Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Couches minces mésoporeux'
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Boucherif, Abderraouf. "Elaboration de pseudosubstrats accordables en paramètre de maille à base de silicium mésoporeux pour l'hétéroépitaxie." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0082/these.pdf.
Full textThis work assesses the potentiality of Porous Silicon (PS) as a mechanical straining substrate for modifying the lattice parameter of IV-IV semiconductor thin films (Si or SiGe). The aim is either to tune the optoelectronic properties of the thin film, or to adapt the film lattice parameter to that of other materials like SiGe, Ge, or GaAs. Such a film can be used as a seed layer for the heteroepitaxial growth of lattice mismatched materials such as SiGe, Ge or GaAs on silicon with a high crystalline quality. In short, the (thin film) / (porous silicon) heterostructure constitutes a « lattice tunable virtual substrate » obtained from a low cost substrate, viz, the porous silicon. The development of a “two wafers technique” has been a true breakthrough as it made it possible to obtain a IV-IV semiconductor film as thin as 50 nm, with large lateral dimension (2"), strictly constant thickness, exempt of structural defects and with a perfectly smooth and clean surface. Moreover, this ultra-thin film can be easily handled and its lateral dimension is only dependant on the diameter of the anodization cell. Low temperature thermal oxidation of the bulk porous Si substrate induces its volume expansion, which leads to a straining of the thin film on top. The control of oxidation parameters allows obtaining highly strained (above 1%) films without any structural defects. The technique makes the film lattice in-plane parameter closer to that of Ge or GaAs, which is a step forward toward their integration on silicon
Quoizola, Sébastien. "Epitaxie en phase vapeur de silicium sur silicium mésoporeux pour report sur substrats économiques et application photovoltai͏̈que bas coût." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Full textThin film solar cells by layer transfer process is a very promising way to reduce material cost in photovoltaïc industry. The aim of this study is to transfer thin silicon layers (50 µm) on cheap substrate. In order to warranty a highly conversion efficiency, monocrystalline silicon is required. Thin monocrystalline silicon film is grown on mesoporous silicon by vapor phase epitaxy. The porous silicon layer presents a double porosity structure and acts as both a seeding layer and a sacrificial layer. During hydrogen high temperature annealing, pores are coarsened in the low porosity layer and enlarged in the high porosity layer. These structural modifications allow the growth of the epitaxial silicon layer and its separation from the silicon substrate. As obtained thin silicon film serves as the active layer in an one side solar cell with interdigited contacts. Substrate can be then re-used for a novel thin silicon film
Yan, Minhao. "Etude par diffusion des rayons X et microscopie à force atomique de films minces mésoporeux et de l'orientation de leur porosité." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1002.pdf.
Full textThis work reports with the production of mesotructured/mesoporous silica thin films comprising micelles/pores aligned by confinement within the walls of a nanograting. . The mesostructured films were formed by the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) route using a surfactant to template silica at the molecular scale. The device has potential for orientated nanowires, sensor arrays and optoelectronic devices. An important consideration for any optoelectronic device based on mesoporous materials is the change in electrical properties (e. G. Surface conductance) due to the adsorption of water. The mesoporous silica films facilitate the capillary condensation of water at ambient relative humidity. Thus, the interaction of water vapour on the walls of the mesoporous silica films was studied at room temperature between 20% and 70% relative humidity (RH). As the electron density contrast between the silica framework and pores decreases strongly when water infiltrates the pores, X-ray reflectometry was used to track the entry/exit of water in the network at high/low relative humidity, The pore size distribution and the porosity of the films were obtained. A grating with periods less than 500 nm was used to align the micelles. These particular gratings were produced by the Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology whereby a silicon layer of nominal thickness of 55 nm was deposited on a 145 nm thick thermally grown silicon oxide. The gratings used in this work have a line spacing of 450nm with lines of 150nm width, grooves of 300nm width and a depth of 55nm. The scattering behavior of the substrate was studied in non coplanar geometry by grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). X-ray scattering techniques and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to charcterise the film within the grating to nanometric resolution. The p6m 2D hexagonal symmetry of the film was revealed by in-plane analysis using GISAXS. AFM operating in tapping mode was used to visualize the structure on the surface of the film. An important part of this work was to characterize the topography of the film. A protocol for chemically etching a film to reveal the morphology as a function of depth of these films was developed. The etching of mesoporous silica thin films was achieved by using an aqueous solution of 0. 1 mol dm-3 NaOH. The effect of the etching was monitored by X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and by atomic force microscopy. The etching procedure, although destructive, revealed the orientation of the mesochannels within the grating
Grunenwald, Anthony. "Dépôt et caractérisation de couches minces diélectriques poreuses à porosité ordonnée obtenues par voies sol-gel et plasma." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0004/document.
Full textThis thesis is dealing with the challenging preparation and integration of porous dielectric materials with ultra low permittivity (ULK) for interconnections in microelectronic devices. This study focuses on synthesis of hydrophobic ULK thin layers with ordered and isolated porosity obtained by sol-gel. An improvement in mechanical properties and a decrease of the impurities migration in the heart of the bulk are expected. Hydrophobic and mesostructured ULK (k < 2.2) materials have been obtained by sol-gel after removal of porogen mesophases by thermal treatment and for the first time under UV irradiation. Mesostructural and microstructural properties of the layers were discussed with regard to the porosity and mechanical properties. The electrical and gas permeation measurements were also discussed in the framework of their possible applications as ULK materials and gas separation membranes, respectively. Using PECVD, styrene-based polymers, have been synthesized and also characterized in terms of mechanical and gas separation properties
Tutashkonko, Sergii. "Élaboration du Ge mésoporeux et étude de ses propriétés physico-chimiques en vue d'applications photovoltaïques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6145.
Full textCrespo-Monteiro, Nicolas. "Photochromisme de films mésoporeux d'oxyde de titane dopés argent appliqué au stockage de données." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STET4027.
Full textSilver species adsorbed on colloidal titania have been known for a long time to exhibit photochromism. The color change is due to the reduction of silver salts from metallic nanoparticles under UV illumination and oxidation of these latters under visible illumination. Recently, a new functionality inducing multicolor photochromism has been reported in nanocomposite materials constituted by silver nanoparticles introduced in nanoporous titania film. In this dissertation, we study the influence of mesoporous titania matrix with controlled pores sizes on the photochromisrn behavior of such films. We show that the films porosity allows to control the formed particles under UV illumination and that is possible to bleach the photo-induced patterns with a monochromatic visible light although usually this type of illumination color the film. The utilization of these materials allows also to sensibly improve the temporal stability of photo-induced inscriptions, which allows to use them as rewritable data carriers. We demonstrate also that above an intensity threshold, it is possible to inscribe permanent pattern with an UV or visible illumination, which allows to use these films like permanent data carriers. Finally, in the last part, we show that it is possible to photo-induce in visible light dichroic color highly reflective without prior reduction of silver salts
Mejri, Eya. "Revêtement intelligent à base des silices mésoporeuses fonctionnalisées pour le relargage stimulé d'agents antimicrobiens." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27248.
Full textBacterial biofilms are composed of single-cell organisms living within a protective matrix formed from natural macromolecules. Unwanted biofilms may have a number of adverse consequences such as reducing heat transfer in heat exchangers, obstruction of porous membranes, surface contamination ships hulls etc. In addition, pathogenic bacteria growing in a biofilm also pose a health hazard when this kind of film is found attached to biomedical implants, catheters, or on contact lenses. The presence of biofilms is difficult to treat because the bacteria are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. In an attempt to address these problems, we propose to develop an antifouling surface which releases on demand antimicrobial agents in the presence of a biofilm. The proximity and the positioning of the delivery system of bioactive agents under the biofilm will ensure a more efficient use of antimicrobial molecules and minimize side effects of the latter. To do this, we consider the use of layers of colloidal particles of meso-porous silica as delivery agents of antimicrobial agents. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NPS Ms) have demonstrated a strong potential for targeted delivery of therapeutic and bioactive agents. Their use in nanomedicine stems from their interesting properties of porosity, the size and the adjustable shape of these particles, their surface chemistry providing a great flexibility for various functionalizations. Moreover, it is possible to load them with various molecules or biomolecules (of various sizes, ranging from ibuprofen to RNA), and exert fine control of the adsorption parameters and release kinetics (desorption). These particles also demonstrate excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Keywords : biofilm, mesoporous nanosilica particles, microfluidics, antifouling surfaces.
Leroy, Céline Marie. "Films mésoporeux de TiO2 ou ZrO2 dopés EuIII : de la localisation des ions EuIII à l’étude des corrélations entre les propriétés de luminescence et la réactivité de surface." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13906/document.
Full textMaterials contemporary scientific research is largely devoted to the optimization and the elaboration of new poly-functional, multi-structured and size-reduced materials. Then, specific behaviors due to the different interfacial aspects of those materials – physical interfaces between different matter states, different chemical phases… or properties interfaces – have become a major issue requiring further investigations. In this context, our work deals with correlations that could be established between luminescence properties and surface reactivity of EuIII-doped metal oxide mesoporous thin films. As properties can be linked to materials structure, an important part of our work has been dedicated to structural characterization. EuIII ions incorporation specific effects and ions location within film walls have been particularly studied. Finally, it appeared that EuIII ions luminescence could provide a mean to follow redox reactions occurring within pores, such as organic compounds photo-degradation or metallic salts photo-reduction. In situ photo-reduction can lead to periodic arrays of metallic nanoparticles. La photo-réduction in situ permet la formation de réseaux périodiques de nanoparticules métalliques. Those materials can open up the way in many applications such as optical telecommunication, photonics, photocatalysis…
Tutashkonko, Sergii. "Élaboration du Ge mésoporeux et étude de ses propriétés physico-chimiques en vue d’applications photovoltaïques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0097.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the development of the new nanomaterial by bipolar electrochemical etching (BEE) - the mesoporous Ge and analysis of its physico-chemical properties for use in photovoltaic applications. The formation of mesoporous Ge by electrochemical etching has been previously reported in the literature. However, the important technological barrier of existing manufacturing processes was to obtain thick layers (above 500 nm) of the mesoporous Ge with perfectly controlled morphology. Indeed, the physico-chemical characterization of thin layers is much more complicated and the number of possible applications is very limited. We have developed an electrochemical model that describes the main mechanisms of formation of pores which allowed us to produce thick mesoporous structures of Ge (up to 10 um) with adjustable porosity in a range of 15% to 60% . In addition, the formation of porous nanostructures with well-controlled variable morphologies has now become possible. Finally, the mastery of these parametres has opened the extremely promising path towards the realization of porous multilayer structures based on Ge for many innovative and multidisciplinary applications. In particular, in the context of this thesis, the mesoporous layers of Ge were optimized for the purpose of performing a layer transfer process of a triple-junction solar cell via a sacrificial layer of porous Ge
Zimny, Kévin. "Cristaux liquides, empreinte pour la préparation de matériaux mésoporeux organisés : application à la synthèse d'oxyde de titane nanocristallin." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10111/document.
Full textThis work deals with the preparation of mesoporous materials from fluorinated liquid crystals via the LCT mechanism. Synthesis parameters have been optimized for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silica with the hexagonal H1 phase of water/C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH system. Results show a correlation between pore diameters of materials and hydrophobic diameters measured in liquid crystals. According to the coprecipitation method, incorporation of TiO2 in a silica matrix, synthesized using micelles (via the cooperative templating mechanism CTM) or the hexagonal phase of C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH/water system (via liquid crystal templating mechanism LCT). Both pathways lead to a loss of mesopore ordering and a decrease of the specific surface area when titania content increases. If materials are prepared via CTM mechanism TiO2 is present on the surface whereas TiO2 is in the bulk when LCT mechanism is used. Mesoporous thin films have been prepared via EISA method. Grazing incidence small angle X-Ray scattering and reflectivity analysis have been used to define the structure of films and the thickness of the different layers. Finally an original method has been developed for the preparation of ordered titania mesoporous materials. Precipitation of titania in the hybrid mesophase is activated by a NH3 treatment. The structure is preserved after calcination step which allow the formation of TiO2 anatase. Photocatalytic activity of these materials has been tested on the photodegradation of methylorange
Daher, Elias. "Conception de nouvelles nanostructures de ZnO pour une dégradation photocatalytique améliorée des polluants organiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS320.
Full textWith a continuously growing global industrialization reaching 6.1% in 2021 and a demographic burden of 8 billion people, today’s world is facing the most extensive energy shortages and environmental pollution in its history. Particularly, loaded effluents with recalcitrant organic toxic molecules from refineries, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and many other industries, are continuously endangering surface and groundwater water sustainability. With the low efficiency of conventional treatment techniques in addressing this issue, advanced oxidation processes have emerged as an efficient, promising, and inexpensive technology, capable of tackling different types of organic molecules in aquatic mediums. Amongst these techniques, heterogeneous photocatalysis has emerged as one of the most efficient and economical methods due to the photocatalyst reusability and lack of secondary disposal requirements. The technique is based on the generating of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical upon the exposure of a photocatalyst material to light, making it a green and sustainable technology. These ROS are well-known for their strong oxidation capacity toward organic matter, leading to their mineralization into harmless molecules such as water and carbon dioxide. For that reason, developing an efficient and eco-friendly photocatalyst is of great importance. In this scope, Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been attracting high attention due to its high conversion efficiency of photonic energy, low production price, low degree of toxicity to marine/human life, and long life span. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges facing this material is the limited photocatalytic efficiency due to the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Therefore, new strategies have been developed to enhance its photocatalytic activity such as designing new micro/nanostructures of ZnO or coupling the photocatalysts with other treatment techniques to produce synergic effects
Nadar, Latifa. "Surfaces fonctionnalisées à base de nanoparticules métalliques pour l'optique et la photonique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700483.
Full textSikolenko, Taisiia. "Films minces de silice mésoporeuse électrogénérée : contrôle de l’épaisseur et applications analytiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0242.
Full textThe combination of rich surface chemistry of silica and ordered perpendicularly-standing hexagonal mesostructure of films generated by EASA makes this material a perfect choice for use as the electrode coatings. In this light, improvement of film design is a constant challenge in order to benefit from porous layer and to increase the efficiency of electrochemical sensors. The first part of project was centred around the optimisation of the film thickness towards the thinnest with preservation of the beneficial hexagonal structure. The mesoporous silica film (MSF) thickness is a parameter that can affect the mass transport through the silica coating to the electrode specifically because of the reactivity of surface silanol groups. Thinning of the MSF can facilitate the diffusion of species, while keeping the presence of the beneficial silica layer can increase the electrochemical response, hence, the sensitivity of analysis. Two approaches were used in order to decrease thickness. The first was a study of the effect of the deposition time during the modification of the electrode (EASA process). The second one was the wet etching of film after its deposition. The thinnest uniform MSFs, which can be generated on indium tin oxide (ITO) surface, require minimum 10 seconds deposition with an applied potential equal to -1.3 V and a 100 mM silane-containing sol. This gave rise to 80 ± 9 nm coating. Post-synthesis etching with the soft fluoride solution of ammonium fluoride, NH4F, allowed to control the decrease of the MSF thickness. By keeping the surfactant inside the silica pores, template agent for the synthesis, the kinetic of the etching reaction was faster, but with a more homogeneous dissolution. It was possible to obtain the thinnest ordered MSF in comparison with an etching procedure conducted on MSF after the extraction of the template. The profilometry determined thickness of well-structured film with vertical pore orientation was respectively of 28 ± 9 nm for the templated silica films and 57 ± 11 nm for films without surfactant inside their pores. In the second part of the study, MSFs were applied to modify ITO electrodes for the development of electrochemiluminescence platform for detection of amine-containing herbicide glyphosate using co-reactant system with Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. Comparison between physical and chemical immobilisation of the organometallic agent was studied. Covalent functionalisation was achievable due to introduction of azide functions on co-condensation step with their further coupling with propargyl-functionalised derivative of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ complex by Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition reaction. The effect of the herbicide addition was investigated using electrodes with immobilised by two approaches Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ complex as well as in solution of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺, operating bare ITO electrode and ITO electrode covered with unmodified MSF. The evolution of electrochemical signal was used to conclude on the possibility to detect glyphosate
Hamdi, Khaoula. "Détection spectrophotométrique en temps réel d'hydrocarbures monoaromatiques (benzène, toluène et xylènes) dans l'air aux valeurs limites d'exposition professionnelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0328/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop a spectrophotometric sensor to quantify benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in real time at the level of the occupational exposure limit values, ie 20 ppmv for toluene, 50 Ppmv for xylenes and 1 ppmv for benzene. The study was carried out with several sensitive layers, a solid silicic material synthesized by the sol-gel process or thin films (less than 5 μm) deposited on quartz by dip-coating a suspension of nanoparticles or a precursor solution leading to mesoporous silica thin films. We were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of BTX detection in real time. The use of continuous mesoporous films has enabled a correct repeatability of the sensor (standard deviation <10%). Nevertheless, neither these silica films nor their functionalization by methyl groups have solved the problem posed by moisture. Only the use of a dryer that we implemented in the measuring device allowed the detection of toluene in the presence of ambient humidity. In this configuration, interference of 40 ppmv of butanone, acetone and ethanol was also eliminated. Finally, the design of a multi-plate cell allowed to reach detection limits of 1 ppmv at 267 nm for toluene, 1 ppmv at 274 nm for p-xylene and 5 ppmv at 252 nm for benzene. Finally, this limit of detection can be lowered to 1 ppmv at 190 nm for benzene
Dourdain, Sandrine. "Caractérisation structurale, poreuse et mécanique de films minces de silice mésoporeuse.Influence de la fonctionnalisation." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201895.
Full textLes paramètres pertinents influençant la structuration des films minces ont été appréhendés. En particulier, des études in situ par réflectivité des rayons X et par Diffusion en incidence rasante des rayons X (Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering, GISAXS), ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle prédominant de l'humidité relative. Des protocoles d'extraction par rinçage à l'éthanol ont été établis pour dégager efficacement les structures mésoporeuses sans les écraser.
Une méthode d'analyse de la porosité des films minces a ensuite été développée. Cette méthode est basée sur l'analyse quantitative des courbes de réflectivité par la méthode matricielle. Complémentée par l'analyse des clichés GISAXS, elle nous a permis de déterminer sur couche mince non seulement la porosité, la taille des pores et des murs mais aussi la surface spécifique et la distorsion des pores.
Les pores de ces films mésoporeux ont une dimension idéale pour y parfaire l'étude de la condensation capillaire de l'eau. Quand l'eau pénètre dans les pores, le contraste de densité électronique décroît fortement. Ainsi, les techniques de diffusion des rayons X (réflectivité et GISAXS) permettent de suivre les isothermes de condensation et de désorption de l'eau dans les pores. La distribution de taille des pores peut alors être obtenue. Les isothermes d'adsorption d'eau ont permis également d'estimer la porosité, mais aussi d'appréhender par le biais de l'équation de Laplace, les propriétés mécaniques des films en accédant à leur module d'Young.
Finalement nous avons conclu cette thèse par l'étude de la fonctionnalisation des films par divers groupements fonctionnels localisés à la surface des mésopores, dans l'optique de modifier leur hydrophilicité ou leur réactivité chimique.
Chavez, Panduro Elvia Anabela. "Synchrotron Nano-scale X-ray studies of Materials in CO2 environment." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1010/document.
Full textThe work that is presented in this manuscript is the result of a series of experiments that were performed both at the Université du Maine (IMMM Le Mans) and at the ID10 and ID02 beam lines of the ESRF (Grenoble) where I have equally spent half of my time. The project I have been working on for three years was mostly oriented on the study by means of X-ray scattering probes of nanomaterials that were exposed to supercritical CO2. As a result another part of this work will be also dedicated to describing the properties of this supercritical fluid and how it interacts with materials such as polymers for instance. The analyzed materials were thin film and small island of polystyrene, then materials mesostructures using fluoro-surfactants and finally calcium carbonate. Due to the nanoscale of these materials, the X-ray probes that were extensively used in this work were Small Angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) and X-ray Reflectivity (XRR)
Leccese, Silvia. "Interaction between Orange Carotenoid Protein and mesoporous silica : from spectroscopic investigations to photoactive nanodevices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS537.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of interactions between the Orange Carotenoid Protein and mesoporous silica SBA-15, aiming to the development of photoactive nano-devices. The photoactive Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is a protein involved in photo-protective responses in cyanobacteria. It induces the thermal dissipation of excess solar energy counteracting oxidative stress and photodamage. OCP consists of two structural domains sharing a non-covalently linked antioxidant carotenoid as a chromophore. Blue light induces photoactivation of OCP and its colour changes from orange to red. SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous) was chosen as an inorganic support for OCP aiming at the development of photochromic bio-compatible nanodevices. SBA-15 is a mesoporous silica matrix that has attracted much attention as host for immobilization of enzymes as well as drug delivery systems. The structural parameters of SBA-15, such as the diameter of pores, can be modified by tuning parameters of its synthesis. Furthermore, the ability to modify the surface properties of SBA-15 can provide higher protein immobilization capacity. In this work we have immobilized OCP on different kinds of raw and surface-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and we have structurally characterized the systems. SBA-15 matrices have demonstrated to be suitable supports for OCP, whose immobilization is strongly enhanced by the pre-photoactivation of the protein. OCP remains photoactive inside the mesoporous silica matrix, thereby producing photochromic nanoparticles. FTIR difference spectroscopy studies strongly suggest that the photoactivation mechanism is the same as in solution, and very similar for all the studied OCPs. Furthermore, under appropriate conditions, OCP can also be released from SBA-15 nanoparticles. Finally, we have developed photoactivable nanodevices with intensity-tuneable fluorescence based on OCP- and dye-loaded SBA-15 nanoparticles. More in details, we have immobilized synthetic cyanine dyes or natural fluorescent antioxidant flavonols on SBA-15, in presence of OCP. Blue light illumination was found to provide reversible quenching of red or green fluorescence under green or violet illumination, respectively. In addition, SBA-15 act not only as a biocompatible scaffold, but also as a protecting agent against aging of the developed nanodevices
Karman, Cheryl. "Génération électrochimiquement assistée de films sol-gel nanostructurés orientés : fonctionnalisation par « chimie click », caractérisation et applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0218/document.
Full textIn this work, we exploited the vertically-aligned mesoporous silica thin films generated by electro-assisted self-assembly (EASA). First of all, we present a study about the amplification of charge transfer of a repulsed anionic redox probes [i.e. Fe(CN)63-/4-] through the negatively charged silica film by using neutrally or positively charged redox probes [Fc(MeOH)2 or Ru(NH3)63+ respectively] through redox mediating processes. Furthermore, the functionalization can be conducted by combining EASA method to obtain azide-functionalized silica film and further letting it react with an ethynyl-bearing reactant (e.g. ethynyl-ferrocene) according Huisgen click chemistry. The resulting ferrocene-functionalized silica films are electroactive, involving an electron hopping mechanism between adjacent ferrocene moieties. The electrochemical oxidation of ferrocene into ferricinium ion generates positive charges that are compensated by the ingress of anions into the film, opening the door to possible indirect amperometric detection of non-electroactive anions by flow injection analysis. Operating in an electrolyte-free flow, each injection of an anion (e.g., NO3-) at an electrode biased at a suitable positive potential (i.e., +0.5 V) gave rise to an amperometric response proportional to the anion concentration. However, to avoid the decrease of the electrochemical signal due to the progressive consumption of ferrocene in multiple successive analyses, it was necessary to regenerate the electrode by reduction of ferricinium moieties, which can be achieved in-situ by square wave amperometry. The feasibility to apply such indirect amperometric detection scheme in suppressed ion chromatography (for detecting anions in mixture) was also demonstrated. The oriented mesoporous film can also be functionalized with ruthenium(II)bipyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+ using the same method. Optimization of the functionalization level is controlled electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and monitored through the UV-vis spectra. Further study is conducted upon the charge transfer (electron hopping along the adjacent sites) and the mass transfer of the compensating counter anion through the mesochannels by varying the CV potential scan rate. The emission of the [Ru(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+-functionalized film and its quenching in the presence of oxygen are evidenced in both aqueous and organic solvent, giving opportunities to apply the film for different application, such as electrochemiluminescence sensor and oxygen detection. Lastly, the vertically-aligned mesoporous silica film is used as a hard template to grow polyanilinine nanofilaments. The growth of ordered polyaniline nanofilaments is controlled by potentiostatic polymerization. In such small pore template (2 nm in diameter), quasi-single PANI chains are likely to be produced. From chronoamperometric experiments and using films of various thicknesses (100−200 nm) it is possible to evidence the electropolymerization transients, wherein each stage of polymerization (induction period, growth, and overgrowth of polyaniline on mesoporous silica films) is clearly identified. The advantageous effect of mesostructured silica thin films as hard templates for the generation of isolated polyaniline nanofilaments is demonstrated from enhancement of the reversibility between the conductive and the nonconductive states of polyaniline and the higher electroactive surface areas displayed for all mesoporous silica/PANI composites. The possibility to control and tailor the growth of conducting polymer nanofilaments offers numerous opportunities for applications in various fields including energy, sensors and biosensors, photovoltaics, nanophotonics, or nanoelectronics
De, Paz-Simon Héloise. "Sol-gel photopolymerization of inorganic precursors and application for mesoporous silica films elaboration." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH6112/document.
Full textWhereas sol-gel process has been extensively studied almost no papers concerning photoinduced sol-gel process subsists. This later is based on in situ generation of acids or basics species able of initiating hydrolysis and condensation reactions happening on sol-gel process. This photoinduced alternative is particularly adapted for preparation of thin films and has lots of advantages such as photolatent, stable, solvent and water free initial formulation along with faster reaction rates. In one hand, from simple inorganic precursors, a kinetic and mechanistic study of the photoacid-catalyzed sol-gel reactions was realized. Then, we attempt to define what chemical, physical and photochemical parameters determine the precise sequence, kinetics and advancement of these reactions under different processing conditions Furthermore, an equivalent photobase-catalyzed sol-gel process has been also studied thoroughly. In a second hand, we focus on application of this photoinduced process for the preparation of mesoporous silica films. A triblock copolymer surfactant was added to the initial inorganic precursor. Feasibility of this photochemical approach from water and solvent free formulation was first investigated and mesoporous films were obtained. Then, we work on understanding the two interdependent mechanisms: surfactant self-assembly and inorganic network condensation. The system was after that optimized in order to have a precise control of pore size and structure. Finally, the last point involves organic photodegradation in order to liberate porosity
Nasir, Tauqir. "Electrochemical sensors of environmental pollutants based on carbon electrodes modified by ordered mesoporous silica." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0089/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present the electrochemical detection of herbicides i.e. paraquat and isoproturon in aqueous samples. These herbicides are used worldwide extensively for weed control in different crops. Their intensive use is a source of environmental contamination and their toxicity is a threat to Human health. Electrochemical sensing is a promising and advantageous technique as compared to conventional detection methods due to its properties such as rapid analysis, ease of operation, cost effectiveness and high sensitivity as a result of working electrode modification. Here, we modified electrodes modified with mesoporous silica thin films to act as herbicide sensors. These electrodes were modified by electrochemically assisted self-assembly process, a well-established process for electrode modification by our group. In the first part adhesion of mesoporous silica film at carbon electrodes was improved with the help of a primary amine which acted as molecular glue for better attachment of these films at electrodes surface. In the next part these modified electrodes were used for electrochemical detection of above stated herbicides. Modified electrodes showed enhanced sensitivity and low limit of detection as compared to unmodified ones. Effect of different solution parameters as well as film thickness and electrode geometry was also studied and found to have critical impact on sensitivity of the system