Relevant bibliographies by topics / COTS and low-cost sensor

Academic literature on the topic 'COTS and low-cost sensor'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "COTS and low-cost sensor"

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Jakub, Lev, Shapoval Vadym, Bartoška Jan, and Kumhála František. "Low-cost infrared sensor for wildlife detection in vegetation." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, Special Issue (December 22, 2017): S13—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/32/2017-rae.

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The protection of wild animals from mutilation or being killed during haymaking is still a serious problem connected with high working speeds and widths of modern harvesting machines. That is why the main aim of this study was to test low-cost, high-speed and low-noise infrared array sensor Melexis MLX90621 for the application of wildlife detection with the potential to be used in front of the mower equipment. The tests with two different crops with or without a hidden dog were made. Results showed that the sensor is able to detect an animal hidden in the crop with very high probability. Nevertheless, direct sunlight conditions can cause the problems when using infrared technology. A simultaneous use of other sensors working on different principle than infrared technology can be thus recommended.
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Ranđelović, Dušan, Goran Vorotović, Aleksandar Bengin, and Pavle Petrović. "Quadcopter altitude estimation using low-cost barometric, infrared, ultrasonic and LIDAR sensors." FME Transactions 49, no. 1 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2101021r.

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The goal of this research is to assess the different low-cost sensors for flight altitude measuring of a multirotor UAV at low altitude flight. For optimizing the sensor performances and accuracy, data filtering and other methods were applied. The flight altitude data were collected and stored for later analysis with reference to the true altitude. The correlation coefficient and the mean squared error were calculated in order to assess the sensors' performance. On the basis of the results of the study, it was possible to determine the choice of the adequate sensor for this specific use. The study showed that the best characteristics for this experiment conditions had the Garmin LIDAR-Lite V3HP sensor and the Bosch Sensortech BME280 that combined air humidity, atmospheric pressure, and air temperature sensor.
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Adla, Soham, Neeraj Kumar Rai, Sri Harsha Karumanchi, Shivam Tripathi, Markus Disse, and Saket Pande. "Laboratory Calibration and Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Capacitive and Very Low-Cost Resistive Soil Moisture Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020363.

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Soil volumetric water content ( V W C ) is a vital parameter to understand several ecohydrological and environmental processes. Its cost-effective measurement can potentially drive various technological tools to promote data-driven sustainable agriculture through supplemental irrigation solutions, the lack of which has contributed to severe agricultural distress, particularly for smallholder farmers. The cost of commercially available V W C sensors varies over four orders of magnitude. A laboratory study characterizing and testing sensors from this wide range of cost categories, which is a prerequisite to explore their applicability for irrigation management, has not been conducted. Within this context, two low-cost capacitive sensors—SMEC300 and SM100—manufactured by Spectrum Technologies Inc. (Aurora, IL, USA), and two very low-cost resistive sensors—the Soil Hygrometer Detection Module Soil Moisture Sensor (YL100) by Electronicfans and the Generic Soil Moisture Sensor Module (YL69) by KitsGuru—were tested for performance in laboratory conditions. Each sensor was calibrated in different repacked soils, and tested to evaluate accuracy, precision and sensitivity to variations in temperature and salinity. The capacitive sensors were additionally tested for their performance in liquids of known dielectric constants, and a comparative analysis of the calibration equations developed in-house and provided by the manufacturer was carried out. The value for money of the sensors is reflected in their precision performance, i.e., the precision performance largely follows sensor costs. The other aspects of sensor performance do not necessarily follow sensor costs. The low-cost capacitive sensors were more accurate than manufacturer specifications, and could match the performance of the secondary standard sensor, after soil specific calibration. SMEC300 is accurate ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 2.12%, 2.88% and 0.28 respectively), precise, and performed well considering its price as well as multi-purpose sensing capabilities. The less-expensive SM100 sensor had a better accuracy ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 1.67%, 2.36% and 0.21 respectively) but poorer precision than the SMEC300. However, it was established as a robust, field ready, low-cost sensor due to its more consistent performance in soils (particularly the field soil) and superior performance in fluids. Both the capacitive sensors responded reasonably to variations in temperature and salinity conditions. Though the resistive sensors were less accurate and precise compared to the capacitive sensors, they performed well considering their cost category. The YL100 was more accurate ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 3.51%, 5.21% and 0.37 respectively) than YL69 ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 4.13%, 5.54%, and 0.41, respectively). However, YL69 outperformed YL100 in terms of precision, and response to temperature and salinity variations, to emerge as a more robust resistive sensor. These very low-cost sensors may be used in combination with more accurate sensors to better characterize the spatiotemporal variability of field scale soil moisture. The laboratory characterization conducted in this study is a prerequisite to estimate the effect of low- and very low-cost sensor measurements on the efficiency of soil moisture based irrigation scheduling systems.
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Sunny, Ali Imam, Aobo Zhao, Li Li, and Sambu Kanteh Kanteh Sakiliba. "Low-Cost IoT-Based Sensor System: A Case Study on Harsh Environmental Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010214.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are promising technologies for exploiting in harsh environments such as can be found in the nuclear industry. Nuclear storage facilities can be considered harsh environments in that, amongst other variables, they can be dark, congested, and have high gamma radiation levels, which preclude operator access. These conditions represent significant challenges to sensor reliability, data acquisition and communications, power supplies, and longevity. Installed monitoring of parameters such as temperature, pressure, radiation, humidity, and hydrogen content within a nuclear facility may offer significant advantages over current baseline measurement options. This paper explores Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components to comprise an installed Internet of Things (IoT)-based multipurpose monitoring system for a specific nuclear storage situation measuring hydrogen concentration and temperature. This work addresses two major challenges of developing an installed remote sensing monitor for a typical nuclear storage scenario to detect both hydrogen concentrations and temperature: (1) development of a compact, cost-effective, and robust multisensor system from COTS components, and (2) validation of the sensor system for detecting temperature and hydrogen gas release. The proof of concept system developed in this study not only demonstrates the cost reduction of regular monitoring but also enables intelligent data management through the IoT by using ThingSpeak in a harsh environment.
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Chacón-Mateos, Miriam, Bernd Laquai, Ulrich Vogt, and Cosima Stubenrauch. "Evaluation of a low-cost dryer for a low-cost optical particle counter." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 24 (December 22, 2022): 7395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7395-2022.

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Abstract. The use of low-cost sensors for air quality measurements has become very popular in the last few decades. Due to the detrimental effects of particulate matter (PM) on human health, PM sensors like photometers and optical particle counters (OPCs) are widespread and have been widely investigated. The negative effects of high relative humidity (RH) and fog events in the mass concentration readings of these types of sensors are well documented. In the literature, different solutions to these problems – like correction models based on the Köhler theory or machine learning algorithms – have been applied. In this work, an air pre-conditioning method based on a low-cost thermal dryer for a low-cost OPC is presented. This study was done in two parts. The first part of the study was conducted in the laboratory to test the low-cost dryer under two different scenarios. In one scenario, the drying efficiency of the low-cost dryer was investigated in the presence of fog. In the second scenario, experiments with hygroscopic aerosols were done to determine to which extent the low-cost dryer reverts the growth of hygroscopic particles. In the second part of the study, the PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations of an OPC with dryer were compared with the gravimetric measurements and a continuous federal equivalent method (FEM) instrument in the field. The feasibility of using univariate linear regression (ULR) to correct the PM data of an OPC with dryer during field measurement was also evaluated. Finally, comparison measurements between an OPC with dryer, an OPC without dryer, and a FEM instrument during a real fog event are also presented. The laboratory results show that the sensor with the low-cost dryer at its inlet measured an average of 64 % and 59 % less PM2.5 concentration compared with a sensor without the low-cost dryer during the experiments with fog and with hygroscopic particles, respectively. The outcomes of the PM2.5 concentrations of the low-cost sensor with dryer in laboratory conditions reveal, however, an excess of heating compared with the FEM instrument. This excess of heating is also demonstrated in a more in-depth study on the temperature profile inside the dryer. The correction of the PM10 concentrations of the sensor with dryer during field measurements by using ULR showed a reduction of the maximum absolute error (MAE) from 4.3 µg m−3 (raw data) to 2.4 µg m−3 (after correction). The results for PM2.5 make evident an increase in the MAE after correction: from 1.9 µg m−3 in the raw data to 3.2 µg m−3. In light of these results, a low-cost thermal dryer could be a cost-effective add-on that could revert the effect of the hygroscopic growth and the fog in the PM readings. However, special care is needed when designing a low-cost dryer for a PM sensor to produce FEM similar PM readings, as high temperatures may irreversibly change the sampled air by evaporating the most volatile particulate species and thus deliver underestimated PM readings. New versions of a low-cost dryer aiming at FEM measurements should focus on maintaining the RH at the sensor inlet at 50 % and avoid reaching temperatures higher than 40 ∘C in the drying system. Finally, we believe that low-cost dryers have a very promising future for the application of sensors in citizen science, sensor networks for supplemental monitoring, and epidemiological studies.
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Liu, Chang, Stephen D. Prior, and James P. Scanlan. "Design and Implementation of a Low Cost Mini Quadrotor for Vision Based Maneuvers in GPS Denied Environments." Unmanned Systems 04, no. 03 (July 2016): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385016500059.

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This paper presents the design and implementation detail of an advanced mini quadrotor system, including the low cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) electronics and advanced control algorithm. The proposed quadrotor has a gross takeoff weight of 758[Formula: see text]g and 360[Formula: see text]mm frame diagonal size. It is capable of semi-autonomous maneuver in GPS denied environments, solely relying on onboard sensors and computers. A globally defined quadrotor model is formularized, and a nonlinear velocity tracking controller is implemented on the special Euclidean group SE(3). An optical flow and ultrasonic-based onboard downward-facing camera is used as the primary sensor to provide velocity and altitude measurement feedback for the controller. The control and sensor fusion algorithm is developed under Arduino compatible open source electronics.
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Catsamas, Stephen, Baiqian Shi, Boris Deletic, Miao Wang, and David T. McCarthy. "A Low-Cost, Low-Power Water Velocity Sensor Utilizing Acoustic Doppler Measurement." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 7451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197451.

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Current commercial sensors to monitor water flow velocities are expensive, bulky, and require significant effort to install. Low-cost sensors open the possibility of monitoring storm and waste water systems at a much greater spatial and temporal resolution without prohibitive costs and resource investment. To aid in this, this work developed a low-cost, low-power velocity sensor based on acoustic Doppler velocimetry. The sensor, costing less than 50 USD is open-source, open-hardware, compact, and easily interfaceable to a wide range of data-logging systems. A freely available sensor design at this price point does not currently exist, and its novelty is in enabling high-resolution real-time monitoring schemes. The design is capable of measuring water velocities up to 1200 mm/s. The sensor is characterised and then verified in an in-field long-term test. Finally, the data from this test are then used to evaluate the performance of the sensor in a real-world scenario. The analysis concludes that the sensor is capable of effectively measuring water velocity.
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Schwamback, Dimaghi, Magnus Persson, Ronny Berndtsson, Luis Eduardo Bertotto, Alex Naoki Asato Kobayashi, and Edson Cezar Wendland. "Automated Low-Cost Soil Moisture Sensors: Trade-Off between Cost and Accuracy." Sensors 23, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052451.

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Automated soil moisture systems are commonly used in precision agriculture. Using low-cost sensors, the spatial extension can be maximized, but the accuracy might be reduced. In this paper, we address the trade-off between cost and accuracy comparing low-cost and commercial soil moisture sensors. The analysis is based on the capacitive sensor SKU:SEN0193 tested under lab and field conditions. In addition to individual calibration, two simplified calibration techniques are proposed: universal calibration, based on all 63 sensors, and a single-point calibration using the sensor response in dry soil. During the second stage of testing, the sensors were coupled to a low-cost monitoring station and installed in the field. The sensors were capable of measuring daily and seasonal oscillations in soil moisture resulting from solar radiation and precipitation. The low-cost sensor performance was compared to commercial sensors based on five variables: (1) cost, (2) accuracy, (3) qualified labor demand, (4) sample volume, and (5) life expectancy. Commercial sensors provide single-point information with high reliability but at a high acquisition cost, while low-cost sensors can be acquired in larger numbers at a lower cost, allowing for more detailed spatial and temporal observations, but with medium accuracy. The use of SKU sensors is then indicated for short-term and limited-budget projects in which high accuracy of the collected data is not required.
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Lane, David W. "X-ray imaging and spectroscopy using low cost COTS CMOS sensors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 284 (August 2012): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.09.007.

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Sabatini, Anna, Alessandro Zompanti, Simone Grasso, Luca Vollero, Giorgio Pennazza, and Marco Santonico. "Proof of Concept Study of an Electrochemical Sensor for Inland Water Monitoring with a Network Approach." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 4026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204026.

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The technologies most suitable for monitoring the ecosystem of inland waters are image spectrometry and electrochemical sensors. The reason is that these instruments are able to ensure accuracy in the surveillance of very large areas through reliable and frequent measurements performed remotely. Electrochemical systems provide low-cost, miniaturized, reliable sensors that can be organized, when equipped with commercial on the shelf (COTS) low-power radio components implementing LoRaWAN, Sigfox or NB-IoT communications, in a dense network of sensors achieving the aforementioned requirements. In this work, a low-cost, low-size and low-noise electrochemical sensor endowed with protocols for network configuration, management and monitoring is presented. The electronic interface of the sensor allows high reproducible responses. As proof of concept for its utilization in inland water monitoring, the device has been tested for water composition analysis, bacteria identification and frequent pollutant detection: atrazine, dichloromethane and tetrachloroethene. The results are promising, and future investigations will be oriented to unlock the true potential of a general-purpose approach exploiting the continuous fusion of distributed data in each of the three considered application scenarios. A new device, with reduced power consumption and size, has been also developed and tested; this new device should be a node of a large network for inland water monitoring.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "COTS and low-cost sensor"

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Roussel, Stephane M. "Sensor Integration for Low-Cost Crash Avoidance." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/184.

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This report is a summary of the development of sensor integration for low-cost crash avoidance for over-land commercial trucks. The goal of the project was to build and test a system composed of low-cost commercially available sensors arranged on a truck trailer to monitor the environment around the truck. The system combines the data from each sensor to increase the reliability of the sensor using a probabilistic data fusion approach. A combination of ultrasonic and magnetoresistive sensors was used in this study. In addition, Radar and digital imaging were investigated as reference signals and possible candidates for additional sensor integration. However, the primary focus of this work is the integration of the ultrasonic and magnetoresistive sensors. During the investigation the individual sensors were evaluated for their use in the system. This included communication with vendors and lab and field testing. In addition, the sensors were modeled using an analytical mathematical model to help understand and predict the sensor behavior. Next, an algorithm was developed to fuse the data from the individual sensors. A probabilistic approach was used based on Bayesian filtering with a prediction-correction algorithm. Sensor fusion was implemented using joint a probability algorithm. The output of the system is a prediction of the likelihood of the presence of a vehicle in a given region near the host truck trailer. The algorithm was demonstrated on the fusion of an ultrasonic sensor and a magnetic sensor. Testing was conducted using both a light pickup truck and also with a class 8 truck. Various scenarios were evaluated to determine the system performance. These included vehicles passing the host truck from behind and the host truck passing vehicles. Also scenarios were included to test the system at distinguishing other vehicles from objects that are not vehicles such as sign posts, walls or railroads that could produce electronic signals similar to those of vehicles and confuse the system. The test results indicate that the system was successful at predicting the presence and absence of vehicles and also successful at eliminating false positives from objects that are not vehicles with overall accuracy ranging from 90 to 100% depending on the scenario. Some additional improvements in the performance are expected with future improvements in the algorithm discussed in the report. The report includes a discussion of the mapping of the algorithm output with the implementation of current and future safety and crash avoidance technologies based on the level of confidence of the algorithm output and the seriousness of the impending crash scenario. For example, irreversible countermeasures such as firing an airbag or engaging the brakes should only be initiated if the confidence of the signal is very high, while reversible countermeasures such as warnings to the driver or nearby vehicles can be initiated with a relatively lower confidence. The results indicate that the system shows good potential as a low cost alternative to competing systems which require multiple, high cost sensors. Truck fleet operators will likely adopt technology only if the costs are justified by reduced damage and insurance costs, therefore developing an effective crash avoidance system at a low cost is required for the technology to be adopted on a large scale.
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Jacobs, M. J. "A low cost, high precision star sensor." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4659.

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Thesis (MEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 1995.
189 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-126. Includes bibliography, list of appendixes, figures, notation and symbols. Digitized at 300 dpi (OCR), using a Bizhub 250 Scanner.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Sunsat microsatellite is being developed at the University of Stellenbosch. It is equipped with a high resolution earth imager which requires a sophisticated attitude determination and control system. Precise control of the satellite is impossible without high precision attitude sensors. The most accurate attitude sensor presently used by satellites is the star sensor. The aim 'of this thesis is to develop a low cost, high precision star sensor for the Sunsat microsatellite. The development included the selection of electronic and optical hardware followed by the design, construction and testing of the sensor. Software algorithms were developed and programmed to control the imager, extract stars from images and match the observed constellations to a star catalogue. A set of matching observed and reference vectors are passed to the attitude determination and control system which calculates the three axis orientation of the satellite.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Sunsat mikrosatelliet word tans by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch ontwikkel. Dit is toegerus met 'n hoeresolusie aardwaarnemingskamera en vereis 'n gevorderde orientasiebepaling-en beheerstelsel. Presiese beheer is onmoontlik sonder akkurate sensore. 'n Stersensor is die mees akkurate tipe sensor waarmee satelliete tans toegerus word. Die doelwit van hierdie tesis is die ontwikkeling van 'n hoe resolusie, laekoste stersensor vir die Sunsat mikrosatelliet. Die ontwikkeling behels die seleksie van elektroniese en optiese apparatuur wat gevolg is deur die ontwerp, opbou en toets van die sensor. Programmatuur algoritrnes is ontwerp om die kamera te beheer, sterre in fotos te herken en waargenome konstellasies in die sterkatalogus te vind. 'n Stel waargenome en verwysingsvektore stel die orientasiebepaling-en beheerstelsel in staat om die orientasie van die satelliet te bereken.
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Abbas, Syed Farhat. "Development of a low cost shock pressure sensor." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182538469.

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Rockey, Chad A. "Low-cost Sensor Package for Smart Wheelchair Obstacle Avoidance." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1327595053.

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Yap, Teddy. "Mobile robot navigation with low-cost sensors." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957353711&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268419222&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-144). Also issued in print.
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Reed, Ahren Alexander. "Detecting Suspicious Behavior With Low-cost Sensors." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/655.

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A proof of concept is created that demonstrates how low-cost sensors and a simple software solution can be used to proactively detect IED placement. The main goal is to detect suspicious behavior; Specifically we derive requirements that loitering, meandering, improper location and object placement shall be detected. Current methods being used to detect Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are costly in terms of equipment and risk to life, and many are retroactive; IED detection occurs long after explosives are placed. A prototype system is explored with the quality attributes of being low-cost, proactive and using simple software methods. A wireless sensor network of simple sensors may alert authorities to people in the act of placing IEDs. Previous work with Crossbow Motes showed that a network of infrared motion sensors can be used to detect loitering. In this prototype nine other sensors are reverse engineered to determine their true operating specifications. Then a prototype sensor network is developed to explore which low-cost sensors can be used to detect suspicious behavior. The results indicate that five low-cost sensors are effective in detecting suspicious behavior: infrared motion, infrared distance, light, force sensors and pressure sensors meet our requirements.
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Woo, Heechul. "The selective low cost gas sensor based on functionalized graphene." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX050/document.

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Les progrès récents dans les nanomatériaux présentent un fort potentiel pour la réalisation de capteurs de gaz avec de nombreux avantages tels que : la grande sensibilité de détection de molécule unique, le faible coût et la faible consommation d'énergie. Le graphène, isolé en 2004, est l'un des meilleurs candidats prometteurs pour le développement de futurs nanocapteurs en raison de sa structure à deux dimensions, sa conductivité élevée et sa grande surface spécifique. Chaque atome de la monocouche de graphène peut être considéré comme un atome de surface, capable d'interagir même avec une seule molécule de l'espèce gazeuse ou de vapeur cible, ce qui conduit finalement à un capteur ultrasensible.Dans cette thèse, des composants à base de graphène ont été fabriqués et caractérisés. Les films de graphène ont été synthétisés par dépôt chimique à phase vapeur (CVD) sur des substrats de verre. La spectroscopie Raman a été utilisée pour analyser la qualité et le nombre de couches de graphène. La microscope à force atomique (AFM) et la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) ont été également réalisées pour analyser la qualité du graphène. Après la caractérisation de couches de graphène, des dispositifs résistifs à base de graphène ont été fabriquées : quatre électrodes identiques ont été évaporées thermiquement et directement sur le film de graphène comme des électrodes métalliques. La caractérisation électrique a été réalisée à l'aide de Keithley-4200.La réponse de dispositif Intrinsèque a été étudiée sous différents conditions (pression, humidité, exposition à la lumière). Le dispositif a été fonctionnalisé de manière non covalente avec le complexe organométallique (Ru (II) trisbipyridine) et son effet sous exposition à la lumière a été étudié. La réponse de dispositif était reproductible même après de nombreux cycles en présence et en absence de la lumière. Les approches théoriques et expérimentales ainsi que les résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse ouvrent un moyen de comprendre et de fabriquer des futurs dispositifs de détection de gaz à base du graphène fonctionnalisé de manière non covalente
Recent advances in nanomaterials provided a strong potential to create a gas sensor with many advantages such as high sensitivity of single molecule detection, low cost, and low power consumption. Graphene, isolated in 2004, is one of the best promising candidate for the future development of nanosensors applications because of its atom-thick, two-dimensional structures, high conductivity, and large specific surface areas. Every atom of a monolayer graphene can be considered as a surface atom, capable of interacting even with a single molecule of the target gas or vapor species, which eventually results in the ultrasensitive sensor response.In this thesis work, graphene films were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) on the glass substrate. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the quality and number of layers of graphene. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were also performed to analyze the quality of graphene. After the characterization of graphene films, graphene based resistive devices (four identical electrodes are thermally evaporated directly onto the graphene film as metal electrodes) were fabricated. The electrical characterization has been carried out using Keithley-4200.Intrinsic device response was studied with different external condition changes (pressure, humidity, light illumination). The device was non-covalently functionalized with organometallic complex (Ru(II) trisbipyridine) and the its light exposure response was studied. The observed device response was reproducible and similar after many cycles of on and off operations. The theoretical and experimental approaches and the results obtained during the thesis are opening up a way to understand and fabricate future gas sensing devices based on the non-covalentely functionalized graphene
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Bouffard, Joshua Lee. "An Alternative Sensor Fusion Method For Object Orientation Using Low-Cost Mems Inertial Sensors." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/537.

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This thesis develops an alternative sensor fusion approach for object orientation using low-cost MEMS inertial sensors. The alternative approach focuses on the unique challenges of small UAVs. Such challenges include the vibrational induced noise onto the accelerometer and bias offset errors of the rate gyroscope. To overcome these challenges, a sensor fusion algorithm combines the measured data from the accelerometer and rate gyroscope to achieve a single output free from vibrational noise and bias offset errors. One of the most prevalent sensor fusion algorithms used for orientation estimation is the Extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF filter performs the fusion process by first creating the process model using the nonlinear equations of motion and then establishing a measurement model. With the process and measurement models established, the filter operates by propagating the mean and covariance of the states through time. The success of EKF relies on the ability to establish a representative process and measurement model of the system. In most applications, the EKF measurement model utilizes the accelerometer and GPS-derived accelerations to determine an estimate of the orientation. However, if the GPS-derived accelerations are not available then the measurement model becomes less reliable when subjected to harsh vibrational environments. This situation led to the alternative approach, which focuses on the correlation between the rate gyroscope and accelerometer-derived angle. The correlation between the two sensors then determines how much the algorithm will use one sensor over the other. The result is a measurement that does not suffer from the vibrational noise or from bias offset errors.
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Tozzi, Michael Jay. "Development and implementation of low cost mobile sensor platforms within a wireless sensor network." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5232.

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Sensor networks are used throughout the government and industry for a wide variety of purposes. Mobile Sensor Platforms (MSPs), from surface combatant vessels to unmanned aerial vehicles, have been integrated into these sensor networks since their inception. Unmanned MSPs currently used in sensor networks have two major drawbacks: They are extremely expensive and they require the control of a human operator. Remote controlled unmanned systems currently do not eliminate risk to personnel entirely, because they are typically too expensive to be considered expendable. If these standard unmanned systems are downed in a hostile environment, their recovery is often attempted by personnel on the ground; thus, still risking human lives. The military is exploring the use of low-cost unmanned MSPs to eliminate the need to risk personnel in their recovery. One of the greatest expenses in the life cycle of any system is operator cost. To reduce or eliminate operator cost, a platform must be autonomous. Though algorithms exist for adding autonomous capabilities to a mobile platform, such algorithms are typically designed for robust systems with a great deal of processing power. Low-cost systems are typically limited in capability by a low-processing power CPU. For this reason, small footprint alternatives to existing autonomous control algorithms must be developed to truly implement a low-cost MSP. This thesis applies the systems engineering process to developing a generic system solution for the need of a low-cost MSP, with concept of operations, external systems diagram, generic requirements, functional architecture and decompositions developed. The proposed generic system solution is then further designed in a scoped environment and implemented as a proof of concept prototype.
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Alzebda, Said Anwar. "Low-cost oscillating sensor for ultrasonic testing and monitoring of liquids." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546599.

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Books on the topic "COTS and low-cost sensor"

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R, Evans John. The design and performance of a low-cost strong-motion sensor using the ICS-3028 micromachined accelerometer. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. The design and performance of a low-cost strong-motion sensor using the ICS-3028 micromachined accelerometer. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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R, Evans John. The design and performance of a low-cost strong-motion sensor using the ICS-3028 micromachined accelerometer. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Lehrasab, Nadeem. A generic fault detection and isolation approach for single-throw mechanical equipment. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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John Wiley & Sons. Technical Insights., ed. Throwaway sensors: Ultra-low cost sensors key to smart products, smarter manufacturing. 2nd ed. New York: Technical Insights/J. Wiley, 1999.

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John Wiley & Sons. Technical Insights., ed. Technical Insights' throwaway sensors: Ultra-low cost sensors key to smart products, smarter manufacturing. New York: Wiley, 1996.

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Singh, Rupinder, Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal, and Shyam Sundar Pattnaik. 3D Printing of Sensors, Actuators, and Antennas for Low-Cost Product Manufacturing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003194224.

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Three-Dimensional Object Search, Understanding, and Pose Estimation with Low-Cost Sensors. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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Africa Centre for Energy Policy, ed. A value for money analysis of ABFA: Funded educational projects in three senior high schools. Accra, Ghana]: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2017.

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Wiebe, John C. Cost study of sprinker installations for senior citizens' housing. [Edmonton, Alta.]: Alberta Municipal Affairs, Innovative Housing Grants Program, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "COTS and low-cost sensor"

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Ploechinger, H. "Low-cost Filling Level Sensor." In Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications Yearbook 2002, 321–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18213-6_39.

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Li, Xiujun, and Gerard C. M. Meijer. "A Low-Cost and Accurate Conductance-Measurement System." In Sensor Technology 2001, 143–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0840-2_25.

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Komarizadehasl, S., M. Komary, J. Turmo, V. Torralba, F. Lozano, and J. A. Lozano-Galant. "Low-cost accurate acceleration acquisition sensor." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 803–10. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-96.

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van der Goes, Frank M. L., and Gerard C. M. Meijer. "Low-Cost Interfaces for Sensors and Sensor Systems." In Analog Circuit Design, 197–217. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2602-2_10.

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Huber, Jochen, Juan Antonio Enriquez, Antonio Escobar, Stefan Kolb, Alfons Dehé, Franz Jost, and Jürgen Wöllenstein. "Photoakustischer Low-Cost CO2-Sensor für Automobilanwendungen." In Automobil-Sensorik, 79–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48944-4_4.

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Smith, Rodney D., David K. Benson, J. Roland Pitts, and Barbara S. Hoffheins. "Advances in Low Cost Hydrogen Sensor Technology." In Advances in Hydrogen Energy, 149–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46922-7_12.

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Zuo, Jian, Chenghao Zhang, Kuang-I. Shu, and Heng Zhang. "Localization Research Based on Low Cost Sensor." In Green, Pervasive, and Cloud Computing, 379–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64243-3_28.

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Mendez, Diego, and Monica Sanchez. "AQ Mapping Through Low-Cost Sensor Networks." In Air Quality Networks, 67–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08476-8_4.

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Tolosa, Leah. "On the Design of Low-Cost Fluorescent Protein Biosensors." In Optical Sensor Systems in Biotechnology, 99–123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_39.

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Müller, Ivan, Edison Pignaton de Freitas, Altamiro Amadeu Susin, and Carlos Eduardo Pereira. "Namimote: A Low-Cost Sensor Node for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networking, 391–400. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32686-8_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "COTS and low-cost sensor"

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Anupama, K. R., Meetha V. Shenoy, and Ch S. Sankhar Reddy. "BSwarm robot — A low cost mobile wireless sensor research platform using COTS products." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spices.2015.7091533.

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Zhao, Jianguo, and Ali Abbas. "A Low-Cost Soft Coiled Sensor for Soft Robots." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9916.

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Abstract:
Soft robots made from soft materials can closely emulate biological system using simple soft mechanical structures. Compared with traditional rigid-link robots, they are safe to work with humans and can adapt to confined environments. As a result, they are widely used for various robotic locomotions and manipulations. Nevertheless, for soft robots, being able to sense its state to enable closed-loop control using soft sensors remains a challenge. Existing sensors include external sensors such as camera systems, electromagnetic tracking systems, and internal sensors such as optical fibers, conductive liquid, and carbon black filled strips. In this paper, we investigate a new soft sensor made from low-cost conductive nylon sewing threads. By continuously inserting twists into a thread under some weight, coils can be formed to enable a coiled soft sensor. The resistance of the sensor varies with the change of length. The fabrication and experiments for this new coiled sensor is described in this paper. Embedding this sensor to a 3D printed soft manipulator demonstrates the sensing capability. Compared to existing soft sensors, the coiled sensor is low-cost, easy to fabricate, and can also be used as an actuator. It can be embedded to any soft robot to measure the deformation for closed-loop feedback control.
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Liberati, Fabrizio, Fulvia Verzegnassi, and Giorgio Perrotta. "Low cost Earth attitude sensor." In International Conference on Space Optics 2004, edited by Josiane Costeraste and Errico Armandillo. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2307989.

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Palma, G., O. Scognamiglio, and M. Lavorgna. "Low Cost Virtual Pressure Sensor." In SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1367.

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R, Balaji, Balasubramaniam V, John Alex D'cruz, Falco Sengebusch, and Stefan Tumback. "Low Cost Battery Sensor Algorithm." In 16th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-28-0021.

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Baxter, D. Patrick, Jeffrey M. Raynor, Jean-Luc Jaffard, and David Renshaw. "Low-cost optical polarization sensor." In Electronic Imaging 2007. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.700502.

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Omaña, Martin, Daniele Rossi, Nicolò Bosio, and Cecilia Metra. "Novel low-cost aging sensor." In the 7th ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1787275.1787299.

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Bergmann, Neil W., Matthew Wallace, and Edoardo Calia. "Low cost prototyping system for sensor networks." In 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issnip.2010.5706802.

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Marimon, Maricris C., Erick Ignacio T. Villegas, Martin John H. Borja, Gregory L. Tangonan, and Nathaniel Joseph C. Libatique. "Low cost sensor system for wave monitoring." In 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issnip.2011.6146584.

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Franco, Zulay, Felix Sotelo, Sara Gomez-de Pedro, Jose A. Altabas, Mar Puyol, David Izquierdo, Julian Alonso, and Ignacio Garces. "Nanosecond fluorescence lifetime low-cost sensor." In 2014 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2014.6984925.

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Reports on the topic "COTS and low-cost sensor"

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Armijo, Kenneth Miguel, and Julius Yellowhair. Low-Cost Spectral Sensor Development Description. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164250.

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Schwarze, Craig. Low Cost Grating Based Laser Sensor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362289.

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Hardy, J. E. Zero-Net Power, Low-Cost Sensor Platform. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861733.

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Slad, George, and Bion Merchant. Evaluation of Low Cost Infrasound Sensor Packages. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1829264.

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Schwarze, Craig. Low Cost Grating Based Laser Sensor. Phase 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362296.

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Farruggia, Guy J. A Multi-Use Low-Cost, Integrated, Conductivity/Temperature Sensor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627722.

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Killough, Stephen, Mohammed Olama, Pooran Joshi, Christopher Winstead, Steve Fulton, Dave English, and Christopher Ray. Low-Cost Multi-Modal Wireless Sensor Platform for Smart Buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494003.

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Kostov, Yordan, Govind Rao, and Upal Ghosh. Miniature and Low-cost Wireless Sensor Platform for Environmental Monitoring. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495659.

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Oden, Charles P. Low-Cost Ultra-Wideband EM Sensor for UXO Detection and Classification. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579916.

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Tibbetts, Jake. Regressing Nuclear Reactor Power Level Using Low-Cost Sensor Network Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1782779.

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