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Academic literature on the topic 'Couches minces – Innovation'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Couches minces – Innovation"
Wollesen, Laura. "Nouveaux films minces scintillants ultra-denses et solutions alternatives pixélisées pour l'imagerie synchrotron par rayon X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m60k28pm.
Full textThe development of scintillators with high stopping power for high spatial resolution X-ray imaging at synchrotrons has been performed by employing two approaches. The first approach was to grow thin Single Crystalline Films (SCFs) of high density and effective Z number by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE). This is to reach ultimate high spatial resolution while maximizing the absorption efficiency of the films. Before attempting to develop the LPE procedures, the compounds were investigated with a Geant4, Monte Carlo simulation tool combined with subsequent analytical calculations to evaluate their scintillating spatial response. Ultimate high-density compound, Lu2Hf2O7, and other hafnates have in this framework been successfully grown on ZrO2:Y substrates. The atomic structures of the films were confirmed to be iso-structural with the substrate and have a low lattice mismatch. It was experienced that various elements could enter the structure, and a surprising flexibility of the hafnate system for LPE growth is thereby realized. The grown films of Lu2Hf2O7 doped with Europium are discovered to scintillate. However, the substrate itself displays low-intensity emission. The films have a rather low light output but deliver a good spatial response validated by MTFs as well as when performing radiography and tomography. The second approach was to grow state-of-the-art SCF scintillators in a micro-structured manner by LPE. The aim is to increase the stopping power by having tall pillars containing light and maintaining a good spatial response. LSO:Tb and GGG:Eu, were grown micro-structured onto laser-treated LYSO:Ce and GGG substrates, respectively. The morphology of the pillars varies depending on the compound and the substrate orientation. The atomic structures and luminescent properties are comparable to their normal SCF counterparts. Thereby a proof of concept has been demonstrated
Perrot, Virginie. "Méthode innovante de croissance de couches minces de MOF par CVD pour la détection de gaz." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1331.
Full textOn-site and real-time measurement of gas concentrations are crucial for both the understanding and the monitoring of industrial and environmental processes. In recent years, there is an increasing need to develop portable multi-gas analysis tools allowing in situ detection of complex gas mixtures mainly due to safety, process and environmental considerations. A promising approach is based on the integration of the different parts of the analytical system (i.e. pre-concentrator, gas chromatography column, gravimetric sensors) in a silicon die by using standard microelectronic technologies. Each of these devices need to be coated by an appropriate functional layer. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF), hybrid microporous crystalline materials with tuneable properties, are attractive for this type of application regarding their high specific surface area and chemical stability. However, these materials are usually synthetized via solvothermal techniques, which complicates the growth of continuous thin films and their integration in micro-devices. This work focuses on the development of a vapor phase-based route to produce Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 8 (ZIF-8) thin films, a MOF of particular interest. The growth method is based on the deposition of ZnO layers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a substrate followed by ZIF-8 formation using cyclic exposure to water vapour and organic ligand in the gas phase. This approach allowed formation of thin films with tunable thickness between 5 and 200 nm, independently of the initial ZnO thickness. The impact of the process parameters (temperature of the substrate, water vapor pressure…) on the MOF growth was studied. The composition, morphology and crystallinity were examined using a wide range of characterization techniques (AFM, SEM, XRD and FTIR). Moreover, the growth mechanism was investigated by XPS and ToF-SIMS to understand the role of water during the reaction and several hypotheses were given. Finally, the as-synthesized films were thermally activated and the porosity was assessed using ellipsometric-porosimetry. Pore volume represents 30 % of the volume of the films in some cases. The adsorption properties of the films were also investigated using gravimetric gas sensors. Indeed, ZIF-8 films were grown on quartz crystal microbalance to study the interactions between the layer and several gases (methanol, acetone and water) in order to determine the benefit of ZIF-8 thin films in sensors. This work shows that the sensors coated with the ZIF-8 enable the detection of all the gases independently in the range of concentration tested. However, the sensitivity of the methanol detection is highly impacted by the addition of relative humidity
Majdoub, Fida. "Innovative measurement of ultra-low friction : analysis of dynamic free responses characterized by damped oscillatory motion." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001752.
Full textKhazaka, Rami. "From atomic level investigations to membrane architecture : an in-depth study of the innovative 3C-SiC/Si/3C-SiC/Si heterostructure." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4023/document.
Full textDue to its outstanding physico-chemical properties, the cubic polytype of silicon carbide (3C-SiC) gained significant interest in several fields. In particular, this material emerged as a potential candidate to replace Si in MEMS devices operating in harsh environment. The development of 3C-SiC/Si/3C-SiC heterostructures on top of Si substrate can pave the road towards original and novel MEMS devices profiting from the properties of the 3C-SiC. However, such epitaxial system suffers from wide range of defects characterizing each layer. Thus, we first tried to improve the quality of each layer in this heterostructure. This was achieved relying on two levers; (i) the optimization of the growth parameters of each layer and (ii) the understanding of the nature of defects present in each layer. These two key points combined together allowed an in-depth understanding of the limit of improvement of the overall quality of this heterostructure. After the development of the complete heterostructure, the fabrication of 3C-SiC microstructures was performed. Furthermore, we presented an unprecedented method to form free-standing 3C-SiC membranes in-situ during its growth stage. This novel technique is expected to markedly simplify the fabrication process of suspended membranes by reducing the fabrication time and cost
Renaud, Vincent. "Vers une rupture technologique des procédés plasma pour la structuration de la matière avec une précision sub-nanométrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT051.
Full textFor the past ten years, the semiconductor industry has faced an unprecedented challenge: to pattern materials presenting nanometric dimensions and high aspect ratio with an atomic precision. Un-fortunately, conventional plasma technologies based on the use of low-pressure plasma reactor with inductive (ICP) or capacitive source (CCP) no longer meet the requirements of the miniaturization of advanced microelectronics devices. In 2013, Leti / CEA and LTM proposed a new etching concept with interesting results for selective anisotropic etching of Si3N4 spacers. This process is based on two steps: an implantation step with light ions that modifies the material over a few nanometers followed by a selective removal step using a wet etching or a NH3/NF3 remote plasma. Initially, this concept required at least the use of two different and separated equipment but in 2016, the LTM acquired a prototype of reactor that allows to do these two steps in the same reactor. The reactor has the capability to produce both a capacitive discharge that is used for the implantation step and a remote plasma discharge in which only neutral species are involved adapted the selective removal step. In this context, the objective of this thesis work was to demonstrate the potential of this prototype reactor to perform selective anisotropic etching and to apply it to the Si3N4 spacer processes. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to unders- tand the mechanisms involved in the two steps of the process. The study of the modifications induced in a Si3N4 film by He or H2 implantation has shown that the modification depth is controlled by the ion dose and energy. Moreover, if the He plasma essentially leads to the breaking of Si-N bonds in the material, the hydrogen induces the creation of Si-H and N-H bonds. The study of the etching kinetics with in situ kinetic ellipsometry of Si3N4 and SiO2 in NH3/NF3 remote plasma has shown that the etching of these materials proceeds with the formation of (NH4)2SiF6 salt on the surface and that an incubation time exists before the reaction starts. The film is consumed during the formation of (NH4)2SiF6 and the reactive species diffuse through the layer of fluorinated salt causing a decrease of the etch rate with increasing time. Studies of the etching kinetics with substrate temperature and gas ratios have shown that the incubation time is due to a competition between the mechanisms of chemisorption of physisorbed reactive species and their desorption from the surface of the material both phenomena driven by the effect of the temperature. An increase in temperature promotes desorption of the etching reactants rather than their chemisorption, leading to an increases of the incubation times and a decrease of the etching kinetics. By modifying the surface state with He or H2 implantation, we have shown that it is possible to reduce the incubation times compared to a non-implanted film by promoting adsorption thanks to OH surface groups. This reduction of the incubation time provides a process window in which the selectivity of the implanted film is infinite prior to a non-implanted film. This result is very interesting for the Si3N4 spacer etching process in which the selectivity between horizontal (implanted) and vertical surfaces (non implanted) is capital. Based on this understanding, we have developed a process cycling an implantation step followed by a remote plasma removal step whose time has been adjusted to be within the process window. The results are promising since it is possible to achieve a very good selectivity between the top and bottom of the spacers over both the non-implanted sidewalls and underlying silicon substrate
Books on the topic "Couches minces – Innovation"
Ohshima, Takeshi, Hiroshi Yano, Kazuma Eto, Shinsuke Harada, and Takeshi Mitani. Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2019. Trans Tech Publications, Limited, 2020.
Find full textSilicon Carbide and Related Materials 2019. Trans Tech Publications, Limited, 2020.
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