Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cotton paper

Academic literature on the topic 'Cotton paper'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cotton paper"

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El-Saied, Houssni, Magda G. El-Meligy, Samar H. Mohamed, and S. Abd El-Mongy. "Electrical insulated paper from cotton linter." Carbohydrate Polymers 90, no. 1 (September 2012): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.007.

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Jitjaicham, Manoon, and Boonsri Kusuktham. "Preparation of Paper Mulberry Fibers and Possibility of Cotton/Paper Mulberry Yarns Production." Indian Journal of Materials Science 2016 (August 25, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1498967.

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The novelty of yarn production from cotton/paper mulberry fiber blends was reported. The objective of this research was to prepare the paper mulberry fibers and study the possibility of production of yarns from cotton/paper mulberry fibers. For preparation of paper mulberry fibers, the inner bark was first immersed in water for 24 h. Then, the fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide at concentration of 5–10% (w/v) for 1–3 h. After that, the bleaching process was conducted with hydrogen peroxide at concentration of 5–25% (v/v) for different temperature and time. Finally, the fibers were washed with 10% (v/v) of nonionic surfactant at temperature of 90°C for 30 minute to remove the residual gum from the fibers. The results showed that optimum condition for scouring of the paper mulberry fibers was 15% (w/v) sodium hydroxide at 90°C for 2 h. The bleaching process with 15% (v/v) H2O2 at 90°C for 90 minute was suitable. The obtained fibers were blended with the cotton fibers to produce yarns by open-end spinning method. The % elongation and tenacity of the blended yarns increased with the increasing of the paper mulberry ratio. Also, the antifungal property of yarns was improved by the blending of cotton fibers with the paper mulberry fibers.
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Agalati, Barnabé, and Pamphile Degla. "Effet des coûts de transaction sur la performance économique et l’adoption du coton biologique au Centre et Nord du Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 1416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.20.

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Face au défi de la dégradation de l’environnement et des problèmes sanitaires liés à la production du coton conventionnel au Bénin, la production du coton biologique initiée depuis quelques décennies peine à se développer. Cet article s’intéresse à l’analyse de l’effet des coûts de transaction (CT) sur la performance économique et l’adoption du coton biologique au Centre et au Nord du Bénin. Basée sur un échantillon aléatoire de 408 producteurs dont 168 adoptants du coton biologique, l’étude a utilisé l’approche d’estimation des CT, la régression logistique et le test t de Student pour l’analyse des données. Les résultats montrent que les CT, plus élevés dans le système du coton biologique réduisent considérablement la performance économique de ce système et affectent négativement la probabilité de son adoption. Outre cet effet, il ressort également l’influence négative d’autres facteurs tels que le sexe, le niveau de rendement, la distance domicile-exploitation, le nombre d’années d’expérience dans la production cotonnière et le mode de faire valoir direct sur l’adoption du coton biologique. La formation technique dans la production du coton biologique et la situation géographique exercent par contre une influence positive sur l’adoption du coton biologique.Mots clés : Déterminants, système de production, économie néo-institutionnelle, agriculture biologique English Title: Effect of transaction costs on the economic performance and the adoption of organic cotton in central and northern Benin Regarding the environmental degradation challenge and health problems due to the production of conventional cotton in Benin, organic cotton production initiated several decades ago is struggling to develop. This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of transaction costs on the economic performance and the adoption of organic cotton in central and northern Benin. The study is based on a random sample of 408 producers, including 168 adopters of organic cotton. The transaction costs estimation approach, the logistic regression and the Student's t-test were used for data analysis. The results show that the high transaction costs in the organic cotton system significantly reduce the economic performance of this system and negatively affect the probability of adoption of organic cotton. In addition, there is the negative influence of other factors such as gender, the level of yield, the distance from home to farm, the years of experience in cotton production as well as the direct tenure mode in the adoption of organic cotton. On the other side, technical training in the production of organic cotton and the geographic location have a positive influence on the adoption of organic cotton.Keywords: Determinants, production system, new institutional economics, organic production.
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Gautam, Aashish, and Pratiksha Malviya. "Review Paper on Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Rice Husk Ash." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 1586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18918.

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S.Satyavishala, S. Satyavishala, V. Sridevi V.Sridevi, T. Giridharpurushottam T.Giridharpurushottam, and Gowthamich Gowthamich. "Effect of Sugarcane, Paper and Cotton Industrial Effluents on Physical and Biological Properties of Soil." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2014/192.

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Murray, Allen K., Robert L. Nichols, and Gretchen F. Sassenrath-Cole. "Cell wall biosynthesis: glycan containing oligomers in developing cotton fibers, cotton fabric, wood and paper." Phytochemistry 57, no. 6 (July 2001): 975–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00143-1.

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Stephens, Catherine H., Paul M. Whitmore, Hannah R. Morris, and Mark E. Bier. "Hydrolysis of the Amorphous Cellulose in Cotton-Based Paper." Biomacromolecules 9, no. 4 (April 2008): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm800049w.

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Purushottam, Wankhade Ashutosh, and Pratiksha Malviya. "Review Paper on Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Stone Dust and Sisal Fiber." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 1081–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23537.

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Juanga-Labayen, Jeanger P., and Qiuyan Yuan. "Making Biodegradable Seedling Pots from Textile and Paper Waste—Part B: Development and Evaluation of Seedling Pots." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 7609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147609.

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This study evaluates the efficacy of using textile waste blended with paper waste to form biodegradable seedling pots. A bio-composite blend of cotton (20% cotton, 40% newspaper, and 40% corrugated cardboard) and polycotton (20% polycotton, 40% newspaper, and 40% corrugated cardboard) with an optimum strength was formed into seedling pots. The appreciated seedling pots (untreated blends of cotton and polycotton) were compared with the commercial pots (cardboard seed starter pot and Jiffy pot) in terms of mechanical properties (tensile strength and compressive strength), biodegradability (soil burial test and anaerobic digestion), and seed germination. The untreated blends of cotton and polycotton pots demonstrated a comparable optimum strength, while the Jiffy pot and cardboard seed starter pot obtained the least tensile and compressive strengths, respectively. The anaerobic biodegradability assay suggests that the cotton blend pot, polycotton blend pot, and cardboard seed starter pot can degrade anaerobically because of high biogas and methane generation potential. A 100% seed germination was observed from the four seedling pots tested. Thus, the results demonstrate the efficacy of utilizing textile waste and paper waste to develop seedling pots with desirable strength and biodegradability compared to the commercial pots.
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Bel, Patricia Damian, and Bugao Xu. "Measurements of seed coat fragments in cotton fibers and fabrics." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 19 (September 26, 2011): 1983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511407370.

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Seed coat fragments (SCFs) are the parts of a seed coat that have been broken from the surface of either mature or immature seeds during mechanical processing. SCFs can cause spinning problems and fabric defects, which ultimately cause financial losses to the cotton industry. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an image-analysis tool that detects SCFs on fabrics and compares various methods of detection of SCFs in fiber and fabric. The first part of this paper looks at 12 international cottons (a broad range of cottons from distinctly different regions). The version called AFISPro is used in these studies. The SCFs in these fibers were measured by hand sorting, the Shirley Analyzer and the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS). The SCFs in the fabrics (made from the same cottons) were measured by hand counting and an automated image-analysis system (Autorate). The Autorate SCF fabric data had a high correlation with the hand-counting SCF fabric data. The same 12 international cotton samples and an additional 12 international cottons were used for the AFISPro studies, since AFISPro is much faster than hand sorting. Comparison of the fiber and fabric data showed a promising relationship between the AFIS SCF measurement and the SCF fabric data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cotton paper"

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Shen, Jiacheng. "Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30264.

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In this study, the hydrolytic kinetics of mixtures of cotton gin waste (CGW) and recycled paper sludge (RPS) at various initial enzyme concentrations of Spezyme AO3117 and Novozymes NS50052 was investigated. The experiments showed that the concentrations of reducing sugars and the conversions of the mixtures increased with increasing initial enzyme concentration. The reducing sugar concentration and conversion of the mixture of 75% CGW and 25% RPS were higher than those of the mixture of 80% CGW and 20% RPS. The conversion of the former could reach 73.8% after a 72-hour hydrolysis at the initial enzyme loading of 17.4 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g substrate. A three-parameter kinetic model with convergent property based on enzyme deactivation and its analytical expression were derived. Using nonlinear regression, the parameters of the model were determined from the experimental data of hydrolytic kinetics of the mixtures. Based on this kinetic model of hydrolysis, two profit rate models, representing two kinds of operating modes with and without substrate recycling, were developed. Using the profit rate models, the optimal enzyme loading and hydrolytic time could be predicted for the maximum profit rate in ethanol production according to the costs of enzyme and operation, enzyme loading, and ethanol market price. Simulated results from the models based on the experimental data of hydrolysis of the mixture of 75% CGW and 25% RPS showed that use of a high substrate concentration and an operating mode with feedstock recycle could greatly increase the profit rate of ethanol production. The results also demonstrated that the hydrolysis at a low enzyme loading was economically required for systematic optimization of ethanol production. The development of profit rate model points out a way to optimize a monotonic function with variables, such as enzyme loading and hydrolytic time for the maximum profit rate. The study also investigated the ethanol production from the steam-exploded mixture of 75 wt% cotton gin waste and 25 wt% recycled paper sludge at various influencing factors, such as enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and severity factor, by a novel operating mode: semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) consisting of a pre-hydrolysis and a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Four cases were studied: 24-hour pre-hydrolysis + 48-hour SSF (SSSF 24), 12-hour pre-hydrolysis + 60-hour SSF (SSSF 12), 72-hour SSF, and 48-hour hydrolysis + 12-hour fermentation (SHF). SSSF 24 produced higher ethanol concentration, yield, and productivity than the other operating modes. The higher temperature of steam explosion favored of ethanol production, but the higher initial enzyme concentration could not increase the final ethanol concentration though the hydrolytic rate of the substrate was increased. A mathematical model of SSSF, which consisted of an enzymatic hydrolysis model and a SSF model including four ordinary differential equations that describe the changes of cellobiose, glucose, microorganism, and ethanol concentrations with respect to residence time, was developed, and was used to simulate the data for the four components in the SSSF processes of ethanol production from the mixture. The model parameters were determined by a MATLAB program based on the batch experimental data of the SSSF. The analysis to the reaction rates of cellobiose, glucose, cell, and ethanol using the model and the parameters from the experiments showed that the conversion of cellulose to cellobiose was a rate-controlling step in the SSSF process of ethanol production from cellulose.
Ph. D.
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Ben, Fadhel Besma. "Voies alternatives de traitement pour l'obtention de papiers résistants à l'état humide et de textiles cellulosiques infroissables." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH6631.

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Cette thèse comporte un volet papetier et un volet textile. Dans le premier volet, de nouveaux produits capables d’améliorer la résistance à l’état humide (REH) du papier et qui soient si possible ‘écologiques’ ont été recherchés. Dans ce but, nous avons synthétisé avec de bons rendements des sels d’ammoniums quaternaires (SAQs) allylés dont beaucoup sont originaux. Ces sels ont été par la suite polymérisés à l‘aide d’un réacteur micro-onde. Les polymères obtenus sont cationiques, hydrosolubles et amphiphiles. Après fixation sur papier, nous avons mis en évidence qu’un traitement bicouche avec un copolymère amphiphile à base de bromure N,N-diallyl-pyrrolidinium (BDAP) et de carboxyméthylcellulose (CMC) apporte de façon inattendu un caractère hydrophobe marqué au papier traité alors que des copolymères réactifs synthétisés à base de N,N-diallyl-3-hydroxy-azétidinium (CDAHA) sont capables de conférer au papier une REH comparable à celle fournie par les résines polyamide-amine-épichlorhydrine (ou PAE) commerciales. Concernant le volet textile, l’objectif était de produire une recette optimale de traitement infroissable pour un tissu 100% coton à base d’acides polycarboxyliques, qui soit performante, non onéreuse et écologique. Pour cela, nous avons choisi l’acide citrique (AC) comme étant l’élément actif de la recette qui est à base de 5% d’AC et d’un mélange de catalyseurs : hypophosphite de sodium / cyanamide (1 éq ; 0,75 : 0,25). La température et le temps de réticulation ont été optimisés respectivement à 170°C et 90 s. L’infroissabilité ainsi conférée peut être estimée au mieux à assez bonne. En contrepartie, ce traitement infroissable engendre une dégradation de la résistance à la traction et du degré de blanc du support. Des supports de coton traités avec la recette optimale et éventuellement d’autres recettes ont été caractérisés par différentes méthodes analytiques. Les résultats trouvés montrent que la réaction d’estérification de la cellulose avec l’AC se produit principalement dans la paroi cellulaire et non pas en surface des fils de coton. En outre, le degré de polymérisation de la cellulose traité chute de 60%, ce qui est en accord avec les mesures dynamométriques déjà réalisées
This work is divided into two parts: a papermaking part and a textile one. In the first part, new and if possible ‘green’ products, which can improve paper wet-strength, have been designed. For this purpose, unsaturated quaternary ammonium salts (SAQs), many of them unpublished so far, were synthesized. These salts were then polymerized using a microwave reactor. The resulting (co)polymers are cationic, water-soluble and amphiphilic. We demonstrated that papers, once treated by an amphiphilic N,N-diallyl-pyrrolidinium-based copolymer and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) via a bi-layer treatment, were endowed with an obvious hydrophobic character. Moreover, other copolymers synthesized from N,N-diallyl-3-hydroxy-azetidinium (CDAHA) were able to impart to paper sheet a wet-strength comparable to that usually provided by polyamide-amine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins. The second part of the present work is dedicated to the development of an optimal anti-wrinkle recipe for cotton fabrics based on polycarboxylic acids. This recipe should be ideally efficient, cheap and eco-friendly. For that goal, citric acid (CA) was used as the active medium of the recipe that was based on 5% aq AC (w/w) solution and a catalyst mixture: sodium hypophosphite / cyanamide (1 eq, 0.75, 0.25). Temperature and heating duration was respectively optimized at 170°C and 90 s. Resulting crease-resistant properties can be estimated at best to good. However, such an anti-wrinkle treatment causes a degradation of both tensile strength and whiteness index. Cottons treated with the optimum recipe and other recipes were characterized by different analytical methods. Data showed that esterification reaction of cellulose with AC occurs mainly in the cell wall and does not affect the yarn surface. In addition, polymerization degree of treated cellulose was reduced of 60% in accordance with already measured mechanical properties
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Young, Eleanor Dawn, and ellie@goldstreetstudios com au. "Mechanisms of Controlling Colour and Aesthetic Appearance of the Photographic Salt Print." RMIT University. Applied Science, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080901.142948.

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Abstract The salt print is an important part of photography, both in its historic value and in the tonal range it can provide. This tonal range is greater than any other photographic printing process available to date attributed to the inherent masking ability of the metallic silver. However the intrinsic production problems have made it a 'forgotten' process. There are five key problems. 1. The difficulties in achieving the potential extensive tonal range. 2. The varying colour of the print. 3. Staining that appears in the print, during and after processing. 4. Instability and longevity of the salt print. 5. Contradictory and inaccurate information in material published on the salt print. Although the emphasis of the research is on exploring and controlling the colour and tonal range, the staining problems and stability of the print are also addressed. The materials used for contact negatives today vary in both capture and output, from analogue film processed in the traditional wet darkroom to a variety of transparent film printed from digital files. Inadequate density and tonal range can affect all types of negatives. To provide sufficient exposure time for the salt prints extended tonal range adjustments to the negative were necessary. These long exposures then converted sufficient silver salts to the image making metallic silver, utilising the intrinsic self-masking process. Ultimately this research has uncovered ways to control colour and tonal range and certain aesthetic qualities of the salt print, while simultaneously resolving some of the conflicts in published information. Accurate and consistent methods of processing eliminate staining, providing some stability to the print. The activities and steps carried out to make a salt print are manual; precise duplication is therefore almost unattainable. Nevertheless, although tests on a densitometer may display numeric differences, visual differences are barely noticeable.
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Lin, Shang Chi, and 林尚錡. "Low-cost paper and cotton-based Biochips applied to in vitro diagnosis." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xcg422.

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Pietzarka, Katharina. "Vergleichende In-Vitro-Studie zur Applikation von Kalziumhydroxid-Einlagen mit verschiedenen Techniken und Medikamenten." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E55-2.

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Ziel der Studie: Das Ziel der Studie war es, verschiedene Applikationsmethoden und Medikamente auf die erzielbare Homogenität der Füllung bei der Einbringung einer Kalziumhydroxid-Paste in den Wurzelkanal zu untersuchen. Weiterhin sollte die Untersuchung für zwei verschiedene Präparationsgrößen des Wurzelkanals erfolgen. Material und Methode: Für die Versuche wurden 160 konfektionierte Wurzelkanalmodelle verwendet, die vor ihrer Verwendung auf die apikale Gängigkeit überprüft wurden. Anschließend erfolgte die randomisierte Aufteilung der Proben gemäß den Präparationsgrößen 35 und 45 in zwei Hauptgruppen (n = 80), die wiederum in jeweils vier Untergruppen (n = 20) aufgeteilt wurden. Die jeweils 80 künstlichen Wurzelkanäle der beiden Hauptgruppen wurden standardisiert bis zur Größe 35 und bis zur Größe 45 präpariert. Die so präparierten Wurzelkanalmodelle wurden mit verschiedenen Medikamenten und Methoden jeweils für die Größe 35 und 45 gefüllt. Die erste Untergruppe wurde mit Hypocal gefüllt und anschließend mit einem Wattepellet verdichtet. Die zweite Untergruppe wurde mit Hypocal gefüllt, das anschließend mit einer Papierspitze im Kanal verteilt wurde, mit Hypocal nachappliziert und abschließend mit einem Wattepellet verdichtet. Die Applikationsmethode der dritten Untergruppe entspricht der Methode der ersten Gruppe, jedoch wurde Ultracal als Medikament genutzt. Die vierte Untergruppe wurde äquivalent zur zweiten Untergruppe mit Ultracal gefüllt. Die Wurzelkanalmodelle wurden geröntgt und mit Hilfe eines Score-Systems von zwei kalibrierten Untersuchern ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse wurden nach einem nichtparametrischen Rangverfahren für longitudinale Daten für die Kriterien „Vollständigkeit der Füllung“, „Qualität im apikalen Bereich“, „Überpressung“, „Blasengröße“ und „Füllung des Apex“ ausgewertet. Weiterhin wurden Paarvergleiche der Applikationsmethoden „Hypocal/Wattepellet“, „Ultracal/Wattepellet“, „Hypocal mit Verdichtung durch eine Papierspitze“ und „Ultracal mit Verdichtung durch eine Papierspitze“ für multiples Testen adjustiert nach Tukey angestellt. Die Untersuchungen wurden getrennt für die Größen 35 und 45 durchgeführt. Ergebnis: Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass keine Medikament-Applikations-Kombination in allen Kriterien generell eine vollständige, nicht-überpresste und blasenfreie Füllung gewährleistet. Weiterhin wurde aufgezeigt, dass die signifikant beste Füllqualität durch eine 3-malige Applikation der Kalziumhydroxid-Paste mit anschließender Verdichtung mit einem Wattepellet erreicht wurde. Es lag kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Kalziumhydroxid-Medikamenten hinsichtlich der Füllqualität vor. Schlussfolgerung: Die beste Füllqualität wurde unabhängig vom Medikament nach 3-maliger Applikation des Kalziumhydroxids und anschließender Verdichtung mit einem Wattepellet erzielt.
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Books on the topic "Cotton paper"

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Jairazbhoy, R. A. Pakistan gave the world cotton & paper. Lahore: Ferozsons, 1996.

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Southgate, M. C. Conservation of ancient Chinese printed paper: The effect of sodium nitrate on cotton based paper. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Cotone, conigli e invisibili segni d'acqua: 750 anni di storia della carta a Fabriano. Mantova: Corraini edizioni, 2013.

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Pirot, Jean. Les billets des chambres de commerce, 1914-1925: Catalogue de référence et de cotation. 2nd ed. [Paris: Chevau-Légers, 2002.

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Wendy, Owen, ed. The wheat king: The selected letters and papers of A.J. Cotton, 1888-1913. Winnipeg: Manitoba Record Society, 1985.

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1949-, DeLaurier Gregory F., and Dunn Mary Lee, eds. The cotton dust papers: Science, politics, and power in the "discovery" of byssinosis in the U.S. Amityville, NY: Baywood, 2002.

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India) World Cotton Research Conference (5th 2011 Mumbai. World Cotton Research Conference-5, Renaissance Convention Centre, Mumbai, 7-11 November 2011: Theme: technologies for prosperity : book of papers : oral presentations of WCRC-5. Edited by Kranthi K. R. editor, International Cotton Advisory Committee, Indian Society for Cotton Improvement, and Indian Council of Agricultural Research. New Delhi: Excel India Publishers, 2011.

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Laurens, Henri. Henri Laurens, 1885-1954: Bronzen, Steine, und Arbeiten auf Papier. [Berlin]: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Nationalgalerie, 1991.

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Athen, Svenska institutet i., ed. Encounters with Mycenaean figures and figurines: Papers presented at a seminar at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 27-29 April 2001. Stockholm: Svenska institutet i Athen, 2009.

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Sakai, Masako, and Michie Sahara. Washi Paper Cotton/Solid Cotton. Heian International, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cotton paper"

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Ryabova, Maria. "Venetian Trading Firm of the Soranzo Brothers (1406-1434) and Its Commercial Network." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni, 229–53. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.13.

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This paper contributes to the discussion of merchant networks in late medieval Europe by presenting a case study of the Soranzo fraterna, a Venetian trading firm which comprised brothers Donado, Giacomo (Jacopo), Piero, and Lorenzo Soranzo and operated in the first half of the 15th century, specializing mainly in the import of raw cotton from Syria. The author applies the methodology of so-cial network analysis (SNA) in order to reconstruct the egocentric (ego-centered) network of ties linking the Soranzo firm (“the ego”) with its partners and clients (“alters”).
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Baudron, Frédéric, Marc Corbeels, François Monicat, and Ken E. Giller. "Cotton expansion and biodiversity loss in African savannahs, opportunities and challenges for conservation agriculture: a review paper based on two case studies." In Natural Resource Management and Local Development, 89–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0174-8_6.

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Oakes, Harvey, and James Thorp. "Dark-Clay Soils of Warm Regions Variously Called Rendzina, Black Cotton Soils, Regur, and Tirs." In Selected Papers in Soil Formation and Classification, 136–49. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub1.c12.

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Lo Basso, Luca. "Traffici globali. Corallo, diamanti e tele di cotone negli affari commerciali dei Genovesi in Oriente." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni, 533–54. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.28.

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Genoese merchants, who certainly did not disappear after 1627, during the second half of the century were able to establish new global-scale commercial networks on a par with those of other merchant communities (those of the Jews for instance). In the 1660s and for a few decades, Genoese goods – paper and fabrics – sailed to the Indies with African slaves. On their way back, the same Genoese ships would carry tonnes of silver and a wealth of other colonial goods thereby increasing trade with the East. This commercial framework is the backdrop to the story of Nicolò and Pietro Francesco Fieschi, two brothers whose lives testify how between the second half of the seventeenth century and the early decades of the eighteenth century, merchants from Genoa certainly had not withdrawn from international commerce focusing only on financial profits. On the contrary they were able to find new commercial momentum in opportunities provided by the connections brought about by the ever-more globalised world.
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"Cotton, Timber and Wood, Pulp and Paper, Wool." In Agricultural Finance, 153–64. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118827352.ch9.

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Ghaiwat, Savita N., and Parul Arora. "Cotton Leaf Disease Detection by Feature Extraction." In Research Advances in the Integration of Big Data and Smart Computing, 89–104. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8737-0.ch005.

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Cotton leaf diseases have occurred all over the world, including India. They adversely affect cotton quality and yield. Technology can help in identifying disease in early stage so that effective treatment can be given immediately. Now, the control methods rely mainly on artificial means. This paper propose application of image processing and machine learning in identifying three cotton leaf diseases through feature extraction. Using image processing, 12 types of features are extracted from cotton leaf image then the pattern was learned using BP Neural Network method in machine learning process. Three diseases have been diagnosed, namely Powdery mildew, Downy mildew and leafminer. The Neural Network classification performs well and could successfully detect and classify the tested disease.
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Trevisani, Tommaso. "Riforme agrarie e mutamenti sociali nell’Uzbekistan dell’era dell’Indipendenza." In Eurasiatica. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-376-2/009.

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Cotton farming in Uzbekistan has been thoroughly reshaped by protracted decollectivization aimed at recovering agriculture from the post-Soviet crisis years. Based on a review of extant literature and on data collected over a socio-anthropological research in cotton-growing Khorezm region, this paper offers an overview over the Soviet-era cotton kolkhoz, post-Soviet agricultural reforms and agropolicies, and the transformations in rural society over the second post-Soviet decade. Agriculture in Uzbekistan is now resurfacing from difficult years, but old problems are perduring and prospects and burdens are more unequally distributed among stakeholders.
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Li, Dongchen, Shengyong Xu, Yuezhi Zheng, Changgui Qi, and Pengjiao Yao. "Navigation Path Detection for Cotton Field Operator Robot Based on Horizontal Spline Segmentation." In Robotic Systems, 1326–40. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch063.

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Visual navigation is one of the fundamental techniques of intelligent cotton-picking robot. Cotton field composition is complex and the presence of occlusion and illumination makes it hard to accurately identify furrows so as to extract the navigation line. In this paper, a new field navigation path extraction method based on horizontal spline segmentation is presented. Firstly, the color image in RGB color space is pre-processed by the OTSU threshold algorithm to segment the binary image of the furrow. The cotton field image components are divided into four categories: furrow (ingredients include land, wilted leaves, etc.), cotton fiber, other organs of cotton and the outside area or obstructions. By using the significant differences in hue and value of the HSV model, the authors segment the threshold by two steps. Firstly, they segment cotton wool in the S channel, and then segment the furrow in the V channel in the area outside the cotton wool area. In addition, morphological processing is needed to filter out small noise area. Secondly, the horizontal spline is used to segment the binary image. The authors detect the connected domains in the horizontal splines, and merger the isolate small areas caused by the cotton wool or light spots in the nearby big connected domains so as to get connected domain of the furrow. Thirdly, they make the center of the bottom of the image as the starting point, and successively select the candidate point from the midpoint of the connected domain, according to the principle that the distance between adjacent navigation line candidate is smaller. Finally, the authors count the number of the connected domains and calculate the change of parameters of boundary line of the connected domain to make sure whether the robot reaches the outside of the field or encounters obstacles. If there is no anomaly, the navigation path is fitted by the navigation points using the least squares method. Experiments prove that this method is accurate and effective, which is suitable for visual navigation in the complex environment of a cotton field in different phases.
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Giscombe, Jane. "The Dissemination and Reception of Isaac Watts’s Hymns and Psalms in the British North American Colonies to 1748." In Negotiating Toleration, 231–52. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804222.003.0012.

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The hymns and psalms of the Congregational minister Isaac Watts circulated in the North American colonies prior to the revivals of the 1730s and’40s. Watts's transatlantic links are clearly evident in his regular correspondence with ministers and academics including Cotton Mather and Benjamin Colman. He gave forty-nine of his own books to Yale and many of these survive. Watts exchanged many letters with Benjamin Colman, pastor in Boston and an overseer of Harvard. Watts has often been regarded as having been first published in America in 1729 when Benjamin Franklin reprinted his Psalms of David. This paper examines two earlier publications of Watts's work, both printed in 1720 in Boston, and Cotton Mather’s reception of Watts’ early work. In so doing, it seeks to understand better Watts's influence in the American colonies before the arrival of George Whitefield and the Great Awakening of mid-century.
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Hall, Christopher. "1. Gold, sand, and string." In Materials: A Very Short Introduction, 1–21. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199672677.003.0001.

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‘Gold, sand, and string’ considers elements of the Periodic Table from which every material we use is built. It focuses on three materials—gold, sand, and string—that represent the metallic, inorganic, and organic resources on which we draw. The atomic structure of gold, silver, iron, and copper are described along with the important alloys that can be created from them: bronze, brass, and steel. Quartz (silica) and calcite are also important minerals used in glassmaking and cement manufacture, respectively. Cellulose, a polymer made up of a sugar-molecule chain, is the most abundant material in the biosphere. It is at the heart of cotton and the commodity materials of wood and paper.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cotton paper"

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Hao, Mo, and Xiangjin You. "Paper-like Characteristics of Degreased Pure Cotton Spunlace." In 2015 4th International Conference on Sensors, Measurement and Intelligent Materials. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsmim-15.2016.142.

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Ikuta, Ayu, Ami Oshima, Akiko Iwata, Yuri Urano, Mikako Suzuki, Yoichi Ohyanagi, Koji Shibazaki, and Naoki Kamiya. "Automatic Classification of Hemp and Cotton in Digital Macro Photography using VGG-16 for Nondestructive Paper Analysis." In 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce46687.2019.9015416.

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Bautista, Brittany N., Guillermo F. Diaz Lankenau, Steven P. Guitron, Brandon D. Jennings, Rahul Nechlani, Astera S. Tang, Matthew R. Tucker, and Amos G. Winter. "Design of an Integrated Cotton Picking System for Small-Scale Indian Agriculture." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68132.

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India, the world’s largest producer of cotton, contains more than 4 million cotton farms that are less than 5 acres. These farms are incapable of large-scale mechanization due to small farm size and irregular farm shape. A previous team developed a handheld, roller-based picking device that demonstrated increased performance over similar products. However, a significant improvement in productivity requires increasing picking speed through mechanization as well as increasing worker cotton carrying capacity. We present a system that utilizes the roller-based picking device in tandem with a compressive storage bag and an efficient carrier. Through modeling and initial testing, the system demonstrates a two times (2X) improvement in worker productivity over current methods. This paper characterizes the cotton picking process, details the modules of the integrated system, and suggests further procedural improvements for greater increases in worker productivity.
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Gartshore, Dale. "Communication and Cooperation: Technology Transfer on Australian Family Cotton Farms." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2820.

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This paper presents findings of a recent study which explores rural women’s use of an agricultural decision support system, CottonLOGIC, within the Australian cotton industry. Meta-analysis is applied through the theoretical framework of structuration theory while diffusion theory is used for lower level analysis. The concept of communication is applicable to both theories. The significance of CottonLOGIC as a communication medium for technology transfer of industry research to cotton farms is evaluated in this paper. The findings suggest that CottonLOGIC is a recognised means of information exchange but even more valuable is the cooperation of stakeholders to influence effective reconstruction of farm management practices and technology usage.
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Kawasaki, Yoshihiro, Eiichi Aoyama, Toshiki Hirogaki, Tetsurou Ise, and Eiji Hara. "Strength Criteria for Designing Hybrid-Fiber Reinforced Plastic Gears." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66394.

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In this study, we investigated the bending fracture characteristic of FRP gears as an important design criterion. Gears made from four kinds of laminated materials were tested: cotton reinforced phenolic resin, cotton-carbon (30%:70%), cotton-aramid (70%:30%, 40:60%), aramid, and glass fiber cloth. Cotton-cloth and cotton-aramid cloth are called hybrid-fiber cloth in this paper. Gears were reinforced by setting the fiber cloth in radial and circumferential directions and were manufactured by hobbing. This results in the same bending fracture strength for all the gear teeth. First, we investigated the tensile strength of the laminated materials because this is a fundamental design criterion for metallic gears. Second, we estimated the bending fracture strength of each gear’s teeth because this is a fundamental evaluation index in the design of gears. Theoretically, the bending fracture strength of a gear is in proportion to the tensile strength of the materials from which it is made. However, in our experiments, we found this was not the case. To discover the cause, we looked at the fracture position on each gear tooth. That of the cotton-carbon gear was more towards the tip of the tooth than the in other gears, and that of the glass fiber gear occurred on the compressive pressure side of the tooth root. We then investigated the shearing strength and compressive strength of the materials because these may have influenced the position of the fracture points. The shearing strength of the cotton-carbon laminated material was low compared with its tensile strength, as was the compressive strength of the glass fiber laminated material. We found that if the shearing strength is low compared with the tensile strength, the position of the fracture that occurs is towards the tip of the gear tooth. If the compressive strength is low compared with the tensile strength, a fracture on the compressive side occurs. Our results show that it is necessary to consider the tensile, compressive, and shearing strength of FRP materials when designing gears made from FRP.
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Mackrell, Dale. ""We Work as a Team Really": Gender Homophily in the Australian Cotton Industry." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2849.

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This paper is based on an ongoing study that looks at farm management practices by Australian women cotton growers using farm management software, most particularly an agricultural decision support system, CottonLOGIC. The study is informed through a theoretical framework of structuration theory as a metatheory for probing the recursiveness of farm management and technology usage, and diffusion of innovations theory as a lower-level theory for analysing software adoption characteristics. Empirical research indicates that effective information exchange flows from homophilous communication. In this paper, the principles of homophily and heterophily in communication networks were initially drawn from diffusion theory. The findings suggest that despite apparent gender disparities, the presence of empathy and shared goals between farming partners overrides ‘gender heterophily’ to become gender homophily. Therefore cotton growers are informed of scientific research through homophilous communication, influencing the construction and reconstruction of innovative software usage and existing farm management practices.
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"Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Groundnut Shell Ash." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-6.

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Abstract. The analysis of GSA for the stabilization of soil samples is the subject of this research paper. In recent years, soil stabilization techniques have been effective in improving the shear strength parameters of poor soils. GSA is a naturally occurring substance that causes human health and environmental issues. Physical properties of soil were calculated, including Atterberg's limits, compaction characteristics, and strength characteristics of virgin soil samples. GSA was applied to the soil in various percentages (2 to 10 percent). The soil sample's intensity increased up to 6% before decreasing. It is clear that 6% of GSA to the soil is an optimum percentage and it leads to an increase in shear strength and bearing capacity in expansive soil.
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Shang, Aiguo, Jin Qin, and Changjie Lu. "Based on 200L Barrels of Low-Level Solid Waste Encapsulates Device Design." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30110.

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This paper presents the design of the low-level solid waste encapsulation device for the 200L barrels. The device is used to compress and package the low-level contaminated waste such as cotton goods, rubber, plastic products, leather products and paper products.
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Fu, Yiping, and Thomas Winterberger. "Effect of Inlet Steam Temperature on the HP Section Efficiency of a Steam Turbine." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49345.

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Steam turbines for modern fossil and combined cycle power plants typically utilize a reheat cycle with High Pressure (HP), Intermediate Pressure (IP), and Low Pressure (LP) turbine sections. For an HP turbine section operating entirely in the superheat region, section efficiency can be calculated based on pressure and temperature measurements at the inlet and exhaust. For this case HP section efficiency is normally assumed to be a constant value over a load range if inlet control valve position and section pressure ratio remain constant. It has been observed that changes in inlet steam temperature impact HP section efficiency. K.C. Cotton stated that ‘the effect of throttle temperature on HP turbine efficiency is significant’ in his book ‘Evaluating and Improving Steam Turbine Performance’ (2nd Edition, 1998). The information and conclusions provided by K.C. Cotton are based on test results for large fossil units calculated with 1967 ASME steam tables. Since the time of Mr. Cotton’s observations, turbine configurations have evolved, more accurate 1997 ASME steam tables have been released, and our ability to quickly analyze large quantities of data has greatly increased. This paper studies the relationship between inlet steam temperature and HP section efficiency based on both 1967 and 1997 ASME steam tables and recent test data, which is analyzed computationally to reveal patterns and trends. With the efficiencies of various inlet pressure class HP section turbines being calculated with both 1967 and 1997 ASME steam tables, a comparison reveals different characteristics in the relationship between inlet steam temperature and HP section efficiency. Recommendations are made on how the results may be used to improve accuracy when testing and trending HP section performance.
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HORSKA, Elena, Alim PULATOV, and Khabibullo PIRMATOV. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF VALUE ADDED AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.213.

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The goal of this paper is to analyse socio-economic role of value added agriculture in Uzbekistan. The main agricultural exports are cotton (raw and yarn), fruits, vegetables, leather, wool and fur. There is an opportunity to acquire more social and economic advantages by exporting finished goods, which are made out of primary agricultural commodities. Adding value to agricultural products lead to increasing the share of finished goods in export, supplying import-substituting products, improving infrastructure in rural areas, providing new jobs and growing people’s income. The paper presents the analyse of the agriculture sector in GDP and the production dynamics of the primary agricultural commodities during 2005-2014, as well as comparison the share of cotton, fruits, vegetables and leather in export in 2005 and 2014. Based on the analyses it is recommended to widely use value added agriculture in order to support people, who are living in rural areas in Uzbekistan.
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