Journal articles: 'Counter Battery'

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Khudov, Hennadii, Iryna Yuzova, Bohdan Lisohorskyi, Yuriy Solomonenko, Serhii Mykus, Artem Irkha, Volodymyr Onishchuk, Serhii Sukonko, Galina Semiv, and Semen Bondarenko. "Development of methods for determining the coordinates of firing positions of roving mortars by a network of counter-battery radars." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001821.

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The mathematical formulation of the problem of determining the coordinates of targets in the network of counter-battery radars is formulated. It has been established that the problem of estimating the coordinates of targets in the network of counter-battery radars for an excessive number of estimates of primary coordinates should be considered as a statistical problem. The method for determining the coordinates of the firing positions of roving mortars has been improved, in which, in contrast to the known ones, the coordinates of targets on the flight trajectory are coordinated with space and time and the information is processed by a network of counter-battery radars. The developed simulation mathematical model for determining the coordinates of the firing positions of roving mortars by a network of counter-battery radars. Simulation modeling of the method for determining the coordinates of the firing positions of roving mortars by a network of counter-battery radars has been carried out. It has been established that the use of a network of radars makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the firing means on average from 23 % to 71 %, depending on the number of counter-battery radars in the network. It has also been found that the appropriate number of counter-battery warfare radars in the network is three or four. A further increase in the number of counter-battery warfare radars in the network does not lead to a significant increase in the accuracy of determining the coordinates of artillery and mortar firing positions. In carrying out further research, it is necessary to develop a method for the spatial separation of elements of a group of targets and interfering objects by a network of counter-battery warfare radars

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Нolovan, V., V. Gerasimov, А. Нolovan, and N. Maslich. "REAL CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RADAR STATIONS OF THE COUNTER BATTERY FIGHTINGV." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.30-40.

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Fighting in the Donbas, which has been going on for more than five years, shows that a skillful counter-battery fight is an important factor in achieving success in wars of this kind. Especially in conditions where for the known reasons the use of combat aviation is minimized. With the development of technical warfare, the task of servicing the counter-battery fight began to rely on radar stations (radar) to reconnaissance the positions of artillery, which in modern terms are called counter-battery radar. The principle of counter-battery radar is based on the detection of a target (artillery shell, mortar mine or rocket) in flight at an earlier stage and making several measurements of the coordinates of the current position of the ammunition. According to these data, the trajectory of the projectile's flight is calculated and, on the basis of its prolongation and extrapolation of measurements, the probable coordinates of the artillery, as well as the places of ammunition falling, are determined. In addition, the technical capabilities of radars of this class allow you to recognize the types and caliber of artillery systems, as well as to adjust the fire of your artillery. The main advantages of these radars are:  mobility (transportability);  inspection of large tracts of terrain over long distances;  the ability to obtain target's data in near real-time;  independence from time of day and weather conditions;  relatively high fighting efficiency. The purpose of the article is to determine the leading role and place of the counter-battery radar among other artillery instrumental reconnaissance tools, to compare the combat capabilities of modern counter-battery radars, armed with Ukrainian troops and some leading countries (USA, China, Russia), and are being developed and tested in Ukraine. The method of achieving this goal is a comparative analysis of the features of construction and combat capabilities of modern models of counter-battery radar in Ukraine and in other countries. As a result of the conducted analysis, the directions of further improvement of the radar armament, increasing the capabilities of existing and promising counter-battery radar samples were determined.

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Wang, Wubin, Wenxi Yao, Wei Chen, Dong Chen, and Zhengyu Lu. "Failure Warning at the End of Service-Life of Lead–Acid Batteries for Backup Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 5760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175760.

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The prediction of remaining useful life is an important function of battery management systems. Existing research typically focused on factors that determine the quantity of the remaining useful capacity, and are able to determine the remaining useful capacity several years before battery failure to counter hysteresis of variables of lead–acid batteries. These techniques are not suitable at the end of service-life for backup batteries. This paper proposes a linear-superposition–voltage-aging model with three improvements. First, the estimation of the deep-discharge of the proposed voltage model does not require the remaining useful capacity. Second, the internal resistance of the deep-discharge is predicted from the contacting resistance of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Third, a morphology correction factor of internal resistance is about to saturate at the end of battery service-life. The model accurately forecasts battery failure at the end of service-life in two groups of accelerated-aging experiments. The proposed method in this paper focuses on the factors that determine quality of remaining useful capacity to counter hysteresis of variables of lead–acid batteries and judge battery failure at the end of service-life.

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Quinard, Honorat, Eduardo Redondo-Iglesias, Serge Pelissier, and Pascal Venet. "Fast Electrical Characterizations of High-Energy Second Life Lithium-Ion Batteries for Embedded and Stationary Applications." Batteries 5, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010033.

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This paper focuses on the fast characterization of automotive second life lithium-ion batteries that have been recently re-used in many projects to create battery storages for stationary applications and sporadically for embedded applications. Specific criteria dedicated to the second life are first discussed. After a short review of the available state of health indicators and their associated determination techniques, some electrical characterization tests are explored through an experimental campaign. This offline identification aims to estimate the remaining ability of the battery to store energy. Twenty-four modules from six different commercial electric vehicles are analyzed. Well-known methodologies like incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and constant voltage phase analysis during CC-CV charge highlight the difficulty—and sometimes the impossibility—to apply traditional tools on a battery pack or on individual modules, in the context of real second life applications. Indeed, the diversity of the available second life batteries induces a combination of aging mechanisms that leads to a complete heterogeneity from a cell to another. Moreover, due to the unknown first life of the battery, typical state of health determination methodologies are difficult to use. A new generic technique based on a partial coulometric counter is proposed and compared to other techniques. In the present case study, the partial coulometric counter allows a fast determination of the capacity aging. In conclusion, future improvements and working tracks are addressed.

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Lu, Shanshan, Yang Lv, Wenqing Ma, Xiaofeng Lei, Ruie Zhang, Hong Liu, and Xizheng Liu. "Boosting the ultrastable Li storage performance in electron-sponge-like polyoxovanadates by constructing inorganic 3D structures." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 12 (2017): 2012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qi00581d.

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Mg₂(NH₄)₂V₁₀O₂₈·nH₂O with a 3D extended structure tuned by counter cations has been prepared as an active electrode material for a Li ion battery.

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Liu, Xu, Giuseppe Antonio Elia, and Stefano Passerini. "Evaluation of counter and reference electrodes for the investigation of Ca battery materials." Journal of Power Sources Advances 2 (April 2020): 100008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powera.2020.100008.

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McCallum, Marvin, Alvah Bittner, Joshua Rubinstein, James Brown, Joel Richman, and Randal Taylor. "Factors Contributing to Airport Screener Expertise." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 10 (September 2005): 922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901011.

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An airport X-ray Screener Test Battery was developed to better understand how selected aspects of screeners' visual and perceptual capabilities, attentional and verbal processing, work schedule, medication use, work history, training, equipment knowledge, personal style, attitudinal characteristics, and job satisfaction are related to job performance. The Test Battery was administered to 92 X-ray screeners and analyses compared Test Battery performance with X-ray screening job performance. Analyses suggest that important factors related to X-ray screening performance include several aspects of perceptual and attentional processing; screeners' time on the job; screeners' work schedules; and their use of pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter drugs, and dietary supplements. Potential applications of the findings for improving screener performance through personnel selection, training, workforce management, and X-ray equipment design enhancements are discussed. Ongoing research is also outlined.

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Gomesh, Nair, Mohammad Shafawi, Muhammad Irwanto, Mohd Irwan Yusoff, Muhammad Fitra, and Norman Mariun. "Performance Improvement of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell by Using Recycle Material for Counter Electrode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.823.

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This project is to investigate the counter electrode material from two different carbon sources to fabricate dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The carbon sources are extracted from battery and pencil lead. The method to prepare the DSSC is through the conventional Dr.Blading method. The same method is also used for the counter electrode which uses carbon from recycle batteries, the carbon from pencil lead are scribbled onto the ITO glass to get a uniform coating. Both thickness of the counter electrode vary accordingly. The solar cells are then placed under outdoor solar irradiation and the output is taken every 10 minutes. Based on observation, the solar cells which have the carbon from batteries shows higher cell efficiency which is 8.2 % with lower FF of 0.78, compared to by using the pencil lead, the cell efficiency is only 7.23% but with a higher FF of 0.93.

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Son, Pyeong Soo, Min-Seok Oh, Jun-Hee Ye, and Seong-Ho Choi. "Counter anion effects in anion exchange membrane-fabricated non-aqueous vanadium redox flow battery." Analytical Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (October 25, 2015): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5806/ast.2015.28.5.341.

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Molenaar, Sam D., Margo Elzinga, Sonja G. Willemse, Tom Sleutels, Annemiek ter Heijne, and Cees J. N. Buisman. "Comparison of Two Sustainable Counter Electrodes for Energy Storage in the Microbial Rechargeable Battery." ChemElectroChem 6, no. 9 (May 2, 2019): 2464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.201900470.

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11

Heubner, C., U. Langklotz, M. Schneider, and A. Michaelis. "Analysis of the counter-electrode potential in a 3-electrode lithium ion battery cell." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 759 (December 2015): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.10.037.

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Samadhi, Tjokorde W., Febrizca Narcia, and Hendro Amril. "Preliminary Evaluation of Potassium Extraction from Bamboo Ash." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 03027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603027.

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Bamboo is a potentially economical fuel crop that has not been utilized at a substantial extent for energy generation in Indonesia. As a thermal conversion waste, bamboo ash is particularly interesting due to its high potassium content. This paper discusses the determination of several key parameters of a simple batchwise extraction process to recover potassium in the form of weak solution from bamboo ash. To produce the ash, black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolaceae) is charred in a fixed bed combustor. The bamboo char is ground and ashed at 500 °C in an electric furnace. The ash yield is 3.3 %-mass relative to as-received ash, with an ash K2O content of 12.9 %-mass. The ash is ground until passing 100-mesh standard sieve, and extracted by deionized water on a 2-stage laboratory-scale batchwise extractor battery. Process variables include extractror battery configuration (counter-current and co-current), temperature (nominal setting at 45-80 °C), and contact period of 1-6 hours. The concentration of extracted K2O increases asymptotically with temperature and contact time. Counter-current extraction yields more than twice the extract K2O concentration compared to cross-current extraction. The optimum conditions for the counter-current extraction is identified as a temperature of 78 °C and contact time of 4 hours, resulting in a 0.70 %-mass K2O solution concentration. Spot sampling of commercial liquid fertilizer products in Indonesia indicates an equivalent K2O content of 0.08-13.6 %-mass, suggesting the potential of the bamboo ash extract as an intermediate for fertilizer product.

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Wang, Hong Jie, Li Guo Jin, Shuo Wang, Chao Wang, and Tai Yang Liu. "Study on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Graphene / Pt Counter Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 1056 (October 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1056.25.

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Graphene/platinum composite gel was prepared with chloroplatinic acid and graphene oxide (GO) as precursors by in-situ reduction method. Grapheme/platinum composite film as counter electrode was prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) method. Battery was assembled with nanoTiO2film as anode, N3 dye, and ionic liquid electrolyte. It was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Graphene/platinum composite film include very thin graphene layers, with platinum particles of an average dimension dispersed evenly in graphene layers. This device shows similar photoelectric conversion efficiency compared with platinum electrode under 100 mWcm-2(1 sun) AM1.5 illumination.

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William, J. Johnson, I. Manohara Babu, and G. Muralidharan. "Lithium ferrite (α-LiFe5O8) nanorod based battery-type asymmetric supercapacitor with NiO nanoflakes as the counter electrode." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 38 (2019): 15375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03774h.

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The fabricated battery-type NiO//α-LiFe₅O₈ cell could deliver a specific energy of 30 W h Kg⁻¹ at a specific power of 621 W kg⁻¹ with 90.5% capacity retention at the end of 5000 GCD cycles.

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Wilke, Jan, Oliver Vogel, and Sandra Ungricht. "Traditional Neuropsychological Testing Does Not Predict Motor-Cognitive Test Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 7393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207393.

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The ecological validity of neuropsychological testing (NT) has been questioned in the sports environment. A frequent criticism is that NT, mostly consisting of pen and paper or digital assessments, lacks relevant bodily movement. This study aimed to identify the determinants of a newly developed testing battery integrating both cognitive and motor demands. Twenty active individuals (25 ± 3 years, 11 males) completed the new motor-cognitive testing battery (MC), traditional NT (Stroop test, Trail Making test, Digit Span test) and isolated assessments of motor function (MF; Y-balance test, 20m-sprint, counter-movement jump). Kendal’s tau and partial Spearman correlations were used to detect associations between MC and NT/MF. Except for two items (Reactive Agility A and counter-movement jump; Run-Decide and sprint time; r = 0.37, p < 0.05), MC was not related to MF. Similarly, MC and NT were mostly unrelated, even when controlling for the two significant motor covariates (p > 0.05). The only MC item with (weak to moderate) associations to NT was the Memory Span test (Digit Span backwards and composite; r = 0.43–0.54, p < 0.05). In sum, motor-cognitive function appears to be largely independent from its two assumed components NT and MF and may represent a new parameter in performance diagnostics.

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Yaqub, Asim, Huma Ajab, Mohamed Hasnain Isa, Hisyam Jusoh, Muhammad Junaid, and Robina Farooq. "Effect of Ultrasound and Electrode Material on Electrochemical Treatment of Industrial Wastewater." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 15, no. 4 (March 15, 2012): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v15i4.49.

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The effect of ultrasound (US) and electrode material on electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater was studied. Samples were taken from three industries i.e. battery, ghee and tannery. Treatment efficiency was monitored by comparing the results of electrochemical and sonoelectrochemical processes in terms of metals and chemical oxygen demand COD removal. Experiments were performed in ultrasonic bath. In sonoelectrochemical process concentration of Pb decreased from 11.5 to 0.6 ppm at 80 kHz form battery industry. Similarly about 95 % removal of Cr (III) was observed from tannery wastewater using lead cathode. Titanium anode was found best counter electrode in metals removing. High COD removal was obtained by using steel anode at 80 kHz. Use of ultrasound is very effective in removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from industrial wastewater.

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Scheers, J., D. Lidberg, K. Sodeyama, Z. Futera, and Y. Tateyama. "Life of superoxide in aprotic Li–O2 battery electrolytes: simulated solvent and counter-ion effects." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 15 (2016): 9961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp08056h.

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Combining DFT-MD and DFT simulations we probe the bond length and the electronic properties of O₂*⁻ in three aprotic solvents – in the presence of Li⁺ or TBA⁺.

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Pooyodying, Pattarapon, Jung-Woo Ok, Jirapat Anuntahirunrat, and Youl-Moon Sung. "Synthesis of Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Used by Recycled Alkaline (LR6) Battery." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2017.2154.

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Hwang, Jinkwang, Koki Takeuchi, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, and Rika Hagiwara. "NASICON vs. Na metal: a new counter electrode to evaluate electrodes for Na secondary batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 47 (2019): 27057–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09036c.

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NaV₂(PO₄)₃ is prepared by chemical desodiation of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ using Cl₂ gas, and the mixture of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and NaV₂(PO₄)₃ is used as a novel and reliable NASICON-type counter electrode for Na secondary battery tests.

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Johnsen, Rune E., Poul Norby, and Matteo Leoni. "Intercalation of lithium into disordered graphite in a working battery." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 4 (June 28, 2018): 998–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718007756.

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The structural transformations occurring during the intercalation of lithium into disordered graphite in a working battery were studied in detail by operando X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). By using a capillary-based micro-battery cell, it was possible to study the stacking disorder in the initial graphite as well as in lithiated graphites. The micro-battery cell was assembled in its charged state with graphite as positive electrode and metallic lithium as counter electrode. The battery was discharged until a stage II compound (LiC12) was formed. The operando XRPD data reveal that the graphitic electrode material retains a disordered nature during the intercalation process. A DIFFaX+ refinement based on the initial operando XRPD pattern shows that the initial graphite generally has an intergrown structure with domains of graphite 2H and graphite 3R. However, the average stacking sequence of the initial graphite also contains a significant concentration of AA-type stacking of the graphene sheets. DIFFaX+ was further used to refine structure models of a stage III type compound and the final stage II compound. The refinement of the stage II compound showed that it is dominated by AαAAαA-type stacking, but that it also contains a significant concentration of AαABβB-type slabs in the average stacking sequence.

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Garcia, Sergio Navarro, Xian Yang, Laura Bereczki, and Dénes Kónya. "Aqueous Solubility of Organic Compounds for Flow Battery Applications: Symmetry and Counter Ion Design to Avoid Low-Solubility Polymorphs." Molecules 26, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051203.

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Flow batteries can play an important role as energy storage media in future electricity grids. Organic compounds, based on abundant elements, are appealing alternatives as redox couples for redox flow batteries. The straightforward scalability, the independence of material sources, and the potentially attractive price motivate researchers to investigate this technological area. Four different benzyl-morpholino hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized as potential redox active species. Compounds bearing central symmetry were shown to be about an order of magnitude less soluble in water than isomers without central symmetry. Counter ions also affected solubility. Perchlorate, chlorate, sulfate and phosphate anions were investigated as counter ions. The formations of different polymorphs was observed, showing that their solubility is not a function of their structure. The kinetics of the transformation can give misleading solubility values according to Ostwald’s rule. The unpredictability of both the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the formation of polymorphs is a danger for new organic compounds designed for flow battery applications.

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Palazzo, Albert P. "The British Army's Counter-Battery Staff Office and Control of the Enemy in World War I." Journal of Military History 63, no. 1 (January 1999): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120333.

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Kulmala, Markku, Genrik Mordas, Tuukka Petäjä, Tiia Grönholm, Pasi P. Aalto, Hanna Vehkamäki, Anca I. Hienola, et al. "The condensation particle counter battery (CPCB): A new tool to investigate the activation properties of nanoparticles." Journal of Aerosol Science 38, no. 3 (March 2007): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.11.008.

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Kennedy, Robert S., Janet J. Turnage, and William P. Dunlap. "Diagnosis of Alcohol Intoxication: Effectiveness of Cognitive and Neurovestibular Field Sobriety Tests." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 14 (October 1993): 964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701407.

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Tests from an automated performance test battery of cognitive tests and the standardized field sobriety tests (FST) used nationwide by law enforcement officers were administered in three experiments involving graded dosages of alcohol. In the first experiment, subjects were raised to one of four levels of alcohol dosage in four different sessions. In the second experiment, the descending branch of the blood alcohol level (BAL) curve was monitored from .15 BAL, and cognitive and motor performances were assessed by the Automated Performance Test System (APTS) and FST. In the third experiment, the ascending and descending limbs of the alcohol dosage curve were followed. Dose-response relationships were conducted and were statistically significant (p < .001) in all three studies for all but one test when evaluated singly. Using either test battery, composite scores could be employed to index degraded performance from elevated blood alcohol levels. The best single test was gaze nystagmus from the FST battery and the next best was code substitution from the cognitive battery. Taken singly, the individual tests ranged from 66% to 81% in terms of correctly detecting the dichotomous criterion of < 0.10 versus 0.10 BAC and above. These results are discussed in the context of standards setting for driving under the influence (DUI) and the use of behavioral tests to evaluate over-the-counter and prescription drugs.

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Lee, Youngjun, and Young Sam Lee. "A Low-Cost Surge Current Detection Sensor with Predictive Lifetime Display Function for Maintenance of Surge Protective Devices." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 18, 2020): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082310.

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In this study, a low-cost surge current detection sensor (SCDS) that can measure high current surges using a low-current toroidal coil is proposed for maintenance of a surge protective device (SPD). The proposed SCDS is designed to display the predicted lifetime of the SPD based on the magnitude of surge current and number of surges. In addition, a method for measuring high surge current using a toroidal coil that can usually measure only low current is proposed. A lightning strike counter consists of a microcontroller with a low-power liquid crystal display (LCD) driver, 3 VDC lithium battery, and signal conditioning circuit that converts amplitude information of the surge current into duration information of a negative pulse to facilitate processing in the microcontroller. In this paper, we propose a software algorithm that can calculate the remaining lifetime of SPD based on the amplitude and number of surge currents. There is also an option to select the capacity of the surge protective device and the number of phase lines, allowing it to assess the predicted lifetime for various types of Class II SPDs. The proposed SCDS is measured as 7.2 μA from the battery power consumption test, and the service life is calculated to be 11.1 years. It meets the International Standard IEC62561-6 test conditions of the lightning strike counter and is expected to be useful in the maintenance of SPDs and lightning protection systems.

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Evanjelene, Swathy K., and Gracelin H. Christa. "AerobON Breathe on with AerobON." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 7 (October 27, 2015): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.372.

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In this era, a smartphone is all you need to save a life. We have developed a product that promises to bridge the gap between health and technology, making life simpler. AerobON is a practical add-on to the medical asthma kit. It is a two-tier system -- a mobile application (Android, Windows & IOS platform) and a device (Microcontroller, Bluetooth & battery). When in sync, features like find device, panic button, peak flow meter, puff counter, etc. are available. It’s a one-of-a-kindproduct design that aims to minimize the risk of asthma.

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Yudha, Cornelius Satria, Soraya Ulfa Muzayanha, Hendri Widiyandari, Ferry Iskandar, Wahyudi Sutopo, and Agus Purwanto. "Synthesis of LiNi0.85Co0.14Al0.01O2 Cathode Material and its Performance in an NCA/Graphite Full-Battery." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101886.

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Nickel-rich cathode material, NCA (85:14:1), is successfully synthesized using two different, simple and economical batch methods, i.e., hydroxide co-precipitation (NCA-CP) and the hydroxides solid state reaction method (NCA-SS), followed by heat treatments. Based on the FTIR spectra, all precursor samples exhibit two functional groups of hydroxide and carbonate. The XRD patterns of NCA-CP and NCA-SS show a hexagonal layered structure (space group: R_3m), with no impurities detected. Based on the SEM images, the micro-sized particles exhibit a sphere-like shape with aggregates. The electrochemical performances of the samples were tested in a 18650-type full-cell battery using artificial graphite as the counter anode at the voltage range of 2.7–4.25 V. All samples have similar characteristics and electrochemical performances that are comparable to the commercial NCA battery, despite going through different synthesis routes. In conclusion, the overall results are considered good and have the potential to be adapted for commercialization.

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Dillon, Harvey, Sharon Cameron, Helen Glyde, Wayne Wilson, and Dani Tomlin. "An Opinion on the Assessment of People Who May Have an Auditory Processing Disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, no. 02 (February 2012): 097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.2.4.

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We need to rethink how we assess auditory processing disorder (APD). The current use of test batteries, while necessary and well accepted, is at risk of failing as the size of these batteries increases. To counter the statistical, fatigue, and clinical efficiency problems of large test batteries, we propose a hierarchical approach to APD assessment. This begins with an overall test of listening difficulty in which performance is measurably affected for anyone with an impaired ability to understand speech in difficult listening conditions. It proceeds with a master test battery containing a small number of single tests, each of which assesses a different group of skills necessary for understanding speech in difficult listening conditions. It ends with a detailed test battery, where the individual tests administered from this battery are only those that differentiate the skills assessed by the failed test(s) from the master test battery, so that the specific form of APD can be diagnosed. An example of how hierarchical interpretation of test results could be performed is illustrated using the Listening in Spatialized Noise—Sentences test (LiSN-S). Although consideration of what abilities fall within the realm of auditory processing should remain an important issue for research, we argue that patients will be best served by focusing on whether they have difficulty understanding speech, identifying the specific characteristics of this difficulty, and specifically remediating and/or managing those characteristics.

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Kee, Yongho, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Norikazu Ishigaki, Munekazu Motoyama, Yuta Kimura, Koji Amezawa, and Yasutoshi Iriyama. "An appropriate reference and counter electrode in an all-solid-state battery using NASICON-structured solid electrolyte." Electrochemistry Communications 130 (September 2021): 107108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107108.

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Zdanowska, Sandra, Magdalena Pyzalska, Józef Drabowicz, Damian Kulawik, Volodymyr Pavlyuk, Tomasz Girek, and Wojciech Ciesielski. "Carbon nanotubes functionalized by salts containing stereogenic heteroatoms as electrodes in their battery cells." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2016-0066.

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Abstract This paper concentrates on electrochemical properties of groups of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized with substituents containing a stereogenic heteroatom bonded covalently to the surface of the carbon nanotube. This system was tested in Swagelok-type cells. The cells comprised a system (functionalized CNT with salts containing S and P atoms) with a working electrode, microfiber separators soaked with electrolyte solution, and a lithium foil counter/reference (commercial LiCoO2) electrode. The electrolyte solution was 1 M LiPF6 in propylene carbonate. Using standard techniques (cyclic voltammetry/chronopotentiometry), galvanostatic cycling was performed on the cells at room temperature with a CH Instruments Model 600E potentiostat/galvanostat electrochemical measurements. Methods of functionalization CNT were compared in terms of the electrochemical properties of the studied systems. In all systems, the process of charge/discharge was observed.

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Kishore, Krishna, Koushik Ray, Sanjeev Kumar, J. P. Anand, Lalan Thakur, D. Ravi, A. Suresh, et al. "Tyrosine Supplementation A Nutraceutical Approach to Counter Heat Stress Induced Cognitive Decline." Defence Life Science Journal 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.6.15870.

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Supplementation of tyrosine, non-essential amino acid, and precursor of catecholamine was found to ameliorate the heat-induced alterations in latencies of event-related potential P300 and contingent negative variation. Here we present the effect of tyrosine supplementation on heat stress (exposure to ambient temperature 45 oC and relative humidity 30 %) induced alterations in behavior (attention, mood) and levels of plasma monoamines. Ten healthy male participants received a placebo food bar or tyrosine-containing food bar (6.5 g in 50 g) 90 min before heat stress exposure of 90 min. Plasma and urine samples were assayed for catecholamine levels, their precursor, and metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography. A computer-based automated test battery was used to assess attention and mood by profile of mood states questionnaire. A significantly higher plasma tyrosine (p<0.001) leading to an increased norepinephrine (p<0.05) levels in the tyrosine supplemented group was observed. Selective (p<0.001) and sustained attention (p<0.02) in the tyrosine group were significantly better compared to the placebo group. Reaction time and anger scores decreased (p<0.001) with tyrosine supplementation. It may be concluded that tyrosine supplementation improves heat stress-induced decrement in attention by maintaining the synthesis and turnover of norepinephrine.

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Liu, Kai Xu, and Yu Bo Duan. "The Realization of 16-Bit PWM for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Charging by Using C8051F020 MCU." Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (December 2010): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.78.

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In the lithium-ion battery charging circuits, needs to solve the PWM signal and systems synthesis control item. Therefore, converting voltage feedback signal by C8051F020 MCU ADC0, the result which ADC0 converts delivers the Programmable Counter Array PCA0 module to realize 16-bit PWM trigger signal to control the charging circuit output. At the same time in producing the PWM signal, Use the ADC0 window detector to realize entering value surpassing range alarm and protection, Also, because 12-bit ADC0 is, therefore, Have carried out a recondition on the PCA0 value in program, have realized PWM control signal output, it's frequency is to set up, cause it's application to further nimble, control accuracy more highly.

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Becherif, M., M. C. Péra, D. Hissel, and S. Jemei. "Enhancement of the Coulomb Counter Estimator by the on-board Vehicle Determination of Battery Initial State of Charge." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 21 (2012): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120902-4-fr-2032.00109.

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Wen, Yue-Hua, Jie Cheng, Shang-Qi Ning, and Yu-Sheng Yang. "Preliminary study on zinc–air battery using zinc regeneration electrolysis with propanol oxidation as a counter electrode reaction." Journal of Power Sources 188, no. 1 (March 2009): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.054.

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Wu, Jin Jwang, Douglas W. Cooper, and Robert J. Miller. "Evaluation of aerosol deconvolution algorithms for determining submicron particle size distributions with diffusion battery and condensation nucleus counter." Journal of Aerosol Science 20, no. 4 (January 1989): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90081-5.

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Priyono, Bambang, Nita Dianova, Anne Zulfia Syahrial, and Achmad Subhan. "Optimizing Anode Performance Using Silicon Nanoparticle to Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as Prepared by Hydrothermal Mechanochemical Process with Li₂CO₃ as Lithium Ion Source." Materials Science Forum 929 (August 2018): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.929.225.

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Lithium titanat Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12)/LTO is one of more favourable materials to be used as anode electrode to replace graphite in Li-ion battery application. The LTO has a crystal structure that is more stable than graphite, and undergoes less strain during lithium intercalation process. However, along with the increasing demand for batteries with high performance, the capacity of LTO also needs to be increased, among others by combining with a high capacity material, i.e: silicon, which theoretical capacity can reach 4200 mAh/g, but with volumetric strain of 300%. To minimize volume expansion effect, nanoscale silicon particle is used to form the LTO/Si nanocomposite. This research is carried out to synthesize the spinel LTO prepared by hydrothermal and mechanochemical process from xerogel TiO2. During preparation of slurry mixture of active material to make anode sheet, the LTO is mixed with silicon nanoparticle at 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The coin cell type battery is assembled with lithium metal as the counter electrode. The material characterization instruments used are X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) showing the elements mapping. The battery performance is tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge discharge (CD). From EIS testing, the conductivity values of the samples decrease along with the increasing weight of Si nanoparticles. The CV test shows that the highest capacity of 197.09 mAh/g is achieved on the sample with 5wt% Si-nano. The CD test shows that this LTO/Si nanocomposite is capable to withstand at high charge/discharge rate at until 12 C exceeding the electric car battery requirement at 10 C.

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Chaikovskaya, Eugene. "Development of smart grid technology to maintain the functioning of photoelectric charging stations." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 8(111) (June 30, 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.235120.

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An integrated Smart Grid system has been developed for matching the production and consumption of electric power based on a prediction of changes in the battery capacity. Advanced decisions on the change in power transmission capacity have made it possible to regulate voltage in the distribution system by maintaining the power factor of the photoelectric charging station. Voltages at the input to the hybrid inverter and in the distribution system were measured to assess their ratio. Comprehensive mathematical and logical modeling of the photoelectric charging station was performed based on the mathematical substantiation of architecture and operation maintenance. A dynamic subsystem including such components as mains, a photoelectric module, a hybrid inverter, batteries, a two-way counter Smart Meter and a charger formed the basis of the proposed technological system. Time constants and coefficients of mathematical models of dynamics in terms of estimation of changes in the battery capacity and power factor of the photoelectric charging station were determined. A functional estimate of changes in the battery capacity and power factor of the photoelectric charging station was obtained. Maintenance of voltage in the distribution system was realized based on resulting operation data to estimate a change in the battery capacity. Advanced decision-making has made it possible to raise the power factor of the photoelectric charging station up to 40 % due to matching the electric power production and consumption. Maintenance of operation of the photoelectric charging station using the developed Smart Grid technology has enabled prevention of peak loading of the power system due to a 20 % reduction of power consumption from the network.

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Oliveira, Lucas De Paula, Vitor Luiz De Andrade, Luiz Henrique Palucci Vieira, Rodrigo Leal de Queiroz Thomaz De Aquino, Luiz Guilherme Cruz Gonçalves, Rafael Pombo Menezes, and Enrico Fuini Puggina. "Anthropometric characteristics vary by game position and demonstrate correlation with motor performance in handball." Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício 19, no. 5 (October 19, 2020): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v19i5.4121.

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Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe and compare anthropometric variables and motor performance between playing positions, and to test the correlations between these variables in adult handball players. Methods: Participated in the study twenty three handball players (20,78 ± 3,83 years), being subdivided by position into backs (n = 9), wings (n = 9) and pivots (n = 5). Two assessment batteries were carried out, with an interval of 72 h, and analyzed in the first battery the anthropometric variables (height, body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and fat mass percentage) and the performance on the tests squat jump, counter movement jump and standing broad jump, and in the second the performance on 10 m sprint test and agility. Results: The pivots showed higher body mass, fat mass and fat mass percentage when compared to backs and wings, being pivots and backs the greater stature players of the team (p < 0.05). The pivots performance in T-Test was lower than backs. Correlations were found between high fat mass and low performance on T-test, squat jump, counter movement jump and standing broad jump, and between high fat mass percentage with low performance on T-test, squat jump, counter movement jump. Conclusion: Anthropometric characteristics and motor performance vary depending on playing positions. In addition, moderate correlations were found between high fat indexes and low performance on agility and vertical and horizontal jumping tests.Keywords: exercise, physical functional performance, velocity measurement.

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Lee, Grace, Tyler M. Moore, Mathias Basner, Jad Nasrini, David R. Roalf, Kosha Ruparel, Allison M. Port, David F. Dinges, and Ruben C. Gur. "Age, Sex, and Repeated Measures Effects on NASA’s “Cognition” Test Battery in STEM Educated Adults." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5485.2020.

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BACKGROUND: Cognition is a neurocognitive test battery created at the University of Pennsylvania and adapted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It comprises 10 neurocognitive tests that examine multiple domains, and has been validated in a normative sample of STEM-educated adults and compared to NASA’s WinSCAT battery.METHODS: The purpose of this study was to follow the original sample to assess Cognition and WinSCAT’s test-retest reliability and age, sex, and test-retest interval effects on performance.RESULTS: Performance on both Cognition and WinSCAT decreased with age but improved with repeated administration due to practice effects, and men had higher scores than women on tasks that required vigilant attention, spatial reasoning, and risk-taking behaviors. Assessment of test-retest reliability showed intraclass coefficients for efficiency ranging from 0.417 to 0.810, reflecting the broad nature of constructs assessed by Cognition.DISCUSSION: Results largely matched predictions, with some counter-intuitive results for test-retest reliability interval.Lee G, Moore TM, Basner M, Nasrini J, Roalf DR, Ruparel K, Port AM, Dinges DF, Gur RC. Age, sex, and repeated measures effects on NASA’s “Cognition” Test Battery in STEM educated adults. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):18–25.

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Kav, Harini. "Race, Battered Women, and the Criminal Justice System." Political Science Undergraduate Review 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2015): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur5.

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This paper looks at the criminal case of Deborah Peagler and the California habeas law and explores the effectiveness of legislative changes to domestic battery laws as a mechanism for change in the criminal justice system in regards to its treatment of domestic violence survivors accused of committing a crime against their abuser. It focuses on the androcentric and racialized nature of the criminal justice system and argues that while legislative changes brought about by social movements facilitate opportunities for women like Peagler to pursue just outcomes, they do not counter the gender biases prevalent in the justice system and, alone, are insufficient in improving the treatment of domestic violence survivors in the criminal justice system.

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Yudha, Cornelius Satria, Luthfi Mufidatul Hasanah, Soraya Ulfa Muzayanha, Hendri Widiyandari, and Agus Purwanto. "Synthesis and Characterization of Material LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Using One-Step Co-Precipitation Method for Li-Ion Batteries." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v4i3.29850.

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Li-ion battery is an energy storage device which could be applied as power source for electronic devices. The capacity of a battery is determined by the cathode material. Over this last decade, high nickel content cathode material is applied for electric vehicular technology. This study aims to synthesize a nickel-rich cathode material, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) via one-step co-precipitation and study its characteristics. The Ni, Co and Al metal ion conversion during co-precipitation were analyzed using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Based on X-Ray diffraction analysis, NCA sample exhibited hexagonal-layered structure with high crystallinity. Based on Scherrer equation, the mean crystallite diameter of NCA sample is 40 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed micron-sized homogenous particles with smooth surface. The final composition of Ni, Co and Al metal were confirmed using XRF. The capacity of the battery was determined using galvanostic test method with voltage range of 2.7-4.25 V using graphite as the counter anode. The initial specific discharge capacity of NCA is 60 mAh/g while the capacity loss per cycle is 1%.

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Roznyatovskaya, Nataliya, Jens Noack, Heiko Mild, Matthias Fühl, Peter Fischer, Karsten Pinkwart, Jens Tübke, and Maria Skyllas-Kazacos. "Vanadium Electrolyte for All-Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries: The Effect of the Counter Ion." Batteries 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010013.

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In this study, 1.6 M vanadium electrolytes in the oxidation forms V(III) and V(V) were prepared from V(IV) in sulfuric (4.7 M total sulphate), V(IV) in hydrochloric (6.1 M total chloride) acids, as well as from 1:1 mol mixture of V(III) and V(IV) (denoted as V3.5+) in hydrochloric (7.6 M total chloride) acid. These electrolyte solutions were investigated in terms of performance in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The half-wave potentials of the V(III)/V(II) and V(V)/V(IV) couples, determined by cyclic voltammetry, and the electronic spectra of V(III) and V(IV) electrolyte samples, are discussed to reveal the effect of electrolyte matrix on charge-discharge behavior of a 40 cm2 cell operated with 1.6 M V3.5+ electrolytes in sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Provided that the total vanadium concentration and the conductivity of electrolytes are comparable for both acids, respective energy efficiencies of 77% and 72–75% were attained at a current density of 50 mA∙cm−2. All electrolytes in the oxidation state V(V) were examined for chemical stability at room temperature and +45 °C by titrimetric determination of the molar ratio V(V):V(IV) and total vanadium concentration.

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Zhang, Changhuan, Liran Zhang, Nianwu Li, and Xiuqin Zhang. "Studies of FeSe2 Cathode Materials for Mg–Li Hybrid Batteries." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 4375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174375.

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Rechargeable magnesium (Mg)-based energy storage has attracted extensive attention in electrochemical storage systems with high theoretical energy densities. The Mg metal is earth-abundant and dendrite-free for the anode. However, there is a strong Coulombic interaction between Mg2+ and host materials that often inhibits solid-state diffusion, resulting in a large polarization and poor electrochemical performances. Herein, we develop a Mg–Li hybrid battery using a Mg-metal anode, an FeSe2 powder with uniform size and a morphology utilizing a simple solution-phase method as the counter electrode and all-phenyl-complex/tetrahydrofuran (APC)-LiCl dual-ion electrolyte. In the Li+-containing electrolyte, at a current density of 15 mA g−1, the Mg–Li hybrid battery (MLIB) delivered a satisfying initial discharge capacity of 525 mAh g−1. Moreover, the capacity was absent in the FeSe2|APC|Mg cell. The working mechanism proposed is the “Li+-only intercalation” at the FeSe2 and the “Mg2+ dissolved or deposited” at the Mg foil in the FeSe2|Mg2+/Li+|Mg cell. Furthermore, ex situ XRD was used to investigate the structural evolution in different charging and discharging states.

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Liu, B. Y., J. Lee, D. Y. Pui, K. Ahn, and S. Gilbert. "Performance of a Laboratory Clean Room." Journal of the IEST 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1987): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.30.5.twwl111g2473560r.

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The performance of a small, 52 square meter laboratory clean room at the University of Minnesota has been evaluated using a system of aerosol measuring and monitoring instruments. Aerosol in the ambient atmosphere and in the clean room has been measured simultaneously using a condensation nucleus counter and diffusion battery, a differential mobility particle sizer and two laser optical particle counters to provide concentration and size distribution data between 0.002 to 10 μm diameters. The diurnal variation of the condensation nuclei concentration in the clean room has been found to follow closely that in the ambient atmosphere. This suggests that particles in the CNC range measured in the clean room have their origin in the ambient atmosphere and that the clean room filter does not provide a perfect shield between indoor and outdoor air for these small particles. The ratio of clean room CMC to ambient CNC counts has been found to range from 7 × 10−7 when the ambient CNC count is low (1 × 105 per cc) to 2 × 10−7 when the ambient CNC count is high (1 × 106 per cc). This can be explained by the smaller size of the airborne particles in the ambient atmosphere under high concentration conditions and the greater efficiency of the HEPA filters for these particles.

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Jankovic, Marija, Dragana Todorovic, Zita Keleman, and Nada Miljevic. "The measurement of tritium in water samples with electrolytic enrichment using liquid scintillation counter." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 27, no. 3 (2012): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1203239j.

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Tritium (3H) present in the environment decreased in the last decades and nowadays it has low activity concentrations. Measurement of low-level tritium activities in natural waters, e. g. in precipitation, groundwater, and river water requires special techniques for water pretreatment and detection of low-level radioactivity. In order to increase the tritium concentration to an easily measurable level, electrolytic enrichment must be applied. This paper presents the enrichment method performed by electrolysis in a battery of 18 cells, giving an enrichment factor of 5.84 (calculated from 59 electrolyses). The calculated mean values of the separation factor and enrichment parameter were 4.10 and 0.84, respectively. Results for tritium activity in precipitation and surface water collected in Belgrade during 2008 and 2009 are presented. The Radiation and Environmental Protection Department of the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, participated in the IAEA TRIC2008 international intercomparison exercise. The participation in the intercomparisons for any laboratory doing low-level 3H measurements in the waters is very important and useful. It is considered the best way to check the entire procedure and methods of the measurements and the reliability of the standard used. The analysis of the reported 3H activity results showed that all results for five intercomparison samples, for which electrolytic enrichment were applied prior to the 3H measurement, are acceptable.

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Saito, Yosuke, Kentaro Iwata, Satoshi Uchida, Takaya Kubo, and Hiroshi Segawa. "Evaluation Methods of Energy-Storable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.507.

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Energy-storable dye-sensitized solar cell (ES-DSSC), which possesses a unique three-electrode system composed of a photoanode, a counter electrode and a charge-storage electrode, is a practical solar rechargeable battery. The ES-DSSC is able to yield output power even in the dark after photocharging and suppress the fluctuation of the output power under the capricious solar irradiation. In this study, the evaluation methods of the ES-DSSC performances were investigated toward their practical use under various illumination conditions. The ES-DSSCs were found to be able to work even under low light intensity. Unlike conventional DSSC array, the ES-DSSC array coupled in a series connection gave a stable output voltage when one of the cells or both cells were shadowed.

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Blue, Ben, Elena Vayndorf, and Matt Kaeberlein. "LONGEVITY OVER THE COUNTER: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF COMMON DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ON AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S102—S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.384.

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Abstract C. elegans has been a workhorse within the field of aging biology for several decades due to its short lifespan, easy culturing, and robust genetic tools. However, the limiting factor in using C. elegans has been that throughput was constrained by the time and effort needed to manually check the worms for signs of life during longitudinal studies. By using the WormBot, a robotic image capture platform, we are able to successfully screen a wide array of compounds for their effects upon C. elegans lifespan. A single WormBot can monitor 144 individual experiments simultaneously and allows for accurate time of death calls. Here we present data generated with the WormBot that includes a screen of compounds from a wide array of natural and synthetic products that are often available as over-the-counter supplements. In order to better examine the effects of these widely-used compounds upon the aging process and an age-associated disease we examined longevity in a wildtype strain of C. elegans as well as an engineered strain that expresses human Aβ protein in the body wall muscle. The age-related pathogenesis of the Aβ-expressing strain is a progressive paralysis that can be halted with treatment of known effectors of Alzheimer’s disease. As such, we screened our battery of compounds with this strain to determine which compounds have a significant affect on delaying Aβ-associated paralysis. Lastly, using the WormBot’s ability to capture video recording, we examine how each compound affects mobility as animals age.

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López-Plaza, Daniel, Fernando Alacid, José María Muyor, and Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro. "Differences in Anthropometry, Biological Age and Physical Fitness Between Young Elite Kayakers and Canoeists." Journal of Human Kinetics 57, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0059.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and physical characteristics of youth elite paddlers and to identify the differences between kayakers and canoeists. A total of 171 male paddlers (eighty-nine kayakers and eighty-two canoeists), aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. The participants completed basic anthropometric assessments (body mass, stretch stature, sitting height, body mass index, maturity level, sum of 6 skinfolds and fat mass percentage) as well as a battery of physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, counter movement jump, sit-and-reach and 20 m multi-stage shuttle run tests). The anthropometric results revealed a significantly larger body size (stretch stature and sitting height) and body mass in the kayakers (p < 0.01) as well as a more mature biological status (p = 0.003). The physical fitness level exhibited by the kayakers was likewise significantly greater than that of the canoeists, both in the counter movement jump and estimated VO2max (p < 0.05), as well as in the overhead medicine ball throw and sit-and-reach test (p < 0.01). These findings confirm the more robust and mature profile of youth kayakers that might be associated with the superior fitness level observed and the specific requirements of this sport discipline.

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Greco, Giuseppe, Alessandra Moncada, Carmelo Sunseri, and Rosalinda Inguanta. "Behavior Modification of Nanostructured PbO2 Electrodes in Lead Acid Batteries Changing Electrolyte Concentration and Separator." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 7398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16603.

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Currently, lead acid battery is extensively investigated owing to its prevalent use as a startinglighting and ignition device. An essential role for electrochemical reactions is played by the surface area available for conversion reactions and a possible approach is the use of nanostructured electrodes. In this work, lead dioxide nanostructured electrodes were tested in order to investigate the dependence of the charge and discharge behaviour on some parameters such as electrolyte concentration, and a new type of thin separator. In this last case, it is possible to reduce the size of the cell by using a very thin separator comparable to the nanostructured electrode thickness. Besides, a low concentration of electrolyte was also tested for studying its influence on the performance of a nanostructured electrode. Lead dioxide electrodes were cycled at 1C-rate and discharged to a cutoff voltage of 1.2 V up to 90% of the gravimetric capacity. Electrodes were assembled in a zero gap configuration using a commercial negative plate as counter-electrode with a large excess of active mass in comparison to the nanostructured one. Tests were conducted in very stressful conditions, in order to compare the behaviour of this new type of battery with that of the commercial one.

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Papageorgiou, Andriani, Peter Bright, Eva Periche Tomas, and Roberto Filippi. "Evidence against a cognitive advantage in the older bilingual population." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 1354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818796475.

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Recent evidence has challenged long-standing claims that multi-language acquisition confers long-term advantages in executive function and may protect against age-related cognitive deterioration. We assessed evidence for a bilingual advantage in older monolingual and bilingual residents matched on age, gender, and socioeconomic status. A comprehensive battery of tests was administered to measure non-verbal reasoning, working memory capacity, visuo-spatial memory, response inhibition, problem solving, and language proficiency. Analyses, including Bayes factors, revealed comparable performance in both groups, with no significant differences on any task (and the only trend, found for the Tower of London task performance, indicated a monolingual advantage). Overall, therefore, our findings run counter to the bilingual advantage hypothesis. We consider the implications of our study and offer suggestions for future work in this area.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Counter Battery'

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