Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Couches minces d’oxydes'
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Tchiffo, Tameko Cyril. "Croissance et propriétés de couches minces d’oxydes pour microsources d’énergie." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2068/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the realization of oxide thin films and the study of their properties for photovoltaic or thermoelectric devices. In the first part, the TiOx properties are studied for use as an optically active transparent conductive oxide to put in front of the PV cells or, as optical coupling layer to interpose between the metal reflector and the absorbent layer of a PV cell. The layers are deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This method allows to get stoichiometric or oxygen deficient layers by controlling the oxygen partial pressure during the growth. The layers are doped with Nb to enhance electrical conductivity and/or with Nd for the conversion of Ultra-Violet photons to Near Infra-Red photons. Insulating and transparent layers, luminescent layers or conducting and absorbent layers are obtained. The TiO₁,₄₅₋₁,₆₀ films show polaronic or bipolaronic conductivity and exhibited the jump of electrical conductivity with jump height and temperature depending on the nature of the dopants. A second part of the manuscript concerns thermoelectricity in which the properties of cobalt calcium oxide are modulated for an efficient conversion of low temperature gradients centered at 300-365K. The control of the oxygen concentration of films allows to obtain the polymorphic phases CaxCoO₂,Ca₃Co₄O₉ and Ca₃Co₄O₆,₄₋₆,₈ having metallic or semiconducting behavior depending on the deposition temperature. The Ca₃Co₄O₆,₄₋₆,₈ films show high Seebeck coefficients (S) ≥ 1 000 μV/K and low electrical resistivity (3.8 to 6 mΩ.cm). Such interesting values have to be confirmed by additional experiments in order to be used as thermoelectric films
Harada, Nao. "Élaboration de couches minces d’oxydes dopées terres rares par CVD pour les technologies quantiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLC029.
Full textThis work was carried out within the framework of the European SQUARE project, which aims to demonstrate functionalities in the field of quantum technologies using doped earth-rare oxide materials. The ambition of this thesis is to establish the first building blocks for the future development of quantum computers and memories as well as the scaling up of these components. In this context, the longest possible optical coherence times, i.e. the time during which quantum information is maintained, are targeted. I worked more specifically on the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) matrix doped with europium ions (Eu3+) in the form of thin filmson silicon. The synthesis technique developed is direct liquid injection chemical vapour deposition (DLI-CVD), which allows great flexibility in composition and processing. The deposition conditions have been optimised to allow the production of polycrystalline thin films of very good purity and crystal quality, leading to solid solutions of (Y(1-x)Eux)2 in a wide range of doping. The optical properties of the rare earth ions in this matrix were studied by high resolution spectroscopy. For doping of 2% Eu, inhomogeneous linewidths of nearly 20 GHz and homogeneous linewidths, measured by the spectral hole burning technique, of 10 MHz, could be demonstrated, which are to our knowledge the lowest obtained for sub-micrometer thin films. These values are nevertheless higher than those reported for materials of equivalent composition in the form of bulk crystals or nanoparticles. Despite the benefits of this thin film platform, specific decoherence-inducing defects exist, and it will be necessary to identify and reduce their presence. This work paves the wayfor very interesting prospects for the use of these materials in hybrid structures or optical resonators for communications or quantum information processing
Peng, Weiwei. "Etude de la dynamique et de la structure de couches minces d’oxydes fonctionnels : srTiO3, VO2 et Al2O3." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112035.
Full textIn order to understand the relations between growth, microstructure, interface structure, strain, and physical properties in functional oxide thin films for further applications, a study of infrared and THz spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculation has been performed on the films/substrates model systems, in particular epitaxial SrTiO3/Si(001), VO2/Gd2O3/Si(111) films and alumina/alloy films. The vibrational characteristics of the crystal structure of films have been investigated in the mid and far infrared ranges on the AILES beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL. This experimental vibrational study has been combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulation to allow for the first measure of the crystalline structure of these thin films. The 2-dimensional lattice modification compared with the bulk materials has been discussed. The strain effect in the films can be evaluated on the phonon shifts compared with the crystal spectrum. The influences of epitaxial conditions on the local interatomic structure of SrTiO3/Si(001) thin films have been estimated. The nature of STO-Si interface can be characterized by the phonon modes. The metal–insulator transition (MIT) of VO2 thin films on Gd2O3/Si(111) substrate have been studied by IR spectroscopy. The variations of optical and dielectric properties during the MIT, as well as the phonon intensities, indicate that the MIT is driven by electron correlation and the low temperature M1 monoclinic phase of VO2 is a Mott insulator. This result may help to better understand and control the MITs of VO2 thin films in the device applications
Ardyanian, Mahdi. "Structure et propriétés optiques d’oxydes de germanium contenant des nanostructures de germanium et influence de leur dopage à l’erbium." Nancy 1, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2007_0050_ARDYANIAN.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is reporting on the structural and optical characterization of GeOx germanium oxide thin films, of GeOx/SiO2 multilayers, and of the influence of erbium doping in the GeOx:Er thin films. The samples were prepared by evaporation of GeO2 powder and deposition on substrates maintained at 100°C. The films are substoichiometric with the GeO1,5 composition. With annealing treatments, a demixtion phenomenon occurs in the films, according to the reaction GeOx => GeO2 + Ge, which corresponds to the appearance of amorphous germanium aggregates in a GeO2 matrix. For annealing temperatures less than 400°C, the GeOx thin films and the multilayers show a broad band at 800 nm attributed to defects in the GeOx film. This band disappears after a thermal treatment at 400°C and a new band appears at lower energy. This band is attributed to amorphous germanium aggregates confined in the germanium dioxide matrix. The doping of the GeOx films with erbium allows us to observe a photoluminescence signal at 1. 54 μm characteristic of the 4I13/2 => 4I15/2 transition in the Er3+ ions. It is possible to correlate the intensity of this band to the presence of the band at 800 nm in the doped films, which suggests that an energy transfer mechanism between the band of defects and the level 4I9/2 of the erbium ions. The experiments of passivation with hydrogen confirm this assumption since the passivated undoped films, which do not present any band at 800 nm, do not show either any band at 1. 54 μm when they are doped
Garnier, Jérôme. "Elaboration de couches minces d’oxydes transparents et conducteurs par spray cvd assiste par radiation infrarouge pour applications photovoltaÏques." Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENAM0030.
Full textMaterials like metallic oxides are both properties of electrical conductivity and good transparency in the visible range. They are called "Transparent Conductive Oxides", TCO. Nowadays, the most used of this material is the indium oxide doped with tin (ITO). Indium is scarce and expensive since the huge fiat screen industries demand on ITO, his priee is thus increasing a lot. Research is looking for a challenger like tin oxide or zinc oxide which are promising materials. Different techniques can be used to deposit such materials in thin films. We chose the method called Spray-CVD because association of good quality deposition from CVD reaction and facility to handle precursors by spray is advantageous. Thus, this technique is simple and economic. The special feature of this deposition method is used infrared lamps as heating mode. Association of Spray-CVD technique and infrared heating is unique as far as we know. We called this entire system: IRASCVD (InfraRed Assisted Spray Chemical Vapour Deposition). Two strategies are developed to deposit competitive TCO thin films with our technique. The first one consists in building an experimental reactor of Spray-CVD in our laboratory. Fluorine doped and undoped tin oxide thin films have been studied and parameters of IRASCVD reactor have been optimized. These films have been used as transparent electrodes for organic solar cells. This allows us to validate the technique of TCO deposition. The second strategy consists in using a R&D reactor based on the same principle. We deposited aluminum doped and undoped zinc oxide in this reactor. We focused our work on infrared influence on thin films properties. A comparison with films deposited with classical heating such as hot plate has been done. This study highlights infrared impact on TCO thin films
Mejai, Najah. "Évolution microstructurale et transition de phase induites par faisceaux d’ions dans des couches minces épitaxiées d’oxydes de terres rares." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS468/document.
Full textAfter doping, the rare earth oxides can acquire interesting optical properties for the optoelectronic devices of the future. These materials can also be used as neutron absorbers in nuclear reactors. Whether during the doping process or in the reactor, these oxides are subjected to irradiation conditions with intense ions. It is important to understand their behavior in this extreme environment. This is the objective of this thesis during which a fundamental study of model materials(epitaxial layers assimilable to single crystals)under ionic irradiation was conducted. The main results show that a phase change, from cubic to monoclinic, occurs under irradiation. This transition, which is not directly driven by the energy deposited by the ions, takes place in several stages linked to distinct microstructural evolutions. Finally, the composition plays a role in the change of structure, gadolinium oxide being more rapidly transformed than Erbium oxide
Le, Tulzo Harold. "Exploration de procédés tout-ALD via la synthèse de couches minces à base de sulfures et d’oxydes pour l’élaboration de cellules photovoltaïques de type CIGS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC011.
Full textThe goal of this doctoral research project is to use the advantages of the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) technique for the synthesis of innovative materials to be used in the future generations of CIGS thin film solar cells. ALD technique allows the deposition in smooth conditions (low temperature, mbar pressure level) of conformal and uniform films, with a high control of the thickness at the atomic layer scale. Due its unique features, it is now widely applied in the field of microelectronics. In photovoltaics, the need to control at smaller scale and more accurately the thickness and the interfaces of the films implies a wide development of ALD in the next years. The main focus of this project is the synthesis of new materials with a fine interface engineering that will be integrated in CIGS devices and allows the elaboration of all-ALD solar cell. The doctoral candidate will pilot a new ALD reactor, and use its new functionalities to synthesize materials from innovative chemical precursors. In parallel, a second ALD reactor equipped with a plasma module will give access to other reactivities and allow further optimization of the interfaces. Understanding the reaction mechanisms involved via in-situ studies (for which two new analytical tools will be implemented by the student during the project) and materials characterization (XRD, SEM/EDX, optical transmission ...) will be compulsory for the success of this project. Finally, those materials will be integrated in CIGS devices, and tested to validate new concepts and allow the development of more efficient photovoltaic devices with reduced cost of atoms. In addition to this, they will be the building blocks of a first all-ALD solar cell
Duchatelet, Aurélien. "Synthèse de couches minces de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 pour cellules solaires par électrodépôt d’oxydes mixtes de cuivre-indium-gallium." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10163/document.
Full textThin film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 can reach conversion efficiency higher than 20 % by vacuum deposition techniques. In order to decrease the production costs, other techniques are considered. One of them, already developed at the industrial level, consists in the electrodeposition of Cu, In and Ga by stacks on a molybdenum substrate, and then to selenize the layer by reactive thermal treatment. The alternative way developed in this work consists in taking advantage of the strong affinity of indium and gallium for oxygen by electrodeposition of the three elements as oxides, then to reduce the layer by reactive annealing. The electrodeposition mechanism is studied by voltamperometry and chronoamperometry. It is based on a local pH increase at the electrode surface by nitrate reduction that enables copper, indium and gallium oxides/hydroxides precipitation. Electrodeposition conditions are optimized and deposits are characterized. The reduction of the oxide layer by annealing is then studied under hydrogen atmosphere diluted in an inert gas. The reduction kinetic of gallium oxide is very slow and the optimized annealing conditions lead to the formation of GaMo3 phase in addition to the expected Cu-In-Ga alloys. The selenization at 550°C leads to the formation of CuInSe2 and the segregation of Ga near the cell back contact. First cell results obtained by this process show conversion efficiency up to 9.4%. A multi-step selenization process is developed and enables a better Ga homogeneity in the layer
Peperstraete, Yoann. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge de films minces d’oxydes fonctionnels intégrés sur silicium : apport des modélisations ab initio." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS148/document.
Full textPbZr₁₋ₓTiₓO₃ (PZT) is a complex perovskite that has many properties, some of which are already used industrially. Thus, in spite of the toxicity of lead and its oxides, this material is still under extensive investigation. In this thesis, we are interested of both experimental and theoretical IR absorption spectroscopy of this compound. To do so, we used the CRYSTAL code, based on the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals method and periodic Density Functional Theory (LCAO-DFT) in order to facilitate the interpretation of experimental spectra, recorded on the AILES beamline of synchrotron SOLEIL. In this goal, we first studied the two building blocks of PZT: PbTiO₃ (PT) and PbZrO₃ (PZ). Our results are in very good agreement with what has already been done in the literature. We, thus, could carry out a precise interpretation of their absorbance spectra. Moreover, transferable parameters (in particular the basis set and the functional) have been determined and used to study PZT. The supercell method, coupled with a statistical analysis, provided promising results, comparable with experimental data and, thus, helpful for their interpretation. In order to make a step towards the real PT crystal, we started the simulation of ultrathin films and oxygen vacancies to investigate their effects on the IR absorption spectrum
Hild, Florent. "Étude de la structure et des propriétés optiques de couches minces d’oxydes d’étain dopés avec des terres rares (Ce, Tb, Yb)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0294/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the structural characterization and the photoluminescence properties of tin oxide thin films doped with rare earths. The films are doped with cerium, terbium and ytterbium. The films were obtained by evaporation of SnO2 on silicon substrates. The as-deposited films were sub-stoichiometric and the films were then annealed in air at 600°C to reach rutile phase. The microstructural study reveals a substrate oxidation leading to a chemical reaction between tin oxide and silicon, and a complex microstructure. To limit the chemical interaction during annealing, silicon substrate coated with thermal silica were used. Undoped films show a broad luminescent band, which is discussed and linked with the microstructure. On the other hand, the structural study of doped films demonstrated the crystallization of a second phase of SnO2, which is orthorhombic. A STEM-EELS study allow to localize the rare earths ions in the films. Finally, the luminescence properties of the rare earths were study with respect to their concentration and the temperature of annealing. After annealing at 700°C, the Tb-doped films emit intensively in the green region, which might be of interest for the development of SnO2-based green light emitting diodes
Li, Qiran. "Développement de matériaux d’électrodes à base d’oxydes complexes pour des dispositifs de fortes capacitances." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2019.
Full textThe aim of the project of the development of electrode materials for devices of high capacitance is to enhance the geometric capacitance of a capacitor by the careful choice of electrode materials and thus to minimize the size of the passive devices in microelectronics. Nowadays, most of the efforts have been made on the development of the dielectric material and the structure of the capacitors to improve the performance of the latter. However, an alternative method for capacitance enhancement is to choose a specific electrode material, such as a 2D electron gas or a strongly correlated system. In this thesis, firstly the synthesis and characterization of an ultrathin film of SrVO3 buried between two LaVO3 films are described. The buried SrVO3 films show good conducting properties with strong electron-electron correlations and, for a thickness of only some unit cells, the characteristics of reduced dimensions. The study of capacitors based on LaVO3/SrVO3 is also presented. The second part is firstly devoted to the study of LaNiO3 thin films, a strongly correlated system, optimizing their conduction performance. Capacitors based on LaAlO3/LaNiO3 presented both enhanced (2 to 2. 5 times) and reduced capacitance values compared to the geometric ones, depending on the types of applied electrodes. These effects have not been identified yet in other similar systems, and demonstrate the importance of the electrode properties on the capacitance
Hamze, Hassan. "Dépôt d’oxydes métalliques sur verre par plasma froid à pression atmosphérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10027.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop and characterize the deposition of thin metal oxides based on silicon and tin by an atmospheric pressure cold plasma to improve properties of glass materials and find an ecological alternative to existing processes. This research is divided into three main parts: the first part consists in depositing from Hexamethyldisilan and Hexamethyldisiloxan thin films of SiO2/SiOxCy on soda-lime glass to improve its mechanical strength. The second part consists in depositing a thin layer of SnO2 on fluorosilicate glass from Tetrabutyltin and Tributyltin Oxide to develop an environmental friendly alternative to the current chemical vapor deposition process used in glass industry. Finally, the silicium and tin based deposits obtained are used in the third part to stop corrosion surface of fluorosilicate glasses. In parallel, the physicochemical properties of these thin films will be characterized with advanced technologies in order to optimize the deposits
Jullien, Maud. "Synthèse et caractérisation de films minces d’oxydes pour le développement d’un système électrochrome "tout céramique"." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL069N/document.
Full textElectrochromic systems are currently attracting increasing interest because they allow control of optical properties in the visible and near infrared. In a previous study, NaSICon (Na+ Super Ionic Conductor) electrolytes were synthesized as thin films by physical vapour deposition. It is therefore possible to develop an “all-ceramic” electrochromic system with sodium movement synthesized by magnetron sputtering. This work focuses on two resaerch areas:The first part concerns the development of the device’s counter electrode. Thin films were synthesized in the Na-W-O system by sputtering Na2WO4 targets. Adjustment of the work pressure allows the control of the Na/W ratio. Indeed, it is possible to synthesize nanocrystallized films of NaxWO3+ with x<1Electrochemical characterizations by voltamperometry showed the possibility to insert reversibly sodium. It is possible to use these compounds as electrochromic layer, and to use thick films of WO3 as counter electrode. The second part is the study of transparent conductive electrodes of aluminium doped zinc oxide (ZnO : Al). Strong variations of electronic conduction were observed. The most resistive films show on one hand an increase of the parameter c of the cell, and also a low mobility of charge carriers (optical measurements) consistent with the presence of zinc vacancies and oxygen over-stoichiometry. In addition the electronic structure of films, probed by XANES spectroscopy, shows the existence of two different coordinations of the aluminum atoms with oxygen. These observations suggest deterioration in the conductivity by the formation of a homologous structure (ZnO) mAl2O3
Elisabeth, Stéphane. "Élaboration de couches minces diélectriques d’oxydes de titane et de silicium à forte permittivité et indice optique par procédé plasma PECVD basse pression." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=7e02e9c6-eea3-4b64-aeda-81caa1c7c185.
Full textThis work is devoted to the synthesis of dielectrics material at low pressure (0. 4 mbar) and low temperature (<100°C), on silicon substrate, by inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (ICPPECVD) in continuous, pulsed power and pulsed precursor injection mode. The studied dielectrics are silicon and titanium based oxides (TiO2 and TiSiO) deposited by O2 plasma with high diluted rate precursor for titanium (TTIP, titanium tetraisopropoxide) and/or silicon (HMDSO, hexamethyldisiloxane). The first part is mainly focused on the study of mixed oxide thin films TixSi1-xO2 with adjustable properties. Versus precursor flow rate, a wide range of oxide TixSi1-xO2 (x=0. 1 à 0. 82) is reachable with variable optical index from 1. 45 (SiO2) to 2. 5 (TiO2). The composition of the films, the morphology and the optical properties was determined respectively from XPS analysis, microscopy (SEM and TEM) and ellipsometry. TiO2 thin films are highly crystallised whereas TiSiO thin films are amorphous and non-columnar for x<0. 53. Electrical properties of TixSi1-xO2 thin films, evaluated by C(V) and I(V), seems to be interested for MIM capacitor fabrication : high permittivity, k=7 with low leakage current <10-6 A. Cm-2 @2. 5MV. Cm-1. The second part explore two new deposition mode: pulsed RF power and pulsed precursor injection. The first mode allows us to reduce the deposition temperature at 50 °C while keeping anatase phase with high photocatalysis activity. The second mode allows us to create nanostacked oxide with different composition
Geiskopf, Sébastien. "Étude de la structure et des propriétés optiques d’alliages de SiP et de films minces d’oxydes de silicium riches en phosphore." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0024/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study of the structural and optical properties of SiP and phosphorus rich silicon oxide thin films. In phosphorus rich Si films annealed at 1100˚C, the formation of SiP crystallites coexisting with Si polycrystals is observed. SiP, which crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure, is a lamellar material which is of potential interest for the development of new 2D materials. The vibrational characterizations are in good agreement with DFT calculations for the SiP alloy. Photoluminescence measurements further suggest that SiP is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a gap of 1.5 eV. In the case of phosphorus-rich silicon oxide thin films, the structural and optical properties are studied over a wide range of phosphorus concentrations. The photoluminescence intensity of Si nanocrystals follows a complex evolution as the amount of phosphorus increases. For low phosphorus contents, the photoluminescence intensity increases which is interpreted by an increase in the density of nanocrystals and by a passivation effect by phosphorus of the electronic states located at the nanocrystal/matrix interface. Photoluminescence measurements at low temperatures revealed a phosphor-related electronic state located at 0.6 eV below the Si nanocrystal conduction band. This result shows the possibility to incorporate electrically active phosphorus atoms into Si nanocrystals. For phosphorus contents higher than 0.3 at.%, the photoluminescence intensity of Si nanocrystals decreases and then disappears completely. This is related on the one hand to the formation of Si nanocrystals having sizes larger than the exciton Bohr radius in Si (i.e. 5 nm) and on the other hand to the formation of SiP2 nanoparticles crystallizing in an orthorhombic structure. For phosphorus contents above 3 at.%, only SiP2 nanoparticles are observed in the films. The spectroscopies associated with transmission electron microscopy confirm the stoichiometry of the SiP2 compound. The vibrational properties are in excellent agreement with DFT calculations for the SiP2 alloy
Guillaumont, Marc. "Variantes d’oxydes de métaux de transition : relations entre structure, transport et performances bolométriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI022.
Full textInfraRed detection, formerly reserved to defense and spatial applications, is currently undergoing deep changes which open new opportunities. Uncooled microbolometer technologies, compatible with classical semiconductors processes, are now able to produce low cost thermal imagers and this will open the door to customer markets in a close future.The technology developed in the CEA/LETI laboratory use the amorphous silicon (noted "a-Si") as the thermistor material. This material has many advantages, in particular, its excellent compatibility with the classical tools used in microelectronic industry. However, better performance in the thermistor material is still needed to address future applications.To handle this challenge, CEA/LETI laboratory is currently developing thermistors made of transition metal oxides thin films. The study presented hereby is based on various transition metal oxides samples deposited in the CEA/LETI Laboratory.Characterization of the structure and the electronic transport for each of these samples allowed us to put in evidence correlations between microscopic structure and conduction mechanisms. Two main figures of merit impacting the overall material performance were investigated : the TCR, Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (which must be maximized) and the 1/f noise (which must be minimized).Finally we conclude this work by highlighting majors outlines governing the performance of a thermistor
Sun, Hui. "Synthèse par co-pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive et caractérisation de revêtements d’oxydes conducteurs transparents à base de CuCrO2 de structure délafossite." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0292/document.
Full textTransparent conductive oxides (TCOs) can be widely used in various domains from electrochromics to photovoltaicsowing to their unique optoelectronic properties. During the history of the development of TCOs, most attention hasbeen focused on n-type TCOs, while p-type TCOs have made slow progress. Recently, the studies on p-type TCOsraised many interest especially due to their potential application in the fabrication of transparent p-n junctions.Based on the theory of chemical method of valance band, CuCrO2 compound with delafossite structure isconsidered as an interesting candidate for p-type TCOs. The objective of this work is to synthesize CuCrO2-basedthin films with acceptable optical transmittance and high p-type electrical conductivity in order to explore thepossibility of fabrication of transparent p-n junctions for various applications.In this work, CuCrO2 films were deposited by reactive sputtering from metallic targets. Then, partial Cr substitutionby Mg was performed into CuCrO2 films and the influence of the films thickness on its optoelectronic properties wasstudied. Finally, sandwich architectural coatings of CuCrO2 :Mg/Ag/CuCrO2 :Mg were designed in order to improvethe films optoelectronic performances
Xia, Bingbing. "The growth and application of thin films grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS576.
Full textWe have studied the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) growth mechanisms of ZnO, TiO2, Al2O3 and HfO2 thin films, in particular using stable isotopic tracing in conjunction with the isotopically sensitive ion beam analysis techniques Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA). By using ALD precursors labelled in rare isotope deuterium we distinguish the origin of the bulk and impurity elements in each of the films - from one or other of the precursors, or from residual gases in the reaction chamber. The relative contributions are followed as a function of deposition temperature, from below to above the ALD temperature window. We show by NRA determination of carbon in the films that there is a narrower temperature range, within the ALD window, for which residual contaminants are minimized. We found that the film surface structure could be smooth or rough depending on the grown materials. By growing different couples of films A-on-B or B-on-A, in differently labelled precursors, we highlight the role of the water molecule in the multilayer growth mechanism, and could observe the H and D atomic diffusion in the multilayer system. In the TiO2/ZnO multilayer system, we developed a prototype sandwich structure that facilitates proton ion transport when the multilayer film is electrically polarized in an acid electrolyte also enriched in deuterium or using deuterium labelled acids, under conditions relevant to the operation of proton ion batteries (PIB). The depth distributions of H and D established in this system by ERDA showed fast galvanostatic proton insertion and extraction. We have studied the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) growth mechanisms of ZnO, TiO2, Al2O3 and HfO2 thin films, in particular using stable isotopic tracing in conjunction with the isotopically sensitive ion beam analysis techniques Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA). By using ALD precursors labelled in rare isotope deuterium we distinguish the origin of the bulk and impurity elements in each of the films - from one or other of the precursors, or from residual gases in the reaction chamber. The relative contributions are followed as a function of deposition temperature, from below to above the ALD temperature window. We show by NRA determination of carbon in the films that there is a narrower temperature range, within the ALD window, for which residual contaminants are minimized. We found that the film surface structure could be smooth or rough depending on the grown materials. By growing different couples of films A-on-B or B-on-A, in differently labelled precursors, we highlight the role of the water molecule in the multilayer growth mechanism, and could observe the H and D atomic diffusion in the multilayer system. In the TiO2/ZnO multilayer system, we developed a prototype sandwich structure that facilitates proton ion transport when the multilayer film is electrically polarized in an acid electrolyte also enriched in deuterium or using deuterium labelled acids, under conditions relevant to the operation of proton ion batteries (PIB). The depth distributions of H and D established in this system by ERDA showed fast galvanostatic proton insertion and extraction
Bouhani, Hamza. "Couches minces à base d’oxyde multiferroïque appliquées à la réfrigération magnétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0131.
Full textEnergy is essential for humans in everyday life and critical to economic growth and developement progress in industrial sectors. The global energy sources are mostly from fossil resources (e.g oil, coals, gas) being dominant source of local air pollution and emitter of the most dangerous green house gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), largely responsible for the ozone layer depletion. In the context of the current shortage of those ressources due to the continuously increase in demands in energy and while fossil reserves will eventually run out, the discovery and development of a low-carbon technologies become critical with the need to decarbonise and reduce our dependency to fossil fuels. One of theses technologies is the magnetic refrigeration based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). In this thesis, we have investigated the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of strongly correlated oxides thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition in view of their portential application in magnetic cooling. The obtained results reveal that the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of PrVO3 (PVO) compounds can be easy tailored by using the thin films approach. Particularly, the coercive magnetic field was dramatically decreased making from the PVO compound a nearly soft magnet in the region where the magnetic entropy change is released as well as a considerable increase in saturation magnetization. Accordingly, a giant magnetocaloric effect is exhibited by PVO thin films grown on LSAT substrate at low temperatures showing the great impact of strain effects. This finding opens the way for the implementations of PVO thin films in some specific applications such as on-chip magnetic cooling of a nanoelectronic device and sensor technology. On the other hand, the DFT calculations have confirmed the ground state and the competition between magnetic interactions under compressive strains in PVO thin films. Our result not only suggests that epitaxial PVO thin films is potential for refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures but may also pave the way to create many novel functionalities in perovskite-type transition metal oxides by control of structural aspects.The mechanisms leading to the giant anisotropic magnetocaloric effect observed in HoMn2O5 single crystals are also studied. Both DFT calculations and Monte Carlo simulation allowed us to explore the role of Holmium ions as the main contributor to the MCE as well as the of the importance of the intrinsic anisotropic properties as a promising way to optimize the MCE for magnetic refrigeration application at low temperature regime as well as the implementation of compact and efficient rotary magnetic refrigerators
Da, rocha Mathias. "Influence de la non-stoechiométrie sur le comportement électrochrome de couches minces d’oxyde de nickel : de la couche unitaire au dispositif." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0565/document.
Full textElectrochromism is defined by the ability of a system to modify its optical properties in response to an electrical voltage and today, its flagship application is the smart windows. This manuscript contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism responsible of the coloration of the anodically colored oxide NiO. Non-stoichiometric films, Ni1-xO, were deposited by sputtering at room temperature under different partial pressures of oxygen. The characterization of the films by various techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy or energy loss spectroscopy, has led to the conclusion that the stoichiometry varied from Ni0.96O to Ni0,81O when P(O2) increased from 2% to 10%. The electrochemical study coupled with the optical measurements of Ni0,96O film in various lithiated and non-lithiated electrolytes showed that the color difference between the bleached and colored (brownish) state was comparable (42%<ΔT=Tbl-Tcol<55%) regardless of the electrolyte nature. These results led to the identification of a mechanism simultaneously governed by a faradaic and capacitive behavior. The integration of the films in Ni1-xO/WO3 devices is associated to neutral colored ECDs regardless of the thickness of the individual layers or the cycling temperature. However, cycling temperatures above 45°C has led to irreversible degradations of the electrochromic properties while negative cycling temperatures has shown a decrease or even disappearance of the electrochromic properties. The design of original devices concludes this manuscript
Toloshniak, Tetiana. "Développement de microcapteurs d’humidité à base d’oxyde de cérium." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2023.
Full textThe work scope of this thesis is within the context of realization of moisture sensor-based cerium oxide (CeO2) using three different technological processes. The first technological process is to produce a sensor from a ceramic pellet CeO2. In order to improve the sensitivity of cerium oxide sensors towards moisture, we added LiF to CeO2 (between 1 and 5% by weight) and have shown that the best sensitivity is obtained for a LiF amount of 5%. The second technological process has enabled us to realize sensors by depositing a thick layer CeO2 (> 1 µm) on a silicon substrate. This last one consisted of dropping off made suspension of CeO2 powder and a polymer (carbopol) by spin-coating to cover the Si substrate. Then, a post-deposition annealing was done to densify the thick layer obtained. In order to obtain a uniform layer, the rheological behavior of suspensions was studied. The thick layers of CeO2 were characterized by electron microscopy scanning, and Raman spectroscopy. After that we studied the sensitivity of this last to the moisture. The third technology method has enabled the manufacture of moisture sensors on CeO2 thin layers (< 1 µm). The thin films were deposited on a silicon substrate by r. F. Sputtering magnetron. The influence of various parameters to deposit thin layers of CeO2 (silicon surface treatment, argon flow rate, working pressure, etc…) and post-deposition annealing (RTA, microwaves, conventional) on the crystallinity and electrical properties of layers were studied. Indeed, all the layers deposited and annealed were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and their electrical properties were studied from capacity-voltage measurements. The sensitivity vis-a-vis the realized moisture sensors thin films has also been studied. A comparative analysis of the performance of different sensors should be effected at the conclusion of this study : it is possible to increase the moisture sensitivity by reducing the response time and hysteresis effect by miniaturizing the solid sensor to thick film and thin film sensor
Limam, Emna. "Étude des mécanismes de dégradation de couches minces d'argent protégées par un revêtement d’oxyde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066757.
Full textBecause of his unique optical properties, silver is more and more used in satellite mirrors, in particular for earth observation missions. Because of silver instability, a protective layer is necessary. Nevertheless, major defects (sulfidation points) observed during qualification and storage phases still raise the question of mirrors durability, particularly given that they are often stored for 10 to 15 years after satellite assembly. Our study focused on the space mirrors degradation, more specifically on the degradation of silver layers protected by oxide films () in the presence of sulfur components. Accelerated ageing in the presence of sulfur (gaseous or ions) manifests itself by sulfidation points growing from the silver layer through the protective layer defects, thus forming silver sulfide columns. The growth rate of these sulfide columns is fast at the beginning then slower and is accelerated by temperature and pressure. Degradation in solution () is markedly faster than in gas (). Moreover, the substrate surface morphology influences strongly the stability. Mirrors optical performances are markedly impacted by sulfidation. Mirror degradations were correlated to optical performances losses. The study of the non-accelerated ageing highlighted the major role of humidity in the silver layer degradation, involving layers delamination and protective layer cracking. As a consequence, the silver layer sulfidation is accelerated. On the basis of our results, a mirror degradation mechanism is proposed. Finally, a qualification test of the stability of mirrors against sulfidation was proposed
Beaurepaire, Sylvain. "Effet de recuits thermiques sur des diélectriques à faible permittivité pour des applications Back-End-of-Line intermédiaire en vue d'une intégration 3D séquentielle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT085.
Full text3D monolithic integration is becoming a new challenge towards developing advanced integrated electronic devices. One of the main key process is to obtain low dielectric constant materials (low-k) able to ensure the classical role of electrical insulator between different stacked conducting layers, but that can withstand high processing temperatures (> 500°C). The “classical” low-K materials cannot fulfill these requirements. The main aim of this thesis is to develop such materials by using appropriate doping of classical low-k materials that can show enhanced thermal stability. In particular, a study will be conducted on the evolution, after thermal processing, of point defects density such as dangling bonds and highly polarizable bonds. Indeed, these defects play a major role in determining the electrical characteristics of the low-k material (leakage current, reliability,…). Chemical vapor deposition techniques will be used to grow the low-k material, and a number of structural and compositional analysis techniques will be used to get access to the material characteristics (elliprometry, XRR, FTIR)
Lecerf, Céline. "Elaboration et caractérisations de films d’oxyde de gallium dopés terres rares." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2056.
Full textAmong transparent conductive oxides, gallium oxide is of particular interest because of its singular wide band gap (around 4. 9 eV) which makes it optically transparent from infrared until ultraviolet light. Gallium oxide is also a good host matrix to exhibit the luminescence of rare earth ions. Neodymium and then europium doped gallium oxide thin films have been deposited on silicon and sapphire substrates by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering and submitted to an appropriate thermal treatment in order to obtain the stable monoclinic -phase. Transparent properties have been demonstrated. Neodymium doped films have shown an efficient luminescence activity at ~900 nm and ~1070 nm, corresponding to the 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 transitions of the Nd3+ ions, respectively. Europium doped films have exhibited a luminescence activity in the visible spectral range, the most intense emission being at about 615 nm, corresponding to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition of the Eu3+ ions. The dependence of the neodymium and europium contents in the films on the structural and photoluminescence properties have been studied. Moreover, the optical mechanisms involved have been investigated to be explain in the neodymium as well as in the europium doped films. Gallium oxide films doped with the suitable rare earths could be used to fabricate optoelectronics devices such as white light emitting diodes (LED)
Wora, Adeola Ganye. "Propriétés de luminescence de films d’oxyde de silcium dopés à l’erbium." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10132/document.
Full textPhotoluminescence (PL) at 1.54 µm from erbium is studied in two systems containing silicon clusters. The first one consists of size-controlled silicon nanoclusters (Si-nc) obtained by annealing SiO/SiO2 multilayers. A coupling effect between Si-nc and Er3+ ions has been proved. The Si-nc size effect on PL at 1.54 µm has been also studied. The second system consists of SiOx (x _ 2) films. These films which not contain Si-nc show intense PL at 1.54 µm and the maximum is obtained for the SiO1 sample annealed at 700°C. The origin of this PL is correlated to the structure of the films. Time-resolved PL measurements at room-temperature and at helium temperature have been performed to study the luminescence mechanisms at 1.54 µm
Gaudy, Thomas. "Etude d’un jet plasma à la pression atmosphérique pour le dépôt d’oxyde de silicium." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP0002.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the operation of a double helium plasma jet at atmospheric pressure, and to optimize the film deposition of dense inorganic silicon oxide from a liquid precursor organosilicon. The discharge is performed between two needles and a single plane by a dielectric which is on the substrate. Between needles and plan, the jets are confined in a tube 1. 8 cm in diameter separated from the surface by a millimeter. Several discharge regimes are observed and characterized by current and voltage measurement, fast imaging, optical emission spectroscopy. Numerical simulation of gas flow has helped explaining the experimental results. The diffused discharge filling the confinement tube was correlated with turbulent gas flow, the discharge localized to laminar gas flow, inducing a sheath of helium by air inside the confinement tube, limiting the development of discharge, and showing a "plasma bullet" on the positive peak. The configuration provides a turbulent mode for low gas flow (<2slpm). The silicon oxide films have been optimized. The formation of powders was systematically eliminated by adjusting the flow ratio of precursor gas and vector. Dense deposits were obtained from tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The amount of carbon in the films is substantially reduced by increasing the energy per molecule of the precursor and with the addition of oxygen in the plasma
Steciuk, Gwladys. "Application de la précession des électrons en mode tomographie à l’étude de phases apériodiques et de films minces d’oxyde." Caen, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01676934.
Full textThe advancement in electron crystallography techniques allows today to face new challenges in terms of structural analyzes. Particularly, this work uses the precession electron diffraction tomography method (PEDT) which is a procedure similar to that of the rotating crystal X-ray diffraction and consistent with crystals of a few tens of nanometers. The first part concerns the study of structural and dielectric properties (ferroelectric relaxor type) of a new family of modulated incommensurate phases derived to Aurivillius phases. A structural model could be established by PEDT and confirmed by neutron powder diffraction to the series of ABi7Nb5O24 compounds (A = Ba, Sr, Ca, Pb). The crystallochemical analysis of these new materials was then used to extend the family to other compositions in both BiO1,5-NbO2,5-BaO and BiO1,5-NbO2,5-WO3 systems. If the first part attests the power of PEDT data analysis to solve complex structures within the kinematic approximation, reliable refinement of the resulting model is problematic. In the second part of this thesis, a new refinement procedure from PEDT data involving the dynamic theory of diffraction is presented. First thoroughly testing on CaTiO3 and PrVO3 perovskite compounds (powder), this approach has proved particularly promising. The challenge was then to use the new approach in order to describe the slight structural variations of these compounds deposited as epitaxial thin films
Park, Dae Hoon. "Optimisation de films minces électrochromes à base d’oxyde de nickel." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14031/document.
Full textAiming at enhancing the electrochromic properties of NiO thin films, deposited on FTO substrates, we have employed three different approaches. They deal with: 1) lithium doping of NiO, the corresponding thin film-deposition method is PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition); 2) NiO nanoparticles embedded into zinc doped amorphous titanium oxide matrix, a solution method is used to deposit the corresponding thin films ; 3) Carbon-doped NiO thin films deposited using, a specific sol-gel method. Owing to lithium doping of NiO, we could induce film amorphization, thereby enhancing the film electrochemical-capacity. Most importantly, the adhesion between the film and the FTO substrate was improved leading to enhanced electrochemical cyclability in aqueous KOH electrolyte. We could enhance the electrochromic performances of TiO2/NiO composite thin films by doping TiO2 with Zn2+, forming to a new composite thin film Ti1-xZnxO2-x?x-NiO. Finally we have successfully stabilized the electrochromic properties (durability and optical property) of NiO thin films in aqueous KOH electrolyte, owing to the development of a specific sol-gel method leading to carbon-doped NiO nanoparticles. For the first time 25000 cycles were successfully achieved without significant decrease of the electrochromic performances
Ramírez, Botero Asdrúbal Antonio. "Modélisation, simulation, optimisation et commande d’un procédé d’évaporation réactive assistée par plasma pour la production de couches minces d’oxyde de zinc." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0348.
Full textIn this work the modeling, simulation, dynamic optimization and control of a Plasma Assisted Reactive Evaporation process (PARE) for the deposition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films are proposed. Initially, a dimensional unsteady-state model was developed for the process, this model apply dynamic material balances to the process and accounting for diffusive and convective mass transfer, and bulk and surface reactions in order to establish the space-time evolution of the concentration of the species (O_2(g) , O_((g))^., O_((g))^-, 〖Zn〗_((g)), 〖Zn〗_((g))^+ and 〖ZnO〗_((g))) present throughout the reactor and compute the final film thickness. The case of study corresponds to a pilot reactor operated by the Semiconductor Materials and Solar Energy Research Group (SM&SE) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia where the ZnO thin films are used for the fabrication of different kind of solar cells (inverted inorganic solar cells, organic solar cells and perovskite based solar cells). The equations are spatially discretized using finite difference methods and then implemented and solved in time using Matlab®. The simulation results are validated by means of COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® which computes the same results; However, to complete the others objectives of the project it will keep using the finite difference method under Matlab® because it offers more flexibility in the perspective of dynamic optimization and control of PARE process. To corroborate the model, experimental measurements of ZnO film thickness were carried out using a thickness monitor on a pilot reactor designed and implemented by the Semiconductor Materials and Solar-Energy (SM&SE) Research Group at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. After 90 min of deposition time the simulated results and the experimental measurements exhibit a very good agreement, just around 20 nm discrepancy in the final thin film thickness hence showing the high accuracy of the developed model. The dynamic optimization problem is transformed into a non-linear programming (NLP) problem using the CVP method, i.e. the control variables are approximated by means of piecewise constant functions. It is then implemented within Matlab and solved using fmincon optimizer. Two different optimization problems are proposed., in the first problem Zn flow rate (V_(w,Zn)) is considered as control or manipulated variables u(t) and in the second problem both Zn flow rate (V_(w,Zn)) and Oxygen flow rate 〖(V〗_(w,O_2 )) are considered as manipulated variables. Quality constraints are established according to experimental studies that were performed in order to determinate the final product properties such as Transmittance, Resistivity, Film thickness and reactor parameters. Two optimization problems are solved taking as control variable the Zn flow rate and Oxygen flow rate in order to minimize batch time while some thin film desired properties (transmittance, resistivity and thickness) satisfy the defined constraints. The batch time was reduced in a 15% with respect to the current operating conditions used by the Semiconductor Materials and Solar Energy research Group. Finally, the optimal profiles of the Zn flow rate and Oxygen flow rate that were obtained in the optimization part were used to develop and simulated a regulatory control algorithm using the Simulink toolbox of Matlab®. The results obtained in the simulation of the control algorithm show that the designed controller has an appropriate performance by following the optimal flow trajectories and the ideal ratio of Oxygen and Zinc
Bejaoui, Amina. "Capteurs à base des couches minces d’oxyde de cuivre (II) (CuO) : Optimisation et modélisation en vue de la détection de gaz." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4316/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study and model a gas sensor based on a p-type metal oxide semiconductor (case of CuO). For this, thin layers of CuO have been developed in the microsensor team at the IM2NP laboratory from two different techniques: radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and thermal oxidation of thin copper films deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum. Different characterization techniques have been implemented to evaluate the properties of the thin films obtained in order to optimize them for sensor applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a homogeneous nanostructured morphology which has the desired porosity. Diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that these thin films have a single phase of CuO with a preferred orientation (111). Optical studies by ellipsometry in the visible spectral region were used to estimate the percentage of porosity in each layer. These layers have the crystallinity and purity required for use in gas sensors. The performances of these thin layers of CuO were evaluated for the detection of ozone and ethanol. Based on these results, a dynamic model was developed to simulate the reaction between the ionized oxygen species adsorbed on the surface of a p-type semiconductor with a gas, which is used to evaluate the influence of operating parameters (working temperature, oxygen concentration and gas pressure)
Houdé, Richard Solène. "Multifissuration de couches d’oxyde thermique sous chargement statique instrumenté par émission acoustique : application aux systèmes Ni/NiO et Zr/ZrO2." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2617.
Full textThis thesis is a work on the characterization of the damage of thermal oxide scales and in particular on the metal/oxide systems Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2. To study this damage, a multi-cracking test under SEM was carried out by coupling a traction micromachine with monitoring by acoustic emission inside the chamber of the scanning electron microscope. Various tests were carried out in order to configure the acoustic emission system to ensure that the recorded signals indeed come from the tensile specimens tested. This work made it possible to have a test making it possible to acquire the acoustic emission bursts specific to damage to Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2 systems under in-situ conditions. Thanks to this technical development, it was possible to propose damage scenarios for Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2 systems for two different oxide scale thicknesses (1 μm and 5 μm approximately) by coupling the information obtained by the SEM observations (on the surface of the specimens during tensile tests, and in cross section after rupture of the specimens) and analysis of the acoustic signals recorded during the tests. The analysis of the damage scenarios revealed notable differences between the two systems studied, but also differences within the same system depending on the oxidation conditions used to obtain the desired scale thicknesses. Beyond allowing proposals for damage scenarios, the analysis of the acoustic emission bursts made it possible to qualify different signatures for the propagation of cracks in mode I and in mode II
Ntomprougkidis, Vitalios. "Étude de l'interaction micro-décharges / surfaces métalliques pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de croissance lors du procédé PEO." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0077.
Full textPlasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an electrochemical surface processing technique that allows the growth of protective oxide films on lightweight metals (Al, Ti, Mg). Contrary to conventional anodising, PEO operates at high current density and voltage which results in the ignition of micro-discharges (MDs) over the processed surface The aim of this work was to investigate the characteristics of the MDs under different processing parameters and to correlate these characteristics with the microstructure of the produced oxide layers in order to better understand the oxide growth mechanisms. Firstly, PEO sequenced treatments were conducted by changing the electrical parameters in the course of a treatment. Results revealed a particular behaviour of the MDs which depends not only on the applied electrical parameters but also on the morphology of the growing layer. Results also evidenced an earlier transition to the beneficial “soft” sparking regime, contributing to a significant improvement of the microstructure of the oxide layer as well as process energy consumption. Time-resolved optical characterizations of the PEO process pointed out a correlation between ignition of MDs and the dynamic of the surrounding gas bubbles at the oxide / electrolyte interface. Particularly, results proved the existence of inner MDs during the “soft” sparking regime. Secondly, a multi-scale characterization of the typical “pancake” structure formed during the transition to the “soft” regime revealed the formation of a lamellar nanocomposite structure consisting of periodical alternations of alumina and metastable 1:1 mullite lamellae. Finally, two new opportunities for the PEO process were explored. The feasibility of duplex treatment involving cold-spray and PEO technologies was demonstrated and the possibility to produce metallic oxide (nano-) particles was proposed
Ghalgaoui, Ahmed. "Adsorption et dynamique femtoseconde de molécules de CO adsorbées sur des nanoparticules épitaxiées : sonde optique non linéaire, effet de taille et de support." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692450.
Full textChawich, Juliana. "ZnO/GaAs-based acoustic waves microsensor for the detection of bacteria in complex liquid media." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD012/document.
Full textThis thesis was conducted in the frame of an international collaboration between Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté in France and Université de Sherbrooke in Canada. It addresses the development of a miniaturized biosensor for the detection and quantification of bacteria in complex liquid media. The targeted bacteria is Escherichia coli (E. coli), regularly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne infections, and sometimes fatal.The adopted geometry of the biosensor consists of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) membrane with a thin layer of piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) on its front side. The contribution of ZnO structured in a thin film is a real asset to achieve better performances of the piezoelectric transducer and consecutively a better sensitivity of detection. A pair of electrodes deposited on the ZnO film allows the generation of an acoustic wave propagating in GaAs under a sinusoidal voltage, at a given frequency. The backside of the membrane is functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkanethiols and antibodies anti-E. coli, providing the specificity of detection. Thus, the biosensor benefits from the microfabrication and bio-functionalization technologies of GaAs, validated within the research team, and the promising piezoelectric properties of ZnO, to potentially achieve a highly sensitive and specific detection of the bacteria of interest. The challenge is to be able to detect and quantify these bacteria at very low concentrations in a complex liquid and/or biological sample.The research work partly focused on the deposition and characterization of piezoelectric ZnO thin films on GaAs substrates. The effect of the crystalline orientation of GaAs and the use of a titanium / platinum buffer layer between ZnO and GaAs were studied using different structural (X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, secondary ionization mass spectrometry), topographic (atomic force microscopy), optical (ellipsometry) and electrical characterizations. After the realization of the electrical contacts on top of the ZnO film, the GaAs membrane was micromachined using chemical wet etching. Once fabricated, the transducer was tested in air and liquid medium by electrical measurements, in order to determine the resonance frequencies for thickness shear mode. A protocol for surface bio-functionalization, validated in the laboratory, was applied to the back of the biosensor for anchoring SAMs and antibodies, while protecting the top side. Furthermore, different conditions of antibody grafting such as the concentration, pH and incubation time, were tested to optimize the immunocapture of bacteria. In addition, the impact of the pH and the conductivity of the solution to be tested on the response of the biosensor has been determined. The performances of the biosensor were evaluated by detection tests of the targeted bacteria, E. coli, while correlating electrical measurements with fluorescence microscopy. Detection tests were completed by varying the concentration of E. coli in environments of increasing complexity. Various types of controls were performed to validate the specificity criteria. Thanks to its small size, low cost of fabrication and rapid response, the proposed biosensor has the potential of being applied in clinical diagnostic laboratories for the detection of E. coli
Wang, Bin. "Comportement à l'oxydation des verres métalliques massifs à base de zirconium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769926.
Full textLeontyev, Anton. "Laser decontamination and cleaning of metal surfaces : modelling and experimental studies." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661695.
Full textMaaloul, Lanoir. "Dynamique de croissance par plasma RF magnétron des couches minces à base d’oxyde de zinc." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12351.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was to study the growth dynamics of zinc oxide based thin films by RF magnetron sputtering plasmas for advanced electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic applications. In this context, we have developed several diagnostics to characterize neutral and charged species in such plasmas, in particular electrostatic probe, optical emission and absorption spectroscopy, as well as plasma sampling mass spectrometry. Afterward, we have tried to correlate specific physical characteristics of as-grown ZnO thin films, in particular the deposition rate, to fundamental plasma properties. Our results have shown that the ejection of Zn, In and O atoms during the RF magnetron sputtering of Zn, ZnO and In2O3 targets does not significantly influence the number density of positive ions (and thus the electron density assuming quasi-neutrality) as well as the electron energy distribution function (populations of low and high energy). However, the ratio of the number density of metastable argon atoms (3P2) to the electron density decreases with increasing concentration Zn atoms; a feature that can be ascribed to Penning ionization of RF sputtered Zn atoms. Furthermore, over the range operating conditions examined in this study (low-pressure plasmas), the thermalization of sputtered atoms by collisions with atoms in the gas phase remains incomplete. We have shown that one of the consequences of this result is the presence of suprathermic Zn+ ions near the target. Finally, we have correlated the quantity of sputtered Zn atoms determined by optical emission spectroscopy with the deposition rate of ZnO thin films measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. This set of data lead us to the conclusion that mainly Zn atoms (and not excited and/or ionic Zn species) govern the growth dynamic of ZnO-based thin films during magnetron sputtering in argon RF plasmas.