7.

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Uhl, Alexander R. "Metal Counter Electrodes for Perovskite Solar Cells." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 421–56. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch17.

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Zhou, Xiao, Chen Wang, Yangliang Zhang, Wen Fang, Yuzhi Hou, Chen Zhang, Xiaodong Wang, and Sining Yun. "Cell Efficiency Table of DSSCs with Various Counter Electrode Electrocatalysts." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 531–617. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.app1.

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Yun, Sining. "Counter Electrode Catalysts in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells - An Overview." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 1–25. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch1.

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Pitchaimuthu, Sudhagar, Raman Vedarajan, K. L. Vincent Joseph, and Yong Soo Kang. "TMCs/Polymer Composite Electrocatalysts for I-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 231–61. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch10.

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Sun, Wenbo, Rui Chen, Zhuang Xiong, Shizhe Scott Ouyang, Kuan Sun, and Jianyong Ouyang. "Carbon/Polymer Composite Electrocatalysts for the Counter Electrode of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 263–93. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch11.

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Seo, Hyunwoong. "Carbon/Transition Metal Compound/Polymer Composite Electrocatalysts for I-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 295–321. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch12.

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Ye, Meidan, Qun Liu, James Iocozzia, Xiaodan Hong, Xiangyang Liu, and Zhiqun Lin. "Polycomponent Electrocatalysts for I-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 323–48. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch13.

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Vlachopoulos, Nikolaos, Marina Freitag, and Anders Hagfeldt. "Cu Complex Redox Couples Open Up New Possibilities for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 349–65. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch14.

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Hao, Feng, and Hong Lin. "Electrocatalysts for T-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 367–93. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Counter electrojet"

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Muralikrishna, P., and S. Prakash. "VHF Radar Observations of Plasma Irregularities in the Counter Electrojet." In 2nd International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.316.8.

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Muralikrishna*, P., and V. H. Kulkarni. "Counter Electrojet – Can meteoric dust in the lower E-region be responsible for it?" In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19-23 November 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2007-401.

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Muralikrishna, P., and V. H. Kulkarni. "Counter Electrojet – Can meteoric dust in the lower E-region be responsible for it?" In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.172.sbgf0424_07.

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Jiang, Xinge, Taikai Liu, and Hanlin Liao. "The Effect of a Gradient Porous Structure on the Performance of Cold-Sprayed Electrodes used in Alkaline Water Electrolysis." In ITSC 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0148.

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Abstract Alkaline water electrolysis is currently the most promising approach to produce hydrogen. However, a main limitation for large-scale application originates from the significant energy loss caused by the coverage of bubbles on the electrode surface. Here, pore-graded Ni electrodes with a positive and negative gradient porous structure that boosts the desorption and release of gas bubble are reported, resulting in a greatly advanced mass transference. The electrodes are obtained from a blend of Ni and Al via high-pressure cold spray. The gradient porosity is realized by varying the addition of Al and chemical etching. As-sprayed electrodes are annealed to eliminate the residual stress and strengthen the adhesion of layers, hence improving their durability. As a result, the electrode with a positive pore-graded structure exhibits a better HER/OER performance when tested with a carbon rob counter electrode. Notably, when tested with an annulus counter electrode of Nickel foam, the electrode with a negative pore-graded structure achieves minimal HER/OER overpotential, outperforming other porous electrodes. This is benefited from improved bubble removal and mass transference capability. All prepared electrodes showed an excellent stability that after 500 cycles of HER/OER test without a large potential fluctuation.
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Zhang, Muheng, and Yongsheng Lian. "Numerical Investigation of the Coulter Principle in a Microfluidic Device." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16011.

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Coulter counters are analytical microfluidic instrument used to measure the size and concentration of biological cells or colloid particles suspended in electrolyte. The underlying working mechanism of Coulter counters is the Coulter principle which relies on the fact that when low-conductive cells pass through an electric field these cells cause disturbances in the measurement (current or voltage). Useful information about these cells can be obtained by analyzing these disturbances if an accurate correlation between the measured disturbances and cell characteristics. In this paper we use computational fluid dynamics method to investigate this correlation. The flow field is described by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, the electric field is represented by a Laplace’s equation in which the conductivity is calculated from the Navier-Stokes equations, and the cell motion is calculated by solving the equations of motion. The accuracy of the code is validated by comparing with analytical solutions. The study is based on a coplanar Coulter counter with three inlets that consist of two sheath flow inlet and one conductive flow inlet. The effects of diffusivity, cell size, sheath flow rate, and cell geometry are discussed in details. The impacts of electrode size, gap between electrodes and electrode location on the measured distribution are also studied.
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Sayer, Robert A., Stephen L. Hodson, and Timothy S. Fisher. "Improved Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Aligned Carbon Nanotubes." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90331.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer many advantages in comparison to their Si-based counterparts, including lower cost of raw materials, faster manufacturing time, and the ability to be integrated with flexible substrates. Although many advances have been made in DSSC fabrication over recent years, their efficiency remains lower than commercially available Si photovoltaic cells. Here we report improved efficiency of TiO2/anthocyanin dye solar cell using aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a counter electrode. Dense vertically oriented CNT arrays are grown directly on the counter electrode using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and a tri-layer (Ti/Al/Fe) catalyst. The resulting arrays are 30 micrometers in height and have a number density of approximately five hundred million per square millimeter. By directly growing the CNTs on the counter electrode substrate, electrical interface conductance is enhanced. The performance of both as-grown and N-doped (using a nitrogen plasma) CNT arrays is reported. The fabricated DSSCs are tested under AM1.5 light. Increased short circuit current is observed in comparison to graphite and Pt counter electrodes. We attribute this improvement to the large surface area created by the 3D structure of the arrays in comparison to the planar geometry of the graphite and Pt electrodes as well as the excellent electrical properties of the CNTs.
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Palomar Pardave, Manuel Eduardo, Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, and Ruel A. Overfelt. "Magnesium V-Process Casting: Part II — Electrochemical and SEM Analyses for Corrosion Testing." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60448.

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The corrosion testing of precision sand and V-process cast magnesium specimens was carried out in a typical three-electrode electrochemical cell, where the working electrodes were made with each of the alloy samples. The reference electrode was the saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The counter electrode was a graphite rod, and the electrolyte was a 0.85 M NaCl aqueous solution (pH 7). Two electrochemical methods were used: potentiodynamic scan and Tafel plots. The working electrode potential was controlled with a potentiostatgalvanostat PAR EG&G 273 coupled to a PC running the SoftCorr II software, which allows the experimental control and data acquisition. The measurements demonstrated that the sand cast magnesium specimen is more susceptible to corrosion, in this medium, compared with the V-process cast sample.
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Parekh, Mihir, and Christopher Rahn. "Dendrite Suppression and Energy Density in Metal Batteries With Electrolyte Flow Through Perforated Electrodes." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23487.

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Abstract Previous research shows that forced advection through porous lithium metal electrodes can eliminate dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries. In this paper, we study the effect of creeping electrolyte flow through perforated metal anodes on dendrite growth and energy density by using a 2D COMSOL Multiphysics model. The flowing electrolyte enhances plating inside the slot (2D model of pore) and reduces plating on the part of electrode directly facing the counter-electrode. This reduces the chances of short circuit via dendrite growth. Higher electrolyte velocity reduces the plating current density in the inter-slot gap and increases the amount of plating in the slot. Larger slot separation and thicker electrodes alleviate dendrite growth but lower the specific charge density. Wider slots enhance the possibility of short circuits and narrower slots may get plugged due to plating inside the hole. Thus, slot width, slot separation, and electrode thickness should be optimized to ensure high specific charge density and non-dendritic plating in the inter-slot gap.
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Granqvist, C. G., A. Azens, A. Hjelm, L. Kullman, G. A. Niklasson, D. Rönnow, M. Strømme Mattsson, M. Veszelei, and G. Vaivars. "Recent Advances in Electrochromics for Smart Windows Applications." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.thc.1.

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Electrochromic smart windows are able to vary their throughput of radiant energy by low-voltage electrical pulses. This function is caused by reversible shuttling of electrons and charge balancing ions between an electrochromic thin film and a transparent counter electrode. The ion transport takes place via a solid electrolyte. Charge transport is evoked by a voltage applied between transparent electrical conductors surrounding the electrochromic film/electrolyte/counter electrode stack. This review summarizes recent progress concerning (i) calculated optical properties of crystalline WO3, (ii) electrochromic properties of heavily disordered W oxide and oxyfluoride films produced by reactive magnetron bias sputtering, (iii) novel transparent reactively sputter deposited Zr-Ce oxide counter electrodes, and (iv) a new proton-conducting antimonic-acid-based polymer electrolyte. Special in-depth presentations are given on elastic light scattering from W-oxide-based films and of electronic bandstructure effects affecting opto-chronopotentiometry data in Zr-Ce oxide. The review also contains some new device data for an electrochromic smart window capable of very high optical transmittance.
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Byungkwan Yu, Yunyoung Noh, Jeungjo Han, and Ohsung Song. "MWCNT employed counter electrode for DSSCs." In 2011 IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nmdc.2011.6155405.

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Reports on the topic "Counter electrojet"

1

Macdonald. L51750 New Technique to Assess Level of Cathodic Protection in Underground Pipe Systems (Phases I and II). Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010611.

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This report introduces the Variable Frequency Impedance Tomography (VFIT) method for assessing the effectiveness of non-interruptible power supplies (sacrificial anodes) for protecting coated buried pipe. This method imposes a low-amplitude alternating voltage between the pipe and a reference electrode placed on the surface. A potentiostat/galvanostat controls the electric potential by modulating the current between the pipe and a surface counter electrode. The principle interpretive tool used in this study was an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that had been \trained\" on simulated pipe with a defective coating and on field data from a test pipe.
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