Dissertations / Theses: 'Councils'

1

Davis, Nicholas Andrew. "Early Restoration Councils, 1830–1838: A Tool to Refine Individuals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6619.

Full text

Abstract:

When Joseph Smith founded the Church of Christ in April 1830, he also established the framework for councils, the decision-making mechanism of the early Church. Early councils included a group of men holding the priesthood and often included a congregation. They would gather and make authoritative decisions, including if someone accused of wrongdoing was guilty and should receive formal disciplinary action. As the Church grew, Smith further developed this council system. Elders and high priests frequently formed councils, which gradually gave way to bishop's councils. In 1834, high councils began to establish an appellate court where disgruntled Church members could appeal their case. Later, Smith formed other disciplinary bodies and gave them limited jurisdictional authority. Depending on where they lived, Church members utilized different councils. Kirtland and Missouri principally used a bishop and high council, while other outlying congregations relied primarily on elder and high priest councils. Notwithstanding these organizational differences, early Church councils exhibited several consistent patterns. They encouraged individuals to reform their behavior, provided progressive rights to women and children, and inspired confidence in the system, even though Church leaders sometimes disagreed with individual rulings. Although often overlooked, early Church councils played a pivotal role in protecting and developing Church orthodoxy and orthopraxy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Heser, Claudia. "Works Councils in Großbritannien /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/37335052X.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional labour councils and local employment generation the South Coast Labour Council, 1981-1996 /." Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.
Title from title screen (viewed 16 April 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business. Degree awarded 2002; thesis submitted 2001. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Parker, Kirsten Elisabeth. "School councils and classroom change." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/NQ41593.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Coulson-Thomas, Colin. "Status and professional association councils." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12219/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the predictive value of a conceptual distinction between status-seeking associations and status-maintaining associations for enhancing understanding of ten selected professional associations and of the attitudes, values, behaviour and policies of their governing organs. Thirty four specific hypotheses have been tested by such research methods as questionnaires administered to individuals and associations, participant observation and an examination of association minutes and publications. Certain hypotheses have been found to be valid for particular matched pairs and/or groups of associations. The findings of the study suggest that the present conceptualisation of profession, the individual professional, professionalism, professionalisation, professional status and that relating to the role of the professions in society needs to be refined and modified in varying degrees in application to accounting associations, business graduate associations and management associations. The concept of the `ideal type' profession is shown to be of limited value in understanding certain aspects of the activities of business graduate and management associations. The findings of the study suggest that in future the professional associations examined may attach less importance to their qualifying role and lay more stress upon their representational role. The professional association faces a managerial challenge to adjust and adapt to a range of `external' pressures and `internal' demands from members and may increasingly need to be regarded as an organisation that possesses certain combinations or sets of characteristics rather than as a type of organisation that possesses a particular or relatively exclusive set. With a blurring of the distinction between the professional and state sector vocational education, and a growing customer/market orientation associated with the changing nature of work, membership of a professional association may, in future, come to be associated rather more with securing access to a relevant range of services and less with qualification for a particular career.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

L'Huillier, Peter. "The Church of the ancient councils : the disciplinary work of the first four ecumenical councils /." Crestwood (N.Y.) : St Vladimir's seminary press, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37222409s.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Labour Councils and Local Government Employment Generation: The South Coast Labour Council 1981-1996." University of Sydney. Business, Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis examines the role of regional labour councils in local employment generation. It specifically analyses the case of an Australian regional labour council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), between 1981 and 1996. The Illawarra region was the centre of SCLC activity. It was an industrialised region that experienced high levels of unemployment in the period. These were greater than the State and national averages, which reflected a geographical concentration of unemployment in certain regions in Australia. The SCLC attempted to address this issue, as it was part of the union structure that was specifically focused on the regional level and on regional concerns. The study argues that the SCLC developed a local employment generation strategy and it examines how and why this was adopted and pursued. It finds that the SCLC was well placed at the regional level and was well resourced with a capacity to influence the external environment through its utilisation of both political and industrial methods in a period of agreeable internal relations. The research identifies the development of its local employment generation strategy. Sometimes the SCLC pursued its strategy in a manner of ad hoc decision-making and muddling through, while at other times it involved characteristic and distinctive regular patterns. The thesis concludes by evaluating the SCLC�s strategy of local employment generation and by exploring the applicability of the general trade union literature on methods and strategy to regional labour councils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hoffmann, Aline. "The construction of solidarity in a German Central Works Council : implications for European Works Councils." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58483/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis takes as its starting point the question whether European Works Councils (EWCs) can overcome the divisive pressures of cross-border competition for jobs and investment between sites. A review of the body of literature on EWCs yields that with respect to this question, opinion is divided and examples are contradictory. The central works council (CWC) established according to the German Betriebsverfassungsgesetz is identified as a close analogue to an EWC. In the absence of a body of literature on the internal functioning of CWCs, this research undertook to examine in depth the experience of a single CWC as a lead case. As an analytical framework, the contributions of theories of federalism as a means of reconciling unity and diversity were applied to the multi-level system of employee interest representation. A conceptualisation of solidarity as it might be generated among the members of a central and/or European works council is developed. It is concluded that a discursive/participative structure is most likely to enable the generation of solidarity across and within a multi-level, essentially federalist system. Key analytical factors are identified which are applied to the experience of the Central Works Council at DaimlerChrysler, and to EWCs more generally. Applying the methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews with the CWC members, documentary analysis, and a postal survey of the local works council members, the operation of the central works council at DaimlerChrysler is explored in detail, covering its day-to-day functioning, its articulation with local works councils, and the values and expectations underlying its work. With reference to the conceptual framework, the findings from the case study are compared with EWC law and practice more generally. It is concluded that the EWC can be considered a nascent federalist system at most. Despite the existence of important gaps, however, this research concludes that solidarity within EWCs is possible if it can be built upon a participative and transparent set of institutions and processes which are seen by EWC members, national and local employee representatives, and trade unions to be fair and legitimate. The final chapter explores the implications of this research for policy, practice and further research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Labour Councils and Local Government Employment Generation: The South Coast Labour Council 1981-1996." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis examines the role of regional labour councils in local employment generation. It specifically analyses the case of an Australian regional labour council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), between 1981 and 1996. The Illawarra region was the centre of SCLC activity. It was an industrialised region that experienced high levels of unemployment in the period. These were greater than the State and national averages, which reflected a geographical concentration of unemployment in certain regions in Australia. The SCLC attempted to address this issue, as it was part of the union structure that was specifically focused on the regional level and on regional concerns. The study argues that the SCLC developed a local employment generation strategy and it examines how and why this was adopted and pursued. It finds that the SCLC was well placed at the regional level and was well resourced with a capacity to influence the external environment through its utilisation of both political and industrial methods in a period of agreeable internal relations. The research identifies the development of its local employment generation strategy. Sometimes the SCLC pursued its strategy in a manner of ad hoc decision-making and muddling through, while at other times it involved characteristic and distinctive regular patterns. The thesis concludes by evaluating the SCLC�s strategy of local employment generation and by exploring the applicability of the general trade union literature on methods and strategy to regional labour councils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bicknell, Helen. "How 'German' are European works councils?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433512.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Robinson, Peter Forbes. "Workers' councils in Portugal 1974-1975." n.p, 1989. http://dart.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=173.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Fry, Thurman Jeffrey. "School improvement councils as change agents." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=442.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 191 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-167).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Sweeney, Irene Elizabeth. "The municipal administration of Glasgow, 1833-1912 : public service and the Scottish civic identity." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25315.

Full text

Abstract:

The Municipal administration of Glasgow, 1833-1912, examines the evolution of civic government in Scotland's major industrial city during a period of unprecedented urban development. The thesis is centred on the contribution of town councillors in determining a distinctly Scottish municipal identity, and the extent to which social, economic and political influences helped shape prevailing attitudes towards the public service. Biographical sources have been used to construct a collective profile of the 577 representatives who served on Glasgow Town Council during this time. However, attention is also focused on the municipal bureaucracy, especially the role of the Town Clerks. The 1833 Burgh Reform Act redefined the civic entity of Glasgow, and removed the traditional burgess basis of authcirity. Yet it was not until 1846 that the Council was able to overcome numerous legal obstacles and extend its sphere of operations. Thereafter, municipal policy was directed towards a programme of city improvenent, beginning with the spectacularly successful Loch Katrine water supply in 1855. The quality of urban life was a major civic preoccupation, and the importance of issues such as temperance reflected the concern of many councillors to present a more positive image for Glasgow. The notion of "civic pride" took firm root during the 1850s, and the following decades represented a period of steady consolidation. During this time the Council expended considerable energy in attempting to extend the municipal boundaries, particularly as many outlying areas already benefited from Glasgow's public utilities. After several false starts, success was achieved in 1891, and the municipality underwent extensive administrative restructuring. Yet by the 1900s, the rise of Labour and the spectre of "municipal socialism" had called Glasgow's civic priorities into question. Despite the controversy, there was no significant reversal of the Council's long-held expansionist strategy, and territorial additions in 1912 enlarged the city substantially.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kaçar, T. "A study of the early church councils, from the Apostolic council of Jerusalem AD. 52 to the second ecumenical council AD. 381." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637745.

Full text

Abstract:

The main framework of the study is as follows. The first two chapters are a historical overview of the church councils from the Apostolic council in AD. 52 to the second ecumenical council of Constantinople in 381. The chapters are to be divided as pre-Nicene and post-Nicene. Chapter three focuses on the organisation and protocol of the church councils. As far as the first four centuries are concerned, it will concentrate on finding out who took the first step in holding a council. Then, the communication channels and means of transportation to a fixed council place are examined. The chapter also covers the protocol, the seating arrangement, qualifications for membership, and presidency of the councils. Chapter four examines the transactions of the church councils. Six types of business preoccupied the bishops in the church councils. These were creed and canon making, electing and consecrating bishops, judging ecclesiastical and secular cases, and routine church business. The second part of this chapter examines the recording and dissemination of decisions taken at the councils. Chapter five is an attempt to compare the Latin and Greek traditions of the church councils, particularly in the third century, as the available evidence makes a broad comparison possible between the two milieu. In doing this I will try to identify the structural features of the church councils, that is how meetings were regulated, and how decisions were made in the Latin and Greek tradition. Chapter six is concerned with the politics of summoning and carrying out a council. The central theme of the chapter is to discuss those political activities in the form of factionalism and to identify the foundations of this factionalism. The second part of the chapter looks at the attitudes of the western and eastern bishops in promulgating new creeds and in forming factions in the fourth century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Nateghpour, Mohamad Javad. "Islamic councils and social democracy in Iran." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4714/.

Full text

Abstract:

For the first time when the new Islamic councils began their Operation, many intellectuals and politicians proclaimed that there would be no room for the young Islamic councils to proceed. In political terms, because of the new challenges between the rightists and leftists, many people had no hope to see the results of the councils. Still others believed that under the dominating ruling system of Iran there is no space for public opinion and participation in local decision-making. This paper focuses on the role of the Islamic Councils as a new form of social democracy, which decentralizes power and creates good local governance. The paper also discusses the obstacles for the Councils in the development of the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kennedy, Jane. "Understanding High Performance in English County Councils." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486893.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Cerda, Jos?? Manuel History &amp Philosophy Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "The councils of Henry II in England." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. History & Philosophy, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40671.

Full text

Abstract:

The main objective of this thesis is to offer an understanding of the nature and political importance of English royal councils in the reign of Henry II (1154 -- 1188), a subject that has never attracted historical attention before. While the analysis of particularly controversial meetings has been incorporated in several studies, the common features of councils have never been made a subject of historical enquiry. The present study has relied on the evidence provided in contemporary sources, such as the numerous chronicle and a large body of royal charters, treatises, and official documents which have been preserved for this period. It has also studied a number of political, legal, administrative and "seal treatises, all of which provide useful insights into the mentalities of the time and the Institutional makeup and governance of England under Henry II. The first chapter is a chronological narrative which aims to introduce the reader into the subject and to associate group of councils with the different phases in Henry's reign. Then the terminology employed in the sources to identify and describe these meetings is analysed so to understand how were these assemblies perceived in the political community. The third chapter deals with the circumstantial aspects of councils by offering a study of the places and buildings where assemblies take place, as well as the calendar and the frequency they followed. The following two chapters discuss the evidence for and the process of conciliar consultation, and the matters discussed at royal councils In this period. The following chapter studies the attendance and the social aspects of these meetings. The last chapter Is an essay which evaluates the place occupied by these councils within the early history of parliament. The central conclusion which brings together all these chapters is that the unprecedented frequency with which Henry II summoned great assemblies meant that most important decisions made during his reign are connected with conciliar activity and, therefore, assented by the nobles of the realm, and that gathering councils consequently became a very useful Instrument of royal governance and a most public occasion for baronial politics in this period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Thompson, Jerry. "An assessment of local citizen corps councils /." View online, 2004. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/28/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hanif, Mohammed Ahsan. "Western Fatwa Councils : their development and impact." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2797/.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines Western fatwā councils and all of the different aspects related to them. It looks at their modus operandi, the way they operate, choose, research and discuss topics, issue fatwas and then disseminate those fatwas. The study also undertakes field research to determine the way in which general Muslims as well as imāms and Muslim lecturers view the councils. At the same time, the research also portrays the views of some of the members of the councils with regards to the councils. The thesis focuses on a number of issues; firstly it defines ‘Fiqh for Muslim Minorities’ and strongly endorses it as a justified branch of Islamic law. Secondly, it highlights the historical roots to fatwā councils and how have they developed over time, thereby showing that scholars have throughout Muslim history gathered to discuss and debate religious issues. It takes an in-depth look at Western fatwā councils, discussing their formation and main aims and objectives. The research goes into detail regarding their modus operandi and the way they function. Another element of the study is to analyse the edicts of Western fatwā councils and see to what extent they agree with one another, other worldwide fatwā councils as well as classical opinions of jurists on the same or similar issues. The research also commissions social research whereby the views of the general Muslim public as well as imams and Muslim preachers are gauged. This study finds that there is a great need for fatwā councils, particularly in the West and that they play a very important role for Muslims in Western societies. The issues they discuss and the edicts they issue often deal with important and pertinent topics. Western fatwā Councils have made great strides since their inception. At the same time the study finds that Western fatwā Councils fall short in having raised sufficient awareness about them and their work. Councils also fall short in allowing easy access to their work, the dissemination of their work and in connecting with Western Muslims in their languages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Russell, Alexander. "England and the general councils, 1409 - 1563." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:677e32c2-821f-453d-9375-978f42f4980b.

Full text

Abstract:

My doctoral thesis examines the intellectual and political relationship between England and the general councils of the Church from the Council of Pisa until the Council of Trent. It illuminates the hitherto unexplored features of the revolution that was the end of universal papal authority. With the transfer of spiritual authority to Henry VIII, the heads of England’s Protestant regimes inherited the papacy’s distrust of the general council, which had the potential to interfere with the course of the reformation in England. At the same time, the thesis examines the changing nature of public commitment to universal decision-making in the Church in the face of resistance by hierarchs (papal or royal). It finds a widespread support for the general council over the period, but also a plurality of views about how conciliar government could be reconciled with monarchical rule in the Church. In the fifteenth century, conciliarism had to contend with the suspicions of those who wished to shore up the Church hierarchy against Wycliffite attacks. In the sixteenth century, there was still competition between the establishment’s defence of an hierarchical Church, directed by the monarchy, and theories which stressed the importance of conciliar government. These arguments took different shapes when used by popular rebels in favour of traditional religion grounded on conciliar consent, or by Protestants in favour of synodal government by the godly. But they were both outcomes of enduring instabilities in the ideology of Church government, which had their roots in the fifteenth century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Cosgrave, Ellie. "Smart cities : governance implications for city councils." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682678.

Full text

Abstract:

Responding to modern urban challenges will require a fundamental re-envisioning of urban engineering, management and leadership. Some technologists now argue that the 'smart city' could provide a transformative panacea for urban development. They argue that ubiquitous urban sensing, big data and analytics will help us to better understand the real time functioning of our cities, as well as inform longer term planning and policy decisions. They claim that smart grids will enable efficiency within our energy infrastructure and that intelligent transport systems will encourage multi-modal low carbon urban mobility. They say anywhere access to information through smartphones and mobile infrastructure will transform the way people use the city and will support the development of new products and services. However, the technological solutions are only one part of the answer and are interwoven within a complex investment environment. While technology companies are bombarding cities with opportunities to invest in state of the art technology, city councils are left wondering how and why they should invest. They are left to explore the economic return, the business models, the value that it brings to citizens and the role that they should play within an ecosystem of delivery partners and stake holders. They are left to decipher funding models, measurement and reporting regimes and the implications for their organisational structure, operational requirements and responsibilities. On top of this, they must understand how these investments align to existing local and national political priorities and strategies. This gap between technological solutions and investment models is perhaps not surprising. Leveraging state of the art technology to serve political, economic, social and environmental challenges is not straightforward in practice. But the urgency of the challenge requires city authorities to actively increase the pace of innovation. Drawing on the experience of cities in Britain and overseas, this thesis explores the challenges faced by city councils trying to implement smart city solutions. It devises a 'governance map' to illustrate the governance context within which investment decisions are made, and develops a practical framework to support city councils in addressing smart city challenges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

DiGiulio, Laura. "Food Policy Councils: Does Organization Type Matter." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492620713327182.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lim, Johnson T. K. "The celestial councils in Ugaritic and Biblical corpora." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Maas-Olsen, Marcelle Isabel. "Empowering representative councils of learners through policy-making." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1647.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006.
The right of learners to participate in decision-making as stakeholders in their own education was a significant area of controversy between learners and education authorities prior to 1994. At the end of the apartheid regime in 1994 the foundation was laid for a South Africa based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights as provided for in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996), hereinafter referred to as the Constitution RSA. To give effect to these constitutional rights and to entrench the democratic values in society, a new system of education and training which required the phasing-in of new education legislation had to be created. The National Education Policy Act, 1996 (Act 27 of 1996) [NEPAl was the first comprehensive new act promulgated by the government after 1994. This act mainly provides for the promulgation of education policy by the Minister of Education. The South African Schools Act, 1996 (Act 84 of 1996) [SASAj, as amended, provides a national system of school education that advances democracy, the development of all leamers and the protection of rights, as well as promoting acceptance of responsibility by learners, parents and educators for the organisation of the school, its governance and its funding. The SASA has entrenched the rights of learners to participate as stakeholders in education by affording them representation in school governing bodies which have the status of being the only legitimate bodies representing parents and learners in public schools.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Cubitt, Catherine Rosalind Eva. "Anglo-Saxon church councils, c.650 - c.850." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272348.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Gresser, Georg. "Die Synoden und Konzilien in der Zeit des Reformpapsttums in Deutschland und Italien von Leo IX. bis Calixt II., 1049-1123." Paderborn : F. Schöningh, 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=7BPZAAAAMAAJ.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Krieger, Gerlinde. "Die Integration der Richtlinie über Europäische Betriebsräte in die Rechtssysteme Deutschlands, Italiens und Grossbritanniens /." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/385310862.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Madzivanyika, Last. "The impact of weaknesses in the Urban Councils Act on efficient and effective service delivery in urban local councils in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5428_1337778145.

Full text

Abstract:

This study focuses on the impact on service provision arising from uncertainties in the UC Act. There are serious problems with the delivery of basic services in urban areas: including frequent interruptions in water supply, persistent power cuts, uncollected refuse, poor health services and dilapidated infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to highlight specific weaknesses in the UC Act and examine how these contribute to poor service delivery. The specific weaknesses to be examined are the unfettered powers of the minister, lack of legal certainty on powers and functions of UCs, limited revenue generating powers and lack of autonomy in recruiting senior council administration. First, UCs exercise delegated powers from central government. The minister has powers to give directions on matters of policy, suspend, reverse, or rescind council resolutions. There is no legal authority to check and balance the unfettered powers of the minister. Poor service delivery may be attributed in part to the unfettered powers of the minister. Secondly, UCs do not have devolved fiscal powers. As agents of central government, UCs can only levy those taxes and borrow money as authorised by the minister. The limited capacities of UCs to generate own revenue impacts negatively on the capacity of UCs to respond to the needs of the communities they serve.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Araujo, Xiomara. "Decentralisation in Venezuela and citizen participation in local government : the case of local councils for public planning and the communal councils." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7002.

Full text

Abstract:

Venezuela began a process of decentralization in the late 1980s as part of a major period of institutional reform designed to restore legitimacy to the discredited political system of the time. The first efforts towards this end did not complete the process of decentralizing political power, since they did not open more spaces or channels for citizen participation in public affairs. With the adoption of a new National Constitution in 1999, however, new channels for citizen participation were opened through the creation, amongst other mechanisms, of the State Councils of Public Policy Planning, the Local Councils of Public Planning and later, the Community Councils. The primary objectives of this thesis were to analyze the degree to which this decentralization process has improved local governance in Venezuela. More specifically, the investigation focused on exploring the effectiveness of the measures introduced to enhance civil society participation in public affairs. The analysis draws upon and attempts to integrate insights from a range of academic literatures including those dealing with: the debates surrounding good governance , organizational and institutional theory, decentralization and civil society participation in public affairs. Rich empirical research into the degree to which the decentralization process has promoted citizen involvement in decision making involved the exploration of a wide range of secondary materials and the conducting of interviews with key actors and participants within the programmes under investigation. Key findings include the observation that the creation and operation of the Local Councils of Public Planning and Community Councils have led to the evolution of a participatory process that has been marred by a lack of legal continuity, institutional disorganization and a lack of awareness of the existence of the mechanisms (and some suspicion regarding their intentions amongst the general population). Outcomes have also been heavily influenced by the political polarization that exists in contemporary Venezuela. The community councils in particular have been the subject of considerable debate within the country with opinion sharply divided along political lines as to whether they represent a radical new vision of decentralization or another way to further centralize power within the hands of President Hugo Chávez.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Kapa, Motlamelle Anthony. "Consolidating democracy through integrating the chieftainship institution with elected councils in Lesotho: a case study of four community councils in Maseru." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002996.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyses the relationship between the chieftainship institution and the elected councils in Lesotho. Based on a qualitative case study method the study seeks to understand this relationship in four selected councils in the Maseru district and how this can be nurtured to achieve a consolidated democracy. Contrary to modernists‟ arguments (that indigenous African political institutions, of which the chieftainship is part, are incompatible with liberal democracy since they are, inter alia, hereditary, they compete with their elective counterparts for political power, they threaten the democratic consolidation process, and they are irrelevant to democratising African systems), this study finds that these arguments are misplaced. Instead, chieftainship is not incompatible with liberal democracy per se. It supports the democratisation process (if the governing parties pursue friendly and accommodative policies to it) but uses its political agency in reaction to the policies of ruling parties to protect its survival interests, whether or not this undermines democratic consolidation process. The chieftainship has also acted to defend democracy when the governing party abuses its political power to undermine democratic rule. It performs important functions in the country. Thus, it is still viewed by the country‟s political leadership, academics, civil society, and councillors as legitimate and highly relevant to the Lesotho‟s contemporary political system. Because of the inadequacies of the government policies and the ambiguous chieftainship-councils integration model, which tend to marginalise the chieftainship and threaten its survival, its relationship with the councils was initially characterised by conflict. However, this relationship has improved, due to the innovative actions taken not by the central government, but by the individual Councils and chiefs themselves, thus increasing the prospects for democratic consolidation. I argue for and recommend the adoption in Lesotho of appropriate variants of the mixed government model to integrate the chieftainship with the elected councils, based on the re-contextualised and re-territorialised conception and practice of democracy, which eschews its universalistic EuroAmerican version adopted by the LCD government, but recognises and preserves the chieftainship as an integral part of the Basotho society, the embodiment of its culture, history, national identity and nationhood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Paul, John. "The diocesan pastoral council." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

De, Lucia Pierluigi. "The Petrine ministry at the time of the first four ecumenical councils: relations between the Bishop of Rome and the Eastern Bishops as revealed in the canons, process, and reception of the councils." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1852.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis advisor: Francine Cardman
The Petrine ministry of the bishops of Rome and relations with the eastern bishops at the time of the first four ecumenical councils are the focus of this thesis. It places the Church in the complex historical context marked by the public recognition of Christianity under Constantine (312) and the great novelty of the close interactions of the emperors with the bishops of the major sees in the period, Rome, Alexandria, Antioch and Constantinople. The study examines the structures of the church (local and regional synods and ecumenical councils) and the roles of bishops and emperors in the ecumenical councils of Nicaea (325), Constantinople I (381), Ephesus (431), and Chalcedon (451), including the “robber” council of 449. Attention is given to the most important and sometimes contested canons of those councils regarding the relationship of the eastern bishops and their sees to the bishop of Rome and his claims to exercise a Petrine ministry and authority for the whole Church: canon 6 (Nicaea), canon 3 (Constantinople), canon 7 (Ephesus) and canon 28 (Chalcedon). The method of the study is historical and draws on the contributions of major Orthodox, Anglican, Lutheran and Catholic scholars. The concluding synthesis and ecclesiological reflection finds that no Roman bishop was present at these councils, but at all but Constantinople, where there was a western observer, he sent legates. Sometimes the bishop of Rome played an important role in the ecumenical councils, i.e., Leo in relation to Ephesus 449 and Chalcedon; Celestine and recognition of Ephesus 431, and in both cases, the emperor also supported the final decisions. Moreover, the bishops of Rome played a minor role in relation to Nicaea and Constantinople. Finally, in regard to canon 3 of Constantinople and 28 of Chalcedon they consistently asserted that their apostolicity and foundation on Peter was the source of the Roman bishop’s authority and precedence
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Sedlacek, Sabine, and Gunther Maier. "Green Building Councils: Their Economic Role as Governance Institutions." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3419/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2012_02.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Green Building Councils (GBCs) have been established in many different countries in recent years. This paper discusses the role such organizations can play in the respective construction and real estate industry and under what circumstances a GBC can contribute positively to the development of a "greener" or "more sustainable" stock of buildings. The paper investigates the main informational problem of the industry by looking at the relation between a developer and an investor from an economic point of view. We argue that the investor's uncertainty about the true quality of a building and the corresponding incentive for the developer to cheat may lock them into a prisoners' dilemma trap. The corresponding barriers for a transition toward a "greener" buildings market are analyzed. GBCs are described as institutions of economic governance that can assist the economy in overcoming these problems. They can act as third party institutions in transactions between developers and investors. By certifying the quality of a building, they can reduce the risk for the investor to be cheated by the developer and also increase the incentive to develop good quality buildings for the developer. This task, however, raises some severe management challenges for the GBCs. (author's abstract)
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Pointing, Randall John. "Implementation of school councils in Queensland state primary schools." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Education, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001487/.

Full text

Abstract:

In Queensland, all state schools have the opportunity to decide the model of school-based management they would like to adopt for their school communities. For schools wishing to pursue the greatest level of school-based management, School Councils are mandatory. Because School Councils will play an important role as schools become increasingly involved in school-based management, the operations of newly formed Councils were the basis of this research. The main purpose of the study is to determine, through both literature and research, what makes an effective School Council. Although Education Queensland has identified roles and functions, as well as the rationale behind School Councils, clear guidelines to assist Councils with their implementation and to gauge the effectiveness of Councils do not exist. Because School Councils have only been implemented in Queensland for a very short period of time, there has been very little research undertaken on their operations. There are three main stages to this research. First, an extensive literature review explored the theoretical, research and policy developments in relation to school-based management and School Councils. Second, a pilot study was undertaken of an existing School Council that had been in operation for just twelve months. The final and most significant stage of the research involved multi-site case study of three newly formed School Councils, the research being conducted over a twelve-month period to obtain a longitudinal picture of their operations. Two general theoretical frameworks, based on the concepts of change theory and leadership theory, guided the research. Data from the study were analysed within these frameworks and within six focus areas that were identified from the literature and pilot study. These focus areas formed the basis for the development of criteria for the implementation of an effective School Council that were investigated in the three case studies. The focus areas were: 1. promoting the profile of the School Council within the school community; 2. developing well defined roles, responsibilities and functions of the School Council; 3. developing roles and relationships of School Council members; 4. promoting accountability, monitoring and reporting responsibilities; 5. providing training and professional development for all School Council members; and 6. improving the functioning and operations of the School Council. The research was conducted within the qualitative tradition. Specifically, the method adopted was multi-site case study. Data-collection techniques involved questionnaires, interviews with School Council members, observations of Council meetings and an analysis of Council documentation. The findings from the study outlined a number of theoretical understandings and suggested criteria to assist schools in developing a more effective Council, including examples of strategies to support their effective implementation. It is envisaged that the theoretical understandings, the suggested criteria and specific examples will be of benefit to other schools where School Councils are being formed by providing them with a structure that will assist in the beginning stages of the Council's operation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kosat, Feliks Mikel. "The role of the laity on parish pastoral councils." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Cheng, Wai-pang Tony, and 鄭偉鵬. "Dissolution of the Municipal Councils: a policy window perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966482.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Magarelli, Karen. "Unit based practice councils, employee engagement and employee satisfaction." Thesis, The William Paterson University of New Jersey, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3617148.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. The objective of this research is to determine if nursing unit based practice councils increase employee engagement and employee satisfaction.Background. The environment in which nurses practice influences their ability to provide safe patient care and maintain satisfaction with their position and the profession. There is a commitment towards establishing a healthy work environment where employee engagement and employee satisfaction are experienced. Unit based practice councils engage staff to contribute collaboratively in the decision-making process related to standards of care in nursing and employee practice.

Design. A retrospective comparative study utilizing secondary data analysis was implemented to determine the relationship between the independent variable, unit based practice council, and the dependent variables, employee engagement and employee satisfaction. This type of research design is appropriate because it will compare aggregate data that was collected prior to the implementation of a unit based practice council and after the implementation of a unit based practice council. The original data was collected as part of an annual employee survey that was implemented for the purpose of measuring employee engagement and employee satisfaction in 2010 and 2012.

Sample and methods. The sample includes an aggregate group of hospital workers, including all healthcare employees (registered nurse, unit clerks, and clinical care technicians) within each of the 4 nursing units within an Urban Level 1 Trauma Magnet Academic Medical Center located in New Jersey. The researcher contacted the nursing directors for each of the 4 units under study, to access and utilize aggregate data. E-mails were received from each participating director to confirm agreement for data collection.

A retrospective comparative study utilizing secondary data analysis was implemented to determine the relationship between the independent variable unit based practice council and the dependent variables employee engagement and employee satisfaction. This type of research design is appropriate because it will compare aggregate data that was collected prior to the implementation of a unit based practice council and after implementation of a unit based practice council.

Findings. The researcher was hoping to see if there was an increase in employee engagement and employee satisfaction after the implementation of a unit based practice council.

Importance to Nursing. The presence of a unit based practice council creates a climate that is supported by leadership and is essential to staff where employees feel empowered when given autonomy and decision making. Nursing leaders should provide venues to ensure the development of employee confidence for control of practice and collaboration amongst the health care team. Staff then identify that they have an impact on their work which leads to improved employee engagement and employee satisfaction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Parveen, Rehana. "Do Shari'a councils meet the needs of Muslim women?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8418/.

Full text

Abstract:

In the last 30 years English law has seen a small but steady proliferation of shari’a councils though exact numbers are unknown. They have been set up to meet the religious needs of the British Muslim population focussing on providing a forum for the resolution of marital disputes. Shari’a councils offer mediation and reconciliation services as well as issuing religious divorce certificates. In the academic research to date it is apparent that the primary applicants to shari’a councils are Muslim women. In order to understand why one must investigate Islamic law which differentiates between the way in which men and women may divorce. Muslim men are free to pronounce a unilateral divorce without seeking the approval of any judicial body. Muslim women are arguably not granted any equivalent rights and must either secure their husband’s consent or apply to an authority to provide them with a religious determination. Shari’a councils have emerged to meet that need. My research demonstrates that whilst Muslim women are generally satisfied with the outcome of a shari’a council ruling they are critical of the processes. This becomes even more apparent to them when they compare their experiences of shari’a councils with the civil court system. Nonetheless, civil law alone is insufficient to meet the women’s needs and access to a religious authority remains a vital resource for many Muslim women. There is, however, a dynamic and evolving relationship emerging between Muslim family law practices and English law, which is still only at the embryonic stage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Cheng, Wai-pang Tony. "Dissolution of the Municipal Councils : a policy window perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2329467x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Augustin, Marc [Verfasser]. "Influence of workers councils on employee engagement – An Action-Research approach to influence employee engagement through workers council initiatives / Marc Augustin." Beckingen : Marc Augustin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223485196/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ataman, Sevket Emek. "Interest Representation In Local Politics: The Case Of Municipal Councils." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605471/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

It is widely argued that in liberal democracies, demands and interests of different social groups are defended by their representatives in the decision making bodies. The municipal councils can be seen one such channel at the local level. The aim of this thesis is to explore the municipal councils with reference to their power, representation channels, and the weight of different groups in it. The profiles of the local councilors in reference to their education, ethnicity, sex, and class properties are investigated. In order to explore the above concepts a case study in Denizli Municipality is carried out. Questionnaires and deep interviews with municipal council members and municipal stuff are made.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Marumahoko, Sylvester. "Testing the boundaries of Zimbabwe's fiscal decentralisation for urban councils." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2655_1306474131.

Full text

Abstract:

There is a realisation that urbanisation has overstretched the ability and efforts of central governments to serve from the centre, thus, giving rise to the search for a robust decentralisation policy that vests urban local governments with some level of autonomy.1 It is in this context that decentralisation has become critical in order to sufficiently respond to the varied service delivery challenges brought about by increasing urbanisation. However, all efforts to capacitate urban councils through the process of decentralisation are futile if the urban local governments lack the necessary financial means to fulfil their responsibilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Mow, Karen Estelle, and n/a. "Research Grant Funding and Peer Review in Australian Research Councils." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 2009. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20091214.152554.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis considers the effects of research funding process design in the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). The program delivery mechanisms that the ARC and NHMRC use differ in detail and each council claims to be using the best selection model possible. Neither council provides evidence that peer review is the best possible way of delivering government funding for research and neither can produce empirical evidence that they use the best possible peer review model to determine excellence. Data used in this thesis were gathered over several years, forming a comparative case study of the Australian Research Council and the National Health and Medical Research Council, with illustrative data from comparable international organizations in the UK and USA. The data collection included: a survey of applicants, semi-structured interviews with experienced panel members and former staff, observation of selection meetings, and examination of publications by and about the research councils. Researchers firmly believe in peer review and their confidence enables the system to function. However, the mechanisms of grant selection are not well understood and not well supported by applicants, who criticize the processes used to assess their work, while supporting the concept of peer selection. The notion of excellence is problematic; judgements of excellence are made within frameworks set by the research councils and vary across disciplines. Allocation of research funding depends on peer review assessment to determine quality, but there is no single peer review mechanism, rather, there exist a variety of processes. Process constraints are examined from the perspectives of panel members, peer reviewers, council staff and applicants. Views from outside and inside the black box of selection reveal the impacts of process design on judgements of excellence and decision-making capacity. Peer reviewers in selection panels are found to use a range of differentiating strategies to separate applications, with variance evident across disciplines and research councils. One dominant criterion emerges in both the ARC and NHMRC processes, track record of the applicants. Program delivery mechanisms enable and constrain selection but every peer panel member has to make selection decisions by defining discipline standards and negotiating understandings within the panel. The extent to which peers can do this depends on the number of applications assigned to them, the size of the applicant field, and the processes they have to follow. Fine details of process design, panel rules and interactions are the tools that shape funding outcomes. Research councils believe they are selecting the best, most meritorious proposed research. However, I show in this thesis that the dominant discriminator between applicants in Australian selection processes is track record of the applicant. This effect is the result of several factors operating singly or in concert. Researcher track record, largely determined by quality and number of journal publications, is considered to be the responsibility of universities but support for this capacity building has not been systematically provided in Australian universities. Reliance on track record to determine the outcomes of all but the very best applications is very like awarding prizes for past work and is significantly different from the models of grant selection that operate in comparable international research councils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Schmitt, Andreas Helmut [Verfasser]. "What do works councils do for employees? / Andreas Helmut Schmitt." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031120653/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Rohr, Selina. "German works councils - a model for South African workplace forums?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27532.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the introduction of workplace forums in South Africa in 1995 was to move away from adversarial bargaining to joint problem-solving and participation by employees on selected issues in order to advance economic development and global competitiveness, social justice, labour peace and the democratisation of the workplace. The drafters of the LRA based the workplace forum system inter alia on the positive and successful statutory employee participation structure in Germany, the works council system. Despite the fact that 22 years after the new LRA came into force there are only 3 workplace forums established in terms of the Act, the legislator still has not made any changes to the provisions yet. This dissertation compares the employee participation structures in South Africa with those in Germany and analyses potential changes - in theory and in praxis - to make the institution of the workplace forum more attractive both to trade unions and employers. The first two chapters give an overview of the statutory system of workplace forums in South Africa and works councils in Germany. The historical background of employee participation, the legal framework as well as the relationship between trade unions and the respective employee representation structure in each country will be discussed. Also, some of the reasons suggested in the literature for the failure of the workplace forum system will be set out. This leads to the third chapter which deals with the prerequisites, under which law can be transplanted from one legal system to another. This is of particular importance as the drafters of the LRA based chapter 5 on the works council system in Germany, adapting it to the South African background though. With reference to the first three chapters, the fourth chapter subsequently proposes several amendments to the LRA which can help in making the workplace forum more attractive for all affected parties. Some of the proposals stem from the positive German experience, others are specifically tailored to the South African context of adversarialism, high unemployment and an economic recession. Proposed amendments are for example: ● Facilitate the establishment of workplace forums by lowering the threshold of 100 employees and by allowing not only representative trade unions but also minority unions and employees to apply for the establishment of a forum. ● Workplace disputes should not be resolved by strikes but by a special dispute resolution mechanism like the German conciliation committee ('Einigungsstelle') to avoid an adversarial and confrontational climate on workplace level. ● Trade unions and workplace forums should be more clearly institutionally and structurally separated. Bargaining councils should be used for centralised bargaining to avoid plant level bargaining. There needs to be a clear demarcation of issues for collective bargaining and issues for workplace forums. In conclusion, this dissertation points out that legal systems emerge under different legal, social and economic circumstances and can therefore not blindly be transplanted from one legal system to another. The preconditions such as the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees, the economic and cultural climate as well as the labour market in South Africa was - at the time of the introduction of the new LRA - and still is completely different from the situation in Germany. Therefore, German provisions regarding works council cannot be transplanted into South African law without measuring them against the South African background. Whereas some German ideas can be adopted, other problematic issues can only be solved with unique South African solutions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ckagnazaroff, I. B. "Democratization of local government in Brazil : decentralisation and people's councils." Thesis, Aston University, 1993. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10871/.

Full text

Abstract:

This research studies two cases of implementation of alternative strategies for municipal government reform in Brazil, decentralisation and People's Councils. The aim is to answer the following general question: `Can decentralisation and People's Councils be a means for democratization of municipal government in Brazil?'. The hypothesis is that initiatives to reform Brazilian municipal governments face problems that are characteristic of the Brazilian political and administrative reality. These problems are considered obstacles for the development of those initiatives and accordingly, for democratization of municipal government in Brazil. After an introduction and outline in Chapter One, Chapter Two discusses four main theories concerning local government. Chapter Three discusses decentralisation and People's Councils are discussed in Chapter Four. Chapter Five presents a historical, political and economic overview of Brazil. Chapter Six deals with Brazilian Federalism and Municipal Government. The main aspects of the Municipal Government are presented as well as the development of municipal autonomy through the various Federal Constitutions and cases of People's Councils and decentralisation in municipalities in Brazil. Chapter Seven presents the political parties responsible for the initiatives, the PSDB (Brazilian Social Democratic Party) in the case of decentralisation, and the PT (Workers' Party) in the case of People's Councils. In Chapter Eight the research strategy and the data collection techniques are described. Chapters Nine and Ten present decentralisation implemented by the PSDB in Belo Horizonte, the Minas Gerais state capital and People's Councils introduced by the PT in the town of Ipatinga in the same state. Conclusions are presented in Chapter Eleven and include a comparison and discussion of the two cases. The thesis shows that these experiments with alternative strategies of local government face problems that are generally current in Brazilian political and administrative reality. Those problems are concerned with unwillingness to decentralise power, clientelism, low levels of participation of civil society and the `political' use of the structures implemented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Rentel, Alexander. "John Kantakouzenos and the Hesychast Councils of the fourteenth century." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ckagnazaroff, Ivan Beck. "Democratization of local government in Brazil decentralisation and People's Councils /." Online version, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.359363.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gould, Matthew. "An economic analysis of the Councils of the United Nations." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yqqv/an-economic-analysis-of-the-councils-of-the-united-nations.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis consists of three pieces of research focussed on the Councils of the United Nations, predominantly the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). We consider three broad questions: which countries typically get on to the UNSC in its current form; which countries ought to get on to the UNSC; and how well might proposed changes to the UNSC steer it towards such ideals. In order to address the latter two questions it is sensible to begin by investigating how the current system works and if there are any particular characteristics which influence the chances of a country being elected to the UNSC. In Chapter 2 we develop a model to test the significance of a country’s characteristics on their probability of election to the UNSC. Chapter 3 then starts by developing a set of theoretical tests which can be applied to council voting systems, such as the selection of UNSC members from the UN General Assembly. The tests score a voting system based on how well the distribution of power in the council meets the power one would expect under a system where country representatives cast their vote in the council based on the outcomes of country or regional-level referendums. We then apply this, using the implied probabilities of election which are a consequence of the results of Chapter 2, to the UNSC election process. We then finish by applying the tests of Chapter 3, which consider how equitable a proposal is, together with a further test of procedural efficiency, to each of the proposed reforms to the UNSC election process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Roman, Alessandro <1993&gt. "Fiscal Councils: organismi essenziali per la credibilità della politica fiscale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16348.

Full text

Abstract:

Il dissesto finanziario scoppiato nel biennio 2007-2008 negli Stati Uniti, oltre a contagiare l’economia reale, mostra le fragilità strutturali ed istituzionali insite nel processo d’integrazione europea. La presa di coscienza dell’assoggettamento del potere sovrano statuale alle attese dei mercati finanziari, promuove una profonda riflessione sulla mancanza di credibilità dei decisori politici nel perseguire attivamente la disciplina fiscale e la sostenibilità delle finanze pubbliche. In tal senso, l’emblematica questione greca porta in auge all’analisi delle determinanti della crisi il fenomeno dei deficit bias, ovvero la tendenza verso elevati disavanzi pubblici. L’Unione, minacciata dal possibile default di un Paese membro, da un lato predispone strumenti temporanei finalizzati ad evitare il collasso della costruzione comunitaria, dall’altro avvia una profonda revisione della governance fiscale europea. Proprio in tale ambito si inserisce il tema degli organismi indipendenti di bilancio quali istituzioni necessarie a completare il nuovo assetto eurounitario. Istituiti da tempo in alcuni paesi occidentali, i fiscal councils presentano configurazioni profondamente disomogenee che ne rendono difficile un inquadramento generale. Nel nostro Paese, l’introduzione dell’Ufficio parlamentare di bilancio arricchisce l’armamentario per limitare la discrezionalità del policy maker al fine di rafforzare la disciplina di bilancio e garantire la piena trasparenza dei conti pubblici.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Councils'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles