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1
Knowles, Tim C., and Roc Cramer. "Narrow Row Cotton Production in Vicksberg." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197038.
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Deltapine 458B/RR, Deltapine 5415RR, Deltapine 20B, and Deltapine 20 cotton varieties were planted on June 5 into narrow 15 inch wide rows. Populations ranged from 80,000 to 100,000 plants per acre. Seed cotton was stripper harvested on December 17. Although lint yields were somewhat low (1- 2 bale/acre) for this late planted cotton, we learned several important practices for effective narrow row cotton production systems, based on our first years experience in western Arizona.
2
Henneberry, T. J., and Jech L. Forlow. "Cotton Aphid Biology and Honydew Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211301.
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Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, fecundity, nymph development and honeydew production were studied in the laboratory. Apterous adult females produced an average of 1.7 nymphs per day and the nymphs (four instars) developed to adults in an average of 4.1 days at 26.7° C in the laboratory. Average longevity of adults was 16.1 days. More honeydew drops were produced by one-day old nymphs than three- or four-day old nymphs. Numbers of honeydew drops produced on a day to day basis were highly variable and did not show a distinct pattern of production. More honeydew drops, sugars and progeny were produced by adults at 26.7° C compared with 15.6 or 32.2° C. Increasing times of exposure of clean cotton lint to aphids and the resulting increasing amounts of honeydew sugars under laboratory and field conditions were significantly related to increasing cotton lint stickiness as measured with a thermodetector.
3
Tollefson, Scott. "High Yielding Short Season Cotton Production in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204475.
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4
Ak, Ozlem. "Xylooligosaccharide Production From Cotton And Sunflower Stalks." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609354/index.pdf.
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In this study, the aim was enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from cotton and sunflower stalks, two of main agricultural residues in Turkey. In first two parts of the study, alkali extracted xylan from both of the stalks was hydrolyzed by commercial xylanases Veron and Shearzyme. The effect of temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentrations were investigated to determine optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of xylan. Sunflower and cotton stalk xylans were hydrolyzed by Shearzyme more efficiently than Veron under the conditions studied. Shearzyme produced different product profiles containing xylobiose (X2), xylotriose (X3), xylotetrose (X4) and xylopentose (X5) from cotton and sunflower stalk xylan. On the other hand, Veron hydrolyzed both xylan types to
produce X2, X3, X5, X6 and larger xylooligosaccharides without any change in product profiles.
In the third part of the study, home produced xylanase from Bacillus pumilus SB-M13, was also investigated for the production of xylooligosaccharides from both cotton and sunflower stalk xylan. The main products obtained by hydrolysis of both substrates by pure B. pumilus xylanase were X5 and X6, while crude B. pumilus xylanase generated X4 and X5 as the main products.
Xylooligosaccharide production from pretreated cotton stalk without alkali extraction of xylan was the final part of the study. Three different pretreatment methods including biomass pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation, cellulase pretreatment and hydrothermal pretreatment were investigated to break down complex lignocellulosic structure of cotton stalk to improve the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan in pretreated cotton stalk for xylooligosaccharide production. However, xylooligosaccharide was not effectively produced from pretreated cotton stalk. Shearzyme inhibiton was observed after all the pretreatment methods during further hydrolysis of pretreated cotton stalk probably due to production of inhibitory compounds of the enzyme.
5
Ayer, Harry W., and N. Gene Wright. "Is Laser Leveling for Cotton Production Profitable?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219697.
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6
Martin, E. C., E. J. Pegelow, and S. Stedman. "Comparison of Irrigation Scheduling Methods in Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210291.
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Three different irrigation scheduling techniques were compared in this study; aerial infrared, hand -held infrared, and neutron moisture gage measurements. There were four treatments with three replications of each. Treatment one was scheduled using aerial infrared imaging and analyzes performed by Agrometrics, Inc. Treatment two was scheduled using a hand -held infrared gun. Irrigations for this treatment were initiated at a crop water stress index value of 0.3. Treatments three and four were scheduled using neutron probe measurements. Treatment three was irrigated at 45% depletion of the available soil water. Treatment four was irrigated at 45% depletion of the available soil water until mid-bloom, when the strategy was changed to irrigate at 35% depletion. Yield results showed no significant difference between the treatments.
7
Silvertooth, J. C. "Cultural and Management Practices for Pima Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209590.
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The good use of cultural or agronomic practices is fundamental to the production of high yields and quality of American Pima cotton. In order for Pima farmers to maintain viable production operations, a continual review and improvement upon the existing set of cultural practices are in order. Basic aspects of crop production such as planting date management, soil fertility and plant nutrition, plant growth regulator use, crop termination, and defoliation are reviewed in this paper in relation to American Pima cotton production. Specific attention is also given to potassium (K) fertility management and Alternaria leaf spot regarding new aspects of potential management needs.
8
Olsen, Mary W., and Jeffrey C. Silvertooth. "Diseases and Production Problems of Cotton in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146706.
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9
Silvertooth, J. C., E. Randall Norton, and Felix Ayala. "Management of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Arizona Cotton Production." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147012.
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4 pp.Originally published: 2001
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that is required most consistently and in larger amounts than other nutrients for cotton production. Common rates of fertilizer N applied in Arizona cotton production systems range from 50 to over 300 lbs N/acre. The management of fertilizer N is critical, both for insuring optimum cotton yields, and minimizing the potential for environmental contamination.
10
Dittmar, Stefan H., Peter C. Ellsworth, Philip MacD Hartman, Edward C. Martin, William B. McCloskey, Mary W. Olsen, Robert L. Roth, Jeffrey C. Silvertooth, and Russell E. Tronstad. "1998 Demonstration Project of Arizona Irrigated Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197070.
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The Demonstration project was conducted on the Demonstration Farm at the Maricopa Agricultural Center. In this project all current guidelines and recommendations disseminated by the University of Arizona were integrated in a systems approach. The management decisions were made by the Extension Specialists in agronomy, entomology, irrigation management, weed sciences, and plant pathology following the University recommendations. On a 50.5 acre field 80% Bt and 20% non-Bt cotton was planted dry and watered up. Due to the cold spring and sand-blasting, only a stand of 30,900 plants/A could be established with 84% terminal damage. 72 acreinches of water were used with 41.3 acre-inches in postplant irrigations. Weed control could be achieved with one preplant application and three cultivations. Three sprays against Lygus and one spray against whiteflies were necessary after the thresholds were exceeded. A total of 4120 lb seedcotton per acre were harvested, with 32.7% lint turnout (2.81 bales/A) and 45.9% seed turnout (1891 lb/A). After harvesting a field budget was established. The variable costs per acre were $915, the total cost $1266/acre. In spite of the lack of replications this project validates the usefulness and compatibility of University recommendations and the potential for integration of all disciplinary guidelines in one system.
11
Husman, Stephen H., William B. McCloskey, and Kyrene White. "Plant Population Effects on Twin Line Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198131.
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Three experiments at the University of Arizona Maricopa and Marana Agricultural Centers in 2002 and 2003 measured effect of plant populations on the yield of cotton planted in the twin seed-line per bed configuration. In 2002 at the Maricopa Ag. Center, the plant populations were 52800, 69200, 82800 and 96200 plants per acre (PPA) for Stoneville 4892BR and 54800, 70800, 90500 and 104500 PPA for AG3601, respectively. The two lowest plant populations which were in the range of common commercial plant densities resulted in the greatest lint yields for both varieties (an average of 1708 and 1287 lb lint/A for ST4892BR and AG3601, respectively) but there was a significant linear decrease in yield with increasing plant population. In 2003, the cotton variety Delta Pine 449BR was planted and the population densities were 22000, 29000, 36000, 46000, 51000, 61000, and 64,000 PPA at the Marana Ag. Center and 24000, 34000, 41000, 56000, 63000, 71000, and 86,000 PPA at the Maricopa Ag. Center. Cotton yield did not vary significantly as a function of population density at Maricopa and averaged 1526 lb lint/A. At Marana there was a slight trend of increasing yield with increasing plant densities with the three highest plant populations averaging 1385 lb lint/A. In the experiments with ST4892BR and AG3601 at Maricopa in 2002 and with DP449BR in 2003 there was a linear decrease in fiber micronaire with increasing density but this effect of density on micronaire was not observed possibly because plant populations Marana were lower than in the other experiments.
12
Aycock, William. "Cotton Production in Southern Illinois: Reviving a Crop." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1706.
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Cotton production came to a halt in Southern Illinois in 1974 after the last crop was harvested. Many factors went into the death of cotton in Southern Illinois. My dissertation addresses the factors that halted cotton production in 1974, and new technologies that will enable farmers to grow cotton again in 2019. Temperature and rainfall are two important factors that affect the growth of cotton. Once cotton is re-introduced into Southern Illinois, an infrastructure with a well-trained workforce will need to be in place to sustain this new industry. This study was motivated by three research goals and questions: (1) Have Southern Illinois temperatures increased or decreased over the last 50 years? Specifically has Growing Degree Days or Heat Units increased over the last 50 years creating a more suitable environment for cotton production in Southern Illinois? (2) Was rainfall a limiting factor in the death of cotton in 1974 and the revival in 2018? How has rainfall changed in Southern Illinois over the last 50 years? (3) What impact would the cotton industry have on the Southern Illinois workforce? Specifically, what would education and training for a new cotton industry entail?
13
Day, A. D., B. B. Taylor, I. L. Pepper, and M. M. Minnich. "Influence of Liquid Sewage Sludge on Commercial Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204516.
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A field experiment was conducted in 1987 in Avra Valley, Arizona, to compare the plant growth and cotton lint yield from upland cotton fertilized with liquid sewage sludge with the plant growth and cotton lint yield from cotton fertilized with commercial inorganic fertilizer. Plant growth and cotton lint yields were similar when cotton was fertilized with liquid sewage sludge or inorganic fertilizers.
14
Henneberry, T. J., Jech L. Forlow, and la Torre T. de. "Honeydew Production by Sweetpotato Whitefly Adults and Nymphs." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211328.
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We determined honeydew production by male and female sweetpotato whiteflies and the effects of temperature on honeydew production of each sex. We also determined honeydew production by each nymphal instar. Overall, adult SPW produced more honeydew than nymphs. Adult females produced more honeydew than males. The relative differences between honeydew production for males and females and between amounts adults produced compared with nymphs were consistent. However, honeydew production by adult and nymph individuals was subject to large degrees of variation.
15
Norton, E. R., and J. C. Silvertooth. "Evaluation of a Drip Vs. Furrow Irrigated Cotton Production System." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211297.
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A newly installed subsurface drip system was compared to a conventional furrow-irrigated cotton production system in the Marana Valley in 2000. Regular measurements included soil moisture, flower tagging, general plant growth and development measurements, and lint yield. Results indicate that an increase in lint yield of approximately 250 lbs. lint/acre was obtained under the drip irrigation system. Approximately 1/3 less irrigation water was used under the drip irrigation system. Pounds of lint produced per acre-inch of water applied provide the most dramatic results. In the furrow-irrigated system approximately 25 lbs. of lint was produced per inch of water applied while the drip system ranged from 70-80.
16
Unruh, B. L., J. C. Silvertooth, C. A. Sanchez, and E. R. Norton. "Evaluation of Soil Conditioners and Water Treatments for Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210327.
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Advanced technologies to produce synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide (PAS, and polymaleic anhydride (PMA) have produced products which may be economically feasible alternatives to traditional treatments such as gypsum in the desert Southwest. In 1994 three field studies were initiated, two identical studies were located in the Yuma Valley and one at Paloma Ranch. At Yuma Valley the experiments included 0, 1, and 2 tons gypsum/acre, over which, various soil-applied treatments were made; including, a check, soluble PMA (Sper Sal™), and PAM (Hydro-Growth™). Upland cotton 'DPL 5461' was grown in both Yuma Valley studies. At Paloma Ranch, Upland 'DPL 5415' planted. Prior to planting, two gypsum applications were made at 0 and 2 tons/acre. Also included as treatments were various methods and rates of Sper Salt™. No differences among treatments were detected in either of these locations relative to crop yield. At Paloma Ranch there were some early-season differences in soil crusting among the various soil amendment treatments, however, these differences dissipated as the season progressed and did not result in lint yield differences.
17
Silvertooth, J. C., C. A. Sanchez, and E. R. Norton. "Evaluation of Soil Conditioners and Water Treatments for Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210920.
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Advanced technologies to produce synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide (PAM, and polymaleic anhydride (PMA) have produced products which may be economically feasible alternatives to traditional treatments such as gypsum in the desert Southwest. In 1995 a single field study was conducted at Paloma Ranch, west of Gila Bend in Maricopa County Arizona Upland Nucoton 35, DPL' was dry planted and watered -up on 10 and 11 April. Treatments consisted of various rates and times of applications of Sper Sal™, which included a check (no Sper Sal), 1 and 2 qts. /acre with the water-up irrigation; 1 and 2 qts./acre with a mid - season irrigation; and 1 qt. /acre mid-season following 1 or 2 qts./acre with the water -up irrigation. No differences among treatments were detected among any treatments in terms of plant growth and development or final lint yields. There were no early-season differences in soil crusting among the various soil amendment treatments in 1995, as opposed to 1994 when a severe rain occurred immediately following planting.
18
Griffin, J. R., J. C. Silvertooth, and E. R. Norton. "Evaluation of Calcium Soil Conditioners in an Irrigated Cotton Production System." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211130.
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In 1996 a single field experiment was conducted at Paloma Ranch, west of Gila Bend in Maricopa County Arizona. Nucoton 33B was dry planted and watered -up on 15 April. Treatments consisted of various rates and times of application of nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) from two sources (N-Carm and CAN-17), as well as a standard N source, UAN-32, along with a Calcium (Ca) check which received no Ca. Treatments], 2, and 3 each received a total of 280 lbs. N/acre. Treatment 4 received a total of 210 lbs. N/acre while treatment 5 received a total of 301 lbs. N/acre. Treatment 1 was a check plot and received only standard applications of UAN-32. Treatments 2 and 4 each received a total of 72 lbs. of Ca/acre. Treatment 5 received a total of 79 lbs. Ca/acre while treatment 4 received a total of 300 lbs. Ca/acre. No significant differences were found among the various treatments in terms of plant growth, soil water content, ECₑ values, and sodium absorption ratios. Lint yields were significantly different (P < 0.07).
19
Suntornpithug, Pasu. "Adoption and diffusion of agrobiotechnologies in the US cotton production." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4092.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 30, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
20
Griffin, J. R., J. C. Silvertooth, and E. R. Norton. "Evaluation of Calcium Soil Conditioners in an Irrigated Cotton Production System, 1997." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210382.
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A single field experiment was conducted at Paloma Ranch, west of Gila Bend in Maricopa County Arizona in 1996 and 1997. NuCotn™ 33B was dry planted and watered -up on 15 April and 1 April in 1996 and 1997. Various rates and times of application of nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) from two sources [N-Cal™ (CO(NH₂)₂•CaC1₂) and CAN-17 (CaNO₃)] as well as a standard N source, UAN-32 [NH₄NO₃•CO(NH₂)₂] were used to evaluate the check In 1996 treatments 1, 2,and 3 each received a total of 280 lbs. N/acre, treatment 4 received a total of 210 lbs. N/acre, while treatment 5 received a total of 301 lbs. N/acre. Treatment 1 received only farm standard applications of UAN-32. Treatments 2 and 4 each received a total of 72 lbs. of Ca/acre. Treatment 5 received a total of 79 lbs. Ca/acre from N-Cal™ while treatment 3 received a total of 301 lbs. Ca/acre from CAN -17. Treatment 4 used a conservative N approach (UA guidelines). 1997 was similar to 1996 in the general nature of the experimental design, but different in its actual treatments. Treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 each used N-Cal™ for the first two irrigation applications then UAN -32 for continued crop N needs. Treatment 4 used a conservative N approach (U A guidelines). Treatments 3 and 5 each received two foliar applications of N-Cal™ Foliar applications consisted of N-Cal™ mixed with urea for a 15-0-0-8 formula and applied on 22 July and 29 July via a high cycle applicator at a 5 gal/acre rate of N-Cal™ (carrier rate = 40 gal /acre). No significant differences were found among the various treatments in terms of plant growth, soil water content, ECₑ values, and sodium absorption ratios in 1996 or 1997. Lint yields were not significantly different in 1996 (P < 0.05) or 1997 (P < 0.05).
21
Silvertooth, Jeffrey C. "Soil Management and Soil Testing for Irrigated Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558523.
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Reviewed 06/2015; Originally published: 02/20015 pp.
In this article we will discuss various aspects of soil evaluation including physical examination, soil sampling and analysis, and soil test interpretation. We will also discuss how these approaches to soil evaluation can be incorporated into both short- and long-term management plans.
22
Clay, P. A., L. D. Isom, W. B. McCloskey, and S. H. Husman. "Evaluation of Commerical Ultra Narrow Cotton Production in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197521.
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Seven commercial ultra narrow row (UNR) cotton fields were monitored on a weekly basis in Maricopa County, AZ in 1999. Varieties of Delta Pine and Sure Grow were planted from April 15 to June 1 and reached cut-out after accumulating 1913 to 2327 heat units after planting. Average yield for UNR cotton was 2.1 bales per acre which was 0.4 bales per acre lower than the five year average for cotton planted on conventional row spacings. Fiber quality from gin records for 801 bales had average micronaire readings of 4.54 and grades of 11 and 21 for 74% of bales. Discounts for extraneous matter (bark, grass, and cracked seed) was 5.4% and average strength (34.8) and staple lengths (27.12) were in acceptable ranges. Total cash costs ranged from $450 to $705.
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Husman, Stephen H., William B. McCloskey, Patrick Clay, Randy Norton, Eric Norton, Mike Rethwisch, and Kyrene White. "Evaluation of Twin-Line Cotton Production in Arizona - 2002." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197722.
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Twin-line (two seed lines 7.25 in apart per bed) and conventional single seed line per bed cotton production systems were compared at 16 sites across Arizona and Blythe, Ca. in 2002. The twin-line system produced more lint than the conventional single-line system at 4 of 16 locations; the yields of the twinline and single-line systems were 1273 and 1186 lb/acre, 1572 and 1461 lb/acre, 1478 and 1290 lb/acre, and 1309 and 1210 lb/acre, respectively, at the Grasty, Ramona, Rovey, and Wells sites, respectively. There were no significant differences in yield or fiber micronaire in 7 of the 16 experiments. The twin-line system produced less lint than the conventional system at 5 of 16 locations; yields of the twin-line and single-line systems were 2019 and 2189 lb/acre, 1400 and 1489 lb/acre, 1537 and 1845 lb/acre, 1065 and 1200 lb/acre, and 1271 and 1431 lb/acre, respectively, at the Chaffin (75K), Cooley, Hull, Papago, and Wakimoto sites, respectively. Fiber micronaire was reduced in five experiments; the micronaire values were 4.25 and 4.73, 4.46 and 4.78, 4.60 and 4.85, 4.76 and 4.98, and 4.93 and 5.15, in the twin-line and single-line systems, respectively, at the Rogers, Papago, Grasty, Hull, and Perry sites, respectively. Research will continue in 2003 in order to develop system comparison data for multiple years and to elucidate the reasons for the variable results measured in the 2002 cotton season.
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Husman, Stephen H., William B. McCloskey, Kyrene White, Jeffrey Hamilton, Patrick Clay, Randy Norton, Eric Norton, and Mohammed Zerkoune. "Comparison of Twin and Single Line Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198152.
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Twin line (two seed lines 7.25 in apart per bed) and conventional single seed line per bed cotton production systems were compared at 18 sites across Arizona and the Palo Verde Valley near Blythe, Ca. in 2002 and 9 sites in 2003. Three experiments at the Chaffin site in 2002 compared twin line plant populations of 57,000 (57K), 75,000 (75K), and 90,000 (90K) plants per acre (ppa). In 2002, the twin line system produced more lint than the conventional single line system at 4 of 18 locations; the yields of the twin line and single line systems were 1273 and 1186 lb/acre, 1572 and 1461 lb/acre, 1478 and 1290 lb/acre, and 1309 and 1210 lb/acre, respectively, at the Grasty, Ramona, Rovey, and Wells sites, respectively. In 2003, none of the experiments resulted in higher twin line system lint yields. In 2002, there were no significant differences in yield or fiber micronaire in 7 of the 18 experiments. In 2003, there were no significant differences in yield in 3 of the 9 experiments. In 2002, the twin line system produced less lint than the conventional system at 5 of 18 locations; yields of the twin line and single line systems were 2019 and 2189 lb/acre, 1400 and 1489 lb/acre, 1537 and 1845 lb/acre, 1065 and 1200 lb/acre, and 1271 and 1431 lb/acre, respectively, at the Chaffin (75K), Cooley, Hull, Papago, and Wakimoto sites, respectively. In 2003, the twin line system resulted in less yield in 6 of the 9 experiments; yields of the twin line and single line systems were 1154 and 1285 lb./acre, 1906 and 2109 lb./acre, 1797 and 1938 lb./acre, 878 and 1114 lb./acre, 726 and 821 lb./acre, and 1230 and 1404 lb./acre, respectively, at the Hull, Marlatt 1, 2,, 3, Murphy Late Plant, and the University of Arizona (UA) Marana Agricultural Center sites respectively. In 2002, fiber micronaire was reduced in five experiments; the micronaire values were 4.25 and 4.73, 4.46 and 4.78, 4.60 and 4.85, 4.76 and 4.98, and 4.93 and 5.15, in the twin line and single line systems, respectively, at the Rogers, Papago, Grasty, Hull, and Perry sites, respectively. In 2003, there were no significant differences in fiber micronaire at all 9 test locations. In 2003, visual observations suggested that the spindle pickers were unable to effectively harvest bolls the lowest bolls primarily below the cross-over point of the two2 mainstems cross in the twin line system. Hand harvest comparisons of the twin and single line system resulted in yields of 1776 and 1661 lb./acre respectively, a 6% difference at the Maricopa Agricultural Center. It was concluded that tThe inability to effectively harvest the twin line cotton is the most significant system problem with this production system.
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Husman, S., P. Clay, E. Taylor, and K. White. "Twin Line Cotton Production in a Conservation Tillage System." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198170.
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Two experiments were conducted in 2004 evaluating twin line cotton production using a conservation tillage system approach. DPL 451 BR Upland cotton was planted into oat hay stubble on April 30 and May 5, 2004 at commercial cooperator sites at Tonopah and Tolleson AZ, respectively. The two primary experimental objectives were to determine whether cotton planted into previous crop residue initiated fruiting on the mainstem once the cotton seedling grew above the crop stubble and whether there were differences in lint yield between the single and twin line system. Previous twin line cotton production research had been conducted by authors at 30 locations from 2001-2003. In almost all cases, the harvest of low set bolls presented problems with the twin line system. In 2004, the initiation of the first fruiting branch was independent of the stubble height at both locations. In addition, there were no differences in lint yield in either a single or twin line cotton production system when planting into previous crop residue using conservation tillage.
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Martin, E. C., E. J. Pegelow, and J. Watson. "Using Drainage Lysimeters to Evaluate Irrigation and Nitrogen Interactions in Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210355.
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This is a continuing report on the effects of over -irrigation in cotton production. Started in the Spring of 1995, this study uses drainage lysimeters to study the impact of over-irrigation on nitrate leaching losses. Furthermore, yield and other growth components are monitored to see what effect, if any, the over-irrigation has. The study was initiated at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, Arizona. The drainage lysimeters used are large, open- topped steel boxes filled with soil and placed underground in the experimental field. Crops are grown directly above the lysimeters and the water that moves through the soil profile is collected at the bottom of the lysimeter and analyzed. In this study, two lysimeters were installed. The lysimeters were 80" wide (two row widths), five feet long, and six feet deep. They were placed 18 inches below the soil surface and filled with soil as to best represent the soil in its natural condition. The data presented in this paper are from three years of an ongoing experiment. Throughout the growing season, water samples were taken from the lysimeters in the field. Nitrogen applications were made according to field conditions and weekly petiole sampling. Irrigations were made according to field conditions and using the AZSCHED irrigation scheduling program. Treatment one was irrigated according to the schedule recommended by AZSCHED. The amount applied was equal to the total crop water use since the last irrigation. In treatment two, the timing was the same as treatment one, but the amount of irrigation water applied was 1.5 times more water. Yield samples were taken at the end of each season and showed no significant differences between treatments, with yields averaging about 1100 lb./acre of lint in 1995, 940 lb./acre of lint in 1996 and 1300 lb./acre in 1997. Cumulative drainage was 8 inches in lysimeter one and 28 inches in lysimeter two. Nitrate losses for the three years totaled 126 lb. N/acre for lysimeter two and 72.5 lb. N/acre for lysimeter one.
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Martin, E. C., E. J. Pegelow, and J. Watson. "Using Drainage Lysimeters to Evaluate Irrigation and Nitrogen Interactions in Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210948.
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Although the cost for water is one of the largest expenditures in a grower's budget in Arizona, many growers in the state still over- irrigate their fields to assure that there will be no yield losses. These excess irrigations usually do not cause any negative effects to the crop, they can cause the loss of available nitrogen to the plant and the potential for nitrate contamination of groundwater resources. To assess the impact that excess irrigation may have on cotton yields and the potential for groundwater contamination, a drainage lysimeter study was initiated at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, Arizona. Drainage lysimeters are large, open- topped steel boxes filled with soil and placed underground in the experimental field. Crops are grown directly above the lysimeters and the water that moves through the soil profile is collected at the bottom of the lysimeter and analyzed. In this study, three lysimeters were installed. The lysimeters were 80" wide (two row widths), five feet long, and six feet deep. They were placed 18 inches below the soil surface and filled with soil as to best represent the soil in its natural condition. The data presented in this paper are from two years of an ongoing experiment. Throughout the growing season, water samples were taken from the lysimeters in the field. Nitrogen applications were made according to field conditions and weekly petiole sampling. Irrigations were made according to field conditions and using the AZSCHED irrigation scheduling program. Treatment one was irrigated according to the schedule recommended by AZSCHED. The amount applied was equal to the total crop water use since the last irrigation. In treatment two, the timing was the same as treatment one, but the amount of irrigation water applied was 1.25 times more. Treatment three was also irrigated at the same time but with 1.5 times more water. Yield samples were taken at the end of each season and showed no significant differences between treatments, with yields averaging about 1100 lb./acre of lint in 1995 and 940 lb./acre of lint in 1996. The drainage amounts ranged from 9.5" in treatment three to 2.5 inches in treatment one. The corresponding nitrate-N losses were 56.9 lb. N/acre for treatment three and 33.4 lb. N/acre for treatment one. Monitoring continued during the winter to assess the impact of winter rainfall. In the last two years, there has been no significant winter rainfall.
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Thacker, Gary W., and Wayne E. Coates. "Precision Guidance Techniques to Reduce Weed Competition and Production Costs in Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210316.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this project is to evaluate the benefits of precision guidance systems as a means of using tillage to kill weeds, and to confine herbicide applications to narrow bands. In cotton, a precision guided close cultivation with a directed spray of MSMA significantly reduced a purple nutsedge stand early on. However this reduction was not significant by the end of the season. For controlling woolly morningglory, the use of a precision guided cultivator equipped with in -row weeding devices resulted in much lower numbers of morningglory weeds, although the differences were not significant at the 95% confidence level. The guidance system kept the implement precisely aligned to the drill rows at a higher speed than was possible with the cooperator's non - precision cultivator. This higher productivity more than offsets the cost of the guidance system and the in-row weeding devices.
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Doerge, Thomas A., T. Curt Tucker, and D. D. Fangmeier. "The Importance of Residual Soil Nitrate in Upland Cotton Production Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204451.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of residual soil nitrogen (N) in the production of upland cotton in Central Arizona has not been adequately studied. A subsurface drip irrigation experiment was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to examine the effect of residual soil nitrate content on lint yields of upland cotton, and to evaluate the validity of current cotton petiole nitrate interpretations under high yielding conditions. Different levels of water and N fertilizers applied to the plot area in previous years had resulted in a range of residual NO₃-N content ranging from 36 to 166 lbs /acre. Lint yields increased from 2.8 to 4.3 bales /acre as residual soil N increased from 5.7 to 27.7 ppm NO₃-N although the correlation between yield and soil N was relatively low. This was thought to be due to difficulty in obtaining soil samples that accurately reflect the true plant availability of N in soils irrigated with drip systems. The interpretation of cotton petiole data under high yielding conditions (> 4 bales/acre) proved to be essentially the same as that currently recommended for conventional furrow irrigated cotton.
30
Norton, Elbert Randall. "Nutrient and crop management studies in irrigated cotton production systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279773.
Full textAbstract:
Increased efficiency in agricultural production is becoming increasingly important in the present economic climate. The three studies presented in this dissertation have been developed to help producers achieve a greater efficiency with respect to crop production. The first is the development of the cotton monitoring system (CMS). This software was developed as an end product to over ten years of research into cotton crop monitoring. It allows for the entry of crop growth and development data, along with other crop inputs. All growth indices are plotted against long-term baselines to indicate the crops status in relation to normal growth patterns. Other University of Arizona extension publications are available that are directed at helping the user interpret the data and how best to use it in making management decisions. The second project involves the evaluation of added nitrogen interaction (ANI) effects in irrigated cotton. This was accomplished by comparing two methods of determining nitrogen recovery efficiencies (NREs), the difference technique and the isotopic dilution technique. No differences were observed between the two methods in the first year, 1997 indicating the absence of a ANI. However in 1999, differences were observed between the two methods due to abnormally high vegetative growth experienced by the crop which resulted in increased root growth and subsequent exploration of the soil and an increased uptake of soil N. The third and final project was conducted to examine the loss of N from several different sources of irrigation water around the state of Arizona and to observe the effects of temperature on this process (25, 30, 35, and 40°C). Ammonium sulfate was added to a 350 mL volume of water from which aliquots were drawn at specific time intervals and analyzed for NH₄⁺-N. In a 24 hour period up to 90% of the added N was lost at 40°C). In general, as soluble salts increased the rate at which NH3 was volatilized also increased. The results from this study indicate the need to consider potential N losses from irrigation water when making decisions regarding N fertilizer management.
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Nelson, J. M., and G. Hart. "Effect of Plant Nitrogen Status on Effectiveness of Defoliants for Short Season Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208323.
Full textAbstract:
A field study was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to determine the influence of nitrogen fertility level on the effectiveness of defoliants for short-season cotton production. Increasing the nitrogen fertility level from 30 to 130 lbs N/A decreased lint yields from 3.2 to 26 bales /A. High residual soil N favored the use of a low N fertility rate. Defoliation treatments were most effective at the 30 lbs. N/A fertility level. Increasing the application rate of Dropp from 0.2 to 0.4 lbs. a.i./A increased the percent defoliation. There was a significant linear decrease in the effectiveness of defoliants as the petiole NO₃-N content increased from 300 to 7000 ppm.
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Martin, E. C., E. J. Pegelow, and J. Watson. "Assessing the Impact of Irrigation Management Strategies on Yield and Nitrate Leaching in Upland Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210898.
Full textAbstract:
Although the cost for water is one of the largest expenditures in a grower's budget, many growers still over -irrigate their fields to assure that there will be no yield losses. Although these over -irrigations usually do not cause any negative effect to the crop, they can cause the loss of available nitrogen to the plant and the potential of nitrate contamination of groundwater resources. To assess what impact over-irrigation may have on yield and the potential for groundwater contamination, a drainage lysimeter study was initiated at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa Arizona. Drainage lysimeters are large steel boxes with the tops open. In this study, three lysimeters were installed. The lysimeters were 80" wide (two row widths), five feet long, and six feet deep. They were placed 18 inches below the soil surface and filled with soil as to best represent the soil in its natural condition. On April 10, cotton was dry planted and watered up. Throughout the season, water samples were taken from the lysimeters and from suction lysimeters placed in the field. Nitrogen applications were made according to field conditions and weekly petiole sampling. Irrigations were made according to field conditions and using the AZSCHED irrigation scheduling program. Treatment one was irrigated according to the schedule and amount recommended by AZSCHED. In treatment two, the timing was the same as treatment one, but the amount applied was 0.25 times more. Treatment three was also irrigated at the same time but with 0.5 times more water. Yield samples were taken at the end of the season and showed no significant differences between treatments, with yields averaging about 1100 lbs /acre of lint. The drainage amounts ranged from 4" in treatment three to 1.5 inches in treatment one. The corresponding nitrate -N losses were 33 lbs/acre for treatment three and 20 lbs/acre for treatment one. Monitoring will continue over the winter to assess the impact of winter rainfall.
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Husman, S. H., W. B. McCloskey, T. Teegerstrom, P. A. Clay, and R. J. Wegener. "Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Ultra Narrow Row Cotton Production in Arizona 1999-2000." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211303.
Full textAbstract:
Ultra Narrow Row (UNR) and conventional (CNV) cotton production systems were compared with respect to agronomic practices, yield, fiber quality, and production costs in experiments conducted in 1999 and 2000 in central Arizona. Cotton rows were 10 and 40 inches apart in the UNR and CNV systems, respectively. In 1999, the average lint yield in the UNR system, 1334 lb/A, was significantly greater than the 1213 lb/A yield of the CNV system. Similar results were obtained in 2000 with yields of 1472 and 1439 lb/A for the UNR and CNV systems, respectively. Fiber grades of both systems were comparable with most bales receiving a grade of 21 in 1999. The average bale grades in 2000 were 11 and 21 in the UNR and CNV systems, respectively. The quality of the fiber produced in both systems was also comparable with staple and strength measurements meeting base standards in both years. However, there was a consistent difference between the UNR and CNV systems in both years with respect to micronaire. Micronaire averaged 4.5 and 4.0 in the UNR system in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and 5.0 and 4.9 in the CNV system in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Variable growing costs were $607 and $446 for the UNR system in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and $660 and $519 for the CNV system in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Harvest and post-harvest variable costs were $234 and $209 in the UNR system in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and $217 and $224 in the CNV system in 1999 and 2000, respectively. The economic data indicated that the UNR system reduced production costs and increased profitability without sacrificing lint yield or quality. However, these experiments also indicated that many production challenges such as planting and obtaining adequate plant populations, managing plant height control, and weed control need further study.
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Nelson, J. M., R. E. Briggs, and G. Hart. "Effect of Plant Nitrogen Status on Effectiveness of Pix and Defoliants for Short-Season Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208258.
Full textAbstract:
A field study was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to determine the effect of nitrogen fertility level on the effectiveness of PIX and defoliants for short- season - cotton production. Increasing the nitrogen fertility level from 90 lbs N/A to 240 lbs N/A increased lint yields from 2.23 to 3.14 bales/A, respectively, in a 157-day growing season. FIX treatments did not promote earliness, and resulted in yield reductions. Increasing the application rates of Dropp from 0.1 to 0.2 lbs a.i./A and Def-6 from 0.75 to 1.13 lbs a.i./A resulted in increases in leaf drop. There was a significant linear decrease in the effectiveness of defoliants as the petiole NO3 N content increased from 850 to 2450 ppm.
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Nelson, J. M., R. E. Briggs, and G. Hart. "Effect of Irrigation Termination Date on Defolation and Yield of Upland Cotton for Short-Season Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208289.
Full textAbstract:
A field study was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to determine the influence of plant water stress on the effectiveness of defoliants and yield of short season cotton. Irrigation termination dates of 11, 18 and 24 August were used to achieve different levels of water stress at the time defoliants were applied (1 September). Irrigation termination dates had little effect on the response of cotton to defoliants. Def-6 at the lowest rate tested, 0.75 lbs a.i./A, was less effective in defoliating cotton with a 24 August irrigation termination date than cotton terminated earlier. Dropp resulted in higher defoliation percentages and 30% fewer unopened bolls at harvest than Def-6. Although the irrigation termination dates provided a range of CWSI values at the time of chemical termination, no clear relationship was found between CWSI values and defoliation percentages. Short season cotton (149 days) produced 3.2 bales of lint/A compared to 4.4 bales for a full-season crop (208 days).
36
Nelson, J. M., P. G. Bartels, and G. Hart. "Effect of Plant Water Status on Defoliation and Yield of Upland Cotton for Short-Season Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208667.
Full textAbstract:
A field study was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to determine the influence of plant water status at the time of defoliation on the effectiveness of defoliants and yield of short-season cotton. Irrigation termination dates of 14 and 26 August and 10 September were used to achieve different levels of plant water stress at the time defoliants were applied (19 September). Irrigation termination dates had no effect on seedcotton yield for cotton defoliated in September. As the period between the termination irrigation and the date of chemical defoliation was increased the effectiveness of defoliants was increased. CWSI and plant water potential measurements indicated that the irrigation termination dates resulted in large differences in plant water stress at defoliation time. There was a significant increase in the defoliation percentage as CWSI values increased (from 0.32 to 0.96) and water potential decreased (from -1.5 to -3.5 MPa). Short- season cotton (163 days) produced 4,396 lbs. seedcotton /A as compared to 5,299 lbs./A for a full-season crop (212 days).
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Ahmed, Sabah Kedar. "Yield, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake of drip irrigated cotton." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191143.
Full textAbstract:
The study consisted of two experiments conducted over two growing seasons. Urea ammonium nitrate was used as a source of N at rates of 50, 75, 100 and 150% of levels estimated to be ideal for maximum yield of cotton (Gossvpium hirsutum L.). The nitrogen fertilizer was applied through a drip irrigation system. The yield of seed cotton, flowering pattern, boll set, plant N uptake, and dry matter production were studied in relation to four N fertilizer rates and two plant populations in the 1984 study. Yield of seed cotton, plant N uptake and dry matter production were studied in relation to four N rates, three seeding rates, and three cotton cultivars in the 1985 study. Petiole nitrate patterns were studied both seasons. The effect of N applications on seed cotton yield was dependent upon the initial soil N and the yield possibility. In this study the lower rate of N appeared to be sufficient for the yields obtained. Thinning resulted in reduction of the total number of flowers and significantly decreased yield, but percent boll set was not affected. Nitrogen additions significantly increased plant N uptake and dry matter production as well as petiole NO₃-N levels during the growing season. The N need of cotton under drip irrigation was determined throughout the growing season by using petiole analysis. The levels of petiole NO₃-N for N sufficiency and deficiency which are accepted under furrow irrigation cotton were shown to be applicable for drip irrigated cotton. Yield of DPL-775 and DPL-90 cotton cultivars was significantly higher than that for DPL-41 cotton cultivar in 1985.
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Jackson, Brian Eugene. "Cotton gin compost as an alternative substrate for horticultural crop production." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/JACKSON_BRIAN_26.pdf.
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Jeoh, Tina. "Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30943.
Full textAbstract:
The current research investigates the utilization of cotton gin waste as a feedstock to produce a value-added product - fuel ethanol. Cotton gin waste consists of pieces of burs, stems, motes (immature seeds) and cotton fiber, and is considered to be a lignocellulosic material. The three main chemical constituents are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides of primarily fermentable sugars, glucose and xylose respectively. Hemicellulose also includes small fractions of arabinose, galactose, and mannose, all of which are fermentable as well.
The main issue in converting cotton gin waste to fuel ethanol is the accessibility of the polysaccharides for enzymatic breakdown into monosaccharides. This study focused on the use of steam explosion as the pretreatment method. Steam explosion treatment of biomass has been previously described to increase cellulose accessibility. The governing factors for the effectiveness of steam explosion are steam temperature and retention times. The two factors are combined into a single severity term, log(Ro). Following steam explosion pretreatment, cotton gin waste was subjected to enzyme hydrolysis using Primalco basic cellulase. The sugars released by enzyme hydrolysis were fermented by a genetically engineered Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli KO11). The effect of steam explosion pretreatment on ethanol production from cotton gin waste was studied using a statistically based experimental design.
The results obtained from this study showed that steam exploded cotton gin waste is a heterogeneous material. Drying and milling of steam exploded cotton gin waste was necessary to reduce variability in compositional analysis. Raw cotton gin waste was found to have 52.3% fermentable sugars. The fiber loss during the steam explosion treatment was high, up to 24.1%. Xylan and glucan loss from the pretreatment was linear with respect to steam explosion severity. Steam explosion treatment on cotton gin waste increased the hydrolysis of cellulose by enzyme hydrolysis. Following 24 hours of enzyme hydrolysis, a maximum cellulose conversion of 66.9% was obtained at a severity of 4.68. Similarly, sugar to ethanol conversions were improved by steam explosion. Maximum sugar to ethanol conversion of 83.1% was observed at a severity of 3.56.
The conclusions drawn from this study are the following: steam explosion was able to improve both glucose yields from enzyme hydrolysis and ethanol yields from fermentation. However, when analyzed on whole biomass, or starting material basis, it was found that the fiber loss incurred during steam explosion treatment negated the gain in ethanol yield.Master of Science
40
Wang, Shuo. "The breakdown of lambda-cyhalothrin in an Australian cotton production system." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26663.
Full textAbstract:
Laboratory investigations on the dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin in cotton-growing soil indicated that this insecticide dissipated according to first order kinetics, with a half-life ranging from 15.1 days to 37.0 days depending on different soil water content. The greater the soil water content, the shorter the half-life. This effect was more apparent when soil changed from moist soil (soil water content 30% - 90%) to soil slurry (soil water content 200% - 400%).
From sterile and non-sterile treatments, it was evident that microorganisms contributed a measurable proportion to the dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin from the soil. Some dissipation of this compound also occurred in the sterile treatment in this experiment, indicating that nonbiological losses also contributed to the dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin from soil, although this was relatively small, compared to biological loss. It can be concluded that biodegradation of lambda-cyhalothrin is likely to be more significant than chemical degradation in the dissipation of this compound in soil.
Another conclusion from these studies was that isomerization occurred in this soil, even in the dark. This is the first report of isomerization of lambda-cyhalothrin in the soil under dark conditions. The alkaline pH value of this soil may have some effect on the isomerization of this
compound.
In sterile buffer solution experiments at different pH values, it was observed that lambda-cyhalothrin was degraded in pH 9 buffer solution, but not in pH 7 buffer solution during four weeks. Isomerization of this compound was also found at both these two pH values, with the isomerization rate being much faster at pH 9. These results may explain the findings from my soil studies in which loss of lambda-cyhalothrin from sterile treatment and isomerization of this compound under dark condition were observed in this alkaline Narribri cotton-growing soil.
In biodegradation studies, despite attempts over several months, it was not possible to isolate microorganisms from soil enriched with this pyrethroid, even from the soil in which biodegradation was occurring. Apparently, the microorganisms responsible for the degradation were unable to degrade the lambda-cyhalothrin in artificial media in the absence of other carbon sources or factors present in soil. However, even with other carbon sources added to liquid cultures, it was not possible to cultivate lambda-cyhalothrin-degradating microbes. Apparently, all the conditions of culture employed were unsuitable for the isolation of the organisms responsible for biodegradation of the pyrethroid.
Dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin from cotton plants was studied in the glasshouse with a hydroponic-system. The dissipation of this compound on leaves was found to be slower than in cotton field and isomerization was also observed in this study.
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Norton, E. R., L. J. Clark, E. W. Carpenter, S. H. Husman, W. M. McCloskey, and P. Clay. "Evaluation of a Twin-Line Cotton Production System in Graham County." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197705.
Full textAbstract:
A single field study was established in 2001 at the Safford Agricultural Center to evaluate a twin-line cotton production system. This location was part of a larger, statewide program conducted in 2001. This location consisted of two separate planting dates (PD) in which two separate planting systems were used. Results from this location indicated trends in yield increases with the twin-line production system when compared to the single or conventional production system. Lint yield increases of approximately 200 lbs. lint/acre were observed on the second PD. Lower yields were observed in the twin-line planting with the first PD which was in part due to poor seed placement with the equipment used to plant the twin-line on the first PD. Results indicate the potential for increased yield with the twin-line production system with the caveat that the proper equipment be used to plant the twin-line system to ensure precise and consistent seed placement and spacing.
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Norton, E. R., and H. J. Borrego. "Evaluation of Envoke by Pix Interaction in Arizona Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198193.
Full textAbstract:
A single trial was conducted during the 2005 cotton growing season at The University of Arizona Safford Agricultural Center to evaluate the effects of the selective herbicide Envoke in combination and alone with the plant growth regulator (Pix). Combining applications of chemical inputs in a crop production system has the potential to help reduce costs by eliminating a trip across the field with equipment. The effects of these applications on growth, development, yield, and fiber quality was investigated. The trial was arranged with seven treatments including 1) control, 2) broadcast Envoke, 3) post-direct Envoke, 4) broadcast Pix, 5) broadcast Envoke + Pix, 6) post-direct Envoke followed by broadcast Pix, and 7) broadcast Pix followed by post-direct Envoke. These treatments were imposed in both normal and high soil moisture regimes. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two separate studies (normal and high soil moisture). Plots were monitored for effects on plant growth and development throughout the season by collecting a series of plant measurements from each treatment. Effects on final lint yield and fiber quality was determined by harvesting the center two rows of each four-row plot and weighing the resultant seed cotton. A sub-sample was collected for lint turnout and fiber quality analysis. Results indicated very little differences in plant growth and development among any of the treatments in both the normal and high moisture regimes. Significant differences were observed among lint yield and fiber quality parameters. Analysis of variance indicated significant effects due to treatment in lint yield, fiber length, strength, and uniformity. Significant differences were also observed due to soil moisture with respect to micronaire and fiber strength. Significant interaction between treatment and moisture regime was observed in micronaire, fiber length, strength, and uniformity. Results indicate that even though plant growth and development did not appear to be significantly impacted by the application of Pix + Envoke, lint yield was impacted. In both the normal and high soil moisture regimes the treatment receiving the combined application of Pix and Envoke produced the lowest yield.
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Norton, E. R., and H. J. Borrego. "Evaluation of Plant Growth Regulator Formulations in Arizona Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198211.
Full textAbstract:
A single experiment was conducted in 2005 at the University of Arizona Safford Agricultural Center in an effort to continue to evaluate several different formulations of the plant growth regulator (PGR) mepiquat chloride. Plots were established with the cultivar Deltapine DP 655BR on 19 April 2005. Four treatments were imposed on 18 July 2005 of 16 oz./acre applications of Mepex, Pix Ultra, and Pentia, plus a control plot. Plots were four 36” rows wide and extended the length of the irrigation run of 220 feet. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were monitored with respect to plant growth and development through collecting plant measurement data over the course of the season. Yield results were obtained by harvesting the center two rows of each plot and weighing the resultant seedcotton. Fiber quality was determined from a sub-sample collected from each plot at harvest. Plant growth and development trends indicated strong fruit retention levels all season with strong early season vigor. Each of the PGR applications had significant impact on plant height effectively reducing internode elongation. Lint yield results indicated increased yields for all PGR applications over the control with Pentia producing a statistically significant higher yield. Fiber quality was also impacted by PGR application. All PGR treatments had trends toward higher staple length, fiber strength, and fiber uniformity. These results are consistent with previous results indicating that PGR applications have the potential to increase yields under situations were high vigor is present.
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Mauney, Jack R. "Effects of Temperature on Floral Inititiation and Production of 4-Bract Squares by DPL-90." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219708.
Full textAbstract:
The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.When DPL-90 was exposed to average daily temperatures above 78 °F, the plants were delayed in the location of the first fruiting branch and produced squares which had 4-bracts. At temperatures below 78 °F, there were very few 4-bract squares produced.
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Muller, Felicity. "The effect of sodicity severity and depth on irrigated cotton production at Hillston, New South Wales." Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/912.
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Emara, el-Wakeil Nabil Mohamed. "New aspects of biological control of Helicoverpa armigera in organic cotton production." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971070105.
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Brown, Austin B. "Investigating Nutrient Management Innovations in Upland Cotton Production to Increase Agronomic Efficiency." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51730.
Full textAbstract:
This research was focused on increasing the efficiency of upland cotton production in the northern cotton belt through the use of new fertilizer formulations, placement, and timings. The objectives of the experiments reported in this thesis were to: 1) evaluate the effects of side-dress potassium (K), sulfur (S), and boron (B) formulation and application timing on tissue nutrient levels during the bloom period; 2) evaluate lint yield response of cotton to different formulations of nitrogen (N), K, S and B applied at side-dress; and 3) compare 5x5 banding (5 cm beside and 5cm below the seed) and deep placement of complete N-P-K-S blends to current nutrient management strategies on early season plant growth, nodes above white flower, total nodes, petiole nutrient concentrations during bloom, and lint yield. Tissue S and B concentrations were increased more often than K concentrations when the nutrients were applied with side-dress N. When evaluating P and K placement, petiole P levels were found to be significantly higher in unfertilized plots when no side-dress N was applied. Phosphorus and K placement and/or rate had no effect on lint yield when N was applied at side-dress during the study. Environmental conditions potentially influenced the response to P and K placement as 5x5 placement produced yields significantly higher during 2013 growing season at location 1, while deep placement produced significantly higher yields in 2014 at location 3. As a result, Virginia nutrient management recommendations for cotton have been updated to incorporate management strategies to maximize lint yields.Master of Science
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Olvey, James Michael. "Production of commercial F₂ cotton (Gossypium) hybrids utilizing a selective male gametocide." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185568.
Full textAbstract:
Literature was reviewed to substantiate the authors' concept that the F₂ hybrid in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a usable product. Obstacles to hybrid cotton production include effective emasculation techniques, economical methods to produce F₁s, including pollen transfer by insect vectors, and identification of parental combinations that demonstrate useful heterosis. F₁ hybrids useful in commercial agricultural crops became the focus of attention of plant breeders in the 1940's when, through mechanical emasculation of one monecious parent, a hybrid could be easily produced and the maximum expression of heterosis exploited. The complete flower of cotton, however, dictates chemical or biological rather than mechanical emasculation and the techniques available create problems of phytotoxicity, cytoplasmic incompatibility, and/or restoration. The author therefore abandoned the use of the F₁ hybrid concept for cotton hybrids and began to evaluate an alternative, the F₂ hybrid. The problems associated with genetic segregation in F₂ generations in other crops delayed acceptance of a F₂ hybrid concept for cotton until the 1980's when the research discussed herein and supported by University of Arizona, Pennwalt Corporation, and American Cyanamid Corporation was made. Trade secret constraints allow only the reporting of summarized data and not the detailed information appropriately on file with the companies. In the 26 year period between 1947 to 1973, only 70 hybrids were created by cotton researchers and evaluated in the F₂ generation for yield performance. Olvey and team created 467 hybrids using chemical emasculation techniques which were evaluated and reported in 1985 and 1986. Other researchers throughout the cotton belt have now studied 69 F₂ hybrids since 1986. The acceptance of the F₂ hybrid concept traces directly to the specific program developed by the author. Research cited substantiates that the chemical TD-1123 (3,4-dicloroisothiazole-5-carbolic acid) is an effective emasculator, that production costs can be reduced considerably by marketing the F₂ hybrid, and that extensive F₂ hybrid yield testing has shown that the F₂ hybrid has promise as a commercially feasible product.
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Griffin, J. R., and Jeffrey C. Silvertooth. "Evaluation of an Acid Soil Conditioner in an Irrigated Cotton Production System." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197270.
Full textAbstract:
A single field study was conducted on a sodium-affected soil at the University of Arizona’s Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC) in 1998. NuCotn 33B was dry planted and watered-up on 5 May 1998. Two treatments were evaluated; treatment 1 received no acid and treatment 2 received water-run acid applications. The acid used in this evaluation was sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). The acid was applied at approximately 11 gallons acid/acre at each scheduled irrigation throughout the entire growing season. All other agronomic inputs and decisions were uniformly applied to both treatments in the same manner throughout the season. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two treatments and six replications. Significant differences were found among the two treatments in terms of plant growth and soil water content (P<0.05). Lint yields were significantly different (P=0.0013) with the check having the highest yield.
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Holifield, C. D., J. C. Silvertooth, and H. Moser. "Comparison of Obsolete and Modern Cotton Cultivars for Irrigated Production in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197467.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC) to compare growth and development characteristics and determine differences in fruiting pattern and retention among two obsolete (Deltapine 16 and Acala 442) and three modern (Deltapine Acala 90, Deltapine 5415, and NuCotn 33b) Upland (G. hirsutum L.) cotton cultivars grown in an irrigated production system in Arizona. Results indicated that the majority of yield was produced at fruiting branches 10 through 18 at position one. Lint yield results indicated no significant differences among all cultivars tested, except for Acala 442, which was significantly lower than all others. Obsolete cultivars produced significantly higher amounts of lint on vegetative branches than modern varieties. Deltapine 16, followed by NuCotn 33b, had the highest harvest index and was the most efficient cultivar grown with respect to dry matter partitioning.