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Journal articles on the topic 'Councils'
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1
Adam, Julian B. "Voluntary Quits: Do Works Councils Matter? An Analysis of the Reform of the German Works Constitution Act 2001." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 239, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 67–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0164.
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Abstract Most of the literature on the effects of German works councils does not deal with the issue of potential endogeneity of works council existence. Exploiting exogenous variation in works council authority stemming from a 2001 reform of the German Works Constitution Act, I apply a regression difference-in-difference using establishment panel data. I find that increasing works council size and the introduction of one full-time councilor causally reduces the number of voluntary quits by about 30 %. This decline is driven entirely by collective voice effects and there is no evidence for monopoly effects in place. Similar to the findings of previous research, the effect is significant only in establishments which are subject to a collective agreement. The results suggest that the effectiveness of works councils either heavily relies on the support of unions, or that works councils mainly serve as a guardian of collective agreements.
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Lee, Seungchal. "Consideration on the Direction of Enactment of the Local Council Act." J-Institute 8 (August 31, 2023): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/regulations.2023.8.10.
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Purpose: Local autonomy was revived in 1991, and 30 years later, local councils have made a lot of progress. However, local residents' trust in local councils is not at a satisfactory level. In particular, on January 13, 2022, the entire「Local Autonomy Act」was amended to strengthen the autonomy of residents and local governments, and to secure transparency and accountability. It can be said that it is necessary to enact a local council law that can increase.
Method: Comparison and analysis of the 'Local Council Act' proposed by Jeon Hyun-hee, former member of the 20th National Assembly in February 2018 and Lee Hae-sik, a member of the National Assembly in November 2020, which is the most representative proposal among local council laws, and refer to the Local Autonomy Act and the National Assembly Act to determine the direction of local assembly law wanted to make a suggestion.
Results: The role of local councils is becoming more important to respond to the changing social structure and solve local problems. Therefore, it is necessary to activate local legislative activities to fulfill practical authority and roles. In other words, the direction of enactment of the Local Council Act should ensure the autonomy of the local council while at the same time strengthening its responsibility(professionalism). Therefore, it is required to secure transparency and reliability in the legislative activities of local councils and local councilors in parallel with the expansion of the authority of local councils.
Conclusion: As matters to be considered in enacting the Local Assembly Act, first, the practical benefits of enacting the Local Assembly Act should be fully considered. If the authority and independence of the local council can be strengthened and established by supplementing the current Local Autonomy Act, the need for enactment of the Local Council Act is low. Second, the direction of strengthening the responsibility and autonomy of local councils so that the enactment of the Local Council Act can solve problems in the local community with the strengthened authority and status of the local council, improve the quality of life of local residents, and activate grassroots democracy. should be enacted as.
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E., Agiri, and Morka B.C. "Local Government Caretaker Committees in Nigeria and their Effects on Socio-Economic Development." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 5, no. 5 (November 1, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-vta3tcpd.
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The state governors in Nigeria have manipulated the local government councils in Nigeria to the extent that they appoint their cronies and loyalists as caretaker committee chairmen without regard to the constitutional provisions for democratically elected council chairmen. In all cases, the choice of their appointees is not always the choice and wishes of the local people and the masses at the grassroot always rejected them. The most fundamental problem inherent in caretaker committees of local government council is that caretaker committees are conduit pipes for corruption by the state governors to siphon off local government councils’ finances. The state governors solely or in tandem with their party leaders handpick few individuals viewed as core loyalists to the governors. Local government councils ought to be managed by democratically elected individuals and not the state governors appointing their cronies and loyalists as caretaker committees’ chairmen without regard to the constitutional provisions for democratically elected local government council’s chairmen. Presently in Nigeria, the state governors are truncating the tenure of the democratically elected council officials and replacing them with members of the ruling political party in the state as caretaker committee. We perused at the constitutional provisions for local government councils through the Democratic Participatory Theory. This paper studied carefully the reasons for state governors in Nigeria setting up caretaker committees and the impact of these committees on local government councils in the country. Based on the conducts of the state governors, it was recommended that state governors who fail, neglect and refuse to conduct free and fair elections for local government councils in a state should be prosecuted after their tenures and if found guilty be given maximum capital punishment. This would serve as a deterrent to others in the future, among others.
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Matveeva, Е., and Е. Panichkina. "EXERCISING PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE ACTIVITIES OF REGIONAL PUBLIC COUNCILS IN KUZBASS." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 2 (2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-2-46-55.
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T^e subject matter of the paper is the consideration of the public control forms through the information content of the official websites of public council acting at the regional authorities of the Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass. The purpose of the study is to identify the main forms of public control through the system of information content of official websites in the activities of public councils at the regional authorities of the Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass. The methodology of the study was based on two groups of methods and methodological approaches. The theoretical approaches of the study were the structural-functional approach of T. Parsons and the legal and regulatory approach. The empirical part of the study included the results of processing quantitative and qualitative data from public council websites using the content analysis method. Most of the pervious researches on the issue review features and prospects of the public councils1 activities at the federal level, or the dynamics of the public councils1 development under regional authorities. In the conducted study the activities of 40 public councils operating as of January 1,2022 have been analyzed. The authors have analyzed the minutes of meetings for the period of 2019-2021 as the main source of information. The study focuses on the issues characterizing the work of public councils - the topics of the meetings, social and occupational features of the councils1 staff, which ultimately has made it possible to assess the forms of exercising public control over the authorities. It is observed that such studies are aimed at solving the problem of systematizing data on the activities of regional public councils with subsequent informing the regional authorities. The study has noted a positive trend in the content of public council websites. The significant problems identified include a low level of exercising the function of public control in the work of social activists and the use of a limited number of forms of public control
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Winter, Paul A., John L. Keedy, and Rose Mary Newton. "Teachers Serving on School Decision-Making Councils: Predictors of Teacher Attraction to the Job." Journal of School Leadership 10, no. 3 (May 2000): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268460001000303.
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School reformers maintain that teacher service on school councils contributes to improved school decision making. There is, however, little empirical evidence that teachers are attracted to serving on school councils. In this study, randomly selected teachers (N = 318) from a reform state rated validated job descriptions for school council vacancies. Teachers with greater numbers of dependent children and prior school council experience rated school council positions more negatively than did teachers with fewer dependent children and no experience on school councils. Regression analysis revealed number of dependent children and school council experience explained 6.8% of the variance in teacher rating of a school council position. Results have implications for teacher attraction to school councils.
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Makulbayeva, G. A., Zh Zh Davletbayeva, M. M. Dyussenov, and Zh Amangeldy. "Performance of regional public council in Kazakhstan." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PEDAGOGY. PSYCHOLOGY. SOCIOLOGY Series 146, no. 1 (2024): 450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6895-2024-146-1-450-460.
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Public councils of Kazakhstan create an institutional framework for involving the public in the decision-making process within the framework of the “Hearing State” concept. This article examines the activities of regional public councils and the features of interaction of this advisory body with state and quasi-state bodies. This article reveals the main features of the international public councils. It also discusses the solution of social problems by public councils of Kazakhstan and based on in-depth interviews with members of oblast councils, the article demonstrates the main factors contributing to the solution of social problems by council members. These factors include the availability of financial and human resources, the competence of council members, the role of the akimat and maslikhat, as well as the role of individuals, such as chairmen and members who entered the council with a specific agenda. Based on findings, the authors of the article offer recommendations for improving the material and resource provision of councils and providing quotas for attracting experts and researchers from regional universities and research centers to increase the potential of regional councils.
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Choi, Keun-Youl. "Actual Situation Analysis and Development Plan of Local Council Budget Deliberation: Case of Sangju City Council." National Association of Korean Local Government Studies 25, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.38134/klgr.2023.25.1.095.
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Studies related to the budget deliberation of local councils in Korea have been discussed in earnest since the local council was revived in 1991. The purpose of this study is to present a plan for development by analyzing the actual state of budget deliberation by local councils, taking the case of the Sangju City Council as a case study. The analysis of the actual situation of budget deliberation was divided into the role aspect of members constituting the local council and the aspect of the budget deliberation system, and each was conducted according to several criteria. This analysis was conducted mainly on minutes and white papers related to the 8th budget deliberation of the Sangju City Council. Measures to develop budget deliberation by local councils include active use of basic strategies for budget deliberation and objective deliberation criteria, efficiency in operation of the standing committee and special committee on budget settlement, extension of budget deliberation period and time, reduction in the number of additional revised budgets and substantiality of deliberation, The Ministry of Public Administration and Security proposed improvements in budget planning and operation standards for local governments, establishment of a specialized organization to support budget deliberation activities, and enhancement of the ability of local councilors and expert committee members to review budgets and accounts.
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Busana, Juliano de Amorim, Ivonete Teresinha Schulter Buss Heidemann, and Águeda Lenita Pereira Wendhausen. "Popular participation in a local health council: limits and potentials." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 2 (June 2015): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015000702014.
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This qualitative study aimed to analyze the potential and limits of popular participation in local health councils through Paulo Freire's research itinerary. Eleven members of a local health council of a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina participated in this study. There were five culture circles and research revealed six themes: possibilities for the practice of citizenship; establishment of an educational space; intention to make decisions that represent the collective; lack of knowledge regarding the council's responsibilities; lack of community participation; and discredit. Results point to the need to understand the roles of the counselors and of the local health councils to strengthen actions of health promotion. Based on ideas and exchanges of experiences among the council participants, we noticed the creation of dialog zones and the understanding of the exercise of power, which strengthened dialog in these public spaces.
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Vukojičić Tomić, Tijana. "Vijeća nacionalnih manjina u Hrvatskoj kao oblik neteritorijalne autonomije – između sna i jave." Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 39, no. 2 (2023): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.39.2.1.
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This paper deals with the role of national minority councils through the prism of the concept of non-territorial autonomy. These councils were established as institutes for minority representation, aiming to strengthen the influence of national minorities on local and regional politics in the part related to their position. Similar forms of minority representation are established in most European countries and are often analysed within the concepts and distinction of non-territorial autonomy and territorial autonomy. As will be shown in the paper, territorial autonomy presupposes a much higher degree of autonomy for minority institutions in deciding on issues important for national minorities. It is more suitable for countries where these minorities reside in certain parts of the national territory. In practice, we often encounter minority political institutions that have features of non-territorial autonomy. These institutions can assume various forms and achieve different degrees of autonomy in deciding on local policies and affairs of interest to minority groups. Although councils of national minorities possess substantial democratisation potential and can significantly contribute to the position of national minorities, previous research does not support this claim. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) to determine whether national minority councils constitute an institutional form of non-territorial autonomy and (ii) to assess their actual role in promoting and protecting the interests of national minorities within local political processes. In order to examine this, the paper employs legal analysis, a review of secondary data available in scientific and professional literature, and a direct analysis of available data on the financing of national minority councils and voter participation in elections for these councils. The role of national minority councils is analysed in four aspects: the legal basis of non-territorial autonomy, the right to self-regulation, the right to establish own decision-making bodies and their scope of work, and their financing. In addition, the voter response to council elections is analysed as a possible indicator of the legitimacy of directly elected bodies. With regard to the legal basis of their establishment, it can be concluded that they enjoy the highest level of protection, having been established by constitutional law, which, due to the adoption procedure, holds a position between the Constitution and other organic laws. Furthermore, the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia guarantees members of national minorities the right to cultural autonomy, and the councils are an expression of the explicitly recognised collective rights of national minorities. They were established as a collective entity with legal personality. The legislator intended to establish councils as “minority self-government” institutions in local and regional self-government units. However, many authors state that, for a number of reasons, councils cannot be characterised as such. This brings us to their real role, manifested in the right of councils to self-regulation, self-organisation and the establishment of their own decision-making bodies as essential determinants of non-territorial autonomy. The councils adopt various acts, including a statute regulating important aspects of their operation, a work programme, a financial plan, a final account, and other internal acts governing matters crucial to their functioning. They also have their own decision-making bodies, primarily the president and deputy president of the council, and have the authority to establish other working bodies. However, the council’s powers are regulated by constitutional law and are reduced to a solely consultative role. Therefore, the question arises as to their actual influence in shaping political decisions related to the interests of national minorities, as they depend on the cooperation and will of local political actors in this regard. Another problem is the limited financial and administrative resources available for their functioning. The political legitimacy of the council, gained through minority electorate participation in elections, is also questionable, given the extremely low voter turnout across all election cycles. This is also an indicator of the council’s non-recognition as a relevant entity in protecting the rights of national minorities at the local level. To conduct a deeper analysis of the actual role of national minority councils and verify their influence in individual local communities, empirical research is necessary. The paper concludes that, although councils have a high level of legal protection, political legitimacy, internal bodies, and institutional experience, they are confined to a consultative role and lack significant influence over local political processes important for national minorities.
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Growe, Anna, and Marilu Jemming. "Regional Councils in a Global Context: Council Types and Council Elements." Urban Science 3, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3010022.
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Propelled by the increasing global competition for location qualities and production factors of (economic) regions in the age of globalization, regional councils have been introduced on sub-national levels in a number of countries. However, the conditions to develop and to govern these regional spaces vary massively in global comparison. Based on three types of elements for the well-functioning of regional councils, in this study, ten regional councils across the globe have been analysed and compared by carrying out qualitative web researches and expert’s interviews. Results show that although huge differences between the political organizations in the globally selected case studies exist, two main forms and two sub-types of councils—with a specific functional orientation—can be identified. The aim of the paper is to provide an analytical framework that can be used in analysing regional councils or in processes to develop regional councils further.
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Lewis, Barbara. "Success of Patient and Family Advisory Councils: The Importance of Metrics." Journal of Patient Experience 10 (January 2023): 237437352311679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735231167972.
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Hospital Patient and Family Advisory Councils have been around for over 40 years. Yet, their adoption is waning with only slightly more than 50% of hospitals fielding Councils, which are composed of patient and family volunteers, who provide feedback to hospital staff. Demonstrating the value of Councils is critically important to their success and sustainability. Hospitals can ensure Council success by adopting these initiatives: (1) Highlight the importance of measuring program impacts to Council liaisons and members, (2) Educate members and staff about the three types of impacts defined by the Agency for Healthcare Research Quality, (3) Describe the steps to ensure that the value of the Council is well documented, and (4) Provide tools and training for the Council and staff to conduct robust measurements and analysis. When Councils measure their impact, their value to hospitals and leadership will increase.
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Gaia, Silvia, and Michael John Jones. "Biodiversity reporting for governmental organisations." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 1 (September 13, 2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2018-3472.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current nature and content of biodiversity reporting practices adopted by English local councils. By adopting a multi-theoretical framework that relies on economic and social theories such as agency, stakeholder, legitimacy and institutional theories, this study also aims to investigate the factors that explain the extent of biodiversity disclosure provided by local councils. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a self-constructed disclosure index to analyse the biodiversity-related information published in the official websites of 351 English local councils. A multivariate analysis was conducted to analyse the association between local councils’ characteristics and biodiversity disclosure. Findings This study shows that the information disclosed on local biodiversity is limited and does not allow the interested stakeholders to get a comprehensive picture of the current status of local biodiversity. It also provides evidence that the level of biodiversity disclosure is significantly associated with the level of local council’s population, the presence of councillors from environmentally oriented parties and environmental non-governmental organisations operating in the local council area, poor biodiversity management practices and local councils’ visibility. Originality/value This study is one of the few accounting studies that provides a comprehensive analysis of biodiversity disclosure by analysing its nature and content and investigating the factors associated with such disclosure. It extends agency, stakeholder, institutional and legitimacy theories, by showing that local councils use voluntary disclosures to satisfy the informational needs of the main stakeholders and to assure that their strategies and practices conform to the values and expectations of the community they represent.
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Kanninen, Taina Hannele, Arja Häggman-Laitila, Tarja Tervo-Heikkinen, and Tarja Kvist. "Nursing shared governance at hospitals – it’s Finnish future?" Leadership in Health Services 32, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-10-2018-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe council structure, its benefits, supportive and obstructive factors and developmental needs as a part of shared governance in a university hospital. Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive study, where semi-structured interviews with 12 nurses was conducted in 2014 and documents from 75 council meetings from 2009 to 2014 were gathered and analyzed. Qualitative content analysis method was used on the data. Findings The study hospital has been developing nursing shared governance with unique structure and processes of councils. Professors and university researchers act as chair and members are voluntary nursing staff. The factors supporting the councils are nurse managers’ support, enthusiastic personnel and neighboring university. The factors obstructing the councils are lack of time, understanding and skills. The work of the councils benefits the organization by improving patient care, harmonizing nursing practices and informing decision-making. The council’s developmental needs were more visibility, concentration into everyday problems and interprofessionality. Research limitations/implications Applying nursing shared governance structures into an organization improves the professional practice environment of nursing personnel. Practical implications The study hospital has its own, unique council structure. It did not cover the whole hospital or all of the nursing personnel, but it is already producing promising results. It should be given an official status and more support from nurse managers, and it should be developed into an inter-professional discussion. The results presented here indicate that shared governance, even, in its early stage, contributes positively to the quality of care, harmonizes nursing practices and informs decision-making. Applying shared governance structures into an organization improves the professional practice environment of nursing personnel. The study showed concrete supporting and obstructing factors that should be notified in nursing leadership. Originality/value Despite the extensive empirical studies on nursing shared governance, there is very little research on councils in the Scandinavian countries.
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Leonov, Dmitry. "Deanery council in the Russian Orthodox Church at the beginning of the 20th century (materials from Yaroslavl diocese)." St.Tikhons' University Review 105 (April 29, 2022): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.97-110.
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The article is devoted to study of deanery councils in Yaroslavl diocese of Russian Orthodox Church at the beginning of XX-th century. The author reveales the date of establishment of deanery councils (October 19, 1903) and analyzes the "Rules for Deanery Councils in the Yaroslavl Diocese". Special attention is paid to the changes of the regulatory framework of Deanery Councils and Deanery meetings during the period since 1903 to 1916. The article also explores the main directions of activity of Deanery Councils. The Deanery Council was a church governing body created to help the Dean. As a rule, the council consisted of a dean appointed by the diocesan leadership, and two members. The members of the council were elected at deanery meetings. On the scale of the entire Russian Church, Deanery Councils were established by the Local Council of 1917-1918, but in a number of dioceses they were created earlier. The clerical documents of the deanery councils of the Yaroslavl diocese have not been introduced into scientific circulation. Together with the reports of the deans, the journals of the meetings of the Yaroslavl general diocesan congresses of the clergy, materials from periodicals, these documents allow us to characterize the deanery councils as self-governing bodies of the clergy, which played a prominent role in the system of administration of the diocese. At their core, the Deanery Councils were the magistrates' courts for the clergy. They dealt with minor disciplinary offenses of clergy members, as well as civil disputes. The surviving documents make it possible to compose a picture of the most frequent offenses and disputes in the church environment. The documents also allow making a conclusion about dificult relationship between priests and the lower clergy - psalmists and deacons. In 1903-1916 the role of the lower clergy was increased in the activities of deanery councils and meetings. Since 1910 the psalmists and deacons had the voting right at deanery meetings. Archbishop Tikhon (Belavin) agreed at 1912 with the decision of the general diocesan congress of clergy: deacons and psalmists were included to the deanery councils.
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Solomon, Peter H. "Transparency in the Work of Judicial Councils: The Experience of (East) European Countries." Review of Central and East European Law 43, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04301003.
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In many countries of Europe, including especially its Eastern part, in the 21st century judicial councils have replaced ministries of justice as the bodies that manage judicial careers and govern the judiciary. This model may enhance the autonomy of the judicial branch but also weaken its accountability and lead to judicial corporatism. One way to counter the negative trends is to enhance public accountability of judicial councils, by making the work of councils is open and visible. Not surprisingly, judicial reformers have made transparency into a key criterion for a successful judicial council, leading many countries to promote transparency in their judicial councils. This article evaluates this trend−by (1) providing cases studies of four judicial councils, those of Italy, Poland, Moldova, and Latvia; and (2) comparing the work of empowered judicial councils throughout Europe with regard to the openness of judicial disciplinary hearings and public sessions of judicial councils themselves. On this basis I argue that while legal requirements for transparency are becoming the norm, they do not necessarily make the work of judicial councils open, let alone produce public accountability. This outcome requires as well a genuine commitment of council members and staff to transparency arrangements, the cessation of resistance to such arrangements, and the provision of money and staff to support them.
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k, Kazunori Kawamura, and Hiroaki Ito k. "The Corona19 Pandemic and the Digitalization of Local Councils in Japan." Center for Civic Politics Research 6 (June 30, 2023): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54968/civicpol.2023.6.157.
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This paper reviews the measures taken by Japanese municipal councils in response to the corona pandemic. The results of our survey of municipal councilors confirm that many of them consider the use of digital technology in local councils to be important. Although there is a majority of councilors in Japan who utilize digital technology, the puzzle is that local councils have not yet been digitized. Lack of financial resources for local governments and the local autonomy system, in which the chief executive is a strong leader, have hindered the digitization of local assemblies. The digitization of Japan's municipal councils is still in the first and second stages. On the other hand, the development stage of local councils in Korea is beyond that. We believe that the difference in the history of local councils between Japan and Korea and the difference in the perception of reforms are influencing the development of local councils.
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Oti, P. A., and J. I. Otalor. "Transparency and Accountability in Nigeria's Public Sector: Local Government Fiscal Autonomy in Focus." Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (June 18, 2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/gijmss.v7i1.01.
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The study examines how local government fiscal autonomy can promote transparency and accountability in Nigeria’s public sector. Personal interview and survey research methods were adopted in the study and structured questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 132 local council administrators comprising Treasurers, Heads of Accounts, Budgets and Audit of the local government councils in the eleven states in the South-South and South-East Nigeria. A semi-structured interview was employed to guide the interview section. The study finds that there is a semblance of accountability in the management of local government council funds, but the transparency of the local councils is in doubt because fiscal information is not readily available. Most of the local councils do not have a functional website. A major limitation of this study is the unwillingness of respondents to divulge information on local council funds. To overcome this challenge, the research instrument was designed to make respondents give an estimate of the amount received. The study result shows that the fiscal autonomy of local councils is important for the development of the country and reinforces the need to grant local government councils fiscal autonomy to ensure effective development and bring governance closer to the people. The study findings show that granting autonomy to local councils in Nigeria will enhance the council area's development for the citizens' overall benefit. Based on the findings, the study recommends that federal and state governments in Nigeria should rethink the fiscal autonomy of local government councils and take necessary steps to restore the fiscal autonomy of the third tier of government to address the problems of developmental deficits ravaging the nation.
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Petek, Nina, and Jan Ciglenečki. "Prvi koncili u kršćanstvu i budizmu Strukturne analogije i povijesne sličnosti." Obnovljeni život 74, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31337/oz.74.1.2.
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It is well known that the ecumenical councils convening throughout the history of the Church — the Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., the Council of Constantinople in 381 A.D., the Council of Ephesus in 431 A.D. and the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D.— were of great import. It is much less known, however, that centuries before the first Christian councils, a similar process was taking place in ancient India. At the Councils of Rajagrha in 486 B.C., Vaishali in 386 B.C., Pataliputra in 250 B.C., Sri Lanka in 29 B.C. and Kashmir in 72 A.D., Buddhist monks resolved to set forth dogmas, to put them in writing and to draw the line between orthodox and false doctrines. Generally speaking, the first councils, both in the West and in the East, were convened due to the need to preserve original doctrines. In addition, original teachings had to be canonised and systematised. Also, the process of including religious doctrines into imperial politics is characteristic of two royal personages, namely, the Indian king Aśoka and the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Both were actively involved in the councils of their day and contributed decisively to the further development and consolidation of both Buddhism and Christianity respectively.
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Nabijonov, Islomjon. "THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC COUNCILS ON THE PROCESS OF RULEMAKING." Review of Law Sciences 6, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2022.6.2./gbyy2305.
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The article analyzes the role of public councils in the rulemaking process. Additionally, the composition and functions of the Public Council have been studied. In this process, the extent to which they are affected is shown. The composition and functions of the Public Council and their role in the Council have been studied and provided with practical examples. The role of public councils in increasing the effectiveness of lawmaking and the importance of taking the suggestions made by them into account have been studied. The scientific works of national and foreign scientists have been studied and quoted. In addition, the article is written based on practical experience, and the activities of the relevant ministries, committees and public councils under the agency are identified. The survey data on the presence of public councils are given. Based on the research results, proposals and recommendations for the improvement of legislation are developed.
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Jung, Sung Eun. "An Analysis of Public Diplomacy in Local Councils." Center for Civic Politics Research 4 (June 30, 2022): 61–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54968/civicpol.2022.4.61.
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The purpose of this study is to seek practical and effective policy measures to revitalize public diplomacy in local councils by closely examining the current situation of public diplomacy in local councils from various angles and aspects. To this end. the public diplomatic environment of local councils was analyzed through news big data analysis, and the objective reality of 17 metropolitan councils was analyzed how local councils responded and changed after the enactment of the Public Diplomatic Act. In particular. by analyzing the diplomatic activities of the Busan Metropolitan Council for 14 years efforts were made to identify the problems and limitations that appear in actual operation. The effect of the Public Diplomatic Act should be able to spread beyond the diplomatic administration of local governments. To do this. various institutional supplements are needed to secure transparency and accountability in the operation of public diplomatic activities by reorganizing the legal basis at the local council level and to strengthen public diplomatic capabilities.
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Alkohaiz, Mohammed Abdurahman, and Haifa Abdulrahman Bin Shalhoub. "Structuring Youth Councils in Saudi Arabia: A Forecast Study." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0009.
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Youth is one of the most substantial pillars of community development. The study investigates the optimal structure of youth councils in Saudi Arabia. And it establishes the necessary regulations by setting targets, tasks, conditions of membership, and developing a unified proposal for these councils. The primary study tool was a questionnaire developed by researchers were used to assess the studied parameters. They were distributed to (413) young men at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aged (18-34) years. According to the analytical approach, it is a forecast study. The study results showed that the optimal structure of these councils' includes: First, the prince of the region or the governor as a president. Second, the rector as a vice-president. Finally, the commission is equally male and female. While the council objectives: First, take advantage of youth proposals, capacities, and intellectual property. Secondly, youth participation in the discussion, determination of their requirements, and decision-making. Also, it identified a set of tasks: Encouraging creative and talented youth to achieve national accomplishment and motivating them to take on their responsibilities in serving their community. As for the terms of the Council's membership, members must be between 18 and 30 years, and the name of the office shall be two years and nominated by government educational bodies.There should be a responsible body for structuring youth councils regions, increasing youth councils, and meetings between them in a periodic manner among different countries to exchange experiences and improve performance.
Received: 27 October 2020 / Accepted: 10 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
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Mkiramweni, Tabitha E., Given Msomba, and Sosthenes Ruheza. "Village Council Transparency Roles and Community-driven Project Management: A Case of Mlimba District Council, Morogoro Region, Tanzania." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 49, no. 3 (November 2, 2023): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2023/v49i31140.
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This study examined village councils' transparency in managing Community-Driven Projects (CDPs) in Mlimba District Council, Morogoro Region, Tanzania. For project success, Community-Driven Development (CDD) strategies emphasize community engagement and local autonomy. CDP management relies on village councils to involve community members in decision-making to match projects with local priorities. This qualitative case study collected data from 24 purposively selected respondents of Chita and Ikule villages through interviews with village leaders and focused group discussions with village council members. The data were analyzed through a thematic analysis of how the village council practices transparency in CDP management. The study found that community meetings, notice boards, public speakers, and structured documentation increase transparency. Regular audits and project document accessibility ensure financial integrity. For CDPs to succeed, diverse communication, transparency, and community involvement were crucial. The study emphasizes CDP management transparency and inclusivity by highlighting diverse communication strategies to address local challenges. It is recommended that village councils maintain and continue to implement current transparency measures while enhancing and broadening their communication strategies. This may entail leveraging social media and digital platforms to effectively engage a wider audience, particularly the younger demographic. It is recommended that village council members undergo regular communication and community engagement training in order to enhance their current capabilities. Establishing a sub-committee within the village council's team that is specifically focused on enhancing transparency and communication strategies has the potential to enhance these endeavours. Communication strategies should be studied for their long-term effects on community engagement and project outcomes. Studies on how cultural and social dynamics affect communication in diverse communities could help tailor strategies to specific contexts.
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Afangide, Nsentip George, Uduot A. Iwok, and Daniel Calixtus Akarika. "Communication Strategies and Organizational Harmony in Local Government Councils in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies 9, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijirmmcs.15/vol9n35270.
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This study examined communication strategies and organizational harmony in local government councils in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to find out the communication strategies employed by the leadership of local government Councils in Akwa Ibom State, find out the rationale for the use of such communication strategies, determine if the communication strategies used by the leadership of local government councils in Akwa Ibom State do enhance organisational harmony, determine communication strategies preferred by the majority stakeholders in the local government councils studied, find out other factors that engender organisational harmony in the local government councils studied. The research design adopted for the study was survey, with questionnaire and interview schedule as research instruments. The population of the study were staff in Uyo, Eket and Ikot Ekpene local government councils in Akwa Ibom State is 1,374. A sample size of 286 was drawn for the study using the Taro Yamane formula. The study which anchored on System theory and the Interactional theory revealed that majority of the respondents in the council studied affirmed that sporting activities contributed to harmony in the council. Also, the study revealed that across the local government councils studied that religious activities similarly led to organisational harmony, the study found out that the leadership of the local government councils in Akwa Ibom State represented by Uyo, Eket and Ikot Ekpene utilised memo, letter, meeting, telephone, seminar and worship (solemn assembly) as a means of reaching out to their employees. Email was not used at all. It was recommended that local government councils should endeavour regularly to carry out communication audit to evaluate their performances. This should prove invaluable in helping them decide necessary changes that they need to make to ensure smooth running of the councils, the leadership of the local government councils need to incorporate the use of email for exchange of messages across the councils, telephone is an important tool that the councils use effectively in communication with subordinates. The principal officers and supervisors need to improve on their telephone etiquette, particularly in the use of language and tone during conversations. The impact of telephone in engendering interaction and relationships are overwhelming and should be embraced by the councils.
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Buck, Douglas. "Confronting Cutbacks: 2 / Federal Advocacy for Theatre." Canadian Theatre Review 44 (September 1985): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.44.002.
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Funding levels and loss of arts councils’ autonomy have been issues of concern in recent years. Government grants to the Canada Council were lower than the rate of inflation from 1975 to 1984; in late 1984, $3.5 million was cut from the Council’s budget by the new government. This accelerated the Council’s declining financial position. Between March 1979 and March 1981 the Council had to adopt policies distasteful to itself and to the theatre community: no new theatre companies could be taken on as clients for operating grants, for example. It is interesting to note that between 1976 and 1984, the membership of the Professional Association of Canadian Theatres increased from 33 members to 83.
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Gorbunov, A. G. "Composition of the regional Councils of the Middle Volga regions (1947–1953)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 28, no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2022-28-2-54-59.
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The article analyzes the compositions of the Kuibyshev and Ulyanovsk regional Councils of Workers Deputies of the post-war period of the IIIV convocations using the prosopographic method. The analysis of the composition of regional Councils was carried out on six grounds (age, educational, party, gender, national and a sign distinguishing deputies of regional councils by social status). The article attempts to show the dynamics of improving the educational level of deputies of regional councils of the IIIV convocations. On the example of the Ulyanovsk Regional Council, a gradual reduction of deputies of Russian nationality in the composition of the regional Council was established, but this category of deputies still maintained its overwhelming presence in this authority. In the course of the study, the number of women deputies in percentage terms in the composition of regional Councils was established. The number of non-party deputies is shown and their percentage of the total number of deputies is calculated. It should be noted that the number of non-party deputies, as well as women deputies in the regional Councils of Workers Deputies was controlled by local party committees. The study of regional Councils revealed a tendency to increase the number of employees among the deputies of regional Councils, and at the same time there is a decrease in the number of deputies who are workers and peasants by their social status. The article attempts to study the age composition of regional councils and as a result of the study the most representative group of deputies was determined. The article defines the number of deputies who have honorary titles, insignia and awards of the Soviet state. Based on the reports of the mandate commission and our analysis, a collective portrait of the deputies of the regional Councils of the Middle Volga regions in the first three post-war convocations was compiled.
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Mcfarland, Daniel A., and Carlos Starmanns. "Inside Student Government: The Variable Quality of High School Student Councils." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 111, no. 1 (January 2009): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100106.
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Background/Context Student governments are the first direct experience that youth have of representative government. However, very little research has been done on student councils in spite of their ubiquity in American high schools and consistent references to their positive effects on the political socialization of youth. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This article studies how student councils are variably organized across the nation to determine how and why better or worse quality experiences of representative government are being had by youth just before they enter adulthood and have the opportunity to be engaged in the nation's political system. Research Design The authors conducted interviews with student council sponsors, collected a nationally representative sample of student council constitutions, and then looked at the variance in student powers and faculty controls over council endeavors. Conclusions/Recommendations The study finds that student councils are variably organized by school charters and by income levels and race of student populations. Elite public schools afford councils unprecedented powers and low faculty oversight, whereas impoverished schools and those with disadvantaged minorities tend to lack councils or merely have ones that perform social functions. By contrast, private religious schools have the most active councils engaged in a wide range of activities, but their decisions and memberships are constrained by a great deal of faculty oversight. Such variation in representative government has implications for political socialization and the types of citizens being developed in the United States.
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Washburn, Christian D. "Conciliar Infallibility and Error in the Thomistic Ecclesiology of St. Robert Bellarmine, S.J." Journal of Early Modern Christianity 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2021-2014.
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Abstract In the sixteenth century, St. Robert Bellarmine (1542–1621) in his Disputationes de controversiis Christianae fidei adversus huius temporis haereticos defended the authority of the conciliar magisterium. Bellarmine, like other sixteenth-century Thomists, held that there were conditions under which God necessarily protects a general council from teaching error, but he did not deny that councils can and have erred. This article explains Bellarmine’s classification of the different types of councils. It also examines the conditions under which he believes that God necessarily protects a council from teaching error. It then discusses Bellarmine’s teaching on what kinds of councils can err and under what conditions a council can do so. Finally, the article will discuss his historical examination of various alleged conciliar errors.
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Zhong, Jing, Chengyuan Yang, Wanying Sun, Liz (Yilin) Lyu, and Yuanshu Huang. "How Should the United Nations Security Council Respond to Changing Balance of Power?" Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/20220149.
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Together with the United Nations achievements comes constant criticism. The Security Council, as one of the core organs of the UN, has been a center of contention. The lack of practical responses to the Ukraine crisis since 2014 invokes another round of skepticism about the Councils functionality and demand for reform. This paper does not consider the current dilemma exceptional. In contrast, this is merely another example that illustrates the Councils increasing incapability when encountering the changing balance of power. Therefore, this paper claims the Council needs a robust reform to re-adapt to the grand trend. The first part briefly introduces the Councils history to illustrate some possible fundamental issues in the Council. The second part analyzes the Councils contemporary dilemmas when encountering crises involving great powers, such as Ukraine. Finally, the paper evaluates the existing plans for reform and proposes a new direction for consideration. Even though the Council has been suffering from weakness recently, it is unlikely that the world can completely abandon it soon before finding a more appropriate replacement. Therefore, this papers work is an initiating framework for future reform. But more research and discussion are necessary for a more elaborate scheme for practice.
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Severance, Jennifer. "COMMUNITY ADVISORY COUNCILS: AN ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR PATIENT-CENTERED LEARNING." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1575.
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Abstract Advisory councils provide a forum for patients and families to partner with health care systems and share experiences, perspectives, ideas, feedback, and recommendations that can improve both the patient experience and health care outcomes. Research shows that patient partnerships fostered through advisory councils can also positively impact health professions education and training by supporting patient-centered learning. With a goal to promote collaboration among community stakeholders in the delivery of geriatrics education and training, a Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program formed a Community Advisory Council. A project team developed the council goals, structure, application and recruitment processes, and facilitation methods. Over two years, a total of 27 older adults, caregivers and community advocates participated in the advisory council both online and in-person. Council members completed an orientation session and met four times over a twelve-month period. At each meeting, faculty prepared two to four open-ended discussion questions regarding knowledge, skills, and attitudes relevant to the nursing home workforce, student education, continuing education, and community outreach. Responses were collected through paper surveys and online forms. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses identified common themes that were shared with education and clinical leadership to inform and improve learning experiences, health care processes, and council engagement. Presenters will describe the council’s structure and composition as well as recruitment, facilitation, and evaluation methods, and lessons learned. This project demonstrates a replicable model of evaluating education that involves older adults, families and community in co-creating quality learning and patient experiences.
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McAlpine, Scott, and Stan Drabek. "Decision-Making Coalitions on Non-partisan Councils: A Small City/Large City Comparison." Canadian Journal of Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 1991): 803–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900005679.
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AbstractThis article examines the complementary hypotheses that voting blocs can exist in small cities as well as large cities, and that voting blocs can develop and exist in non-partisan councils. In this respect the study compares the council voting patterns of two Alberta cities—Calgary and Grande Prairie—over the period of one council term, from 1983 to 1986. Well-defined voting blocs, revealed through Rice-Beyle cluster bloc analysis, are found in both councils. Moreover, discriminant analysis reveals that, contrary to previous research on bloc formation in partisan councils, bloc composition can be generally attributed to the interplay of the councillor background attributes.
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Izbicki, Thomas. "The Fifteenth-Century Councils: Francisco de Vitoria, Melchor Cano, and Bartolomé Carranza." Renaissance and Reformation 42, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1066362ar.
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The Dominican theologian Francisco de Vitoria, founder of the School of Salamanca, was cautiously positive about general councils as useful to the church. However, he was not supportive of the strong conciliarism of the University of Paris. Vitoria’s successor at Salamanca, Melchor Cano, was much more a papalist, an opinion partially shared by Bartolomé Carranza, who attended the opening sessions of the Council of Trent (1545–63) and became archbishop of Toledo. Both Cano and Carranza rejected any claim to conciliar power over a reigning pope, although Carranza wrote more favourably about councils than did Cano. Their criticisms of the fifteenth-century councils of Constance (1414–18) and Basel (1431–49) foreshadowed the categorization of councils by Robert Bellarmine based on loyalty to the papacy. All of these theologians shared the belief that the ideal council was that of Ferrara–Florence (1438–45), which was summoned and directed by a pope.
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Izbicki, Thomas. "The Fifteenth-Century Councils: Francisco de Vitoria, Melchor Cano, and Bartolomé Carranza." Renaissance and Reformation 42, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v42i3.33396.
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The Dominican theologian Francisco de Vitoria, founder of the School of Salamanca, was cautiously positive about general councils as useful to the church. However, he was not supportive of the strong conciliarism of the University of Paris. Vitoria’s successor at Salamanca, Melchor Cano, was much more a papalist, an opinion partially shared by Bartolomé Carranza, who attended the opening sessions of the Council of Trent (1545–63) and became archbishop of Toledo. Both Cano and Carranza rejected any claim to conciliar power over a reigning pope, although Carranza wrote more favourably about councils than did Cano. Their criticisms of the fifteenth-century councils of Constance (1414–18) and Basel (1431–49) foreshadowed the categorization of councils by Robert Bellarmine based on loyalty to the papacy. All of these theologians shared the belief that the ideal council was that of Ferrara–Florence (1438–45), which was summoned and directed by a pope.
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Chaves, Daniela O. "REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCILS AS A FORM OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN COSTA RICA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-2-171-175.
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The article discusses the process of organizing the participation of the local community in environmental protection and decision-making in effective use of natural resources. The main form of public participation of the local population is described: regional environmental councils, which are organized in each administrative division of the Republic of Costa Rica. Clarified the legal framework that creates and establishes the functions of regional environmental councils as a body for the participation of citizens in environmental protection in the Republic of Costa Rica. The main directions of activity of regional environmental councils are listed. The types of council members, the frequency of meetings, and the conditions for re-election are characterized. The legal and regulatory framework governing forestry management in Costa-Rica is considered. The functions of regional environmental councils in relation to the rational management, conservation and restoration of the country's forest resources are listed. A case-study of the participation of a regional environmental council in the organization of forestry in the Talamanca region is described. Conclusions are made for the further prospects of regional environmental councils in the context of ubiquitous access to the Internet.
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Zhil'nikov, Andrei Maksimovich. "Legal acts of the authorities on industry and construction management in the USSR during 1950s – 1960s." Право и политика, no. 6 (June 2020): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.6.32739.
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The object of this research is the administrative-economic reform conducted in the Soviet Union in 1957. The subject of this research is the legal acts of the Councils of National Economy. The author meticulously examines the order of passing legal acts by the Councils of National Economy, as well as their policy-making activity. The article provides the analysis of law and draft bills of government authorities of USSR and RSFSR, as well as legal acts of the Councils of National Economy. Classification of the latter by the content and nature of the contained administrative requirements is conducted. In conclusion, it is established that the crucial questions of competency of the Council were usually resolved collectively; however, there was not clear demarcation between the rights of the chair of the Councils of National Economy and the Councils itself. Gaps in policy-making activity with regards to the order of issuance of acts led to unnatural increase in the already significant amount of such acts, which did not make any essential contributions to the work of institutions and enterprises subordinate to the Council of National Economy.
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Mukah, Samuel Tanjeh. "Budgetary Control and Performance: the Case of Councils in Mezam and Momo Divisions of Cameroon." Business and Management Research 7, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v7n3p36.
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The pursuit of quality service delivery in the public sector management in Cameroon necessitated the decentralisation of public sector management by transferring more power and resources to the local councils. This is in a bid to make them more self-governing. These councils are expected to meet the aspirations of their municipalities by carrying out approved projects efficiently and effectively. In this regard, this paper sets out to investigate the relationship between budgetary control and performance of local councils in Mezam and Momo Divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon, and the challenges these councils encounter in the process of budgetary control. Data was collected through a survey and analysed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique to regress the relationship between the budgetary control variables and council performance. The empirical results showed that the key budgetary control variables (planning, participation, monitoring and control, motivation, communication, and responsibility) have a positively and statistically significant effect on performance of the councils. Effective performance of local councils in Mezam and Momo Divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon could then be attributed to effective presence of budgetary control requiring the availability of financial resources rationally allocated, qualified and experienced personnel, participation of all responsibility center managers in the planning and control processes, and regular communication and motivation of the council staff.
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Boratyn, Dominik. "Rola rad młodzieżowych w lokalnym życiu publicznym (wyniki badań empirycznych)." Polityka i Społeczeństwo 18, no. 3 (2020): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2020.3.4.
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Youth councils are one of the entities functioning within local government units. According to law, the councils have an advisory character, but in practice these bodies also perform a number of other functions. Youth councils are forums that represent the views of young people at a local level; the councils shape, develop, activate, and educate the youth as well as create a forum for cooperation between local authorities and young people. The work in a youth council contributes to the development of a person's personality; it provides satisfaction, self-fulfillment; helps to develop social competences and to meet the need to be noticed and appreciated. The paper presents the results of empirical research, in which the author proves that the main role of youth councils is to activate the local life of young people.
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Falconer, Alan D. "The Council and the Councils of Churches." Ecumenical Review 43, no. 2 (April 1991): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.1991.tb02704.x.
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Cole, Chuck, and Vikki Proctor. "Action Councils: An Alternative to Student Council." Middle School Journal 25, no. 4 (March 1994): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940771.1994.11496111.
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k, Shin’ichi Ijima. "Does the Size of Local Councils Affect Fiscal Expenditures?: An Empirical Analysis in Japan." Center for Civic Politics Research 6 (June 30, 2023): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54968/civicpol.2023.6.137.
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This paper examines whether there exists an impact of the size of local councils on government spending in Japanese local governments. I focus on the fact that the maximum number of council members of municipal councils in Japan has been bound by law, and estimates this by RDD. Then, we examine the existence and positivity or negativity of the effect of council size. My estimation results show that an increase in council size leads to an increase in government spending for the “small and medium-sized groups,” while the opposite is true for the “medium and large groups. The author believes that the common pool problem of increasing government spending does not change with the size of the municipality. Therefore, the difference in the estimated results may be due to differences in the oversight function of councils. A result of this paper suggest that the size of local council members may contribute to the achievement of sound public finances.
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Gallagher, Cathal T., Jeta Thaci, Georgina Saadalla, Nasteha Mohamed, Murwo M. Ismail, Thelma Gossel, and Melissa Attopley. "Disciplinary Action Against UK Health Professionals for Sexual Misconduct: A Matter of Reputational Damage or Public Safety?" Journal of Medical Regulation 107, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-107.4.7.
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ABSTRACT The regulation of health care professionals in the United Kingdom (UK) falls under the authority of one of nine General Councils, each of which has a statutory duty to ensure the fitness to practice of a subdivision of these professionals. Among the matters that may call fitness to practice into question are deviations from published standards of behavior, which include the maintenance of appropriate sexual boundaries by practitioners. The aim of this article is to examine how the common fitness-to-practice process utilized by General Councils deals with registered health care professionals who have exceeded these boundaries. Deductive thematic analysis was carried out on cases involving academic misconduct among registrants of the General Medical Council, General Dental Council, General Pharmaceutical Council, and Nursing and Midwifery Council, using themes derived from each council’s standards for registrants and guidance for disciplinary panel members. While each of these four cases involved some form of sexually motivated misconduct, the facts in each case were significantly different; however, not only was the outcome the same, but the rationale was similar in each instance. While the protection of the health, safety and well-being of the public may be considered in cases involving sexual misconduct, the need to maintain public and professional confidence in their respective professions is sufficient grounds alone to end the careers of health professionals who engage in sexual misconduct.
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Serrels, Keith. "The EDFAS FA Technology Roadmap—Foundation and Future." EDFA Technical Articles 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2022-4.p058.
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Abstract This column describes the structure and process being followed by the councils working on the Failure Analysis Technology Roadmap at the direction of the EDFAS Board. The FA Roadmap activity was recently restructured to establish three Councils: Die-Level Roadmap Council (DLRC), Package Innovation Roadmap Council (PIRC), and an FA Future Roadmap Council (FAFRC). To incorporate a common FA workflow, the DLRC will host two separate domain teams: Isolation and Post-Isolation Domain. The column describes the FA Roadmap work conducted at the ISTFA 2022 Conference and activities planned for 2023.
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Kuriatnikov, Vitali V. "The powers of constitutional (statutory) councils of subjects of the Russian Federation as bodies of legal protection of the Basic Law." Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 9, no. 1 (2023): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2023-9-1-92-108.
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Constitutional (statutory) council is a new state body of federal subjects of Russia. The council is designed to replace the regional body of constitutional justice, abolished since 2023. At the same time, status of this new body is not detailed in the federal legislation, therefore, it gives rise to conflicting approaches in legal science. It is not clear whether the constitutional (statutory) council should (can) be a constitutional control body. Or it should be a supervisory body. It is not clear what set of powers the constitutional (statutory) council should have. The work uses historical and comparatively legal research methods. The authors study the experience of constitutional councils in republics of Yakutia, Bashkiria and Adygea. The conclusion is made about the main purpose of constitutional (statutory) councils: to ensure the supremacy and direct action of the Basic Law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and to exercise its legal protection. This implies the presence of powers: for normative control; on the interpretation of the constitution (charter) of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation; to resolve disputes between the highest authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. At the same time, an analysis of the laws on constitutional councils of subjects of the Russian Federation shows that they have the authority to exercise normative control in relation to all normative acts of a subject of the Russian Federation and local governments. However, they cannot deprive them of their legal force, since their decisions are advisory in nature. The right to interpret the Basic Law is granted to constitutional councils only in Yakutia and Bashkiria. The results of the interpretation are also advisory in nature, so the interpretation cannot be called an official interpretation (especially since the Constitutional Council of Bashkiria is preparing only a draft of such an interpretation). There is no power to resolve disputes in the laws on the status of constitutional councils in Yakutia, Bashkiria and Adygea. The conclusion is made about the ineffectiveness of the means of legal protection of the Basic Law available in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Mechanisms are proposed that will ensure the effectiveness of decisions of constitutional (statutory) councils. The right of constitutional councils to give an official normative interpretation of the Basic Law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is substantiated.
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Irmasari, Rahmatika, Subejo Subejo, and Roso Witjaksono. "RESPONSE OF VILLAGE COUNCILS TO THE FOOD DIVERSIFICATION OF TUBERS FLOUR IN BANTUL DISTRICT." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17205.
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This research was done in Bantul district. The purposes of this research were to find out the response rate of village councils to the food diversification of tubers flour and the factors influencing, to find out the influence of village councils response through development of the local food process, and also to find out the influence of local food development process through the result. This research basically applied analytic descriptive method and used purposive method for sub-district and villages sampling. It took 10 village councils from each village by using simple random sampling,s o there were 60 village councils as sample in total. Data analysis has been done by proportion test, multiple regression analysis, and simple regression analysis.The result shows that mostly village councils in Bantul district have a high response on the food diversification. Government policy and motivatin on food diversification have positive influence to the response of village council. Meanwhile, age, level of education, experience, and perception do not influence to the response of village councils. The response of village councils positively influences to local food development process, and local food development process positively influences ton the result of local food development.
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Sundqvist, Emily. "Regional Political Leadership in Sweden and Finland: Do Institutional Conditions Affect Influence Over Regional Development?" Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.58235/sjpa.v25i1.7132.
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Leading regional development is a key task for regional council representatives. Regional councils are responsible for fostering self-sufficient strategic development in cooperation with a range of stakeholders, including businesses, universities, NGOs and public authorities. However, little attention has been paid to investigating the conditions for regional political leadership, and the relationship between the regional councils’ institutional capacity and politicians’ perceived influence on regional development is somewhat unexplored. The aim of this article is thus to study whether institutional conditions affect the perceived influence of politicians.
A comparison is made in three types of regional councils in Sweden and Finland, employing a survey of 930 representatives. These councils share a similar responsibility for regional development, but they operate within different institutional conditions. Findings show that institutional conditions matter to some extent, with a higher institutional capacity strengthening the assembly’s position and increasing perceived influence at an individual level, though not necessarily increasing the regional councils’ possibilities to exercise strategic leadership. Moreover, regional councils with a higher institutional capacity are more autonomous organisations, while a lower degree of authority makes the regional councils more dependent on the state level.
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Koch, Benno, Samuel Muehlemann, and Harald Pfeifer. "Do works councils improve the quality of apprenticeship training? Evidence from German workplace data." Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership 2, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpeo-12-2017-0009.
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PurposeWorks councils have the legal right to participate in a firm’s training process and, where necessary, call for a replacement of training instructors. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether works councils are associated with a higher quality of apprenticeship training – or its inputs or outputs – in Germany.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use two representative cross-sectional surveys of German workplaces in 2007 and 2012/2013 that were conducted by the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training in Germany. To account for selection on observables, the authors apply nearest neighbor matching models to estimate the extent to which works councils are associated with training quality.FindingsThe results shed light on the influence of works councils on the quality of apprenticeship training in Germany. Based on a quality model, the authors show that works councils are associated with a (moderately) higher output quality of apprenticeships, particularly with respect to the share of retained apprentices. However, the authors do not find empirical evidence for a positive association between works councils and input- and process-quality indicators.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the identification of causal effects due to the existence of works councils is difficult and cannot be fully addressed in the analysis, the authors can use a number of important control variables at the workplace level. The results suggest that a works council only plays a moderate role in enhancing the quality of the German apprenticeship system.Originality/valueThe authors provide the first direct empirical evidence of how the existence of a works council is associated with the input-, process- and outcome-quality measures of the German apprenticeship system.
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Sevidzem, Mbiydzenyuy Courage. "Use of ICT and the Application of E-Governance Strategies in Service Delivery by Local Councils in Cameroon: The Case of Local Councils in the Bamenda Municipality." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 5, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v5i1.5354.
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The increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) by Cameroonians has brought changes in citizen's needs and demands and has raised expectations on how services should be provided. Citizens need to carry out transactions (transactional services) conveniently and obtain accessible, reliable, and sustainable information (information services) from their local government. Unfortunately, this is still far from the reality in some selected local councils in Cameroon, given that they use ICT mainly for administrative and not service delivery purposes. Therefore, this paper's main objective is to establish a link between ICT usage and the empowerment of local councils in the application of e-governance strategies for information and transaction services delivery. The theoretical framework used in the paper included Technology Acceptance, Wider Dissemination, and e-governance Models. The stratified purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were employed to obtain needed data from the Bamenda I, II, and III municipalities in the North West Region. The findings of this paper revealed that a significant number of local councils are already using their ICTs to provide information services. However, none of them so far are using ICT for transactional service delivery purposes. Also, we observed a gap between citizen expectations and local council provision of information and transactional services. This paper found that the use of ICT to apply e-governance strategies would improve local council service delivery in terms of accessibility to information by citizens and sustainability of council information services, also promote transparency in transactions between the council and the citizens, and ease transactions between citizens and local councils in terms of time and cost. Thus, this paper recommends that local councils digitalize manual service delivery processes through their operational IT units. Also, for the Cameroon government to achieve the goals stated in the NDS30 Plan for a Digital Cameroon, it must consider effectively involving local councils in the national digitalization initiatives. This can be done by encouraging them to adapt their information and transactional service delivery procedures to more ICT-based strategies despite the challenges involved.
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Rippner, Jennifer A. "State P-20 Councils and Collaboration Between K-12 and Higher Education." Educational Policy 31, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 3–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904814558008.
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For decades, numerous observers have agreed on the value of collaboration between K-12 and higher education—especially as these sectors work toward increasing college readiness and success. While most states maintain separate agencies for K-12 and higher education, many states have worked to foster collaboration through state P-20 councils. Policy makers’ interest in these councils has waned somewhat as evidenced by the decreasing number of state councils over the past few years. This may be because while collaboration is easy to initiate, it is difficult to do well and sustain. Therefore, understanding the mechanics of collaboration through P-20 council operations may help to improve their functioning and possibly become a more fruitful tool for states. In this study, three state P-20 councils are examined to understand what, if any, catalysts in the organizational structure of the councils promote collaboration.
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Henry, J. J. "The geological input into land-use planning in Lothian Region, Scotland." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.73.
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AbstractStrategic land use planning in Lothian Region is administered by Lothian Regional Council while the four District Councils and the New Town Development Corporation deal with local planning issues. Lothian Regional Council's Structure Plan interprets government guidelines setting out the strategic guidance for the development of the Region which is reflected in Local Plans.The paper describes the geological input into the land-use planning system at both strategic and local levels in relation to the stability of land and minerals required by the extractive industries.
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Kaczprzak, Nikodem. "Młodzieżowa Rada m.st. Warszawy oraz młodzieżowe rady dzielnic m.st. Warszawy – przykład dwustopniowego systemu partycypacji w społeczeństwie obywatelskim młodzieży." Rocznik Administracji Publicznej 9 (September 29, 2023): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24497800rap.23.003.18299.
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Youth councils in local government units are among the tools for increasing civic participation of young people in their local communities. By acting in a youth council, a young person has a chance to influence his or her environment, gain experience in socio‑political activities, and meet similarly active people from all over Poland. There is great potential in the creation of such bodies, which, if exploited by local authorities, can significantly strengthen future civil society. This article presents the legal and actual framework for the operation of youth councils in Poland and discusses the 2021 amendment to the legislation in this area. It then presents an example of a two‑tier system of youth participation in civil society: the Youth Council of the City of Warsaw and the Youth District Councils in the same city. It presents examples of initiatives taken by the Youth Council of the Capital City of Warsaw and the Youth Council of the Śródmieście District of the Capital City of Warsaw within the last three years.
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Omal, Felix, Amasa Philip Ndofirepi, and Michael Cross. "Improving Institutional Stakeholder Governance Practices in the University Council: Membership Strategies and Policies." Higher Education for the Future 6, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631118767295.
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The post-1994 higher education dispensation has witnessed an increase in the number of institutional stakeholder groups striving to become members of university councils within their particular contexts. As such, they are constantly becoming coalitions of powerful constituencies who seek to influence the running of the council to satisfy stakeholder demands across the university and beyond. Consequently, there is a concern whether institutional stakeholder moves to become a part of the council and is bound to improving governance practices in the universities. This article argues that at the level of the university councils, the institutional strategies, policies and articulation with its different stakeholder groups are critical, using data obtained through the use of documentary sources, interviews and surveys. The results show that institutional stakeholders have strong inclinations towards the governance mechanisms of how individuals become members of the university council, calling for greater professionalization of the governance best practises for improving governance in strongly stakeholder-governed university councils and pointing out possible areas of further research.