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Journal articles on the topic 'Couche de diffusion (GDL)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 November 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ji, Sheng Zheng, Zhuang Song, and Ying He. "Study on Diffusion Characteristics of Liquid Water in Gas Diffusion Layer by Lattice Boltzmann Method." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 71 (September 18, 2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3yl8ms.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a crucial component of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), water flooding will occur during the operation of PEMFC, resulting in performance degradation, and its water management plays a significant role in PEMFC performance. To investigate the transport mechanism of liquid water in GDL, the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate the behavior of GDL droplets using the 'random reconstruction' method. The accuracy of this model by calculating the tortuosity and comparing it with reported results in literature. The effects of different GDL structural parame

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2

Alishahi, Marzieh, Claire McCague, and Majid Bahrami. "Evaluation of Porous Media Gas Diffusion Models for PEMFC Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (2022): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391762mtgabs.

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Abstract. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered as zero emission power sources for transportation and stationary power purposes. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the core of PEMFC and is composed of a gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalyst layer (CL) and proton exchange membrane (PEM). GDL is a carbon-based, fibrous porous medium that simultaneously provides a path for heat, mass and electron transport, as well as providing a mechanically robust support for the CL. The gas diffusion in the GDL can be estimated by Fick’s law where the effective diffusion coefficie

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3

Ringström, Marcus, Rakel Wreland Lindström, Göran Lindbergh, and Henrik Ekström. "Experimental Characterization of Anisotropic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Gas Diffusion Layers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 37 (2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01371645mtgabs.

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Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a vital component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) due its main functions to conduct electrons and heat between the adjacent fuel cell components, provide preferential pathways for product water removal and to provide uniform reactant gas flow distribution to the electrode surface. Because of the anisotropic GDL microstructure, the transport properties vary in the through-plane and in-plane direction. Furthermore, during fuel cell stack assembly pressures exerted on the flowfield land compress the GDL under land cause changes of the GDL microstructure

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4

Berger, Anne, Yen-Chun Chen, Jacqueline Gatzemeier, Felix N. Buechi, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Importance of Directed Water Removal: Intruding Microporous Layer Material into the Gas Diffusion Layer Substrate." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371766mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are an essential component of net zero emission scenarios by the International Energy Agency (IEA), most prominent in the heavy-duty transportation sector.[1-2] During operation, the PEMFC is subject to different operating conditions, particularly wet conditions where liquid water removal is crucial. It was observed that a microporous layer (MPL), commonly consisting of a carbon component (e.g. carbon black, carbon fibers) and a hydrophobic binder (e.g. PTFE), placed at the interface of the catalyst layer (CL) and the gas diffusion layer substrate (G

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5

Yang, Mingyang, Aimin Du, Jinling Liu, and Sichuan Xu. "Lattice Boltzmann Method Study on Liquid Water Dynamic inside Gas Diffusion Layer with Porosity Distribution." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3 (2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030133.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in the mass transfer process during proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation. However, the GDL porosity distribution, which has often been ignored in the previous works, influences the mass transfer significantly. In this paper, a 2D lattice Boltzmann method model is employed to simulate the liquid water transport process in the real GDL (considered porosity distribution) and the ideal GDL (ignore porous distribution), respectively. It was found that the liquid water transport in the real GDL will be significantly affected by th

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6

Yoshikawa, Makoto, Kotaro Yamamoto, Zhiyun Noda, et al. "Self-Supporting Microporous Layer for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." ECS Transactions 112, no. 4 (2023): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11204.0083ecst.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) used in a PEFC is thicker than the electrode catalyst layer and electrolyte membrane. Thinning down the GDL can reduce gas diffusion resistance and volumetric power density of PEFC stacks. In this study, MPL/GDL is prepared by printing microporous layers (MPLs) on carbon meshes of several tens of micrometers thick as substrates for thin-layer GDLs. Through various current-voltage and overvoltage measurements and microstructural analysis of the cells using these thin-layer MPL/GDLs, cell performance has been improved, equivalent to that of the state of the MPL/GDL.

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7

Yilmaz, Abdurrahman, Siddharth Komini Babu, Ugur Pasaogullari, Jacob S. Spendelow, and Rangachary Mukundan. "Optimization of the Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer Also Matters for Water Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (2022): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401491mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are a promising technology for the storage of energy from intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar. PEMWEs split water into hydrogen and oxygen electrochemically. Under typical operating conditions, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the cathode is not limited by reactant transport, since it is supplied by the rapid transport of protons from the polymer electrolyte and electrons from the external circuit. There are very limited studies on the role of the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL), typically a carbon-paper based layer.

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8

Berger, Anne, Michael Striednig, Christoph Simon та Hubert A. Gasteiger. "Determination of the τ/ε-Ratio for Gas Diffusion Substrates and Microporous Layers in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 172, № 1 (2025): 014508. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ada63e.

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An understanding of the GDL properties is crucial for high-current-density operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The parameters porosity ( ε ) and tortuosity ( τ ) directly link the theoretical diffusivity in free space and the effective diffusivity in the structure. The τ / ε -ratio is therefore an important descriptor for the gas diffusion in a porous network. This study characterizes the τ / ε -ratio for gas diffusion layer substrate (GDL-S) materials from two suppliers (Toray, Freudenberg) and for one microporous layer (MPL) using limiting current measurements in an op

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9

Jung, Sung Yong, Jooyoung Park, Hanwook Park, Hwanyeong Oh, and Jong Woon Moon. "Degradation Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer on Water Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 41 (2022): 2426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01412426mtgabs.

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Hydrogen is converted to electric power by proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which have received significant attention for transportation applications because of their high energy efficiency. In order to ensure the long-term stability, understanding about their long-term durability is essential because the operating performance deteriorates over time. Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) manage the transport of water generated from the CL during chemical reactions, and the degradation of the GDL significantly deteriorate the fuel cell performance. Compared to the fresh GDL, the water transp

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10

Truong, Van Men, Ngoc Bich Duong, and Hsiharng Yang. "Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer Thickness on the Performance of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Processes 9, no. 4 (2021): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040718.

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Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) play a critical role in anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) water management. In this work, the effect of GDL thickness on the cell performance of the AEMFC was experimentally investigated. Three GDLs with different thicknesses of 120, 260, and 310 µm (denoted as GDL-120, GDL-260, and GDL-310, respectively) were prepared and tested in a single H2/O2 AEMFC. The experimental results showed that the GDL-260 employed in both anode and cathode electrodes exhibited the best cell performance. There was a small difference in cell performance for GDL-260 and GDL-310, w

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11

Syarif, Nirwan, Dedi Rohendi, Ade Dwi Nanda, M. Try Sandi, and Delima Sukma Wati Br Sihombing. "Gas diffusion layer from Binchotan carbon and its electrochemical properties for supporting electrocatalyst in fuel cell." AIMS Energy 10, no. 2 (2022): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022016.

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<abstract> <p>The gas diffusion layer (GDL) in the fuel cell has been made from carbon dispersion electrochemically deposited from binchotan. We prepared GDL by spraying the ink on the surface of the conductive paper. The carbon was then characterized by its crystallography, surface functional groups and size by x-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR and PSA instrumentations. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy tests were applied to study the GDL electrochemical characters. Buble drop tests were used to obtain contact angles representing the hydrophobicity of the layer. The elect

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12

Kabouchi, Kaoutar, and Mohamed Karim Ettouhami. "Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Effects of Gas Diffusion Layer Porosity Differences." E3S Web of Conferences 601 (2025): 00080. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560100080.

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Fuel cells are a key technology for clean energy production due to their low environmental impact and their high efficiency, yet optimizing their performance remains challenging, particularly regarding the gas diffusion layer (GDL). The GDL is critical for distributing reactants and removing products within the cell. This study employs a 3D model, built in COMSOL Multiphysics, to simulate and assess fuel cell performance at different GDL porosity levels. The porosity varied from 0.2 to 0.8 in increments of 0.1, while all other material properties were kept constant. The results show that incre

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13

Qitong, Shi, Qianqian Wang, Feng Cong, and Pingwen Ming. "(Digital Presentation) A Constant Deformation Modulus for the Simulation of Gas Diffusion Layer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 41 (2022): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01412385mtgabs.

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The deformation of gas diffusion layer(GDL) directly affects gas diffusion and electron transfer in the fuel cell. The modulus of stress-strain relationship is the basic parameter in the process of deformation. In this paper, based on beam bending theory and geometric probability analysis, a nonlinear analytic model of stress-strain with physical meaning is established, and a constant deformation modulus of GDL is given. Based on the deformation modulus, we further simulate the inhomogeneous deformation of GDL within a half channel-rib model. The results indicate that the uneven deformation wi

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14

Qitong, Shi, Feng Cong, and Pingwen Ming. "(Digital Presentation) A Constant Deformation Modulus for the Simulation of Gas Diffusion Layer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (2022): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401494mtgabs.

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The deformation of gas diffusion layer(GDL) directly affects gas diffusion and electron transfer in the fuel cell. The modulus of stress-strain relationship is the basic parameter in the process of deformation. In this paper, based on beam bending theory and geometric probability analysis, a nonlinear analytic model of stress-strain with physical meaning is established, and a constant deformation modulus of GDL is given. Based on the deformation modulus, we further simulate the inhomogeneous deformation of GDL within a half channel-rib model. The results indicate that the uneven deformation wi

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15

Zhou, Ke, Tianya Li, Yufen Han, Jihao Wang, Jia Chen, and Kejian Wang. "Optimizing the hydrophobicity of GDL to improve the fuel cell performance." RSC Advances 11, no. 4 (2021): 2010–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09658j.

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16

Massaglia, Giulia, Eve Verpoorten, Candido F. Pirri, and Marzia Quaglio. "Nanostructured gas diffusion layer to improve direct oxygen reduction reaction in Air-Cathode Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells." E3S Web of Conferences 334 (2022): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233404012.

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The aim of this work is the development of new nanostructured-gas-diffusion-layer (GDL) to improve the overall behaviour of Air-Cathode Single-Chamber-Microbial-Fuel-Cells (SCMFCs). The design of new nanostructured-GDL allowed exploiting all nanofibers ’intrinsic properties, such as high surface ratio to volume, high porosity, achieving thus a good oxygen diffusion into the proximity of catalyst layer, favouring thus the direct oxygen-reduction-reaction (ORR). Nanostructured-GDLs were prepared by electrospinning process, using a layer-by-layer deposition to collect 2 nanofibers’ mats. The firs

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17

Atifi, A., K. El Bikri, and M. Ettouhami. "Numerical simulation of Effect of Contact Pressure on Gas Diffusion Layers deformation of a PEM Fuel Cell." MATEC Web of Conferences 286 (2019): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928609006.

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In this study, a two-dimensional, Finite Element model has been implemented based numerical modeling simulations to predict mechanical behavior of a representative unit of fuel cell stack deformation under three levels of contact pressure between GDL and bipolar plate assuming that the GDL deformation as a combination of elastic deformation and fibers slippage. The intrusion of the GDL into the channel was estimated. Indeed, with orthotropic behavior of the GDL, the proposed nonlinear orthotropic model converges towards the models of the literature as a function of the contact pressure level b

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18

Song, Dong Kun, Jung Soo Kim, Seung Heon Lee, et al. "Numerical Analysis of Patterned Gas Diffusion Layers with Hydrophilic Surface in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 67 (2024): 4702. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674702mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are electrochemical energy conversion devices which have strengths in efficiency and versatility. Water management is a major research topic for PEMFCs due to their low operating temperatures below 100 ℃ . The gas diffusion layers (GDL) play an important role in the water management of PEMFCs. The GDL typically get hydrophobic treatments to remove liquid water and facilitate high performance of PEMFCs. However, Islam et al. experimentally presented that hybrid wettability of GDL can promote liquid water transport by providing pathway for uninterrupt

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19

Ouerghemmi, Marwa, Christophe Carral, and Patrice Mele. "Experimental study of gas diffusion layers nonlinear orthotropic behavior." E3S Web of Conferences 334 (2022): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233404020.

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One of the most important components of PEMFC is the gas diffusion layer (GDL), owing to its key role in the reactant diffusion, water management, thermal and electron conductivity. Therefore, the GDL must have an optimal stiffness to ensure these transport functions during numerous hydrothermal cycles. The understanding of its behavior is still a remaining issue. Its orthotropic mechanical behavior requires a series of mechanical characterizations in the plane of the fibers and out of plane. In addition, there are different manufacturing processes for GDL in sheet or roll form to optimize its

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20

Nishida, Kosuke. "Numerical Simulation of Local Entropy Generation of Oxygen Transport in Cathode Diffusion Media of PEFC." ECS Transactions 112, no. 4 (2023): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11204.0043ecst.

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The oxygen transport in cathode electrodes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is a key process for determining their power generation performance. To identify the factors affecting its transport loss, this study introduced the analysis of local entropy generation into the conventional two-phase flow simulation in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a PEFC and estimated the distribution of the entropy production rate due to oxygen diffusion. The effect of land-channel geometry on its entropy generation in the GDL was also evaluated. The results revealed that the entropy generation o

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21

Munekata, Toshihisa, Takaji Inamuro, and Shi-aki Hyodo. "Gas Transport Properties in Gas Diffusion Layers: A Lattice Boltzmann Study." Communications in Computational Physics 9, no. 5 (2011): 1335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.301009.161210s.

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AbstractThe lattice Boltzmann method is applied to the investigations of the diffusivity and the permeability in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). The effects of the configuration of water droplets, the porosity of the GDL, the viscosity ratio of water to air, and the surface wettability of the GDL are investigated. From the simulations under the PEFC operating conditions, it is found that the heterogeneous water network and the high porosity improve the diffusivity and the permeability, and the hydrophobic surface decreases the permeability.

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22

Tateyama, Shota, Takahiro Suzuki, Mitsunori Nasu, et al. "Effect of GDL Structure and Operating Conditions on PEMFC Performance and Liquid Water Removal." ECS Transactions 114, no. 5 (2024): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11405.0367ecst.

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Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are responsible for diffusion of reactant gases into the catalyst layers, current collection and the removal of produced water. An accumulation of generated liquid water within the GDL, known as flooding, impedes the supply of reactant gas and results in the increase of concentration overpotential. Therefore, understanding of oxygen transport and produced water removal characteristics is required to enhance cell performance. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of GDL structure and operation conditi

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Tateyama, Shota, Takahiro Suzuki, Mitsunori Nasu, et al. "Effect of GDL Structure and Operating Conditions on PEMFC Performance and Liquid Water Removal." ECS Transactions 114, no. 5 (2024): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11405.0353ecst.

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Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are responsible for diffusion of reactant gases into the catalyst layers, current collection and the removal of produced water. An accumulation of generated liquid water within the GDL, known as flooding, impedes the supply of reactant gas and results in the increase of concentration overpotential. Therefore, understanding of oxygen transport and produced water removal characteristics is required to enhance cell performance. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of GDL structure and operation conditi

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24

Raciti, David, Trevor Michael Braun, Brian Tackett, et al. "Self-Supporting Ag Nanowire Mat Electrodes on PTFE Gas Diffusion Layers for Electrochemical Conversion of CO₂ to CO." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (2022): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401489mtgabs.

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High surface area nanocatalysts combined with conductive carbon-based gas-diffusion layers (GDL) enable high CO2 flux and conversion, but can suffer from ineffective catalyst utilization and flooding of the GDL ultimately limiting the lifetime of electrolyzer operation. Herein we explore an alternative gas-diffusion electrode that incorporates a self-conducting network of Ag nanowires on a non-conductive PTFE GDL (Figure 1 a-b) as a gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) for CO2 conversion (Figure 1 c-d). Properties influenced by Ag nanowire mat thickness and durability of the Ag nanowires are explored

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25

Edjokola, Joel Mata, Viktor Hacker, and Merit Bodner. "Investigation of Gas Diffusion Layer Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Via Chemical Oxidation." ECS Transactions 112, no. 4 (2023): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11204.0265ecst.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) enables and influences the internal transport of fuel, oxygen, electricity, heat and water. The GDL is made up of the macroporous substrate and the microporous layer. To achieve the hydrophobicity required for water management, the two layers are typically treated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Degradation of GDL, including carbon corrosion and PTFE loss, affects water management, conductivity and mass transport. GDLs were subjected to accelerated stress tests by immersing them in Fenton's reagent for 24 hours. Analysis of hydrophobic properties through cont

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26

Duque, Luis, Antonio Molinero, Juan Carlos Oller, et al. "Study of Mass Transport in the Anode of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with a New Hydrogen Flow-Rate Modulation Technique." ChemElectroChem 11, no. 14 (2024): e202400100. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400100.

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Hydrogen transport in the anode of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been studied with a modulation technique relating the hydrogen flow-rate (QH2) and the faradaic current (I), called Current-modulated Hydrogen flow-rate Spectroscopy (CH2S). A simple analytical expression for the transfer function, H(jω)=n*F*QH2/I , is provided, showing a skewed semicircle in Nyquist representation (−H'' vs. H'), extending from H’=0 to H’=1, and with the maximum frequency at ωmax=2.33*(DH2 /Li^2), where DH2 is the effective hydrogen diffusivity and Li the thickness

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Mohammadi, Amin, Majid Bahrami, Claire McCague, Esmaeil Navaei Alvar, and Kim Pascal. "Gas Diffusivity of PEM Fuel Cells Gas Diffusion Layer: Experimental Measurement and Modeling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 2972. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02442972mtgabs.

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The rate of gas transport through the PEMFC gas diffusion layers (GDL) is a function of GDL morphology, such as thickness, porosity, fibre diameters, tortuosity, etc.. Numerical methods can capture the intricacies of the GDL pore structure. However, the results obtained are specific to the analyzed structure and cannot be generalized to other GDLs due to inherent structural variations among different GDL types. By using a simplified representation of the complex pore structure, analytical methods offer a systematic approach to isolating the impact of each GDL structural property on GDL diffusi

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Saka, Kenan, Mehmet Fatih Orhan, and Ahmed T. Hamada. "Design and Analysis of Gas Diffusion Layers in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Coatings 13, no. 1 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010002.

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A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an energy convertor that produces environmentally friendly electrical energy by oxidation of hydrogen, with water and heat being byproducts. This study investigates the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this regard, the key design concerns and restraints of the GDL have been assessed, accompanied by an inclusive evaluation of the presently existing models. In addition, the common materials used for the GDL have been explored, evaluating their properties. Moreover, a case

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Zhao, Xinyue, Qiuwan Shen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Hongda Li, and Shian Li. "Influence of Key Parameters of GDL on Performance of Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolytic Cells." Eng 6, no. 6 (2025): 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6060111.

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Anion exchange membrane electrolyzer (AEMEC) is a promising hydrogen production technology device. An electrochemical model is developed using MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the impact of factors such as anion exchange membrane (AEM) thickness, operating temperature, pressure, and gas diffusion layer (GDL) parameters including GDL thickness, porosity, and pore size. The results showed that as the thickness of AEM, operating pressure, and GDL decreased, the electrolysis efficiency significantly improved, and energy consumption decreased. When the thickness of AEM decreases from 70 microns to 65 mic

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Indayaningsih, Nanik, Dedi Priadi, Anne Zulfia, and Suprapedi. "Analysis of Coconut Carbon Fibers for Gas Diffusion Layer Material." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.937.

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The main compound of natural fibers is a hydrocarbon. The heating of hydrocarbon in inert gas produces charcoal or carbon. Carbon materials are widely used for several purposes depending on the physical and electric properties, for example for hydrogen storage, conductive or reinforced plastics, catalyst supports, batteries and fuel cells. The main raw material of Gas diffusion Layer (GDL) of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a carbon. The properties of GDL are porous and electron-conductive material, because of the function of GDL is to distribute the gas as fuel and electrici

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Berger, Anne, та Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Determination of the τ/ε-Ratio for Gas Diffusion Substrates and Microporous Layers in an Operating Fuel Cell". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, № 35 (2022): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351456mtgabs.

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Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are expected to play a major role in the electrification of the transportation sector,[1] with recent focus shifting to the heavy-duty market. One essential aspect for increasing the power density of a PEMFC is optimizing the mass transport in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the cathode side of the cell. A careful choice of the commonly used carbon fiber based GDL is therefore necessary to optimize the performance at different relative humidity conditions. Among other important GDL properties such as the pore size distribution and the thermal condu

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Yasin, Nor Hafizah Yasin, and Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya. "IMMOBILISATION OF COPPER (I) OXIDE/ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON THE GAS DIFFUSION LAYER FOR CO2 REDUCTION REACTION APPLICATION." Malaysian Journal of Science 43, sp1 (2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol43sp1.2.

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The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂RR) represents a promising strategy for CO₂ mitigation, requiring highly efficient catalysts integrated into electrochemical devices to achieve high conversion rates and energy efficiencies for desired products. Establishing a gas diffusion electrode is crucial for practical applications of CO₂ electrochemical reduction reactions (CO₂RR). This study uses the air-spraying method to immobilise nano-catalysts onto a gas diffusion layer (GDL) with exceptional homogeneity. A composite of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in

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Hussain, Javid, Dae-Kyeom Kim, Sangmin Park, et al. "Experimental and Computational Study of Optimized Gas Diffusion Layer for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzer." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134554.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and PEM electrolyzer are emerging technologies that produce energy with zero carbon emissions. However, the commercial feasibility of these technologies mostly relies on their efficiency, which is determined by individual parts, including the gas diffusion layer (GDL). GDL transfers fluid and charges while protecting other components form flooding and corrosion. As there is a very limited attention toward the simulation work, in this work, a novel approach was utilized that combines simulation and experimental techniques to optimize the sinterin

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Lee, Haksung, Chan-Woong Choi, Ki-Weon Kang, and Ji-Won Jin. "A Study on the Evaluation of Effective Properties of Randomly Distributed Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Tissues with Different Compression Ratios." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217407.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) typically consists of a thin layer of carbon fiber paper, carbon cloth or nonwoven and has numerous pores. The GDL plays an important role that determines the performance of the fuel cell. It is a medium through which hydrogen and oxygen are transferred and serves as a passage through which water, generated by the electrochemical reaction, is discharged. The GDL tissue undergoes a compressive loading during the stacking process. This leads to changes in fiber content, porosity and resin content due to compressive load, which affects the mechanical, chemical and el

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Zhu, Yingli, Xiaojian Zhang, Jianyu Li, and Gary Qi. "Three-dimensional graphene as gas diffusion layer for micro direct methanol fuel cell." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 12 (2018): 1850145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921850145x.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL), as an important structure of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), provides a support layer for the catalyst and the fuel and the product channel. Traditionally, the material of GDL is generally carbon paper (CP). In this paper, a new material, namely three-dimensional graphene (3DG) is used as GDL for micro DMFC. The experimental results reveal that the performance of the DMFC has been improved significantly by application of 3DG. The peak powers increase from 25 mW to 31.2 mW and 32 mW by using 3DG as the anode and catho

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36

Yang, Danan, Himani Garg, Steven B. Beale, and Martin Andersson. "Numerical Reconstruction of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371718mtgabs.

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Flooding and dehydration reduce stability and power performance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) plays a crucial role in facilitating reactant gas transport and removing product water from the electrode. To suit various PEMFCs, GDLs with different shapes have been commercialized. The impact of the GDL structure on the surface-tension-driven water transport behavior remains poorly understood. However, this is one important aspect that can be controlled by proper design. In this study, the GDL performance is investigated by comparing curved and strai

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Peng, Ming, Enci Dong, Li Chen, Yu Wang, and Wen-Quan Tao. "Effects of Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer Configuration on the Performance of Open Cathode Air-Cooled Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176262.

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The design of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) is an effective way to manage water transport, thus improving the performance of air-cooled fuel cells. In the present study, three group designs of GDL with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—uniformly doped, in-planed sandwich doped and through-plane gradient doped—are proposed, and their effects on the performance of air-cooled fuel cells are explored by numerical simulation. The distribution of key physical quantities in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL), current density and the uniformity of current density distribution in the CCL were analyzed in deta

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Berger, Anne, Yen-Chun Chen, Jacqueline Gatzemeier, Thomas J. Schmidt, Felix N. Büchi, and Hubert A. Gasteiger. "Analysis of the MPL/GDL Interface: Impact of MPL Intrusion into the GDL Substrate." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 170, no. 9 (2023): 094509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acfa26.

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Interfaces are crucial for the water management in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The introduction of a microporous layer (MPL) had a revolutionary effect on the water distribution by improving the interface between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer substrate (GDL-S). Hence, it is vital to maximize the improvement by further characterizing and advancing the properties of the interfaces, in this case the MPL/GDL-S interface. This study aims at fabricating a GDL with an MPL that intrudes into the GDL-S, analyzing the impact on the GDL-S structure and on PEMFC perf

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Wang, Hao, Guogang Yang, Shian Li, Qiuwan Shen, Yue Li, and Renjie Wang. "Pore-Scale Modeling of Liquid Water Transport in Compressed Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Considering Fiber Anisotropy." Membranes 13, no. 6 (2023): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13060559.

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Water management of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is crucial to the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Appropriate water management ensures efficient transport of reactive gases and maintains wetting of the proton exchange membrane to enhance proton conduction. In this paper, a two-dimensional pseudo-potential multiphase lattice Boltzmann model is developed to study liquid water transport within the GDL. Liquid water transport from the GDL to the gas channel is the focus, and the effect of fiber anisotropy and compression on water management is evaluated. The results

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Pourrahmani, Hossein, Hamza Moussaoui, Milad Hosseini, et al. "Fluid Flow in the Gas Diffusion Layer Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Microscopy Techniques." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 24 (2023): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01241595mtgabs.

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The utilization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as an energy provider using hydrogen as a fuel has increased drastically. The reasons are the current limitation of fossil fuel-based devices, pollutants-free, high efficiency, and zero-carbon emission. The life-cycle assessment results of this type of fuel cell have also indicated the lowest contribution to global warming, human health, and resource scarcity in comparison to other types of fuel cells. In this regard, improving the performance of PEMFC is of importance. As an important component of the PEMFC, the gas diffusion lay

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Guo, Hui, Lubing Chen, Sara Adeeba Ismail, et al. "Gas Diffusion Layer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review." Materials 15, no. 24 (2022): 8800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248800.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an attractive type of fuel cell that have received successful commercialization, benefitted from its unique advantages (including an all solid-state structure, a low operating temperature and low environmental impact). In general, the structure of PEMFCs can be regarded as a sequential stacking of functional layers, among which the gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in connecting bipolar plates and catalyst layers both physically and electrically, offering a route for gas diffusion and drainage and providing mechanical support to

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Seo, Sangwon, Kwangyeop Jang, Jongwoo Park, and Dongjin Kim. "Synthesis of PTFE based Air Cathode for Metal Air Battery." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301005.

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A large number of researchers devotes deep study to reducing the contact resistance and improving the durability of air cathode. Air cathode consists of gas diffusion layer, current collector and catalytic layers. The network structure (gas diffusion layer, GDL) of Air cathode plays an important role in metal-air battery. This GDL makes the air-cathode semi-permiable. It means that H2O does not pass through GDL layer but O2 moleecules can pass the layer. For that reason, the optimization of sintering condition is very important process in manufacturing Air cathode. This article is about the de

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Yan, Song, Mingyang Yang, Chuanyu Sun, and Sichuan Xu. "Liquid Water Characteristics in the Compressed Gradient Porosity Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 6010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16166010.

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The mitigation of water flooding in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) at relatively high current densities is indispensable for enhancing the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a 2D multicomponent LBM model is developed to investigate the effects of porosity distribution and compression on the liquid water dynamic behaviors and distribution. The results suggest that adopting the gradient GDL structure with increasing porosity along the thickness direction significantly reduces the breakthrough time and steady–state total water saturation inside the GDL. Mor

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ZHENG, QIAN, JINTU FAN, XIANGPENG LI, and CHAO XU. "FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF GAS FLOW THROUGH THE GAS DIFFUSION LAYER IN PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS WITH ROUGHENED MICRO-CHANNELS." Fractals 26, no. 06 (2018): 1850099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x18500998.

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The effective permeability is one of the key parameters for porous fibrous gas diffusion layer (GDL), which plays a crucial role in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the effect of the surface morphology of porous fibrous GDL on gas transport behaviors is so far been neglected. In order to take that into consideration, a new analytical model is presented for gas flow in porous fibrous GDL with roughened micro-channels based on the fractal scaling laws. Due to the existence of very small pores in the porous fibrous GDL, gas slippage effects through the small pores are al

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Moriyama, Koji, and Takaji Inamuro. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Water Transport from the Gas Diffusion Layer to the Gas Channel in PEFC." Communications in Computational Physics 9, no. 5 (2011): 1206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.311009.081110s.

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AbstractWater management is a key to ensuring high performance and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), and it is important to understand the behavior of liquid water in PEFC. In this study, the two-phase lattice Boltzmann method is applied to the simulations of water discharge from gas diffusion layers (GDL) to gas channels. The GDL is porous media composed of carbon fibers with hydrophobic treatment, and the gas channels are hydrophilic micro-scale ducts. In the simulations, arbitrarily generated porous materials are used as the structures of the GDL. We investigate the effect

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Kulikovsky, Andrei. "Analytical Impedance of Oxygen Transport in the Channel and Gas Diffusion Layer of a PEM Fuel Cell." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (2021): 114520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a2d.

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Analytical model for impedance of oxygen transport in the gas–diffusion layer (GDL) and cathode channel of a PEM fuel cell is developed. The model is based on transient oxygen mass conservation equations coupled to the proton current conservation equation in the catalyst layer. Analytical formula for the “GDL+channel” impedance is derived assuming fast oxygen and proton transport in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) In the Nyquist plot, the transport impedance consists of two arcs describing oxygen transport in the air channel (low–frequency arc) and in the GDL. The characteristic frequency of

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Halter, Jonathan, John A. MacDonald, Fabusuyi Akindele Aroge, et al. "The Role of Thermal Conductivity on Liquid Water Distribution in GDLs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371786mtgabs.

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Operating polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) at increasingly higher current density and efficiency necessitates overall improvements in fuel cell water management [1]. A crucial role facilitating these improvements is played by the gas diffusion layer (GDL) within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) [2]. The GDL is responsible for distributing the reactant gases from the flow field towards the catalyst layer as well as removing reaction products from the catalyst layer to the flow fields. For example, at the cathode, the electrochemical reaction of oxygen ions with protons and excess ele

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48

Inoue, Tatsuya, Daiki Sakai, Kazuyuki Hirota, et al. "Study on Performance Stability Improvement of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Interdigitated Gas Flow Channels on a Gas Diffusion Layer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 46 (2024): 3207. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02463207mtgabs.

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Recently, a new concept was developed for the design of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, combined a flat separator and a porous gas diffusion layer (GDL) with interdigitated gas-flow channels.1 This new design cell has demonstrated higher performances than that of a conventional cell combined a solid separator with serpentine flow-channels and a flat GDL.2 Conventional interdigitated flow-channel designs, which consist of a solid separator with interdigitated gas-flow channels and a flat GDL, have been known for their higher efficiency of the oxygen supply to the catalyst layer, in comparison w

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Lee, So Yeon, Chi-Yeong Ahn, and Hyungwon Shim. "An Experimental Study on the Correlation between Characteristics of Gas Diffusion Layer and Performance Depending on Relative Humidity Variation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 38 (2023): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02381874mtgabs.

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As it is well known, Gas diffusion Layer(GDL) is a fundamental element to provide more efficient water transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC). Numerous previous studies showed how important and critical GDL is in PEMFC. There have been many efforts to improve the performance of GDL, such as studies on properties, structural improvement, and hydrophobic coating on substrate and micro porous layer. Through these efforts, PEMFC has been developed and also the relationship between GDL and each component was investigated well. Relative Humidity(RH) is an important factor that affect

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Anyanwu, Ikechukwu S., Zhiqiang Niu, Daokuan Jiao, Aezid-Ul-Hassan Najmi, Zhi Liu, and Kui Jiao. "Liquid Water Transport Behavior at GDL-Channel Interface of a Wave-Like Channel." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112726.

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This paper evaluates the liquid water at the gas diffusion layer-channel (GDL-channel) interface of reconstructed GDL microstructures with uniform and non-uniform fiber diameters in wave-like channels. A non-uniform GDL microstructure is reconstructed for the first time at the GDL-channel interface to evaluate droplet motion. The three-layer GDL microstructures are generated using the stochastic technique and implemented using the OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (OpenFOAM-6, OpenFOAM Foundation Ltd., London, UK). The present study considers the relationship between reconst

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