Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Couches Rouges'
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Souhel, Abdellatif. "Dynamique sedimentaire des couches rouges intercalaires (bathonien-cenomanien) dans l'atlas de beni-mellal (haut-atlas central, maroc)." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30175.
Full textSouhel, Abdellatif. "Dynamique sédimentaire des couches rouges intercalaires (Bathonien, Cénomanien) dans l'Atlas de Beni-Mellal, Haut-Atlas Central, Maroc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610010w.
Full textHaddoumi, Hamid. "Les couches rouges (bathonien à barrémien) du synclinal des ait attab (haut atlas, Maroc) : Étude sédimentologique et stratigraphique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10144.
Full textHaddoumi, Hamid. "Les Couches rouges, Bathonien à Barrémien, du synclinal des Aït Attab, Haut Atlas central, Maroc étude sédimentologique et stratigraphique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614132f.
Full textMahdoudi, Moulay-Lahsen. "Cycles sédimentation-encroûtements carbonatés dans les séries rouges jurassiques du Haut-Atlas central (Maroc)." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOS007.
Full textGADENNE, PETIT MIREILLE. "Proprietes de transport de couches minces d'or granulaire : absorption infra-rouge, effets dimensionnels." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066385.
Full textHOUSSSEINI, TEHERANT FERECHTEH. "Optimisation et elaboration de couches minces supraconductrices : application a la detection infra-rouge." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112199.
Full textGadenne, Mireille. "Propriétés de transport de couches minces d'or granulaire absorption infra-rouge, effets dimensionnels /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605247s.
Full textPinel, Eric. "Vers le développement d'un nouveau luminophore rouge : synthèse, caractérisation, mise en forme et évaluation des propriétés physico-chimiques de CaTiO3:Pr3+." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF21559.
Full textBastien, Christophe. "Étude du séchage des couches papetières par rayonnement infrarouge." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL042N.
Full textPierre, François. "Contribution à l'étude des siliciures de métaux réfractaires en couches minces : excitations électroniques, dans la gamme d'énergie infra-rouge par spectroscopie d'électrons (H.R.E.E.L.S.)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22011.
Full textBrieuc, Sylvie. "Recherche des cannabinoi͏̈des par immunoenzymologie et chromatographie couche mince dans les urines des conducteurs accidentés." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P008.
Full textKtari, Rahma. "Mécanismes et modélisations de dégradation et décollement des interfaces de couches de chaussées." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0090/document.
Full textInterface between bituminous layers is an important parameter for the pavement computational design.New pathologies in pavement structure require today rational methods taking into account theinterfaces behavior. Due to these concerns, the current study is based on a damage cohesive zonemodel (CZM) in mixed mode of the rough interfaces. The model was initially proposed by Allix-Ladevèze. This thesis presents a comprehensive interface modeling including delay effect, based ondamage energy release rate. The process of the present study is presented in three chapters. The firstchapter present the stat of art of interfaces. The second devoted to identify the parameters of theinterface model and material properties through advanced optical method as Digital Image Correlation(DIC) and (H-DIC). In the third chapter, a study of the influence of the elastic normal and tangentialstiffness and coupling parameters in the mixed mode on the debonding interfacial energy is presented.An analytical model provides relations between the interfaces stiffness, the coupling parameter of theCZM and the interfacial roughness. Then, a parametric numerical analysis is conducted to study theroughness effect on the interface constitutive law. Results show clearly the roughness influence in thiskind of structures. The damage behaviours predicted by the proposed model for pure mode I, puremode II and for mixed mode with taking into account of roughness are found in good agreement withexperimental results
LESAINT, VINCENT. "Contribution a l'etude de l'hydrogenation d'alliages amorphes sisn co-evapores en couches minces par spectrophotometrie visible et infra-rouge et par spectroscopie de deflexion photothermique." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077245.
Full textKoti, Joël. "Valorisation des coques de noix de palmiste dans la construction des routes à faible trafic." Thesis, Limoges, 2022. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f79d4974-f3cb-47d7-8a60-ec5e92d65af9/blobholder:0/2022LIMO0062.pdf.
Full textThe production of palm oil generates several wastes including palm kernel shells (PKS). Facing the depletion of natural resources that can be used in pavement construction, the recovery of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shells is an alternative solution for the future for oil palm producing countries. This thesis studies the use of palm kernel shells as coarse aggregate in the formulation of composites materials. The latter can be used as subbase course materials for low-traffic pavements. The first part of the manuscript deals with the production of mixtures of palm kernel shells and lateritic soil (lateritic soil abundant in the south of Benin) for use as a foundation layer. Parabolic law of Fuller-Thompson is utilized to determine the volume proportions of each composite. In the laboratory, geotechnical experiments on lateritic soil and on composites have shown that the addition of 61% PKS increases the CBR index from 76% to 95% of the Modified Proctor optimum. The addition of 15% lagoon sand in the formulation decreases the plasticity by 29%. Thus, the composites with a CBR index of 30 (39% lateritic soil + 61% PKS) and 41 (45% lateritic soil, 40% PKS and 15% lagoon sand) can be used in the foundation layer for low traffic roads. The second part focuses on the substitution of the traditional coarse aggregates by palm kernel shells in a semi-grained bituminous concrete 0/10. This type of asphalt is usable in surface wearing course. The different granular compositions are obtained by the compressible stacking model of De Larrard. The moisture resistance, studied through the Duriez test, shows that PKS can be a good alternative of coarse aggregates in lightly trafficked pavement mixes. The valorization of palm kernel shells in transportation technology is a major technical and economical solution to provide a better access to the rural areas in tropical countries. Especially, it can be useful for the transport of products from production areas to those of processing and consumption
Vizzari, Domenico. "Mix-design of a novel semi-transparent layer for solar roads." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0023.
Full textThe road network of the future will be not only a transportation system for people and goods, but also a technology able to harvest energy from the Sun exploiting existing surfaces. This manuscript deals with the mixdesign of a semi-transparent layer for solar roads. The novel surface is a composite material given by recycled glass aggregates bonded together using the polyurethane. At present, there are no specifications or guidelines for the use of the polyurethane in solar roads. In the light of this, the polyurethane is characterized in terms of curing kinetic and viscoelastic behavior performing the DSR and the DMA. The research also focuses on the mix-design of the semi-transparent layer based on three methods/techniques: the packing density, the fraction factorial design and the surface dressing. The objective is to optimize the optical and mechanical performance of the mixture, in the prospective of a full scale application. Finally, the aging of the polyurethane because of the UV exposition is investigated by means of the FTIR, the DSC and the rotational rheometer test. The mix-design of the semi-transparent layer is an important step towards the manufacture of the “hybrid road”, a road energy harvesting system obtained by the union between a concrete porous medium used as solar collector with a photovoltaic road
Valencia, Fabian. "Caractérisation des particules fines d'un matériau granulaire de fondation par l'essai au bleu de méthylène." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19783.
Full textBanoune, Brahim. "Comportement mécanique et durabilité des matériaux routiers à différents dosages en sédiments fins." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0032.
Full textManagement of large volume of sediment from the dam and river dredging is important economic and environmental challenge. An ecological alternative of storage or disposal at sea must be considered in order to develop this raw material. These sediments are interesting in civil engineering particularly for the roadworks sector. In this thesis we focused on dredging materials of Kherrata and Wadi Soummam.We studied the physical characteristic, mineralogical and mechanical of sediments. This characterization showed that it is necessary to improve their mechanical properties if we hope to used sediments on roadworks. For that we have chosen to realized an hydraulic treatement with binder (hydrated lime and cement). A non-exhaustive parametric study was conducted by varying percentage of binder in sediment. We are also interested to the influence of particle size correctors on the mechanical behavior. The treatment with lime or cement can improve the mechanical caracteristic. However, cement treatment offers the advantage to be more interesting in terms of incorporated dosage and length of treatment. From the durability point of view cement treatment of our sediment is more appropriate and provides a final material to be used in subgrade layer in accordance with the GTR reglementation
Toussaint, Damien. "Couche limite turbulente sur paroi rugueuse : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0122.
Full textTurbulent flows over rough walls can be found in various environmental and engineering situations. Focusing on aeronautical applications, unwanted rough surfaces are likely to decrease the overall efficiency of a system, skin friction, and heat transfer coefficients being generally increased compared to ideal smooth-wall situations. A careful account of the aerodynamic effects induced by surface roughness is therefore important in a design process, and several prediction strategies may be considered. The Discrete Element Roughness Method (DERM) is considered in the present study. This approach aims at resolving the averaged roughness effects and is derived by ensemble- and volume-averaging the Navier–Stokes equations, yielding three unknown terms in the momentum equation: the Reynolds stress and dispersive stress tensors and the average drag force acting on the roughness elements. The present work aims at proposing guidance for their modelling. First, a LDV measurement campaign was conducted to investigate turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces. Measurements were especially performed within the roughness wake regions, that are not extensively investigated in the literature. Second, RANS simulations of turbulent channel flows over resolved rough surfaces were performed. The numerical results were then compared to the experimental data to assess the validity of the RANS simulations. Finally, these numerical results were analysed to highlight the behavior of the specific DERM terms and propose guidance for their modeling
Mezerreg, Abdennour. "Détermination non destructive des paramètres de transport (mobilité et densité des porteurs) d'échantillons massifs et de couches épitaxiées (composés III-V binaires, ternaires et quaternaires) sur substrat conducteur ou semi-isolant, par analyse des spectres de réflectivité infra-rouge." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20102.
Full textBankole, Olabode Modupe. "Transformations diagénétiques des dépôts silicoclastiques FA du bassin de Franceville au Gabon (2.2-2.0 Ga) par l'invasion de solutions oxydo-réductrices." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2319/document.
Full textThe FA and FB Formations clastic sediments have been subjected to detailed facies, petrographic, and geochemical analyses in relation to diagenesis, fluid flow, paleo-redox conditions, provenance, and uranium mineralization during the evolution of the unmetamorphosed Paleoproterozoic (ca 2.15 Ga) Franceville Basin, Gabon. Lithofacies analyses in combination with petrographic studies indicate that the original mineralogical and textural properties of the sediments have been greatly modified during diagenesis. The moderately sorted quartz arenite at the top of FA underwent early quartz cementation; thus preventing it from subsequent burial diagenetic processes. The inferred paragenetic sequence of authigenic cements in the arkosic arenites suggest a multiphase of fluid-rock interactions with most of the ions needed for their precipitations likely sourced during alteration of detrital precursors. The observed slight variations in the diagenetic pathways in different lithofacies associations are closely related to primary mineralogy, texture, and nature of pore fluid. This relationship suggests that depositional facies can provide an insight into the diagenetic pathways and hydrologic properties of sediments in sedimentary basins. Petrographic features coupled with whole rock geochemical and iron isotope analyses suggest that hematite precipitation in the red beds started after sediment deposition with the iron internally derived by alteration of iron-bearing minerals and redistributed during late diagenesis. Positive correlation between Fe/Mg ratio and "delta" 56Fe values of bulk samples suggests mixing relationship with end members being authigenic hematite and iron-bearing silicates. The lack of relationship between Fe3+/FeT ratios and iron isotope compositions suggest that the isotopically heavy iron oxide was already present in the sediments during early diagenesis, and was incorporated into green (reduced) facies that likely replaced red facies during diagenesis or burial. Uranium released from the lower, fluvial oxidized sandstones and added to the reduced sandstones and silty mudstones in the upper tidal-deltaic sediments potentially resulted in a uranium mineralization of a roll-front type in the FA Formation of the Franceville Basin. Major and trace element geochemical data for the FA and FB formation are consistent with sediments derived exclusively from felsic igneous source. Chondrite-normalized patterns with high LREE/HREE ratios, negative Eu anomalies, and GdN/YbN ratios favour mixture of Archean and Post-Archean felsic sources. Discriminant diagrams and elemental ratios of major and trace elements suggest deposition of most of the FA sandstone in a passive margin, while the mudstones and fine-grained sandstones of FA and FB were deposited in an active continental margin during Paleoproterozoic tectonic regimes of the West Central African Belt
Mbow, Babacar. "Etude des réponses spectrales dans le proche infra-rouge des composés mixtes III-V, ternaires et quaternaires, à base de GaSb et de leurs dérivés." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20048.
Full textHao, Wenjun. "Atomic layer deposition of boron nitride." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1311/document.
Full textThis thesis achieves 3 years of PhD studies on “Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of boron nitride (BN)”. The aim of this PhD work is to adapt the polymer derived ceramics (PDCs) route to the ALD technique for h-BN thin film growth and elaboration of functional nanostructures. A novel two-step ammonia-free ALD process, which includes ALD deposition of polyborazine at low temperature (80 °C) from 2,4,6-trichloroborazine and hexamethyldisilazane followed by post heat treatment under controlled atmosphere, has been established. Conformal and homogeneous BN thin films have been deposited onto various substrates. The self-limitation of the reactions on flat substrates and the conformality of the films on structured substrates have been verified. Functional BN nanostructures have thus been fabricated using substrates or templates with different dimensionalities. In particular, their applications as protective coatings as well as filter and absorber to purify polluted water from organic/oil hav e been investigated. Finally, a second low temperature (85-150 °C) ALD process using tri(isopropylamine)borane and methylamine as precursors has preliminary been studied in order to confirm the adaptability of PDCs route to ALD technique. BN thin films have been grown onto flat substrate and it has been proven that tri(isopropylamino)borane vapor can infiltrate into electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers.This work was carried out at University of Lyon and financially supported by the National Research Agency (project n° ANR-16-CE08-0021-01)
Coundoul, Falilou. "Étude et modélisation des transferts verticaux dans l'interaction biofilm de rivière/couche limite turbulente." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9268/1/coundoul_partie_1_sur_3.pdf.
Full textPeperstraete, Yoann. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge de films minces d’oxydes fonctionnels intégrés sur silicium : apport des modélisations ab initio." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS148/document.
Full textPbZr₁₋ₓTiₓO₃ (PZT) is a complex perovskite that has many properties, some of which are already used industrially. Thus, in spite of the toxicity of lead and its oxides, this material is still under extensive investigation. In this thesis, we are interested of both experimental and theoretical IR absorption spectroscopy of this compound. To do so, we used the CRYSTAL code, based on the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals method and periodic Density Functional Theory (LCAO-DFT) in order to facilitate the interpretation of experimental spectra, recorded on the AILES beamline of synchrotron SOLEIL. In this goal, we first studied the two building blocks of PZT: PbTiO₃ (PT) and PbZrO₃ (PZ). Our results are in very good agreement with what has already been done in the literature. We, thus, could carry out a precise interpretation of their absorbance spectra. Moreover, transferable parameters (in particular the basis set and the functional) have been determined and used to study PZT. The supercell method, coupled with a statistical analysis, provided promising results, comparable with experimental data and, thus, helpful for their interpretation. In order to make a step towards the real PT crystal, we started the simulation of ultrathin films and oxygen vacancies to investigate their effects on the IR absorption spectrum
Paun, Laurentiu Sorin. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux ambiants." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011652.
Full textKubwimana, Thierry. "Simulation de l'écoulement atmosphérique au voisinage d'une tête de tunnel." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEC023.
Full textThe design of a mechanical ventilation system in a tunnel requires to identify all the physical phenomena involved in the movement of the air in the tunnel. That is in order to establish the necessary ventilation capacities with regard to regulatory objectives. Atmospheric effects feature among the mechanisms likely to generate overpressures or depressions near the openings of a tunnel and consequently to induce or to modify the airflow established inside. This research work intends to contribute to a better understanding as well as a better consideration of the external atmospheric effects in tunnel ventilation studies.Experimental and numerical modeling have been completed. Wind tunnel tests were carried out in the atmospheric wind tunnel of the École Centrale de Lyon and used different techniques (PIV, hot wire anemometry, micromanometer) to measure the mean and turbulent statistics of the atmospheric flow in the vicinity of a tunnel. Time averaged (RANS) and filtered (LES) turbulence models were also used to simulate the atmospheric flow around a tunnel.The suitable representation of the unsteady turbulent atmospheric flow at the inlet of an LES computational domain remains an issue. During this work, we implemented a synthetic turbulence generator in the CFD code Fluent and, through comparison with experimental data, derived the optimal setup for the simulation of a fully rough atmospheric boundary layer.Thereafter, two tunnel configurations were studied by numerical and experimental means. In a first series of tests, the pressure field at the front section of a rectangular cavity was studied. The comparisons between the different approaches highlighted the influence of the geometry of the tunnel and the arrangement of the surrounding urban-like environment, as well as a better performance of the LES model in the description the turbulent flow. And in a second series of tests, we got closer to a realistic configuration and instrumented an open tunnel in which we could create an airflow directed towards the outside or the inside of the structure. The results showed a significant interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and the three-dimensional wall jet from the tunnel
Rouzès, Maxime. "Etude expérimentale de l'hydrodynamique d'un écoulement turbulent à surface libre sur fond rugueux à faible submersion." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14164/1/rouzes.pdf.
Full textScordia, Pierre-Yves. "Caractérisation et valorisation de sédiments fluviaux pollués et traités dans les matériaux routiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339371.
Full textL'objet de ce travail de thèse concerne la valorisation de sédiments fluviaux, pollués et traités par le procédé Novosol®, développé par la société Solvay, dans le domaine de la construction routière. Une première étape de caractérisation physico-chimique et géotechnique des sédiments traités Novosol® (STN) a établi la faisabilité de leur valorisation en couche de forme. Il a également été mis en évidence qu'ils présentaient une réactivité hydrique et pouzzolanique. L'influence de la nature du liant sur le traitement des STN a ensuite été abordée. D'après les résultats des essais mis en œuvre (aptitude au traitement, gonflement, portance, résistance en compression et en traction Brésilienne), 2 des 5 liants testés se distinguent particulièrement et présentent un niveau de performance de classe 3 selon le Guide du Traitement des Sols. Il s'agit du Roc Sol et la chaux vive.
Enfin, une étude complémentaire a montré qu'il était également possible de valoriser les STN en remblais autocompactant. Cependant, cette voie nécessiterait d'être approfondie.
Wang, Chen. "Global investigation of marine atmospheric boundary layer rolls using Sentinel-1 SAR data." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0203.
Full textThis thesis exploits the global Sentinel-1 (S-1) wave mode (WV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) roll studies. A deep learning- based model was developed to automatically identify rolls from the massive S-1 WV images. Valuation evidences that more and clearer rolls are visible at the larger incidence angle with limitation in very low wind speeds and when wind direction being perpendicular to the SAR antenna looking. Beyond this, the huge data leads to a new result that, on average and across all wind speeds, MABL rolls induce surface wind variations of ~8% (±3.5%) the mean flow, seldom exceeding 20%. Global statistics confirmed with previous studies that up to 90% of the identified rolls occur in near neutral to slightly unstable conditions. Roll wavelength and orientation are extracted with findings of multi-scale organization and directional contrast between low- and mid-latitudes. The systematical distribution of roll orientation with respect to the surface wind from tropics to extratropics recalls the importance of horizontal Coriolis force on rolls. Despite the significance of these highlights for both atmosphere and ocean studies, it is highly expected to extend the nearly global S- 1 WV SAR data for rolls, convective cells and other key air-sea processes. Results should be compared, explained, and complemented in the near future with in-depth theoretical and numerical studies
Khaled, Yacine. "Contributions aux communications dans les réseaux de véhicules : application à la pré-visibilité de route." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1714.
Full textThe communication in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an important component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) allowing a vehicle to communicate with others, even if they are not in the same neighbourhood. The use of communications in this type of network allows to improve the road safety as well as comfort of the driver and passengers. However, VANET behaves fundamentally different from the traditional ad hoc network, that it is characterized for high mobility and rapidly changing topology. Thus, the important challenges appear such the access to the channel and information routing. In this thesis, we deal with communication in vehicular network so that this one is applied to roads foreseeing. We start by studying the adequacy of IEEE 802. 11 standard in VANET, in order to prototype our solutions with this standard. In parallel, we study the fairness in chain of senders. Then, we analyse the routing solutions in VANET, where we propose a new taxonomy of routing protocols based on the use-cases; applications requirement and road environnement are taken into account. After, we propose a new approach of routing in VANET, in which vehicles communicate through conditions instead of to use an addressing. The knowledge of road environment allows to optimize communications by adapting the conditions of retransmissions, through the existence of a stable structure. For this usage, we propose an algorithm of detection of this structure, represented by a convoy. Finally, we implement these solutions in our two platforms: embedded and with the network simulator
Chang, Shan Shan. "Study of macromolecular and structural modifications occurring during the building of the tension wood cell wall : a contribution to the understanding of the maturation stress generation in trees." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20027/document.
Full textTrees are long-living organisms which develop in a variable environment. During their formation, they generate a tensile mechanical stress called maturation stress to fulfil essential biomechanical functions. In angiosperm species, trees adapt the mechanical state by producing tension wood with high tensile stresses on the upper side of the leaning stem. Despite considerable research in this field during a number of years, the current knowledge on the mechanism of the active stress generation in tension wood is still incomplete and needs improvement. The first part of this study was to advance the understanding on the composition and organisation of polymers within the secondary cell wall, as well as its orientation during the maturation of tension wood cell wall. Measurements performed on FTIR microscopy indicated that already before G-layer formation, a more ordered structure of carbohydrates at an angle more parallel to the fibre axis exists in tension wood. This was clearly different to the behaviour of opposite wood. In tension wood, the lignin was more highly oriented in the S2 layer than in opposite wood. With the formation of the S2 layer in opposite wood and the G-layer in tension wood, the orientation signals from the amorphous carbohydrates like hemicelluloses and pectins were different between opposite wood and tension wood. For tension wood, the orientation for these bands remains the same all along the cell wall maturation process, probably reflecting a continued deposition of xyloglucan or xylan, with an orientation different to that in the S2 wall, throughout the whole process. The second part of this study was to improve the current knowledge on the matrix behaviour by studying the mesoporosity and its evolution during the building and maturation of tension wood cell wall. Results on two kinds of tension wood suggested that mesoporosity can always be detected near cambium zone for both tension and opposite wood. The high porosity decreased gradually with the lignification in the developing cell wall, with an exception in tension wood with G-layer. The typical ink-bottle pore and the increase of median pore size are observed in both kinds of tension wood, indicating non-G-layer species may share the same mechanism of tensile stress generation as in tension wood with G-layer. This study aims to contribute to an increased understanding on the maturation stress generation in trees and may allow to improve the modelling of matrix behaviour during cell wall maturation
Campanac, Pierre-Henri. "Modélisation des vibrations d'un pneumatique roulant sur une chaussée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529388.
Full textKhoueiry, Nicole. "Study of granular platforms behaviour over soft subgrade reinforced by geosynthetics : Experimental and numerical approaches." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI027.
Full textGeosynthetics were used since 1970 in the base course reinforcement supported by soft subgrade in unpaved road application. The various factors and parameters influencing the dominant mechanism and its relative contribution on the platform improvement explain the need of more investigations in this topic. In this research work, large-scale laboratory test was developed to study the reinforcement contribution in the unpaved road improvement. Therefore, an unpaved platform was built of 600 mm of artificial subgrade supporting a base course layer. A detailed experimental Protocol was established regarding the soil preparation, the installation and the soils compaction procedure to reproduce the site conditions and insure the platform repeatability for each test. Three geosynthetics were tested first under a cyclic plate load test. Cyclic load was performed on the prepared platform, with a maximum load of 40 kN resulting in a maximum applied pressure of 560 kPa. The platform was subjected to 10,000 cycles with a frequency of 0.77 Hz. An advanced and complete soil instrumentation was provided in order to collect the maximum data needed for thorough analysis. Quality control tests were performed before each test to verify the soil layers homogeneity and properties. Two base course thicknesses were tested under this test condition, 350 and 220 mm. Once the developed protocol was confirmed under the circular plate load tests, further tests using the Simulator Accelerator of Traffic (SAT) were performed. Indeed, the laboratory prepared platform was placed in a larger box of 1.8 m in large, 5 m in length and 1.1 m in height. The prepared platform was subjected to two solicitations: a particular plate and traffic load. The Simulator Accelerator of Traffic was developed specially for this application. A machine that simulates the traffic load under an effective length of 2 m and a velocity of 4 km/h. The two areas were instrumented: the area under the circulation load, and the area under the plat load, located aside. In addition, a numerical model based on the differential element method using FLAC 3D was developed. The model simulated the circular plate load test with the same platform configuration under monotonic load. The results were compared to the first monotonic load applied on the rigid plate experimentally
Oliveira, Guilherme Lara. "Analyse numérique de l'effet du défilement des sillages liés aux interactions rotor-stator en turbomachines." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1797_gloliveira.pdf.
Full textNowadays turbomachinery studies require qualifications on several disciplines, like aerodynamic, acoustic, heat transfer, materials and structure. Evolution leading to high performance, stable, weightless machines needs invariably sharp investigation on each one of these domains. The main objective of this work is to improve understanding on unsteady phenomena related to wake passage through interblade channels of turbomachinery during its stable operating conditions. Numerical analysis was performed using an unsteady CFD tool with inlet wake-kind periodic conditions. It is a contribution to rotor-stator interaction study intending to ameliorate turbomachine performances by means of wake effects. A methodology allowing to evaluate average effects of unsteady flow produced by wakes has been developed in this thesis and then, applied to two different configurations: a subsonic axial turbine and a transonic axial compressor. Results presented here indicate that main mechanisms governing wake deformation and its decay can be explained by the kinematics of time averaged flow. Unsteady mass flow transport seems to be a function of wake velocity deficit and radial pressure gradients of time averaged flow. Finally, the developed analysis shows how wakes interaction with shock waves and boundary layers may considerably modify losses and energy transfer on turbomachinery flows
Bey, Mohamed Amine. "Modélisation mathématique et simulations numériques des écoulements sanguins dans des artères avec ou sans stents." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD027/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of the blood-flows in arteries in the presence of a vascular prosthesis of type stent. The presence of stent can be considered as a local perturbation of a smooth edge of flow, more precisely the walls artery can be seen as a strongly rough surface.Weare mainly interested in controlling the H² regularity of a simplified model which takes into account the impact of these stents when the blood flow is controlled by a Laplace equation (in link with the axial component rateof flow) with a Dirichlet boundary condition, in a domain with a rough board (according to a small parameter ε). First, we raise the question of existence and unicity of the solution of this model of blood-flow and we study the H² regularity using variational analysis methods. By a detailed study, we control the H² regularity of order O(ε−1). The second part is devoted to the study of the regularity H² regularity using multi-scale analysis.We prove that the H² norm of the solution of this model is singular of order O(ε−½). Moreover, we improve the convergence rate of the existing results on the construction of the multi-scale approximation. Finally, we present an error estimation and numerical results. These numerical results illustrate the well-founded of the error estimates on a practical level. We show the importance of the asymptotic methods that seem to be more effective than a direct computation
El-Otmany, Hammou. "Approximation par la méthode NXFEM des problèmes d'interface et d'interphase dans la mécanique des fluides." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3024/document.
Full textNumerical modelling and simulation of interfaces in fluid and solid mechanics are at the heart of many applications, such as cell biology (deformation of red blood cells), petroleum engineering and seismic (reservoir modelling, presence of faults, wave propagation), aerospace and civil engineering etc. This thesis focuses on the approximation of interface and interphase problems in fluid mechanics by means of the NXFEM method, which takes into account discontinuities on non-aligned meshes.We have first focused on the development of NXFEM for nonconforming finite elements in order to take into account the interface between two media. Two approaches have been proposed, for Darcy and Stokes equations. The first approach consists in modifying the basis functions of Crouzeix-Raviart on the cut cells and the second approach consists in adding some stabilization terms on each part of a cut edge. We have studied them from a theoretical and a numerical point of view. Then we have studied the asymptotic modelling and numerical approximation of interphase problems, involving a thin layer between two media. We have first considered the Darcy equations in the presence of a highly permeable fracture. By passing to the limit in the weak formulation, we have obtained an asymptotic model where the 2D fracture is described by an interface with adequate transmission conditions. A numerical method based on NXFEM with conforming finite elements has been developed for this limit problem, and its consistency and uniform stability have been proved. Numerical tests including a comparison with the literature have been presented. The asymptotic modelling has been finally extended to Stokes equations, for which we have justified the limit problem. Finally, we have considered the mechanical behaviour of red blood cells in order to better understand blood rheology. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the modelling of the membrane of a red blood cell by a non-Newtonian viscoelastic liquid, described by the Giesekus model. For an interphase problem composed of two Newtonian fluids (the exterior and the interior of the red blood cell) and a Giesekus liquid (the membrane), we formally derived the limit problem where the equations in the membrane are replaced by transmission conditions on an interface
Lérondel, Gilles. "Propagation de la lumière dans le silicium poreux : application à la photonique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10253.
Full textCasimirius, Stéphane. "Croissance localisée de nanotubes de carbone aux échelles micrométrique et nanométrique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136052.
Full textCavallina, Chiara. "The Middle Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous paleodrainage evolution of the Central High Atlas (Morocco): implications for the development of the Moroccan Atlasic System." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1160725.
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