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1
Pahlavani, M., A. Miri, and G. Kazemi. "Response of oil and protein content to seed size in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Sahel)." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-009-0004-8.
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Response of oil and protein content to seed size in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Sahel) This study was designed to identify the response of oil and protein content to non-heritable variation of seed size in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiment was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences, Gorgan, Iran in 2005. The results showed that germination and emergence increased linearity with seed size and R2 of these relationships were 92 and 89%, respectively. This means that larger seed had higher potential of germination and emergence. Also, there was a strong linear relationship between seed weight and oil content. Seed weight provided a better indication of oil content (R2=0.78) than protein content (R2=0.43). There are no considerable relationship between seed size and protein content of seed. The results of this study also showed a positive and significant correlation between seed weight and oil content (r=0.88**), germination percent (r=0.95**), germination index (r=0.84*), emergence percent (r=0.94**), and emergence index (r=0.88**). This results suggest that oil content, germination and emergence of cotton seed was largely affected by size of seeds. The effects of seed size where studied here are pure effects of size and is not confounded by other effects such as genotypic factors. This finding helps cotton breeders for the genetic improvement of germination and emergence along with oil and protein content of seeds.
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Reynolds, C. K., R. H. Phipps, A. K. Jones, and D. E. Beever. "Milk production response of lactating dairy cows to dietary fat from three sources." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200598755.
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Feeding fat to increase metabolisable energy content of lactation rations for dairy cows is now a common practice. It generally increases milk yield but decreases milk protein concentration. In North America whole oil seeds (cotton seeds, soya beans, sunflower seeds, etc.) containing high levels of linoleic acid are often fed as a fat source in a total mixed ration (TMR). Rape seed has also been fed and provides higher levels of oleic acid, but rape seed must be processed to be digested. Historically dietary fats for dairy cows have been rendered inert in the rumen to minimise negative effects on fibre digestion. In North America it is now recognised that unsaturated fats fed as whole oil seeds in a TMR do not have deleterious effects on digestion or intake, but these rations typically do not contain grass. Therefore our objective was to determine the intake and lactation response to feeding whole oil seeds (cotton seed and rape seed) in a grass silage-based ration and compare the response to that obtained using a rumen protected fat source as a positive control.
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Reynolds, C. K., R. H. Phipps, A. K. Jones, and D. E. Beever. "Milk production response of lactating dairy cows to dietary fat from three sources." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960003436x.
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Feeding fat to increase metabolisable energy content of lactation rations for dairy cows is now a common practice. It generally increases milk yield but decreases milk protein concentration. In North America whole oil seeds (cotton seeds, soya beans, sunflower seeds, etc.) containing high levels of linoleic acid are often fed as a fat source in a total mixed ration (TMR). Rape seed has also been fed and provides higher levels of oleic acid, but rape seed must be processed to be digested. Historically dietary fats for dairy cows have been rendered inert in the rumen to minimise negative effects on fibre digestion. In North America it is now recognised that unsaturated fats fed as whole oil seeds in a TMR do not have deleterious effects on digestion or intake, but these rations typically do not contain grass. Therefore our objective was to determine the intake and lactation response to feeding whole oil seeds (cotton seed and rape seed) in a grass silage-based ration and compare the response to that obtained using a rumen protected fat source as a positive control.
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Reynolds, C. K., D. J. Humphries, J. D. Sutton, B. Lupoli, R. H. Phipps, and D. E. Beever. "Rumen and post-rumen digestion in lactating dairy cows fed fat from three sources." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2000 (2000): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200000922.
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Whole oil seeds represent an alternative to many commercial rumen-protected fat sources as energy supplements in rations for lactating dairy cows. Rumen protection reduces the potential for negative effects of unsaturated fatty acids on fibre digestion, but the structure of many whole oil seeds are thought to reduce the reactivity of their fat in the rumen. Cotton seed is often imported for inclusion in UK dairy rations, but rape seed represents a home grown oil seed which has potential as an economical fat and protein source in UK dairy rations. However, the seed must be crushed or chemically treated to be digested effectively and crushing may liberate oil to the extent that rumen digestion is altered. In a 20 week lactation study, supplemental fat from rumen-protected fat, cotton seed and rape seed fed at 25 g/kg dry matter (DM) in a grass-silage based total mixed ration (TMR) increased milk yield to a similar extent. However, DM intake was reduced by cotton seed and milk protein was reduced by rumen-protected fat (Reynolds et al., 1998). These responses may reflect alterations in digestive function, thus the objective of the present study, conducted simultaneously to the lactation study, was to evaluate the effects of the same diets on rumen, postrumen and total digestion in lactating dairy cows.
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Y Venkateshwarlu and B Vidya Vardhini. "Enhancement of yield by application of salicylic acid in two cotton varieties grown in semi-arid tropics of Nizamabad." Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjls.2021.1.2.0107.
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The research experiments conducted on the role of salicylic acid (SA) sprayed in three concentrations viz., 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM and 3.0 mM on the yield in terms of buds/plant, flowers/plant, number of bolls/plant, boll weight, fibre length, number of seeds/plant, 100 seed weight and cotton seed oil contents of two varieties of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.) viz., Bt- cotton and non-Bt plants grown in the semi-arid tropics of Nizamabad was studied. Nizamabad district soil is known for its salinity and the black soil which is largely responsible for the drought and saline stresses which hampers plant growth and metabolism. Application of three concentrations of SA stimulated the yield of both Bt-cotton and non-Bt cotton varieties. The Bt-cotton variety showed better performance over non-Bt varieties. SA at 3.0 mM conc. was found most effective in increasing the yield of both cotton varieties of over 1.0mM SA, 0.5mM SA applications as well as untreated controls. The enhancement of yield in terms of buds/plant, flowers/plant, number of bolls/plant, boll weight, fibre length, number of seeds/plant, 100 seed weight and cotton seed oil contents in both cotton varieties is an indicator that SA mitigated the negative effect of the semi-arid conditions of the soils in Nizamabad district.
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Maeda, Andrea B., Jane K. Dever, Murilo M. Maeda, and Carol M. Kelly. "Cotton Seed Size – What is the “Fuzz” all About?" Journal of Cotton Science 23, no. 2 (April 2023): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/alqj7021.
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Breeding efforts to improve lint yields in cotton may have shifted photosynthate partitioning to fibers during seed development resulting in a reduction in seed size in modern cotton cultivars. While the textile industry is the main consumer of cotton, changes in seed quality including size and composition could negatively impact other sectors of the agriculture industry that utilize cotton raw materials other than fiber. There is evidence of smaller cotton seeds impacting germination and seedling vigor as well as a reduction in oil content as seed size decreases. Moreover, downstream sectors of the cotton industry such as gins, crushers, and feedlots have been trying to draw attention to the consequences of having extremely small seeds to their operations, such as reduced ginning efficiency, seedcoat fragments, challenges in the delinting and decortication process, changes in meal nutrition, etc. This review focuses on the impacts of pursuing ever-increasing lint percent in modern cotton cultivars at the expense of seed size and attempts to highlight some of the less-known concerns of downstream cotton industry sectors.
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Dowd, Michael K., Scott M. Pelitire, and Christopher D. Delhom. "Seed-Fiber Ratio, Seed Index, And Seed Tissue and Compositional Properties Of Current Cotton Cultivars." Journal of Cotton Science 22, no. 1 (2018): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/rjni8976.
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Because of the continual efforts to breed cotton for increased fiber yield, several seed/fiber compositional properties have likely shifted over the decades. Conversations with breeders, ginners, and oil processers have identified several concerns, including smaller seed size, weaker hulls, increased seed and hull fragment contamination of fiber, and reduced seed oil and protein levels—all of which directly affect the economic value of the crop. To better understand these changes, field cotton samples of current cultivars were collected from areas around Stoneville, MS; Lubbock, TX; and Las Cruces, NM. The samples were ginned and cleaned to determine seed-to-fiber ratio, seed index, and the proportions of linter, hull, and kernel tissues. Kernels were then analyzed for oil, protein, and gossypol. Results from the three-year study (2014 through 2016) indicated that the average seed-to-fiber ratio was 1.41 ± 0.11 (range: 1.19–1.61, as is basis) and has declined compared with data sets published prior to 1950. Of the varieties included in the study, seed index averaged 9.75 ± 0.99 g (range: 8.08–11.8 g, as is basis) and also showed an overall decline compared with early published data. Seed tissue proportions have changed less, although a decrease in the percentage of linters was apparent. The average level of seed oil and protein does not appear to have changed much over the years, although oil levels were very low for a few individual cultivars.
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P, NAGARAJAN. "COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES ON OIL CONTENT IN RELATION TO FUZZ GRADES IN COTTON." Madras Agricultural Journal 84, February (1997): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00839.
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The seeds of Gossypium are usually fuzzy of different grades. The combining ability on oil content in relation to fuzz grades is reported in this paper. Seven cotton lines differing in fuzz grade from fully fuzz to naked seeds were crossed with the fuzzy varieties: MCU.5, MUC.7, MCU.9 and LRA. 5166 in a 'line x tester' fashion. Seed oil percentage exhibited greater range of variation among hybrids (16.55 to 23.58). The naked seed parent, TCH.89/7 recorded the highest significant oil percentage (23.66) and hybrids involving naked seed parent also recorded significantly higher oil percentage. Heritability (broad sense) was as high as 94.6 per cent though, the genetic advance as percentage of mean was low (8.49%). The GCASCA ratio was also less than unity indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene action for oil content. Significant relationship between the per se performance and gea effects of the parents for oil content was noticed with sparsely fuzzed line TCH.65/8 and naked seed line TCH.89/7. Bot the cross combinations with high sea effects with respect to oil content involved poor conbiners. Correlation studies revealed that seed oil content had a significant and negative correlation co-efficient (-0.34) with fuzz grade and had significant and positive correlation co-efficient (0.34) with single seed kernel weight.
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Zarbaliyeva, I. A. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NEW SURFACTANTS BASED ON COTTON–SEED OIL TRIGLYCERIDES, ETHANOLAMINES AND ORTOPHOSPHORIC ACID." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 1 (2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2018-1-31-36.
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K, RATHINAVEL, DHARMALINGAM C, and PANEERSEL VAM S. "EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF COTTON SEED cv.TCB 209 (Gossypium barbadense L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 86, june (1999): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00610.
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Field experiments conducted during summer and winter 1996 seasons with 10 treatments involving zinc and boron in various combinations showed significant differences for yield attributing characters in cotton. The number of sympodia plant (30.0%), number of bolls plant (39.2 %). boll weight (49.8 %). seed weight holl (36.8%). number of seeds boll (10.8 %) were significantly higher for plants given combined soil application of ZnSO, (50 kg ha') and borax (10 kg ha"). The seed cotton yield and seed yield were 47.1 % and 19.2 % higher for the same treatment over control. The quality of resultant seeds in terms of 100 seed weight, germination, speed of germination, seedling growth, drymatter production, vigour index, dehydrogenase enzyme activity and oil content were also significantly higher for the seeds from plants received both ZnSO, and borax through soil or foliage.
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Zhong, Yike, Yongbo Wang, Pengtao Li, Wankui Gong, Xiaoyu Wang, Haoliang Yan, Qun Ge, et al. "Genome-Wide Analysis and Functional Characterization of LACS Gene Family Associated with Lipid Synthesis in Cotton (Gossypium spp.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 8530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108530.
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Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the fifth largest oil crop in the world, and cottonseed provides abundant vegetable oil resources and industrial bioenergy fuels for people; therefore, it is of practical significance to increase the oil content of cotton seeds for improving the oil yield and economic benefits of planting cotton. Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (LACS) capable of catalyzing the formation of acyl-CoAs from free fatty acids has been proven to significantly participate in lipid metabolism, of which whole-genome identification and functional characterization of the gene family have not yet been comprehensively analyzed in cotton. In this study, a total of sixty-five LACS genes were confirmed in two diploid and two tetraploid Gossypium species, which were divided into six subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships with twenty-one other plants. An analysis of protein motif and genomic organizations displayed structural and functional conservation within the same group but diverged among the different group. Gene duplication relationship analysis illustrates the LACS gene family in large scale expansion through WGDs/segmental duplications. The overall Ka/Ks ratio indicated the intense purifying selection of LACS genes in four cotton species during evolution. The LACS genes promoter elements contain numerous light response cis-elements associated with fatty acids synthesis and catabolism. In addition, the expression of almost all GhLACS genes in high seed oil were higher compared to those in low seed oil. We proposed LACS gene models and shed light on their functional roles in lipid metabolism, demonstrating their engineering potential for modulating TAG synthesis in cotton, and the genetic engineering of cottonseed oil provides a theoretical basis.
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Bawa, G. S., M. Orunmuyi, and O. Odelewo. "Effects of cotton seed oil sludge on the performance and carcass characteristics of young rabbits." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v34i2.1181.
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A feeding trial lasting 63 days was conducted using 60 weaned rabbits of mixed sexes and breeds with an average initial live weight of 487.50g. The rabbits were allotted to replicates each. Cotton seed oil sludge (CSOS) was included at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% levels of the experimental diets respectively. The diets were isonitrogenous (20% CP). The results showed that feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly different (P<0.05) across the dietary treatments. The highest weight gain was observed on rabbits fed diet containing 12% level of cotton seed oil sludge (CSOS). The use of cotton seed oil sludge in rabbit diet was cost effective. The percentage reduction in feed cost per kilogram of diet for the 3,6,9 and 12% level of inclusion were 2.90, 6.43, 12.04 and 15.25% respectively. The dressing percentage and percent belly fat increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of cotton seed oil sludge. A non-significant but slight increase was observed with the carcass weight and weight of the major organs (P>0.05) as the level of cotton seed oil sludge increased in the diet. It was concluded that cotton seed oil sludge (CSOS) can be included up to 12% level in the diets of young rabbits without adverse effects on performance and carcass characteristics.
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Ibragimov, M., A. Turdiboyev, and D. Akbarov. "Effects of electric pulse processing in increasing the efficiency of cotton oil from technical seeds." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012004.
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Abstract This article provides an analysis of the global demand for cottonseed oil consumption, the growing trend of cottonseed oil production and methods of obtaining vegetable oil based on modern technologies. Based on the results of the analysis, the electro technology of electric pulse processing of seed pulp was proposed to increase the efficiency of obtaining cottonseed oil from technical seeds. Experiments have shown that the maximum degree of damage to the seed nucleus by electric pulse treatment depends on the amount of oil extraction. It is also possible to reduce the roasting temperature of electrically pulsed seed pulp to 70-75 °C, and these parameters are considered be energy-saving parameters. It is possible to increase the amount of oil extracted from the seed and reduce energy costs in the technology through electro-pulse processing.
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Fan, Yun Long, Wan Quan Zhang, Liu Yang, Dong Lin Hu, Li Xin Zhu, and Chen Jiang Liu. "Transesterification of Cotton-Seed Oil by Heterogeneous Solid Super Base KF/MgO Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1496.
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An environmentally benign process was developed for the production of biodiesel from cotton-seed oil using KF loaded with MgO as a heterogeneous solid super base catalyst. The 20 wt% KF/MgO, after desiccated at 120 oC for 4 h, was found to be the optimum catalyst. Hammett indicator method, XRD, SEM and IR were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion, such as the molar ratio of methanol to cotton-seed oil, the catalyst amount, the reaction time and temperature were also discussed. When the transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux of methanol (65 oC), with a molar ratio of methanol to cotton-seed oil 12 : 1, a reaction time 2.5 h and a catalyst amount 2.5 wt%, the highest conversion of cotton-seed oil reached 99.14%.
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Rochester, Ian J., and G. A. Constable. "Nitrogen-fertiliser application effects on cotton lint percentage, seed size, and seed oil and protein concentrations." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 9 (2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20288.
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In order to develop a better understanding of some yield components, the response of three modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to increasing nitrogen (N) fertiliser application was assessed for lint percentage (LP) and seed weight, as well as seed protein and oil concentrations. Application of N fertiliser led to decreased LP in all three cultivars (by 1.5 percentage points), even if the N-fertiliser rate was above the optimum rate. There was a strong negative correlation between LP and seed mass because seed mass is a component of LP. Seed protein concentration increased, and seed oil concentration decreased, with increasing N fertiliser application. Seed germination was improved in seeds with higher oil concentration; therefore, seed produced with high N fertiliser had reduced seed vigour. It was concluded that little scope exists for further lint-yield increase via LP. For cultivars with small seeds, an integrated system across seed production and crop agronomy can achieve satisfactory seed vigour in the field while also achieving high commercial yields. Future improvements in yield will come from alternative and more complex yield components such as growth habit.
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Surakasi, Raviteja, Ravi Ganivada, and Ramya Pakalapati. "Study Comparing the Tribological Behavior of Cottonseed and Castor Oil Biodiesel Blended Lubricant under varying Load Conditions." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 4047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51178.
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Abstract: We have an increasing global need for bio lubricants that are safe for human and environmental use, easily biodegradable, and non-polluting. The friction and wear qualities of cotton seed blended lubricant as well as castor blended lubricant are compared and contrasted in this research using a Pin on disc wear testing Tribometer. In this research, we will look at the study's results and analyse their significance. Blended lubricants were created by combining cotton seed & castor based biodiesel with the basic lubricant SAE20W40 at volumetric ratios of 5, 10, 15, & 20%. Cotton seed and castor blended bio lubricants were tested for friction and wear at sliding velocities of 2.5 metres per second while subjected to weights of 50 N, 100 N, and 150 N. Wear might be slowed by as much as 15 percent by mixing in cotton seed biodiesel with the base oil, as has been shown. When this threshold is passed, wear increases at an ever-increasing pace. Castor oil blended lubricant performed best in wear tests when coupled with a base lubricant at a 5 and 10 percent castor oil blended lubricant concentration. The wear rate was accelerated when 15 percent castor oil was added to the basic lubricant. It has been discovered that at lowest and maximum load, CBL 5 and CBL 10 may serve as an alternative lubricant to increase mechanical efficiency at a sliding velocity of 2.5 metres per second. Because of their efforts, less need has been seen to lessen dependence on petroleum-based goods.
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Gao, Lihong, Wei Chen, Xiaoyu Xu, Jing Zhang, Tanoj K. Singh, Shiming Liu, Dongmei Zhang, et al. "Engineering Trienoic Fatty Acids into Cottonseed Oil Improves Low-Temperature Seed Germination, Plant Photosynthesis and Cotton Fiber Quality." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 7 (May 7, 2020): 1335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa062.
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Abstract Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3Δ9,12,15) and γ-linolenic acid \ (GLA, 18:3Δ6,9,12) are important trienoic fatty acids, which are beneficial for human health in their own right, or as precursors for the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. ALA and GLA in seed oil are synthesized from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2Δ9,12) by the microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) and Δ6 desaturase (D6D), respectively. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed oil composition was modified by transforming with an FAD3 gene from Brassica napus and a D6D gene from Echium plantagineum, resulting in approximately 30% ALA and 20% GLA, respectively. The total oil content in transgenic seeds remained unaltered relative to parental seeds. Despite the use of a seed-specific promoter for transgene expression, low levels of GLA and increased levels of ALA were found in non-seed cotton tissues. At low temperature, the germinating cottonseeds containing the linolenic acid isomers elongated faster than the untransformed controls. ALA-producing lines also showed higher photosynthetic rates at cooler temperature and better fiber quality compared to both untransformed controls and GLA-producing lines. The oxidative stability of the novel cottonseed oils was assessed, providing guidance for potential food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications of these oils.
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Basuki, Teger, and Joko Hartono. "Analisis Ekonomi Penggunaan Minyak Biji Kapas (MBK) untuk Bahan Bakar Nabati." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 3, no. 2 (October 10, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bultas.v3n2.2011.66-70.
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<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara ekonomi efisiensi penggunaan minyak biji kapas sebagai bahan bakar nabati (BBN) untuk kompor Semawar 203. Perlakuan yang diteliti sebanyak lima perlakuan, yaitu (1) 100% minyak biji kapas, (2) 75% minyak biji kapas dicampur 25% kerosin, (3) 50% minyak biji ka-pas dicampur 50% kerosin, (4) 25% minyak biji kapas dicampur 75% kerosin, (5) 100% kerosin. Hasil pene-litian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan kompor tekan Semawar tipe 203 dengan bahan bakar campuran antara 50% minyak biji kapas (MBK) dan 50% kerosin menunjukkan efisiensi tertinggi. Dengan biaya sebesar Rp 689,00 mampu untuk mendidihkan 2 liter air dalam waktu 6,20 menit (waktu didihnya pa-ling cepat di antara perlakuan lainnya).</p><p> </p><p>Purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of cotton seed oil used as a biofuel using Semawar 203 stove. The treatments consist of, i.e.: (1) 100% cotton seed oil, (2) 75% cotton seed oil mixture 25% kero-sene, (3) 50% cotton seed oil mixture 50% kerosene, (4) 25% cotton seed oil mixture 75% kerosene, (5) 100% kerosene. The results showed that by using the stove press Semawar type 203 with a fuel mixture of 50% cotton seed oil and 50% kerosene had the highest efficiency of cost. At a cost of Rp689,00 the mixture was able to boil 2 liters of water in 6.20 minutes (boiling time fastest among other treatments).</p>
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Ruan, Yong-Ling. "Recent advances in understanding cotton fibre and seed development." Seed Science Research 15, no. 4 (December 2005): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005217.
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The unique feature of the seed of tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense) is that about 30% of the seed coat epidermal cells develop into cellulose-enriched fibres, while the embryos synthesize oils and proteins. Hence, both the maternal and filial tissues of the cotton seed are of significant economic value. After initiation from the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis, the single-celled fibres elongate to 2.5–6.0 cm long in the tetraploid species before they switch to intensive secondary cell wall cellulose synthesis. Thus, apart from its agronomic importance, the cotton fibre represents a model single-cell system to study the control of cell differentiation and elongation, carbon partitioning to cellulose synthesis and also the interaction between maternal (fibre) and embryonic tissues in seeds. Over the past decade or so, significant effort has been made to understand the cellular and molecular basis of cotton fibre development and oil biosynthesis in the embryo. Metabolic engineering of the oil biosynthetic pathway in cotton seed has successfully produced healthier and stable oils. A number of candidate genes and cellular processes that potentially regulate various aspects of fibre development have been identified. Further elucidation of the in vivo functions of those candidate genes could significantly deepen our understanding of fibre development and offer potential for improvement of fibre quality through genetic engineering or marker-assisted breeding approaches.
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Awais, Hafiz Muhammad, Sarmad Frogh Arshad, Wajad Nazeer, Muhammad Usman, Abdul Latif Khan Tipu, Muqarrab Ali, Asif Saleem, Hasan Junaid Arshad, and Asma Shah Rukh. "Correlation, Regression Analysis of Seed Oil Contents in Relation to Morphological Characters in Cotton." Journal of Bioresource Management 8, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.1202.0192.
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Cotton is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. More than half of the export of Pakistan depends on cotton and cotton-based products. Morphological quantitative traits are important for estimation of cotton yield. In this regard, a study was conducted to evaluate the morphological responses on cotton crop at experimental farm of MNS-University of Agricultural Multan during the year 2019-2020. Four cotton varieties with different time windows (early, normal and late) were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement. Correlation and regression studies of cultivars of Gossypium and Malvaceae were analyzed for quantitative characters. Result revealed that significantly positive correlation of boll weight (r=0.211), seed volume (r=0.138), seed oil content (r=0.020) and negatively correlation with seed index (r= -0.005) was displayed by all traits with seed cotton yield, which showed that seed cotton yield was greatly influenced by all characters. Regression coefficients showed that a unit increase in seed index (b=71.375), seed volume (b=120.326), seed oil content (b=4.954) resulted into a proportional increased in seed cotton yield. In future, this study will helpful in selection program for improvement of cotton varieties towards the yield.
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Eevera, T., and K. Pazhanichamy. "Cotton Seed Oil: A Feasible Oil Source for Biodiesel Production." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 35, no. 12 (June 15, 2013): 1118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2010.514648.
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Yusuf, Hajara Oyiza, Joshua Olu, and Elizabeth O. Ojo. "Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Effect of Erythrophelum suaveolens Seeds Essential Oil on Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Locally Purchased Maize (Zea mays) Seeds In Abuja, Nigeria." Journal of Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jbt/2202.10.0110.
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Aspergillus flavus is ubiquitous and it is responsible for attacking and contamination of maize and the use of organic substances to arrest the proficiency of A. flavus is quiet limited, this study therefore aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition and antifungal effect of Erythrophelum suaveolens seed essential oil on A. flavus isolated from locally purchased maize seeds in Abuja. Extraction of an essential oil of the grinded seeds of E. suaveolens isolation through hydro-distillation method and petroleum ether as solvent utilizing clevenger apparatus. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of E. suaveolens seed oil was determined. Swabbing using sterile cotton swabs in a potato dextrose Agar (PDA) plates with 8hrs old broth culture of the A. flavus and a sterile cork borer used in making wells at the center of the culture plate at room temperature for 2hrs for diffusion to take place, this was done in triplicate to determine antifungal effect of the seed oil. The plates were incubated at 28ºC for 48hrs to measure the diameter of the inhibition zones. The results show that tannins, steroids, terpenoids, balsams, and cardiac glycosides were present in the plant seeds oil after 48 hrs, the triplicate shows an inhibitory diameter zone of 1.8, 1.7 and 1.4cm respectively. The plant seed essential oil had higher antifungal potency towards A. flavus isolated from maize seeds and presence of some bioactive compound.
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Patil, Prashantkumar Gulabrao, and Vaishali Patil. "Development of Prototype Double Roller Gin with Improved Power Transmission and its Performance Evaluation." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, no. 4 (December 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500403.
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Double roller gins are commonly used in India for ginning seed cotton. International Textile Manufacturers Federation's survey 2005 reported that degree of grease and oil contamination in cotton lint is serious in India1. Study revealed that the source of this contamination is the gearbox (power transmission system) of double roller gin as it is filled with grease/oil measuring about 20 kg. Prototype double roller gin has been designed and developed with new power transmission system which minimizes the use of oil and grease to a great extent. High Volume Instrument's results on fiber parameters indicated that quality of lint is at par with existing double roller gin with no prospect of oil and grease contamination. Developed machine is useful for cotton breeders, ginners, farmers to ascertain the ginning percentage and purity of seeds could be maintained. This prototype double roller gin could be the basis for design of modified double roller gin of a commercial size.
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Ajiboye, Tajudeen, and Adam Olalekan Abdulsalam. "Mechanical Characteristics of Heat-Treated Medium Carbon Steel Quenched using Blending Different Types of Vegetable Oils." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.04.04.2019.02.
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Quenching and tempering are processes that strengthen and harden materials like steel and other iron-based alloys. Conventional heat treatment procedures for producing martensitic steels generally involve continuous and rapid cooling of an austenitized specimen in some types of quenching media such as water, oil, or air, in which the properties of steel quenched depends largely on the properties of these quenching media. Four vegetable oils: Cotton seed oil, Neem seed oil, Shea butter oil and Palm kernel oil, were blended into two different samples, namely Blend A: Cotton seed oil and Neem seed oil and Blend B: Cotton seed oil, Neem seed oil, Palm kernel oil and Shear butter oil. These were mixed in different ratios. Samples of Medium Carbon Steel were heated to 850°C and soaked for 10 minutes inside a Muffle Furnace before quenching in the prepared quenching media. The Microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated to determine the quenching performance of the Vegetable Oil Blends. The results showed that Blend A1 produced best properties for the Impact Strength and Yield Strength with values of 0.82 J/mm² and 429.71N/mm² respectively. On the other hands, Blend A2 quenched Steel had best properties for the Hardness and Tensile Strength with 52.8 HRA and 892 N/mm² respectively. Microstructure analysis also confirms improved hardness and toughness exhibiting more martensite for blend containing the four oils than blend with only two oils.
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Zhao, Yan-Peng, Na Wu, Wen-Jie Li, Jian-Ling Shen, Chen Chen, Fu-Guang Li, and Yu-Xia Hou. "Evolution and Characterization of Acetyl Coenzyme A: Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes in Cotton Identify the Roles of GhDGAT3D in Oil Biosynthesis and Fatty Acid Composition." Genes 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12071045.
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Cottonseed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and serves as an edible oil in human nutrition. Reports suggest that acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) and wax ester synthase/DGAT (WSD1) genes encode a key group of enzymes that catalyze the final step for triacylglycerol biosynthesis and enable an important rate-limiting process. However, their roles in oil biosynthesis and the fatty acid profile of cotton seed are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize DGAT and WSD1 genes in cotton plants and examine their roles in oil biosynthesis, the fatty acid profile of cotton seeds, and abiotic stress responses. In this study, 36 GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes were identified in upland cotton (G. hirsutum) and found to be clustered into four groups: GhDGAT1, GhDGAT2, GhDGAT3, and GhWSD1. Gene structure and domain analyses showed that the GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes in each group are highly conserved. Gene synteny analysis indicated that segmental and tandem duplication events occurred frequently during cotton evolution. Expression analysis revealed that GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes function widely in cotton development and stress responses; moreover, several environmental stress and hormone response-related cis-elements were detected in the GhDGAT and GhWSD1 promoter regions. The predicted target transcription factors and miRNAs imply an extensive role of GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes in stress responses. Increases in GhDGAT3 gene expression with increases in cottonseed oil accumulation were observed. Transformation study results showed that there was an increase in C18:1 content and a decrease in C18:2 and C18:3 contents in seeds of Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing GhDGAT3D compared with that of control plants. Overall, these findings contributed to the understanding of the functions of GhDGAT and GhWSD1 genes in upland cotton, providing basic information for further research.
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Gnanamani, Senthilkumar, Pradeep Gaikwad, Lakshmisankar Subramaniam, and Rameshkumar Chandralingam. "Exergy analysis in diesel engine with binary blends." Thermal Science 26, no. 1 Part A (2022): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200808273g.
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Investigation on Diesel engine with minimized fuel consumption rate and increased output power is not the meaningful procedure if irreversibility in the thermodynamic system is ignored. This current procedure is aimed to signify the importance of exergy analysis in Diesel engine performance on the perspective of Second law of thermodynamics analysis. In this study, diesel-cotton seed oil blends were tested on engine running with direct fuel injection mode of operation. The experiments were conducted with diesel (D), 5% cotton seed oil-95% diesel (CB5), 10% cotton seed oil-90% diesel (CB10), and 15% cotton seed oil-85% diesel (CB15) for estimation of brake power, energy rate, and exergy rate in the fuel and exhaust, heat release rate, exergy destruction, ideal efficiency (I law), and actual (II law) efficiency. The results outcome that an increase in trend was observed in the fuel exergy and thermal exergy loss with engine speed for D, CB5, CB10, and CB15. The loss of exergy, heat release rate, percentage of exergy and exergy transferred through exhaust gases decreased for CB5, CB10, and CB15 compared to diesel.
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Suryanto, Andi, Zakir Sabara, HW, Andi Artiningsih, and Hardi Ismail. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS OF COTTON SEED OIL BY USING MICROWAVE." Reaktor 18, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.1.27-30.
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Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, environmentally friendly fuel made from vegetable oils through a transesterification reaction with methanol. During this time the manufacture of biodiesel takes a long time, which can be overcome with microwave heating. The use of microwave can decrease the reaction time and the amount of catalyst. The purpose of this study was to study the utilization of microwave as a heater in the transesterification reaction of cotton seed oil with the addition of NaOH catalyst 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% (w/w) with 100 watts microwave power and a reaction time of 15 minutes. Conversion of biodiesel from cotton seed oil with the NaOH catalyst concentrations 0.5% (w/w), 5 minutes, molar ratio of 1: 12 with a microwave power of 400 watts was 99.11%. The results of the analysis of several parameters on biodiesel products show that they have met the specifications based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006). Keyword: biodiesel, transesterification, cotton seed oil, microwave.
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Dutra, Viviane, Thais Maciel Tutida, Aline Pissinati, and Mauricio Ursi Ventura. "Mortality and adult deformation caused by vegetable oils sprayed on Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779) larvae." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (November 24, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.2015v1i2p68.
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The management of Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) larvae in passion fruit has been done almost exclusively with synthetic insecticides. The development of alternative methods is desirable to reduce problems caused by the exclusive use of chemical control. Vegetable oil from cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.), castor bean (Ricinus communis L) oil, and neem (Azaditachta indica A. Juss) were tested against larvae of D. juno juno, to evaluate mortality of larvae and deformities in adult insects. Treatments included spray solutions with 2.0% of oils (emulsifi ed with detergent). Detergent (1.0%) and distilled water were used as controls. Experiments were conducted for second, third and fi fth instar larvae. Evaluations were performed one and fi ve days after treatment. In the three instars tested, neem oil showed higher percentage of mortality (83. 73 and 64% respectively) than other treatments. Castor bean and cotton oils are more effi cient on second and third larval instar. Spraying of either oil determined deformation in adults. These deformations were more drastic in the insects which larvae were treated with cotton seed oil than neem and castor bean oil.
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Singh, Sandeep, Sumeet Sharma, S. K. Mohapatra, and K. Kundu. "Characterisation of Biodiesel Derived From Waste Cotton Seed Oil and Waste Mustard Oil." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 2, no. 2 (November 5, 2013): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2013.2.2.662.
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Biodiesel, an alternative fuel is derived from the fats of animals and plants. As energy demand increases and fossil fuels are limited, research is directed towards alternative renewable fuels. Properties of waste oil (cotton seed oil and mustard oil) have been compared with the properties of petrodiesel, showing a comparable regime for satisfactory optimized blend which is to be selected for the better performance of a C.I. engine with biodiesel. The work presented in this paper is the study of characteristics of biodiesel prepared from vegetable oils (waste cotton seed oil and waste mustard oil). The characteristics of biodiesel are to be checked at different blends(B10, B15, B20) and select the optimum blend based on these characteristics. The characteristics include free fatty acid value, density, viscosity, flash point and fire point, cloud point and pour point, carbon residue content and ash residue content.
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Bryson, Charles T., James E. Hanks, and Gene D. Wills. "Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control in Reduced-Tillage Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) with Low-Volume Technology." Weed Technology 8, no. 1 (March 1994): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039154.
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Field experiments conducted over three years at Stoneville, MS evaluated invert emulsion and oil diluents on the efficiacy of glyphosate and MSMA on purple nutsedge. The herbicides were applied at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ai/ha in an invert emulsion (oil-in-water) and a paraffinic oil at 19 L/ha (low-volume) and in water with a non-ionic surfactant (0.25% v/v) at 187 L/ha (high-volume). Purple nutsedge control with both herbicides was greater with the low-volume, invert emulsion and oil diluent applications than with high-volume, water diluent applications. Glyphosate and MSMA at 1.1 kg/ha in the oil diluent controlled purple nutsedge at least 88% when compared with the invert emulsion (≥ 75 and ≥ 76%, respectively) and water (≥ 42 and ≥ 44%, respectively) diluents. Cotton injury and seed cotton yields were unaffected by any treatment with MSMA but glyphosate with each diluent caused unacceptable cotton injury and seed cotton yield reduction.
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Liu, Q., S. Singh, and A. Green. "Genetic modification of cotton seed oil using inverted-repeat gene-silencing techniques." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 927–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280927.
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Inverted-repeat-based gene constructs targeted against two key cotton seed-specific fatty acid desaturase genes, ghSAD-1 encoding stearoylacyl carrier protein Δ9-desaturase and ghFAD2-1 encoding microsomal ω-6 desaturase, were transformed into cotton. The expression of ghSAD-1 and ghFAD2-1 in the inverted-repeat orientation resulted in increased levels of stearic and oleic acids, respectively. Interestingly, the content of palmitic acid in both high-stearic and high-oleic lines was substantially reduced. These materials offer the promise of developing cotton seed oil products with greatly improved nutritional appeal to consumers.
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R, Sheeba Jasmine, Kuttalam S, and Stanley J. "Harvest Time Residues of Abamectin 1.9 EC in Cotton Seed, Lint and Oil." Madras Agricultural Journal 98, JUNE (2011): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100269.
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Harvest time residues of abamectin 1.9 EC after four applications at 14 days interval on cotton @ 10.8, 14.5, 18.5, 22.5 and 29.0 g a.i.ha -1 were determined in seed, lint and oil using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with F-1050 fluorescence detector. The interval between the last spray and first harvest was 37 and 34 days in the first and second field experiments, respectively. The harvest time residues of abamectin were at below detectable level (BDL) in cotton seed, lint and oil sample at all the concentrations tested.
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Grigoryev, S. V., T. V. Shelenga, and K. V. Illarionova. "HEMPSEED AND COTTONSEED OILS IN THE ACCESSIONS FROM THE VIR COLLECTION AS SOURCES OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD INGREDIENTS." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 2 (October 13, 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-2-38-43.
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Background. Oils of hemp and cotton presently have reduced retail trade offer in Russia, but are widely produced and used. Industrial hemp is still cultivated and processed domestically. In the 1950s, industrial cotton was cultivated on a hundred thousand hectares in the country, and now there are signs of its restored growing. Both crops have the ability to restore the raw material base to produce textile fibers, seed and oil as well as the potential to improve functional food production, because they contain functional food ingredients in their oil capable of reducing human nutrition disorder risks, preventing or restoring nutrient deficiencies, preserving and improving health.Materials and methods. Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids’ profiles of hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) and cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L., G. herbaceum L., G. barbadense L.) oils were evaluated. Seeds were grown respectively under the conditions of the Russian North-West (hemp) and Adler District, Krasnodar Territory (cotton). The PUFA profile was measured using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry equipment (Agilent 6850, USA). All data were calculated using the UniChrom software.Results and conclusions. The content of the omega-6 linoleic acid in hemp accessions reached 64.2%; omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid, 27.1%; monounsaturated oleic acid, 14.0%. The sum of unsaturated acids was 94.2%; and that of polyunsaturated ones, 87.2%. Compared with hemp oil, cotton oil had a lesser sum of polyunsaturated (maximum 58.0%) acids, while its unsaturated acids were up to 79.0%. Oleic acid was found to reach 22.7% in cottonseed oil. Industrial cultivation of hemp and cotton in Russia need not be limited to textile fiber production, but may serve as a potential base of vegetable oils and food; just because of their PUFA contents, it is promising for the production of functional food ingredients, which have health benefits in reducing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, lowering the HDL cholesterol levels, and relaxing the smooth muscle cells in arteries, thus increasing the blood flow. Seed cake may be valuable addition to animal feed rations as well. As a result of the evaluations, valuable accessions (cultivars and lines) of hemp and cotton were identified. Although the selected accessions are not the products of previous breeding efforts aimed at the PUFA content improvement, they are promising source materials for the development of new cultivars with seeds enriched with compounds or sets of compounds that provide a beneficial effect on human health when included in the composition of food products (functional food ingredients).
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Liu, Baoling, Yan Sun, Xiaodan Wang, Jinai Xue, Jiping Wang, Xiaoyun Jia, and Runzhi Li. "Identification and Functional Characterization of Acyl-ACP Thioesterases B (GhFatBs) Responsible for Palmitic Acid Accumulation in Cotton Seeds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 12805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112805.
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In spite of increasing use in the food industry, high relative levels of palmitic acid (C16:0) in cottonseed oil imposes harmful effects on human health when overconsumed in the diet. The limited understanding of the mechanism in controlling fatty acid composition has become a significant obstacle for breeding novel cotton varieties with high-quality oil. Fatty acyl–acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase B (FatBs) are a group of enzymes which prefer to hydrolyze the thioester bond from saturated acyl-ACPs, thus playing key roles in controlling the accumulation of saturated fatty acids. However, FatB members and their roles in cotton are largely unknown. In this study, a genome-wide characterization of FatB members was performed in allotetraploid upland cotton, aiming to explore the GhFatBs responsible for high accumulations of C16:0 in cotton seeds. A total of 14 GhFatB genes with uneven distribution on chromosomes were identified from an upland cotton genome and grouped into seven subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. The six key amino acid residues (Ala, Trys, Ile, Met, Arg and Try) responsible for substrate preference were identified in the N-terminal acyl binding pocket of GhFatBs. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression profiles of GhFatB genes varied in multiple cotton tissues, with eight GhFatBs (GhA/D-FatB3, GhA/D-FatB4, GhA/D-FatB5, and GhA/D-FatB7) having high expression levels in developing seeds. In particular, expression patterns of GhA-FatB3 and GhD-FatB4 were positively correlated with the dynamic accumulation of C16:0 during cotton seed development. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression assay of either GhA-FatB3 or GhD-FatB4 demonstrated that these two GhFatBs had a high substrate preference to 16:0-ACP, thus contributing greatly to the enrichment of palmitic acid in the tested tissues. Taken together, these findings increase our understanding on fatty acid accumulation and regulation mechanisms in plant seeds. GhFatBs, especially GhA-FatB3 and GhD-FatB4, could be molecular targets for genetic modification to reduce palmitic acid content or to optimize fatty acid profiles in cotton and other oil crops required for the sustainable production of healthy edible oil.
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Roy, SK, SMM Karim, Z. Rahman, S. Aziz, and SMM Hassan. "The fatty acid composition and properties of oil extracted from cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) seed of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2012): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13064.
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Gossypium herbaceum (cotton) seed oil was investigated to determine the fatty acid composition and proximate analyses. The seed contains 15.0% of fatty oil. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acid each comprises 21.73% and 78.27%, respectively, of the oil. The percent composition of the extracted oil was identified by gas liquid chromatography. Among the identified fatty acid oleic acid contributed to the highest proportion (29.40)%, where as palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and ecosenoic acid combinedly contributed to the rest 70.60%. Proximate analysis showed that Gossypium herbaceum seed could be considered as a good source of oleic acid as well as it can be treated as edible oil (after refining). By removing gossypol, a toxic yellow polyphenolic compound produced by cotton and other members of the order Malvaceae, it can be considered as an edible oil. Activated charcoal can be used in this purpose. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13064 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 303-308 2012
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Dodds, Darrin M., Daniel B. Reynolds, Jonathan A. Huff, and J. Trenton Irby. "Effect of Pendimethalin Formulation and Application Rate on Cotton Fruit Partitioning." Weed Technology 24, no. 2 (June 2010): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-09-049.1.
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Because of the development of glyphosate-resistant weed species, the lack of new herbicide chemistry, and the late-season emergence of annual grass species, efforts are underway to expand the use of currently available herbicides for use in cotton. Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning. Oil- and water-based pendimethalin formulations as well asS-metolachlor were applied to cotton that had four true leaves. All pendimethalin andS-metolachlor applications included glyphosate for broad-spectrum weed control. Pendimethalin formulation and application rate had no effect on seed-cotton partitioning to horizontal fruiting zones, on second- or third-position horizontal fruiting sites, or on monopodial branches. However, increased seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominance was observed when the water-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at rates of 1.7 kg ai/ha and higher as well as when the oil-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at 3.3 kg ai/ha. Application of water-based pendimethalin at rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/ha and oil-based pendimethalin at rates of 0.8, 1.7, and 3.3 kg ai/ha resulted in reduced seed-cotton located at position 1 fruiting sites compared with the untreated check. POST application ofS-metolachlor had no effect on fruit partitioning to horizontal fruiting positions or vertical fruiting zones. Minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes were observed from application of glyphosate, pendimethalin, andS-metolachlor. However, no differences in seed-cotton yield were observed from application of glyphosate,S-metolachlor, or pendimethalin, regardless of formulation or application rate. POST pendimethalin application at rates less than 1.7 kg ai/ha is relatively safe and should provide cotton producers with an additional tool for herbicide-resistant weeds and late-season annual grasses.
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Seal, Suprabhat, Achyut K. Panda, Sachin Kumar, and R. K. Singh. "Production and characterization of bio oil from cotton seed." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 34, no. 2 (June 13, 2014): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.12011.
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Bellaloui, Nacer, Rickie B. Turley, and Salliana R. Stetina. "Cottonseed Protein, Oil, and Minerals in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines Differing in Curly Leaf Morphology." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030525.
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Cottonseed is an important source of protein, oil, and minerals for human health and livestock feed. Therefore, understanding the physiological and genetic traits influencing the nutrient content is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of leaf shape—curly leaf (CRL)—on cottonseed protein, oil, and minerals. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effect of the curly leaf trait on cottonseed protein, oil, and minerals in cotton lines differing in leaf shape. Our hypothesis was that since leaf shape is known to be associated with nutrient uptake, assimilation, and photosynthesis process, leaf shape can influence seed protein, oil, and minerals. A two-year field experiment using two curly leaf lines (Uzbek CRL and DP 5690 CRL) and one normal leaf (DP 5690 wild type) line was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Stoneville, MS, USA. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that both Uzbek CRL and DP 5690 wild type lines had higher seed oil, and nutrients N, P, K, and Mg than DP 5690 CRL. Calcium was higher in DP 5690 CRL for two years and protein was only higher than the parents in 2015. Consistent significant positive and negative correlations between some nutrients were observed, which may be due to environmental conditions, especially heat. This indicates that curly leaf trait may partially regulate the accumulation of these nutrients in seeds. The results demonstrated that leaf shape trait—curly leaf—can affect cottonseed nutritional qualities. This research is important to breeders for cotton selection for high seed oil or protein, and to other researchers to further understand the genetic impact of leaf shapes on seed nutritional quality. It is also important for scientists to use leaf shape as a tool for physiological, biochemical, and morphological research related to leaf development.
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Saidmuratov, U. A. "Optimization Of Heat And Mass Exchange Processes In Processing A Cell Of Oil Crops." American Journal of Applied Sciences 02, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue10-18.
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One of the promising areas in the technology of oilseed processing is electro physical processing methods. The use of electrophysical processing methods dramatically accelerates the flow of processes, increases labor productivity, reduces the need for production facilities, and in some cases reduces energy consumption. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to formulate the main goal of studying the process of heat treatment of cotton seed mint in a two-phase flow: to identify rational conditions for the process, to outline rational ways for effective structural design of the apparatus for heat treatment of cotton seed mint. Achieving this goal should ensure a reduction in the energy and material consumption of the process, an increase in the yield of black oil, an improvement in the quality indicators of the final products and working conditions of the staff. The analysis of technological processes occurring in a single biological cell of peppermint of cotton seeds is important, among other things, because it allows us to outline ways of choosing and synthesizing optimal process parameters, and to develop highly efficient plants. However, the solution to the problems of optimization of continuous heat and mass transfer (HMT) processes occurring in apparatuses or installations as a whole as L-optimization is labor intensive, since when considering complex HMT systems, the number of optimizing factors increases. In the systems under consideration, the number of main factors exceeds 20, even if they vary at two levels, more alternative options are required for optimization. The functional decomposition of optimization problems was carried out based on the hierarchical structure of the HMT systems, in which the hydrodynamic structure of the interacting flows is considered as the main central subsystem-processes, which are subsequently divided into more than elementary heat and mass transfer (HMT) processes. Optimization of the lower levels of technological plants for the implementation of solid-state processes is considered for IR - roasting in a solvent medium (IR-LCMSR).
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Hallabo, S., A. Alian, and Sahar Abdul Magied. "UTILIZATION OF DEODORIZER DISTILLATE UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER OF COTTON SEED AND PALM OILS AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT FOR SUNFLOWER SEED OIL." Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jfds.2010.82077.
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Ike, E. "Arrhenius-Type Relationship of Viscosity as a Function of Temperature for Mustard and Cotton Seed Oils." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 3b (November 15, 2020): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.205.
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The knowledge and estimate of transport behaviours of fluids are very influential in heat and mass flow. In this study, an equation correlating the Arrhenius energy (Ea), the pre-exponential factor (A), the Arrhenius temperature (T) and the Arrhenius activation temperature (T*) is applied so as to buttress the depth of discussion. The results obtained from the viscosity experiments of Mustard and Cotton seed oils at different temperature ranges offers very good results statistically. The Activation energy Ea, Entropic (pre-exponential) factor A, Arrhenius temperature TA and the Arrhenius activation temperature for the mustard oil were observed to be 374.37381 J/mole, 12.39260595 cP, -17.89797783 oC, 45.051 oC respectively while Activation energy Ea, Entropic (pre-exponential) factor A, Arrhenius temperature TA and the Arrhenius activation temperature for the cotton seed oil are respectively 451.90611 J/mole, 8.210386507 cP, - 25.8292961 oC, 54.381 oC. The coefficients of regressions (R2) for the graph of the natural log of viscosity versus reciprocal of temperature (Figures 2 and 4) for the mustard oil and cotton seed oil are 0.9996 and 0.9996 respectively. Since the correlation coefficient is the measure of how well a collection of data points can be modeled by a line, we can hence conclude that the natural log of the viscosity of both seed oil samples versus the inverse of their respective temperatures have a very good fit.
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Garba Sulaiman, Kamalu, Aminu Rabi'u Doguwa, Abubakar Suraja Ibrahim, and Nasiru Ado Muhammad. "EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF OIL EXTRACTED FROM COTTON SEED (GOSSYPIUMHIRSUTUM)." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 7 (November 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i07.001.
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In this study cottonseed oil extracted from Gossypiumhirsutum (Cotton seed) was carried out. The extraction was done using soxhlet method with n-hexane as the solvent. The extracted oil was characterized by different parameters. This includes the acid value, the free fatty acid value, the saponification value, the boiling point, the density, the pH value as well as the FT-IR spectra. The acid value, free fatty acid value, saponification value, and boiling point were found to be 3.903 mg KOH/g, 1.914 mg KOH/g, 193.23 mg KOH/g and 2340C respectively. The density of the oil was found to be 0.928 gcm-3 , while the pH value was 5.6. FT-IR analysis was carried out to ensure the quality of the extracted oil. The functional groups detected were sp2 CH stretches, sp3 C-H stretches, a strong band of –C=O of an ester and medium band of –C-O of an ester, this confirmed that the oil was not rancid and my resist rancidity due to the presence of tocopherol. The oil was found to be edible and of numerous potentials domestically and industrially after comparisons were made with values obtained from literature.
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Ali, Zeeshan, Saima Siddique, Amran Waheed, and Syed Faheem Shah. "Waste Clay for Biodiesel Through Base Catalyzed Transesterification of Residual Cotton Seed Oil." Journal of Energy Conservation 1, no. 1 (May 19, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2642-3146.jec-13-292.
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After processing of cotton seed oil (CSO) the activated bleaching clay (ABC) is converted to low valued waste bleaching clay (WBC). The chemical composition of ABC from Mirpur, Azad Kashmir region of Pakistan is found out as; SiO2 71.34, Al2O3 15.54, CaO 2.72, MgO 1.48, Na2O 0.51, K2O 0.23, Fe2O3 0.02. The clay has bleachability (74 %) and oil retention (32.70 %) by standard method (ASTM). The cotton seed oil recovered (CSOR) with polar/nonpolar solvents (31.1-36.3 %) have different FFA values (0.2-0.85). However, lower percentage of tri-esters (88 %) was found out in dark coloured CSOR as compare to freshly n-hexane extracted CSO (92.5 %) from edible oil refinery. The lower FFA (0.2) valued CSOR with n-hexane is transesterified at optimized conditions to mono alkyl esters (CSOR-FAME). The reaction was optimised by performing series of experiments to observe molar conc., of methanol-oil (3-18:1), catalysts; NaOH, NaOCH3, KOH, KOCH3- oil (0.25-1.5), temperature (20-80°C), reflux time (120 min) and mixing intensity (200-650 rpm). The maximum yield of biodiesel (98.5 %) has been found out by NaOCH3 (1.00 %) as catalyst, methanol-oil (6:1) at temperature (65°C) and stirring intensity (650 rpm). The properties of CSOR-FAME (biodiesel) are also under limits as per standards; ASTM 6751, EN 14214 and WBC/ CSOR-FAME appear to be an acceptable feedstock for fatty acids/biodiesel production as renewable fuel.
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S, Arunvenkatesh, and Rajendran K. "Evaluation of Plant Density and Cotton Genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on Yield and Fibre Quality." Madras Agricultural Journal 102, March (2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.001059.
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Field experiments were conducted during winter season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the feasibility of using cotton genotypes under high density planting system and to assess its effect on seed cotton yield, oil content and fibre quality parameters. The experiments were laid out in a strip plot design, replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental site was sandy clay loam with low available nitrogen (182 kg/ha), medium available phosphorus (12.6 kg/ha) and high available potassium (340 kg/ha). The experiment consisted of seven cotton genotypes viz., Jai, Ranjeet, TCH 1608, SVPR 3, Anjali, Suraj and LH 900 with four spacings viz., 30 × 30, 45 × 30, 60 × 30 and 90 × 30 cm. Ranjeet planted at the spacing of 30 × 30 cm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield. The percentage of oil content was significantly higher in Ranjeet genotype than other cotton genotypes. The fibre quality parameters viz., fibre length, fibre strength, micronaire, elongation percentage were significantly influenced by different cotton genotypes. The oil content and fibre quality was not significantly influenced by plant densities.
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Sawan, Z. M., EL-S. H. M. Hefni, and M. A. Allam. "Effect of Concentration and Time of Application of the Defoliant Harvade on the Lint, Seed, Protein and Oil Yields, and Oil Properties of Cottonseed." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015763.
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SUMMARYField experiments were performed in 1981 and 1982 on the cotton cultivar Giza 75 to determine the effect of different concentrations and application dates of the defoliant Harvade on the lint, seed, protein and oil yields, and oil properties of cottonseed. Defoliant concentrations of 240, 360 and 480 ml ha−1 increased lint yield per plant but tended to decrease seed index. Cottonseed yield per hectare, seed oil and protein percentage and yield, oil refractive index, free fatty acids, saponification and iodine values were not significantly affected by the defoliant. Late application increased lint yield per plant and cottonseed, oil and protein yield per hectare. Date of application had no effect on seed index, seed oil and protein percentage and oil properties.
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Kumar, Dinesh, Soo Min Kim, and Amjad Ali. "Solvent-free one step aminolysis and alcoholysis of low-quality triglycerides using sodium modified CaO nanoparticles as a solid catalyst." RSC Advances 6, no. 61 (2016): 55800–55808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13446g.
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Razzaq, Luqman, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Sajjad Miran, Salman Asghar, Saad Nawaz, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Nabeel Shaukat, et al. "Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks-Based Yield Optimization of Biodiesel Sourced from Mixture of Palm and Cotton Seed Oil." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106130.
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In this present study, cold flow properties of biodiesel produced from palm oil were improved by adding cotton seed oil into palm oil. Three different mixtures of palm and cotton oil were prepared as P50C50, P60C40, and P70C30. Among three oil mixtures, P60C40 was selected for biodiesel production via ultrasound assisted transesterification process. Physiochemical characteristics—including density, viscosity, calorific value, acid value, and oxidation stability—were measured and the free fatty acid composition was determined via GCMS. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques were utilized for the sake of relation development among operating parameters (reaction time, methanol-to-oil ratio, and catalyst concentration) ultimately optimizing yield of palm–cotton oil sourced biodiesel. Maximum yield of P60C40 biodiesel estimated via RSM and ANN was 96.41% and 96.67% respectively, under operating parameters of reaction time (35 min), M:O molar ratio (47.5 v/v %), and catalyst concentration (1 wt %), but the actual biodiesel yield obtained experimentally was observed 96.32%. The quality of the RSM model was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANN model statistics exhibit contented values of mean square error (MSE) of 0.0001, mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.1374, and mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 2.5088. RSM and ANN models provided a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9560 and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9777 respectively.
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B, Vinoth Kumar, and Kuttalam S. "Harvest Time Residues of Spirotetramat in Cotton." Madras Agricultural Journal 99, September (2012): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100145.
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Two field studies were conducted to assess the harvest time residues of spirotetramat on cotton at TNAU, Coimbatore during 2006 and 2007. Spirotetramat was sprayed thrice at fifteen days interval at 75 and 150 g a.i. ha -1 . Samples of seed, lint and oil were extracted with acetonitrile: water (80:20 v/v, containing 0.22 ml formic acid l -1 ). The results revealed that the harvest time residues of spirotetramat were below detectable level (BDL) in cotton lint, seed, oil and soil samples in both the field experiments.
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Atoeva, R. O., and H. Hotamova. "Improvement of valuable signs by using “Zerox” immunostimulant in cotton." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 03114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338903114.
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The article provides data that the depth of groundwater located at 2-2.5 m above sea level in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soil of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is applied in agriculture immunostimulant contact and triple action - “Zerox” norms (1 - 2 - 3 l / t; 1 - 2 - 3 l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha) and terms (in pre-sowing treatment of seeds, in the appearance of 2-4 true leaves, budding and flowering) of cotton vegetation , and in various densities (80-90; 100-110; 120-130 thousand pcs. bush / ha) standing, the highest yield (52.5 c / ha) and quality (fiber length 35.3 mm; fiber yield - 40% and 22.6% oil content) fiber and seed oil content were obtained when using Zerox at 2 l / t; 2l / ha + surfactant 0.15 l / ha at a plant density of 80-90 thousand pcs. bush / ha, which leads to high economic efficiency, the share of the first harvest (28.7%) and the constituent crop additives (by 11.7 c / ha), the quality (1.1 mm; 2.5%) of the fiber and oil content of seeds (1.5%) more than the control variant.
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Zhang, Letao, Yanping Luo, Zhenshan Hou, Zhenhong He, and Wumanjiang Eli. "Synthesis of Carbonated Cotton Seed Oil and Its Application as Lubricating Base Oil." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 91, no. 1 (October 8, 2013): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2358-1.
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