Academic literature on the topic 'Council of Paris (824)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Council of Paris (824)"
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Kauhanen, Katri. "From Seoul to Paris." positions: asia critique 28, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 575–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8315140.
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The Korean National Council of Women, a women’s organization established in 1959, has received criticism in Korean literature for its collaboration with the authoritarian regimes that ruled South Korea for decades. This article, however, argues for a different kind of interpretation. The Korean National Council of Women came together to join the International Council of Women, a major international women’s organization that was looking for new affiliations in the recently decolonized parts of Asia and Africa in the midst of Cold War competition. Thus, we should view the existence of the Korean National Council of Women in the framework of transnational women’s activism and how the Cold War shaped it. After outlining the connections made between South Korean women and the International Council of Women, the article analyzes the projects proposed by the Korean National Council of Women under the anti-communist authoritarian regime. Based on archival research in South Korea and Belgium, this article argues that instead of following rules from above, the Korean National Council of Women negotiated a way to combine the advancement of women’s issues with the development of the nation. The International Council of Women, while criticizing communist women for their close relationship with the state, celebrated the achievements its South Korean affiliate made as a state-registered organization.
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Tironi, Martín. "Building infrastructure for mobility: the case of self-service bicycle programs in Paris." Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 11, no. 1 (March 8, 2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.824.
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Guery, Alain. "Daniel Dessert, Argent, pouvoir et société au grand siècle, Paris, Fayard, 1984, 824 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 41, no. 5 (October 1986): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900074448.
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Baker, D. James. "The IOC Executive Council Meeting, Paris, March 1988." Oceanography 1, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.1988.40.
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Naeem, Anila. "17th ICOMOS General Assembly, Paris, France." International Journal of Cultural Property 19, no. 4 (November 2012): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s094073911200032x.
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The 17th General Assembly of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) took place at the UNESCO Headquarters, Paris (France), from 27 November to 2 December 2011, under the high patronage of Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO, and Nicolas Sarkozy, President of the French Republic. The events included meetings of the Advisory and Executive Committees, the Scientific Council, International Scientific Committees (ISCs); the Scientific Symposium; and the General Assembly. According to the ICOMOS official report, this conference had a record attendance of 1200 registered participants, representing 106 countries and 77 National Committees. The generous grants offered to National Committees through the ICOMOS Victoria Falls Fund and the Getty Foundation made it possible for 63 professionals from 47 countries to attend the event.
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Editors. "International Science Council holds first General Assembly in Paris." New Zealand Science Review 75, no. 1 (August 21, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzsr.v75i1.7868.
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Hawiz, Hamzeh, and Hiwa Sharif. "Paris Conference (Near Eastern Council) 1992 in The Peshkawtn Newspaper." Journal of Garmian University 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2023): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10305.
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Santoso, Arief Budi. "PERAN DAN STRATEGI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH (STUDI KASUS) BMT SYARIAH ATTAQWA & BMT IKHTIAR." KEBERLANJUTAN 3, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/keberlanjutan.v3i1.y2018.p802-824.
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AbstractThe aim of this research is to know the role and Strategy of syaria cooperation as a finance institution in Indonesia. The research object are BMT At-Taqwa and BMT Ikhtiar. The research method used in this research are qualitative research, descriptive analysis by interviewing some of employees. By using data collection technique such as interviewing and observing primary informant (BMT At-Taqwa and BMT Ikhtiar Management) and secondary informant (Sharia Supervisory Council) for data validity.The result of this research showed that there were many fungtions from syaria cooperation to help people in Indonesia based on Islamic rules. Those adjustments can be seen from the steps of sharia strategic management taken from islam rules start from strategy formulating, strategy implementing, and strategy evaluating. The indicators of this research are the process of strategic management done by BMT At-Taqwa and Ikhtiar adjusted to J. David Hunger concept and Thomas L.Wheelen by looking forward from the evaluation. Keywords : Sharia Cooperation, Finance Institution
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Bernheim, J., and V. Cambi. "The Council Meeting of EDTA-ERA, Paris, France, March 17, 1996." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 11, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027483.
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Bernheim, Jacques, and Vincenzo Cambi. "The Council Meeting of EDTA-ERA, Paris, France, March 17, 1996." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 11, no. 6 (June 1996): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/11.6.1182.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Council of Paris (824)"
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Scogin, Katie Elizabeth. "Britain and the Supreme Economic Council 1919." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332330/.
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This dissertation attempts to determine what Britain expected from participation in the Supreme Economic Council (SEC) of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and to what extent its expectations were realized. An investigation of available sources reveals that access to European markets and raw materials and a balance of power to prevent French, German, or Russian hegemony in Europe were British foreign policy goals that SEC delegates sought to advance.
Primary sources for this study include unpublished British Foreign Office and Cabinet records, published British, United States, and German government documents, unpublished personal papers of people directing SEC efforts, such as David Lloyd George, Austen Chamberlain, Cecil Harmsworth, Harry Osborne Mance, and John Maynard Keynes, and published memoirs and accounts of persons who were directly or indirectly involved with the SEC. Secondary accounts include biographies and histories or studies of the Peace Conference and of countries affected by its work.
Primarily concerned with the first half of 1919, this dissertation focuses on British participation in Inter-allied war-time economic efforts, in post-war Rhineland control, in the creation of the SEC, and in the SEC endeavors of revictualling Germany, providing food and medical relief for eastern Europe, and reconstructing European communications. It concludes with Britain's role in the attempt to convert the SEC into an International Economic Council in the last half of 1919 and with the transfer of SEC duties to the Reparations Commission and to the League of Nations.
Through participation in the SEC, Britain led in negotiating the Brussels Agreement and in establishing the Rhineland Commission and the German Economic Commission, reversing French attempts to control the Rhenish economy, preventing French hegemony in Europe, and gaining access to German markets for British goods. Although it failed to achieve its goals of strong eastern European states and access to markets and raw materials there, Britain led in restoration of communications and participated in the relief effort which saved the new states from anarchy in 1919.
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Rollet, Jacques-Hubert. "Henri Rollet : historien de l’Action catholique et chrétien engagé." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040047.
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Étudiant en histoire à La Sorbonne, Henri Rollet (1917-2003) découvre l’action sociale de l’Église, grâce à Mgr Chaptal, évêque auxiliaire de Paris. Sa responsabilité de « patron » dans l’industrie ne l’empêche pas, en 1948, de soutenir une thèse de doctorat qui retrace l’action sociale des catholiques en France (1871-1901). Dès l’année suivante, il est nommé président du Secrétariat Social de Paris. Plus tard il deviendra président national, puis international de l’action catholique des hommes, auditeur laïc au Concile Vatican II, et ensuite président de l’Institut Catholique de Paris. Pendant cette période, il écrit plusieurs ouvrages souvent historiques sur le rôle des catholiques sociaux, rédige beaucoup d’articles, donne de très nombreuses conférences. C’est essentiellement à partir des informations et commentaires donnés par la presse sur ses livres, articles, et conférences, que l’on peut découvrir le comportement, les opinions, et les prises de position de ce laïc engagé. Comment, au cours de cette deuxième partie du XX° siècle, a-t-il conçu et exercé sa mission de laïc engagé ? Comment a-t-il porté témoignage de sa foi, en France, mais également dans d’autres pays ? Comment a-t-il milité pour donner au laïc un rôle plus important au sein de l’Église ? Comme on le verra, un certain nombre de sujets énoncés il y a cinquante ans, sont encore d’actualité ! À partir des documents retrouvés, ce travail tente de répondre à ces questions, en montrant toute l’importance et l’actualité de la Doctrine Sociale de l’ÉgliseWhile studying history at the Sorbonne, Henri Rollet (1917-2003) discovered the Church’s social teaching through Emmanuel Chaptal, an auxiliary bishop of Paris. Though he was an industry manager, he nevertheless submitted a doctoral thesis in 1948 on how Catholics had engaged with French society between 1871 and 1901. The following year, he was appointed President of the Secrétariat Social de Paris. Later he would become national President and then international President of Catholic Action for men, a lay auditor at Vatican II, and then president of the Institut Catholique de Paris. During this period he wrote several works on the role of socially engaged Catholics, mostly of a historical kind, as well as many articles; and he gave numerous conferences. It is essentially though press reports and commentaries on his books, articles and talks that one can discover who this committed lay person was: his attitudes, his opinions, the stands he took. How did this committed lay person conceive and carry out his mission in the second half of the 20th century? How did he bear witness to his faith, not only in France but also in other countries? How did he struggle to give the lay person a more significant role within the Church? As will be seen, a number of topics worked through fifty years ago are still all too relevant. Drawing on newly discovered documents, this study attempts to answer these questions, while bringing out the full importance and relevance of Catholic Social Teaching
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Williamson, Myra Elsie Jane Bell. "Terrorism, war and international law: the legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2594.
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The thesis examines the international law pertaining to the use of force by states, in general, and to the use of force in self-defence, in particular. The main question addressed is whether the use of force, which was purported to be in self-defence, by the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies against al Qaeda, the Taliban and Afghanistan, beginning on 7 October 2001, was lawful. The thesis focuses not only on this specific use of force, but also on the changing nature of conflict, the definition of terrorism and on the historical evolution of limitations on the use of force, from antiquity until 2006. In the six chapters which trace the epochs of international law, the progression of five inter-related concepts is followed: limitations on the resort to force generally, the use of force in self-defence, pre-emptive self-defence, the use of forcible measures short of war, and the use of force in response to non-state actors. This historical analysis includes a particular emphasis on understanding the meaning of the 'inherent right of self-defence', which was preserved by Article 51 of the United Nations' Charter. This analysis is then applied to the use of force against Afghanistan which occurred in 2001. Following the terrorist attacks of 11 September, the US and the UK notified the United Nations Security Council of their resort to force in self-defence under Article 51. Each element of Article 51 is analysed and the thesis concludes that there are significant doubts as to the lawfulness of that decision to employ force. In addition to the self-defence justification, other possible grounds for intervention are also examined, such as humanitarian intervention, Security Council authorisation and intervention by invitation. This thesis challenges the common assumption that the use of force against Afghanistan was an example of states exercising their inherent right to self-defence. It argues that if this particular use of force is not challenged, it will lead to an expansion of the right of self-defence which will hinder rather than enhance international peace and security. Finally, this thesis draws on recent examples to illustrate the point that the use of force against Afghanistan could become a dangerous precedent for the use of force in self-defence.
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Rollet, Jacques-Hubert. "Henri Rollet : historien de l’Action catholique et chrétien engagé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040047.
Full textAbstract:
Étudiant en histoire à La Sorbonne, Henri Rollet (1917-2003) découvre l’action sociale de l’Église, grâce à Mgr Chaptal, évêque auxiliaire de Paris. Sa responsabilité de « patron » dans l’industrie ne l’empêche pas, en 1948, de soutenir une thèse de doctorat qui retrace l’action sociale des catholiques en France (1871-1901). Dès l’année suivante, il est nommé président du Secrétariat Social de Paris. Plus tard il deviendra président national, puis international de l’action catholique des hommes, auditeur laïc au Concile Vatican II, et ensuite président de l’Institut Catholique de Paris. Pendant cette période, il écrit plusieurs ouvrages souvent historiques sur le rôle des catholiques sociaux, rédige beaucoup d’articles, donne de très nombreuses conférences. C’est essentiellement à partir des informations et commentaires donnés par la presse sur ses livres, articles, et conférences, que l’on peut découvrir le comportement, les opinions, et les prises de position de ce laïc engagé. Comment, au cours de cette deuxième partie du XX° siècle, a-t-il conçu et exercé sa mission de laïc engagé ? Comment a-t-il porté témoignage de sa foi, en France, mais également dans d’autres pays ? Comment a-t-il milité pour donner au laïc un rôle plus important au sein de l’Église ? Comme on le verra, un certain nombre de sujets énoncés il y a cinquante ans, sont encore d’actualité ! À partir des documents retrouvés, ce travail tente de répondre à ces questions, en montrant toute l’importance et l’actualité de la Doctrine Sociale de l’ÉgliseWhile studying history at the Sorbonne, Henri Rollet (1917-2003) discovered the Church’s social teaching through Emmanuel Chaptal, an auxiliary bishop of Paris. Though he was an industry manager, he nevertheless submitted a doctoral thesis in 1948 on how Catholics had engaged with French society between 1871 and 1901. The following year, he was appointed President of the Secrétariat Social de Paris. Later he would become national President and then international President of Catholic Action for men, a lay auditor at Vatican II, and then president of the Institut Catholique de Paris. During this period he wrote several works on the role of socially engaged Catholics, mostly of a historical kind, as well as many articles; and he gave numerous conferences. It is essentially though press reports and commentaries on his books, articles and talks that one can discover who this committed lay person was: his attitudes, his opinions, the stands he took. How did this committed lay person conceive and carry out his mission in the second half of the 20th century? How did he bear witness to his faith, not only in France but also in other countries? How did he struggle to give the lay person a more significant role within the Church? As will be seen, a number of topics worked through fifty years ago are still all too relevant. Drawing on newly discovered documents, this study attempts to answer these questions, while bringing out the full importance and relevance of Catholic Social Teaching
Books on the topic "Council of Paris (824)"
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Intergovernmental Council for the General Information Programme. Session. Final report: Intergovernmental Council for the General Information Programme, fifth session, Paris, 19-23 November 1984. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1985.
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International Hydrological Programme. Intergovernmental Council. Session. International Hydrological Programme (IHP): Ninth session of the Intergovernmental Council, Paris, 19-24 March 1990 : final report. Paris: Unesco, 1990.
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International Hydrological Programme. Intergovernmental Council. Session. International Hydrological Programme (IHP): Eighth Session of the Intergovernmental Council, Paris, 21-25 June 1988 : final report. [Paris]: [Unesco], 1989.
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International Hydrological Programme. Intergovernmental Council. Session. International Hydrological Programme (IHP): Seventh Session of the Intergovernmental Council Paris, 18-23 June 1986 : final report. Paris: Unesco, 1986.
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Unesco and International Hydrological Programme, eds. International Hydrological Programme (IHP), tenth session of the Intergovernmental Council, Paris 6-11 July 1992: Final report. Paris: Unesco, 1992.
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International Council for Archaeozoology. Conference. Proceedings of the general session of the 11th International Council for Archaeozoology Conference (Paris, 23-28 August 2010). Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012.
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Christine, Lefèvre, ed. Proceedings of the general session of the 11th International Council for Archaeozoology Conference (Paris, 23-28 August 2010). Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012.
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Session, Intergovernmental Council for the General Information Programme. Final report: Intergovernmental Council for the General Information Programme (ninth session), UNESCO House, Paris, Room X, 16-19 November 1992. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1992.
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International Programme for the Development of Communication. Intergovernmental Council. Session. Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication, (Eighth Session), Paris, 20-26 January 1987: Final report. Paris: Unesco, 1987.
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International Programme for the Development of Communication . Intergovernmental Council. Session. Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication, (Twelth Session), Paris, 11-18 February 1991: Final report. Paris: Unesco, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Council of Paris (824)"
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Keynes, John Maynard. "The Council of Four, Paris, 1919." In Essays in Biography, 3–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59074-2_1.
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Nayral, Mélissa. "The Emergence of an Autonomous Political Arena in Ouvéa: An Ethnography of Its Local Council." In Geographies of New Caledonia-Kanaky, 203–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49140-5_16.
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AbstractThe sessions of the Ouvéa local council attract the ethnographer’s attention because of the discrepancy between their discussions and local daily life on the island. On the one hand, these sessions look like any other local council sessions, including those of metropolitan France. But on the other, they also present various peculiarities characteristic of Ouvéa’s social and cultural context.As elsewhere in the world, the organisation of political power observed and experienced during local council sessions is not simple. On the contrary, it exhibits hybrid characteristics from both a French institutional republican political world and from the so-called Kanak customary political universe. This chapter explores what J.-M. Tjibaou named “colonisation within the Republic” (Tjibaou, La présence Kanak. O. Jacob, Paris, 1996) by exploring this aspect of hybridity in a case study based on a long-term ethnography of local political practices and, more particularly, of the local council sessions held between 2007 and 2010.
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Fabre, Pierre-Antoine. "Une théorie en mouvement: Lainez et les «images» entre Paris et Trente (1562–1563)." In The Council of Trent: Reform and Controversy in Europe and Beyond (1545-1700), 9–30. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666551093.9.
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Ruane, Kevin. "A Parting of the Ways: the Bermuda Conference and the Paris NATO Council, December 1953." In The Rise and Fall of the European Defence Community, 53–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599086_4.
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Mallinson, Jonathan. "13. 1936–39: Pottery for a Troubled World." In William Moorcroft, Potter, 291–326. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0349.13.
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Moorcroft’s reputation as a designer continued to grow in these years. His newly launched SunRay tea ware attracted the attention of the influential Council for Art and Industry, and was selected for exhibition both at home and abroad as a model of progressive design. But Moorcroft was openly critical of what he saw as the CAI’s narrow appreciation of his work. He asserted his independence in a letter to The Times, criticising the CAI’s selection criteria for the British display at the International Exhibition of Art and Technology in Paris, 1937, and provocatively exhibited his own selection of decorative pieces in the International Pavilion. His exhibit inspired an article in La Revue moderne which identified in his work a timeless moral value, a particularly significant response at a time when culture was becoming increasingly politicised in Europe. Not coincidentally, he publicised the prominent display of his work in the culturally tolerant Deutsches Museum in Munich, a gesture all the more eloquent as politically motivated exhibitions of National Socialist and of Degenerate Art were taking place less than a mile away at just this time. Moorcroft’s work was appreciated for what one critic called its ‘real truth’; his international reputation as a ceramic artist had never been higher. This double success as designer and artist was unparalleled at a time when the gulf between industrial and studio production was at its deepest. And it doubtless inspired Blackie to invite Moorcroft to write a book on his work; it would have followed publications by two of the most influential potters and instructors of the time, Gordon Forsyth and Dora Billington, who had each recently examined from different perspectives the future relationship of studio pottery and industrial design. The project, though, was barely begun, and only jottings survive which sketch out some of his guiding principles, not least his commitment to integrity in design. Moorcroft’s exhibition at the New York World’s Fair of 1939 again drew the attention of the national press. Ledgers indicate that his sales income was also steadily rising, although not by enough to completely offset the relentless increase in costs. The declaration of war would bring its own problems.
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Watson, Sethina. "Carolingian Claims and Innovations." In On Hospitals, 162–216. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847533.003.0006.
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How, then, was this Western form accommodated in Carolingian law and practice? This chapter explores the jurisdictions under which xenodochia sat and traces the development of mechanisms in Lombardy, Rome, and Francia to guard and police these facilities. It explores, first, the many potestates under which xenodochia might rest. Since the council of Chalcedon (451), the church had declined to take welfare houses under an ecclesiastical jurisdiction, depriving bishops of any general supervisory authority. This created unusual challenges for the palace, bishops, and councils, who had to craft means to prompt into action and admonish the many different people who were responsible for individual welfare foundations. The chapter then identifies initiatives to formulate statements in law and even policies for xenodochia. Most significant was a programme of reform laid down at the council of Olona (825) under Wala, abbot of Corbie, the product of Frankish agendas and Lombard practice. This initiative was then taken to Rome where Eugenius II fashioned a papal response in 826. The silence of councils in Western Francia was finally broken at Meaux-Paris in 845/6, where the early work of the Pseudo-Isidorian forgers is here detected. In its wake, the last Frankish councils offer several bold statements regarding hospitals.
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Deighton, Anne. "The Paris Council, April–July 1946." In The Impossible Peace, 81–102. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278986.003.0005.
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Met, Philippe, and Derek Schilling. "Introduction." In Screening the Paris suburbs. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526106858.003.0001.
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On the heels of the international hit La Haine (Hate, Mathieu Kassovitz, 1995), France at the close of the millennium saw a spate of bold, self-styled ‘hood’ films set in suburban council estates that critics were prompt to name – justifiably so – ‘films de banlieue’ (...
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Popp-Madsen, Benjamin Ask. "Political Theory of Council Democracy from Bakunin to Luxemburg." In Visions of Council Democracy, 44–72. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456319.003.0002.
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The chapter reconstructs the intellectual history of council democracy from early anarchist interpretations of the Paris Commune over Karl Marx famous analysis of the Commune in The Civil War in France and Vladimir Lenin’s writings on the Russian Soviets to the Interwar council communists’ engagement with the German workers’ councils. The chapter argues, firstly, that Marx’ interpretation of the Commune sets the parameter for many subsequent theories of council democracy, and secondly, that Lenin’s analysis of the Russian soviets delivers an alternative theory of council democracy, insofar as he subordinates the councils to the Bolshevik party. The chapter ends with a preliminary discussion of the relation between the historical councils, theories of council democracy and the concept of the constituent power.
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Kirchmeier, Felix, and Yves Lador. "From Copenhagen to Paris at the UN Human Rights Council." In Routledge Handbook of Human Rights and Climate Governance, 145–64. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315312576-10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Council of Paris (824)"
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Jankovič, Michal. "Attitudes of a Selected Group of Consumers to Car Electrification." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.216-225.
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"In order to achieve the EU's goal of climate neutrality by 2050, in line with the objectives of the Paris Agreement, the EU must increase its ambitions for the coming decade and update its climate and energy policy framework. To this end, the European Council endorses the EU's binding 2030 domestic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% compared to 1990." These are the conclusions of the European Council from December 2020. As part of EU action, it calls on car makers to increase the share of electric cars by reducing quotas for maximum CO2 emissions. Our article deals with the causes and factors that prompted these steps and examines the attitude of the selected group to these steps.
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Frisk, Lis. "A structural analysis: Designing our way into sustainability." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.1040.
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<p>With the average global temperature on the rise sustainable solutions are needed to combat climate change. The Paris Agreement was created to keep the average global temperature below a 2°C increase from pre-industrial levels. New Zealand, signatory to the Paris Agreement, has new legislation on a Zero Carbon Amendment Act to reduce all emissions to net carbon zero by 2050. 20% of all carbon emissions in New Zealand, half derived from construction and materials (embodied carbon), are from buildings.</p><p>The New Zealand Green Building Council (NZGBC) published a Zero Carbon Road Map to achieve the 2050 goal, including reducing embodied carbon 20% by 2025. Considering the structure alone, using sustainable materials can be challenging to apply to a project due to industry standards and code requirements. One method, discussed in this paper, can be implemented immediately, which is to study how different framing methods affect the amount of embodied carbon in the superstructure and substructure for a potential reduction of up to 20%.</p>
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Meisyara, S. L., F. D. Saragih, and B. Y. Nugroho. "The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Job Satisfaction with Employee Engagement as a Mediating Variable: Study on State Civil Apparatus (ASN) at Secretariat of Presidential Advisory Council." In 1st Paris Van Java International Seminar on Health, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (PVJ-ISHESSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210304.128.
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Mihai, Carmen, Madalina Alice Rus, Alexandra Gabriela Ene, and Razvan Scarlat. "Digital construction of the signaling/ rescue system located in coastal aquatic areas." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.12.
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For signaling and rescue, at international level, modular systems made of composite structures are used, which ensure the maintaining at the water surface of them, in a fixed point, in any meteorological conditions etc. According to the diversity of activities carried out in the marine and/ or river sector and depending on them, worldwide signaling systems are applied: for the safety of navigation, for data recording and processing activities and for the marking of ecological protection areas (National Strategy for Sustainable Development of Romania 2030, 2017; La Depeche, 2014). For this last category, the signaling of the navigable channel is made in accordance with the "Basic Regulations for Navigation on the Danube" edited by the Danube Commission, 1991 edition, Budapest, while for the maritime buoyage system the IALA agreement is used, concluded in Paris, on the 15th April 1982 and involves the use of floats and buoys made of composite materials. The work aims to create a digital signaling/ rescue system applied in the coastal aquatic area (Council Regulation (EC) No. 509/2006; Decision No. 1600/2002/EC). In this respect, using FEM modelling, the geometric domain was defined, the composite structure of which the system is made was modeled, the structure with finite elements was generated (discretization, properties modelling, specific finite elements obtaining), the constraints and loads were modeled and finally, in the post-processing stage, the results (deformation, Von Mises stress, displacements) were visualized and studied
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Font, Xavier, and Carlos Luján. "Bodies and trailers effect on CO2 emissions '“ a regulatory proposal for Europe." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-epv-074.
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With the climatic change already classified by some governments and organizations as a climatic emergency, and with the aim of fulfilling the acquired compromises, such as the Paris agreement, European Union is developing several measures in order to reduce the CO2 emissions. One of the main contributors to CO2 emissions in Europe is the fleet of freight vehicles which are on the European roads daily, with a 25% of the total amount of CO2 emissions emitted by road transports. The EU has already tackled a big part of the problem, with the entry into force of regulations defining strict CO2 limits for passenger cars (WLTP cycle), as well as for trucks (VECTO). EU strategy is still ongoing, with different proposals for the extension of the scope of these measures, not only to include additional categories of vehicles, but also to evaluate the effect of innovative technologies on the fuel efficiency of those vehicles. One of those proposals is the extension of the scope of regulation (EU)2017/2400 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 so as to include the effect of bodies for completed vehicles and trailers or semitrailers in the global efficiency of trucks. As a result of a public call for tenders from DG-CLIMA on the subject “Bodies and trailers – development of CO2 emissions determination procedure”, IDIADA, in association with Graz University of Technology and Transport & Mobility Leuven NV has defined a methodology to consider the effect of bodies and trailers on CO2 emissions. This paper will focus on the analysis of the different existing regulatory schemes worldwide that has been used as a starting point for the definition of the methodology. Furthermore, a comparison between such existing schemes and the proposed methodology is presented, considering the particularities of the European fleet of commercial vehicles. Finally, an overview of the next steps of the European union with regards to the introduction of such proposal as part of the European regulatory Framework will be analyzed.
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Куцева, Е. А. "Activities of Loménie de Brienne, Head of The Royal Council of Finance of France, in the summer of 1787." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.012.
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В статье на основе законодательной базы, документации парламентов и материалов французской и европейской прессы рассматривается положение во Франции летом 1787 г., когда правительство во главе с Ломени де Бриенном в результате финансового кризиса вынуждено проводить серию реформ, направленных как на пополнение бюджета, так и на общее развитие страны. За короткий период были разработаны и проведены ряд реформ. Первой становится административная реформа, с введением провинциальных собраний, цель которых помощь правительству на местах, уточнение количества налогоплательщиков и пропорциональное распределение налогов. Разрабатывается как документация по введению провинциальных собраний для каждой провинции отдельно, так и общий регламент с уточненными функциями собраний. И с лета 1787 г. собрания начинают свою деятельность. Они были созданы на основе принципа выборности для улучшения действия королевской власти на местах. Учреждая новые органы власти, правительство оставило прежнюю администрацию, создав еще более громоздкий механизм управления. Для развития торговли были введены меры по введению свободной торговли зерном и замены натуральной дорожной повинности денежным налогом. Для пополнения бюджета власти планировали введения новых налогов – гербового сбора и поземельного налога, распространенного на все земли Франции без исключения. Но так как новые налоги затрагивали интересы привилегированных сословий, они встретили сопротивление парламента, который используя право регистрации эдиктов, тормозил их введения. Власти в ответ применили принцип Королевского заседания, когда в присутствии короля парламент обязан зарегистрировать эдикты. Но парламент даже после этого сопротивлялся, считая регистрацию недействительной. Начинается конфликт между королем и парламентом, который закончился ссылкой парламента в Труа. Осознав, что власти не намерены возвращать парламентариев в Париж, в конце августа – начале сентября начинаются переговоры между парламентариями и правительством, их итогом стала отмена введения новых налогов и возвращения старых, до этого отмененных, – двух двацатин. Таким образом, летом 1787 г. правительство проводит ряд реформ, но введения новых налогов вскрывает конфликт между правительством и парламентом. Именно тогда выдвигается идея созыва Генеральных штатов, которые и приведут Францию к революции 1789 г. The article, based on the legislative framework, documentation of parliaments and materials from the French and European press, examines the situation in France in summer of 1787, when the government led by Loménie de Brienne was forced to carry out a series of reforms as a result of the financial crisis, aimed both at replenishing the budget and for the overall development of the country. In a short period, a number of reforms have been developed and implemented. The first is the administrative reform, with the introduction of Provincial Assemblies, the purpose of which is to help the local government, clarify the number of taxpayers and establish proportional distribution of taxes. Documentation is being developed for the introduction of Provincial Assemblies for each province separately, as well as general regulations with clarified functions of assemblies. And beginning from summer of 1787, the meetings started their activities. These assemblies were created on the basis of the principle of election to improve the functioning of the royal power in the field. In establishing new authorities, the government abandoned the old administration, creating an even more cumbersome mechanism of governance. For the development of trade, measures were introduced to provide free trade in grain and to replace in-kind road service with a cash tax. To replenish the budget, the authorities planned the introduction of new taxes – the stamp duty and the land tax, extended to all the lands of France without exception. But since the new taxes had affected the interests of the privileged estates, they met the resistance of the Parliament, which, using the right to register edicts, hampered their introduction. In response, the authorities applied the principle of the Royal meeting, when in the presence of the king, parliament is obliged to register edicts. But even after that the Parliament resisted, considering the registration invalid. A conflict between the king and parliament once begun ended with the exile of parliament to Troyes. Realizing that the authorities did not intend to return the parliamentarians to Paris, in late August – early September, negotiations began between the parliamentarians and the government, their result was the abolition of the introduction of new taxes and the return of old taxes of two twenty, previously canceled. Thus, in summer of 1787, the government carried out a series of reforms, but the introduction of new taxes opened up a conflict between the government and Parliament. It was then that the idea of convening the States General was put forward, which would lead France to the revolution of 1789.
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Egbeyemi, Abdurrafii, Amobichukwu Jude Eke, and Aminu Abba Yahaya. "Examining the Carbon Trading Potential in Nigerian Oil Fields." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207100-ms.
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Abstract Nigeria holds reserves circa 200 TCF of gas, the largest gas reserve in Africa. With this comes the challenge of managing the environmental impacts of flaring associated with oil production. The Federal Government of Nigeria in recognition of the urgency to address the growing environmental concerns attending gas flaring in Nigeria and response to its commitment made further to the endorsement of UNFCC's Paris Agreement and the Zero Routine Flaring by 2030 initiative by the World Bank declared a national flare out target of 2020. In 2016, the Federal Executive Council approved the implementation of the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Programme (NGFCP) which was the flagship programme for the implementation of the Government's flare-out policy. The programme seeks to, via a competitive and transparent bid process, grant the right to access the gas at the flare-stack. The issues of relevance to this study include – The development and subsequent enactment of new regulations guiding the treatment of flare gas in Nigerian oilfields – The regulations implemented a new flare payment regime adopting the polluter pays principle which internalized to a significant extent the environmental cost of flaring thereby motivating a behavioral change by operators. Also, the recognition of the carbon benefits that will follow the implementation of projects under the NGFCP and the stance of the government that any such benefits will be vested in the state. This study examines the carbon trading potentials of flare gas in Nigeria. This is key because players in the sector now seek all revenue opportunities that accrue to the implementation of flare down/ out project. In doing so, Carbon benefits now feature among potential revenue streams. This study models several composition scenarios to quantify the extent (if any) of any such benefits. The study also examines gas use cases and their carbon sequestration potentials to create a realistic band estimating the carbon benefits that will emanate from all use scenarios.
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Lamborn, Lyndon, Greg Nelson, and Genevieve Stilwell. "Near Neutral pH Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Model Evaluation: PipeOnline™." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9268.
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Abstract The pipeline industry has long sought a unified near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking (NNpHSCC) growth model, which fully describes salient growth elements. In response to this gap, the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) has funded a multi-year research project, partnering with the University of Alberta (Project SCC-2-12). With the project nearing completion, application of the proposed near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking growth model to two operating pipelines with known populations of stress corrosion crack features is presented. The remaining life of each crack feature detected by crack in-line inspection tools, under known loading, is calculated for two segments of operating pipelines in North America. The PRCI developed model, referred to as PipeOnline™, is compared to the legacy Enbridge linear growth and Paris Law models. A calibration technique for correcting the length and depth of the ILI feature calls provided by the in-line inspection vendor is reviewed, which takes into account tool tolerance and corrects length and depth to more closely match field findings. Efficiency improvements gleaned from this calibration technique are illustrated. While this calibration methodology is unique to the pipeline operator, the method is reviewed to allow other operators to readily implement the technique if it is found to be warranted. The PipeOnline model is tested for the post-calibration dimensions and compared to the legacy growth model. Each of the required inputs is defined, and methods of quantification are shown. Negligible growth thresholds are reviewed, and the truncation of stress cycles below the growth threshold is discussed. The strategy of deployment is shown, along with the proportion of features that are predicted to remain in dormancy. Methods to account for mean stresses and load application frequency are presented. The resulting PipeOnline re-inspection interval is compared to that predicted by typical existing growth models and then contrasted with excavation results on the asset. Calibration of the governing equation coefficients with rationale for each term is proposed for the pipeline segments examined in the study, and recommendations made for potential implementation for other operators, along with follow-on research.
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Tiku, Sanjay, Morvarid Ghovanlou, Aaron Dinovitzer, Mark Piazza, and T. A. Jones. "Full Scale Test Validation of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Flaws in ERW Pipe." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9705.
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Abstract While the general fracture mechanics principles and methodologies for calculating fatigue lives are well documented and validated, their application in the prediction of pipeline system fatigue lives differed from field experience. The source and magnitude of the conservatism inherent in the calculated fatigue life estimates are an important element when establishing integrity management programs. Of particular interest are the fatigue life estimates used in integrity management programs for electric resistance welded (ERW) pipeline systems that may have pipe seam anomalies oriented along the pipe axis. BMT Canada Ltd (BMT) was contracted by Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) to develop a pipeline material fatigue crack growth database and conduct full scale cyclic pressure fatigue tests to develop improved crack growth rate parameters. A pipeline material fatigue crack growth database was developed using 185 fatigue crack growth rate tests on 45 pipeline materials ranging in grade from X46 to X70 and in vintage from 1937 to 2014. The database included fatigue crack growth rate tests on 18 pipe body base materials (BM) and 27 ERW weld seam materials at two different, stress ratios (R), of R-ratio = 0.1 and R-ratio = 0.6. The sampled crack growth rates observed in the pipeline steels, tested in the project were 2 to 3 times lower than the crack growth rates recommended in BS 7910. This paper presents the proposed power (Paris) law fatigue crack growth equation parameters, C and m, developed in the study. Two full-scale cyclic pressure tests were carried out to validate the use of recommended crack growth rate parameters. Axial flaws were machined in the pipe body and weld center line (WCL). Fifty-one (51) flaws of different lengths and depths were machined. The crack growth rates were monitored during the cyclic pressure tests by recording crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD). The calibration curves for correlating CMODs with crack depths were developed and validated against finite element (FE) analysis. The fatigue crack growth rates observed in the full-scale tests were then compared with existing BS 7910 and API 579 formulations. The comparison confirmed that the BS 7910 approach results in very conservative estimates of fatigue crack growth rates for axial flaws. The BS 7910 stress intensity factor formulation overestimated the bulging correction for axially oriented flaws. The API 579 fracture mechanics-based fatigue crack growth formulation combined with crack growth rate parameters developed in this program provided improved estimates for fatigue life. The fatigue crack growth rates for line pipe and ERW weld seams developed in this project were shown to be less conservative and better predictors for fatigue crack growth and represent a valuable tool for pipeline integrity management. The use of this information will enable pipeline operators to focus remedial actions on features that have the lowest estimated fatigue lives.
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Canina, Marita, Daniela Amandolese, and Carmen Bruno. "Design for Sustainable Behaviour to design an Adaptive Climbing Wall." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001885.
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In recent years, Europe has been moving towards a concept of inclusivity as highlighted by the sixteenth goal of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Agenda that promotes peaceful and inclusive societies. (UN Dept. of Global Communications, 2015). The increasing awareness of social diversity has attracted the attention of designers who started to adopt an inclusive design approach and design products or services to be usable by as many people as reasonably possible, without the need for specialised adaptions. The inclusive design approach has been largely applied in adaptive sports to improve levels of functioning and independence in daily living activities and increase physical capability, physiological capacity, social status, and sense of belonging. Adaptive sports can become a way to promote involvement as an active part of the rehabilitation exercise to stimulate neuromotor recovery, particularly in children with disabilities (Canina et al., 2020). Recent research has demonstrated that climbing could be an excellent rehabilitation tool that involves the child with disabilities in a natural way. This sport exploits the propensity to play, to sport, to compete, to stimulate the execution of specific exercises, can transform this effort into a game and multiply the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process (Reljin, V., 2019). An intensive rehabilitation from an early age guarantees the recovery of part of their neuromotor abilities. In order to achieve better results in rehabilitation, adaptive sports must adopt a holistic approach to the user considering both the physical and the psycho-perceptual aspects, i.e. the ability to do it but also the feeling of fulfilment in doing it. However, current climbing walls do not include these aspects of the adaptive sport. An adaptive climbing wall design requires identifying a methodology that could lead to a coherent and effective solution, using explicit attention for inclusiveness. The paper describes the Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) approach adopted to design an adaptive climbing wall as a tool for the rehabilitation of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) by identifying the sustainable, inclusive requirements that consider children’s diversity. The DfSb approach, as user- and use-centred design that create preconditions for a sustainable everyday life, considers the sustainability aspects from two essential points of view. The user's sustainable behaviour, in which inclusiveness is a fundamental part of these attitudes, and the product's sustainability that uses new recycled materials create a more natural environment (similar to climbing in natural environments). Indeed, the project considers first the sustainable behavioural aspects, spreading climbing as a tool to improve the health conditions of CP children, introducing them to climbing by making it accessible and inclusive, intending to help children with different abilities to build trust and awareness of their potentialities, and a sense of accomplishment while training problem-solving and decision-making skills. As a second point of DfSB, the climbing wall and holds are designed with sustainable materials (waste material content) that provide the feeling of natural stone considering the entire product lifecycle. This paper shows how the DfSB approach can support the definition of design requirements of a training tool introducing children with CP to climbing as a natural approach to rehabilitation, making it accessible and inclusive. The project brings children with disabilities closer to the adapted sport through an indoor and democratic recreational activity. Bibliography 1. AA.VV. (2020). What is inclusive design? Inclusive Design Toolkit. University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/whatis/whatis.html 2. Canina M., Parise C., Bruno C. (2020). An Inclusive Design Approach for Designing an Adaptive Climbing Wall for Children with CP. 3. DesignCouncil. (2020). What is the framework for innovation? Retrieved from https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/news-opinion/what-framework-innovation-design-councils-evolved-double-diamond 4. Dixon-Fyle, S., Dolan, K., Hunt, V., Prince, S.: Diversity wins! How inclusion matters, pp. 1–12. McKinsey Co. (2020) 5. Persson, H., Åhman, H., Yngling, A. A., & Gulliksen, J. (2015). Universal design, inclusive design, accessible design, design for all: different concepts—one goal? On the concept of accessibility—historical, methodological and philosophical aspects. Universal Access in the Information Society, 14(4), 505–526. 6. Reljin, V. (2019). Effects of Adaptive Sports on Quality of Life in Individuals with Disability. Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects., 822. 7. United Nations Department of Global Communications. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Reports on the topic "Council of Paris (824)"
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Luomi, Mari, Thamir Alshehri, and Fatih Yilmaz. The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Circular Carbon Economy: Progress and Potential. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-dp06.
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Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Saudi Aramco have also announced net-zero emission targets. Work is now beginning to develop more detailed roadmaps and implementation plans, some elements of which are already laid out in the updated NDCs.
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Luomi, Mari, Thomas Bosse, and Zlata Sergeeva. Lessons from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ Participation in the Clean Development Mechanism. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp04.
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Carrbon markets have rapidly risen on government and corporate agendas in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries as the region gears up to implement the Paris Agreement and pursue ambitious net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. Governments have expressed interest in participating in international carbon markets in their most recent nationally determined contributions (NDCs), various major companies across the region have set ambitious emission reduction targets, and three GCC countries have begun developing voluntary carbon market standards or marketplaces.
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Desai, Sonalde. Gender Inequalities and Demographic Behavior: India. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1003.
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As India prepares for the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), it is clear that the country’s population policy faces a number of serious challenges. Although India was the first country to announce an official family planning program in 1952, its population has grown from 361 million in 1951 to 844 million in 1991. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 ICPD. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. The purpose of the reports is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family’s central role in resource allocation and distribution, and effective in achieving broad-based population and development goals.