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Academic literature on the topic 'Couche d'ozone – Réduction – Antarctique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Couche d'ozone – Réduction – Antarctique"
Bittencourt, Gabriela Dornelles. "Influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole and Atmospheric Dynamics on Ozone in Southern Brazil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LARE0018.
Full textThe austral spring in the Southern Hemisphere presents temporary reductions in ozone content mainly in the Antarctic region known as the Antarctic Ozone Hole (AOH). However, studies show an influence in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, where days with temporary decreases in the total ozone column (TCO) are identified. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate this influence of AOH on the southern region of Brazil, using data from the total ozone column and vertical profiles that will help to identify the preferential height at which these decreases occur in southern Brazil, in addition to analyzing the atmospheric dynamic behavior during these events in the period 42 years of data (1979 to 2020). The methodology used comprises the analysis of average daily data of the total column of ozone through surface instruments (Brewer Spectrophotometer), satellite data (TOMS and OMI), and to compare reanalysis data from the ECMWF-ERA5, for the identification of events of influence of the AOH on the southern region of Brazil. The analysis of the vertical content of O3 data from the TIMED/SABER satellite provides daily data from 15 to 105 km in height and has 17 years of O3 profiles available in the period from 2002 to 2018. The validation of these data was necessary, and for that the SHADOZ network of ozonesondes measurements was used to carry out this validation through the tropical season in Natal/RN as a reference. This validation showed a good agreement between the two instruments, enabling the use of SABER for the analysis of AOH influence events. From this, 102 events were identified that influenced Santa Maria/RS with a temporary decrease in O3 content during the period, and with an average drop between 24 - 28.1 km in altitude. In the dynamic analysis, the stratospheric fields showed an increase in the potential vorticity in the average of the events, mainly in the months of September and October. In the dynamics of the vertical section of the atmosphere, the constant presence of stratospheric and tropospheric jets in the average of the events, indicates a strong influence that these systems have during the occurrence of the AOH secondary effect events on Santa Maria/RS
A primavera austral no Hemisfério Sul apresenta reduções temporárias do conteúdo de ozônio principalmente na região Antártica conhecida como Buraco de Ozônio Antártico (AOH). Porém, estudos mostram uma influência sob regiões de médias latitudes, como o Sul do Brasil, onde são identificados dias com diminuições temporárias da coluna total de ozônio (CTO). Com isso, o objetivo principal dessa tese é investigar essa influência do AOH sobre a região sul do Brasil, utilizando dados da coluna total de ozônio e de perfis verticais que vão ajudar a identificar a altura preferencial em que essas diminuições ocorrem no sul do Brasil, além de analisar o comportamento dinâmico atmosférico durante esses eventos no período 42 anos de dados (1979 a 2020). A metodologia utilizado compreende a análise de dados médios diários da coluna total de ozônio através de instrumentos de superfície (Espectrofotômetro Brewer), dados de satélites (TOMS e OMI), e para comparação dados de reanálise do ECMWF-ERA5, para a identificação de eventos de influência do AOH sobre a região Sul do Brasil. A análise do conteúdo vertical de O3 dados do satélite TIMED/SABER disponibilizam dados diários de 15 a 110 km de altura e possuem 17 anos de perfis de O3 disponíveis no período de 2002 a 2018. A validação desses dados se fez necessária, e para isso foi utilizada a rede SHADOZ de medidas de ozonesondes para realizar essa validação através da estação tropical em Natal/RN como referência. Essa validação apresentou uma boa concordância entre os dois instrumentos, viabilizando o uso do SABER para as análises dos eventos de influência do AOH. A partir disso, foram identificados 102 eventos que influenciaram Santa Maria/RS com diminuição temporária no conteúdo de O3 durante o período, e com queda média entre 24 e 28,1 km de altitude. Nas análises dinâmicas os campos estratosféricos mostraram o aumento da vorticidade potencial na média dos eventos, principalmente nos meses de setembro e outubro. Na dinâmica do corte vertical da atmosfera a presença constante dos jatos estratosféricos e troposféricos na média dos eventos, indica forte influência que esses sistemas possuem durante a ocorrência dos eventos de efeito secundário do AOH sobre Santa Maria/RS
Moreau, Sébastien D. V. "Effets combinés du réchauffement climatique et du rayonnement UVB sur la composition et le métabolisme de la communauté microbienne marine dans l'ouest de la Péninsule Antarctique : impact potentiel sur le cycle du carbone." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20028.
Full textRegional warming in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), along with the expected decrease in sea-ice cover and the seasonal ozone layer breakdown could modify the composition and the structure of the microbial community. In addition, these environmental changes could modify the potential of the WAP as a CO2 sink. In this context, this thesis aimed at evaluating the combined effects of regional climatic changes on the primary production and the composition and structure of the microbial community in the WAP. In a second time, this thesis aimed at evaluating the role of the microbial community structure, composition, primary production and respiration on air-sea CO2 gas exchanges.First, the variations in sea-ice cover, stratospheric ozone layer thickness and sea surface temperature over the last 30 years (1972-2007) were described. Related to the warming of WAP waters, the retreat of sea-ice was happening earlier each decade in the WAP. The observed changes in these environmental parameters offer a new temporal window for primary production. Indeed, the annual primary production increased from 1997 to 2007, in relation with the sea-ice cover anomaly for the previous winter. In addition, daily primary production was negatively and positively correlated to, respectively, sea-ice cover and sea-water temperature from September to November and from February to March, suggesting that regional warming favoured more primary production during spring and fall. On the contrary, the early retreat of sea-ice in spring, in coincidence with the spring ozone layer breakdown, led to an increase in photoinhibition (with an average of 11.6 ± 2.8 % of the daily primary production being photoinhibited). Therefore, regional climatic changes in the WAP had both a positive and a negative impact on primary production.The microbial community variability was also described in the Melchior Archipelago (in the WAP) from fall to spring 2006. Because of the extreme environmental conditions, the microbial community abundance and biomass were low in fall and winter and the community was dominated by small cells (< 2 µm), hence by a microbial food-web. Indeed, phytoplanktonic biomass was low during fall and winter (with respective chlorophyll a concentration, Chl-a, of 0.3 and 0.13 µg l-1). Phytoplankton biomass increased in spring (with a maximum Chl-a of 1.13 µg l-1) but, despite favourable growth conditions, phytoplankton was still dominated by small cells (2-20 µm), hence by a microbial or multivorous food-web. In addition, the early retreat of sea-ice in the spring 2006 exposed the WAP waters to strong ultraviolet B radiations (UVBR, 280-320 nm) that had a negative impact on the microbial community in surface waters.Finally, the relationship between air-sea CO2 and O2 exchanges in the WAP with the phytoplankton community biomass and composition and with the microbial community primary production and respiration was described. A positive relationship existed between Chl-a and the proportion of diatoms in the phytoplankton community. In addition, a negative relationship existed between Chl-a and ΔpCO2. The net community production (NCP) was mainly controlled by primary production and was negatively and positively related to ΔpCO2 and the %O2 saturation, respectively, suggesting that primary production was the main driver of air-sea CO2 and O2 gas exchanges in the WAP. In addition, the average ΔpCO2 for the summers and falls 2002 to 2004 was -20.04 ± 44.3 µatm, leading to a potential CO2 sink during this period in the WAP. The southern WAP was a potential CO2 sink (-43.60 ± 39.06 µatm) during fall while the northern part of the Peninsula was mainly a potential CO2 source during summer and fall (-4.96 ± 37.6 and 21.71 ± 22.39 µatm, respectively). The higher Chl-a concentrations measured in the southern WAP may explain this spatial distribution
Grevsmühl, Sebastian Vincent. "A la recherche de l'environnement global : de l'Antarctique à l'Espace et retour : instrumentations, images, discours et métaphores." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0030.
Full textOur work proposes a history of the global environment. Nowadays, in times of climate change, no one doubts the global nature of environmental questions. Since the 1970s, the notion of “global environment” moved to the forefront of scientific and political discourse and it is frequently adopted by international organisations. It expresses a new type of thinking, captured most adequately by the famous slogan “think globally, act locally. ” However, the semantic shift from the environment to the globe was prepared long beforehand. We entitled our work “In search of the global environment” precisely to attract the attention to the fact that the birth of the environmental movement, and the call from scientists for synoptic and systematic investigations of the “global environment,” did not emerge within a cultural, political and social vacuum. They were born out of a movement of “globalisation” which took its shape during the 19th century and reached an important peak during the 1970s. In particular, we argue that the “conquests” of Antarctica and of Outer Space played a leading role. Three methodological approaches guide our investigation. We stress the power of visualisations in the creation of global imaginaries and new sensibilities, the ability of metaphors in transposing ideologies and political convictions from one context to another, and finally the critical role of instrumentation in the mediation of global scientific knowledge. Our work proposes thereby to retrace – in all its cultural and historical depth – the history of the emergence of a new sensibility for the “global environment” and the “whole earth” as a scientific object from the 19th century until today
Houle, David. "Le choix des instruments de la politique environnementale québécoise : le cas des précipitations acides, de l'appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone et des changements climatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19510.
Full textBriday, Régis. "Une histoire de la chimie atmosphérique globale : enjeux disciplinaires et d’expertise de la Couche d’ozone et du Changement climatique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0144.
Full textUntil now, the history of environmental sciences has not extensively documented the input of atmospheric chemists, who formalize the chemical reactions that take place in the atmosphere. This PhD dissertation focuses on chemistry of the global atmosphere. Atmospheric chemistry has been in the heart of the expertise on the anthropogenic destruction of the ozone layer from 1970 on. Since the end of the 1980s, atmospheric chemists have also taken part ii the writing of the IPCC reports. They have also contributed to the more holistic works on the "Earth system". Combining different approaches for studying sciences and techniques, this PhD dissertation writes a "social" histor) of the academic field on chemistry of the global atmosphere since the 1920s. Our narrative is mainly focused on the evolution of the scientific practices of chemistry of the global atmosphere, on social and disciplinary changes, and on the new types of expertise that have emerged within the field. The author mainly concentrates on three "moments": the first two decades of the Coldwar; the "environmental(ist) turn" of atmospheric sciences in the 1970s and 80s; the climate change governance
Douard, Mathilde. "Méthodes lidar pour la détection des aérosols stratosphériques et des composés organiques volatils." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10055.
Full textSalazar, Veronica. "Etude des propriétés physiques des aérosols de la moyenne et haute atmosphère à partir d'une nouvelle analyse des observations du GOMOS-ENVISAT pour la période 2002-2006." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608052.
Full textAbdoulwahab, Mohamed Toihir. "Étude de la variabilité et la tendance de l'ozone stratosphérique au-dessus des tropiques et subtropiques sud." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0012/document.
Full textOzone plays an important role on photochemical equilibrium of atmosphere and participate on radiative balance process between hemispheres (Mecke, 1931). In the troposphere, ozone determines the oxidizing capacity of major species and absorbs continuously in the stratosphere the harmful ultraviolet radiation (McMichael et al, 2003). Based on the above facts, it is important to monitor ozone continuously with consistency and accuracy. Global total column ozone (TCO) has depleted gradually since 1980 with an increase of chlorofluorocarbon concentrations in the stratosphere due to anthropogenic activities. In 1987, the Montreal protocol was formulated in order to regulate the emissions of substances that deplete ozone. Concentrations of these substances are observed to decrease ten years after the Montreal protocol. Thus we have been expecting an increase in ozone by now (UNEP/PNUE, 2009; WMO, 2010 and 2014). The current needs are to achieve consistent and reliable measurements in which their exploitation on adapted methods/models can help scientists to follow the ozone evolution and to estimate long term ozone trend. In this work, a variety of ozone products from different instruments was combined in order to create reliable and homogenous dataset to study the ozone variability and trend over the southern tropics and subtropics. The dataset application on wavelets method allowed to identify the dynamic parameters that control ozone variability and their periodicities. These include seasonal variations of climate, the quasi-biennial oscillations, the El-Niño Southern Oscillation and the 11-years solar cycle. The behavior of each parameter and its influence on ozone variability were analysed based on statistical method and the Trend-Run model. The contribution and response of each variable on ozone variability were quantified from the model. The obtained trends results exhibit an increase of total ozone from 1998 to 2012 with a rate varying between 0 and 2.78% par decade (depending of the site and region). The ozone increase was observed mainly above 22 km and it is more important over the subtropical region with respect to equatorial zone
Krysztofiak, Gisèle. "Transport et chimie d'espèces soufrées et bromées dans la haute troposphère et basse stratosphère diagnostiqués par des mesures sous ballon et en avion et par modélisation." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004398.
Full textBooks on the topic "Couche d'ozone – Réduction – Antarctique"
Christel, Delcoigne, ed. La couche d'ozone. Tournai [Belgique]: Éditions Gamma, 1992.
Find full textMegie, Gérard. Stratosphère et couche d'ozone. Paris: Masson, 1992.
Find full textBrassard, Daniel J. La couche d'ozone: L'écran solaire de la terre. Ottawa, Ont: Bibliothèque du Parlement, Service de recherche, 1992.
Find full textCanada, Canada Environnement. Protocole de Montréal: Occasions d'affaires. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 1998.
Find full textOntario. Ministry of the Environment. Ontario phase-out of ozone-depleting substances: A compliance guide. [Toronto]: Ontario, Environment, 1990.
Find full textCanada, Canada Environment. Canada's Ozone Layer Protection Program : a summary =: Programme canadien de protection de la couche d'ozone : sommaire. 4th ed. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada = Environnement Canada, 1997.
Find full textChampagne, Daniel. Québec's strategy for managing ozone-depleting substances and their replacement products. [Québec]: Ministère de l'environnement, 2000.
Find full textFergusson, Angus. Appauvrissement de l'ozone et changement climatique: Des problèmes liés. Downsview, Ont: Service météorologique du Canada, 2001.
Find full textCanada. External Affairs and International Trade Canada. Environment : amendment to the Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (with annexes), London, June 29, 1990, acceded to by Canada July 5, 1990, in force for Canada August 10, 1992 =: Environnement : amendement au protocole de Montréal relatif à des substances qui appauvrissent la couche d'ozone (avec annexes), Londres, le 29 juin 1990, adhésion du Canada le 5 juillet 1990, en vigueur pour le Canada le 10 août 1992. Ottawa, Ont: Queen's Printer for Canada = Imprimeur de la Reine pour le Canada, 1992.
Find full textCanada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Environment : amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Copenhagen, November 25, 1992, ratified by Canada March 16, 1994, in force for Canada June 14, 1994 =: Environnement : amendement au Protocole de Montréal relatif à des substances qui appauvrissent la couche d'ozone, Copenhague, le 25 novembre 1992, ratification du Canada le 16 mars 1994, en vigueur pour le Canada le 14 juin 1994. Ottawa, Ont: Queen's Printer = Imprimeur de la Reine, 1997.
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