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KONONOV, Anton. "Multipurpose silicon detector for (polarized) internal target experiments at the COSY Storage Ring in Jülich." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488096.
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Gli esperimenti con bersagli polarizzati e fasci di protoni polarizzati offrono una grande opportunita` per lo studio di un numero importante di osserv- abili fisiche fondamentali. Nell’ambito di questa tesi sono presi in consider- azione esperimenti in programma presso l’anello di accumulazione COoler SYnchrotron (COSY) del Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich (FZJ).
La collaborazione PAX (Polarized Antiproton eXperiment) pianifica di re- alizzare esperimenti di produzione Drell-Yan in collisioni protone-antiprotone, entrambi polarizzati, nella struttura Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) di Darmstadt. Questo tipo di processo permette un accesso diretto alla struttura di spin trasverso del nucleone. Finora non `e stato possibile
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produrre fasci di antiprotoni con una polarizzazione accettabile. E obiettivo
della collaborazione PAX sviluppare un metodo efficiente per polarizzare an- tiprotoni in un anello di accumulazione. La collaborazione ha svolto con suc- cesso un test di “spin-filtering” con protoni a COSY, usando un bersaglio di idrogeno polarizzato trasversalmente. Questo ha portato a determinare la sezione d’urto spin-dipendente di “build-up” ella polarizzazione trasversa, provando che lo “spin filtering” `e un metodo valido per polarizzare un fascio in un anello di accumulazione.
PAX intende utilizzare il setup sperimentale unico offerto da COSY per applicare questo metodo alla polarizzazione longitudinale. In preparazione a tale test, `e stato costruito un nuovo rivelatore mediante una collaborazione tra l’Universita` di Ferrara, l’INFN di Ferrara ed il Forschungszentrum Juelich. Il nuovo rivelatore sar`a utilizzato sia per l’esperimeto di “spin-filtering” lon- gitudinale a COSY, sia per i futuri esperimenti con antiprotoni.
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E inoltre previsto l’utilizzo del nuovo rivelatore PAX per l’esecuzione di
un’interazione di violazione dell’invarianza temporale (TIVOLI). Ora `e ben chiaro che la violazione dell’inversione del tempo (T-V), come l’equivalente violazione delle simmetrie combinate di carica (C) e parit`a (P) (CP-V), `e un ingrediente necessario per affrontare il mistero della l’asimmetria materia- antimateria del nostro Universo - uno dei piu` grandi problemi irrisolti nella
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fisica e nella cosmologia contemporanea. E ampiamente accettato che una
soluzione di questo rompicapo comporter`a nuova fisica oltre il Modello Stan- dard (SM) della fisica delle particelle elementari (BSM).
L’esperimento TIVOLI dovrebbe limitare o addirittura scoprire la fisica BSM indagando Le violazioni della simmetria a T sono complementari alle ricerche di Momenti di Dipolo Elettrico (EDM). Gli obiettivi sono (i) una ricerca di T-V diretta attraverso una precisa misurazione di diffusione elastica protone-deutone a doppia polarizzazione, sfruttando lo spin delle particelle come ”manopola per l’inversione del tempo”, e (ii) lo sviluppo di una sol- ida base teorica per l’interpretazione delle interazioni T-V, in particolare i risultati sperimentali di TIVOLI. L’ambiente sperimentale unico offerto dal sincrotrone piu` freddo (COSY) anello di stoccaggio presso il Forschungszen- trum Ju ̈lich promette
Questa tesi si concentra sul lavoro svolto per la costruzione e la messa in funzione di questo nuovo rivelatore, che consiste in quattro quadranti identici disposti in una configurazione a diamante. Ognuno di questi quadranti `e for- mato da tre strati di sensori a strisce di silicio fronte-retro, che costituiscono una struttura a telescopio. I sensori dei primi due strati sono spessi 300μm, quello del terzo 1000μm.Experiments with polarized internal gas targets and polarized proton beams give a great opportunity to access a number of fundamental physics observ- ables. In the frame of this thesis I consider experiments performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY storage ring at Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich (FZJ). The PAX (Polarized Antiproton eXperiment) collaboration plans to carry out Drell-Yan production experiments in proton-antiproton collisions, both polarized, in the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) facility in Darmstadt. This type of process allows direct access to the transverse spin structure of the nucleon. Until now it has not been possible to produce antiproton beams with an acceptable polarization. The objective of the PAX collaboration is to develop an efficient method to polarize antiprotons in a storage ring. The collaboration successfully performed a spin-filtering test with COSY protons, using a transversely polarized hydrogen target. This led to the determination of the spin-dependent cross-section of ”build-up” of the transverse polarization, proving that ”spin filtering” is a valid method to polarize a beam in a storage ring. PAX intends to use the unique experimental setup offered by COSY to apply this method to longitudinal polarization. In preparation for this test, a new detector (PAX detector) has been built through a collaboration between the University of Ferrara, the INFN of Ferrara and the Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich. The new detector will be used both for the longitudinal spin-filtering experiment at COSY and for future experiments with antiprotons. There is also a plan to use the new PAX detector for performing a Time Invariance Violation Interactions (TIVOLI). Now it is well understood that time reversal violation (T-V), like the equivalent violation of the combined symmetries of charge (C) and parity (P) (CP-V), is a necessary ingredient for addressing the mystery of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of our Universe - one of the biggest unsolved problems in contemporary physics and cosmology. It is widely accepted that a solution of this puzzle will involve new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics (BSM). TIVOLI experiment should constrain or even discover BSM physics by investigating T-symmetry violations complementary to searches for Elec- tric Dipole Moments (EDM). The objectives are (i) a search for direct T-V through a precise measurement of double polarized proton-deuteron elastic scattering, exploiting the particle spin as a “time reversal knob”, and (ii) the development of a solid theoretical basis for the interpretation of T-V interactions, in particular the experimental findings of TIVOLI. The unique experimental environment offered by the cooler synchrotron (COSY) stor- age ring at Forschungszentrum Ju ̈lich promises to improve the present upper limit on T-V by one to two orders of magnitude, using COSY as a zero degree spectrometer and PAX detector. This thesis focuses on the work done for the construction and commis- sioning of the new PAX detector, which consists of four identical quadrants arranged in a diamond configuration. Each of these quadrants consists of three layers of double-sided silicon striped sensors, which form a telescope structure. The sensors of the first two layers are 300μm thick and the third layer is 1000μm thick. A first detector test, with two of the four quadrants installed opposite to each other, was successfully conducted at COSY using a beam of un- polarized protons and a target of vector-polarized deuterons. By operating the detector in the described configuration, an energy resolution 60 keV, was achieved for the first two layers of detectors. The spatial resolution is in the order of σ ≈ 200μm. The results of the test are illustrated in this thesis.
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Weidemann, Christian [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Ströher, and Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Jolie. "Preparations for the Spin-Filtering Experiments at COSY, Jülich / Christian Weidemann. Gutachter: Hans Ströher ; Jan Jolie." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1038168937/34.
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Boss, Sergio Luiz Bragatto [UNESP]. "Tradução comentada de artigos de Stephen Gray (1966-1736) e reprodução de experimentos históricos com materiais acessíveis: subsídios para o ensino de eletricidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102009.
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A literatura específica da área de Ensino de Ciências tem apresentado importantes discussões sobre dificuldades de aprendizagem e compreensão de conceitos científicos pelos alunos. Diante disso, já há algum tempo a História da Ciência tem sido defendida enquanto elemento que pode auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos conceitos científicos. Apesar do potencial educacional que é atribuído à História da Ciência e do esforço que tem sido feito para aproximá-la da educação científica, existem algumas barreiras que podem inviabilizar o sucesso desta aproximação impedindo que ela cumpra, efetivamente, o seu papel frente ao Ensino de Ciências. Dentre as barreiras que a literatura aponta, destacamos a falta de material histórico de qualidades e acessível a alunos e professores que possa subsidiar práticas metodológicas em sala de aula. No bojo dessa escassez está a falta de traduções de fontes primárias para o português. Tendo em vista tal contexto, este trabalho de doutorado tem como objetivo geral de fazer a tradução comentada dos dez artigos de Stephen Gray (1666-1736) relacionados à eletricidade. Dos dez textos traduzidos, nove foram publicados no periódico Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society e uma carta foi publicada por Chipman (1954). Como objetivo específico propomos elaborar um conjunto de elementos, os quais denominamos de recursos didáticos, que possam ampliar o acesso de professores e alunos ao conteúdo das traduções: comentários em forma de notas; figuras; experimentos históricos com material de baixo custo; breve biografia do autor do texto traduzido; linha do tempo do período em questão; introdução geral ao texto. Stephen Gray foi um importante, porém mencionado, pesquisador do início do Século XVIII. Seu trabalho trouxe importantes...
The specific literature related to Science Education has presented important discussion on the difficulties faced by students in the learning and understanging of scientific concepts. In this context, some time ago the History of Science has been advocated as an element that can facilitate the process of teaching scientific conceps. Despite the educational potential that is assigned to the History of Science and the effort that has been done to bring it closer to Science Education, there are some barriers that can hinder the sucess of this approach, preventing it to fulfill effectively its role with the teaching of science. Among the barriers pointed out by the literature, we emphasize the lack of historical material with quality and accessible to students and teachers that can subsidize methodological practices in the classroom. Among this shortage of historical material, there is a lack of Portuguese translations of primary sources. Given this context, the main goal of this PhD work is the translation into Portuguese of the ten articles of Stephen Gray (1666-1736) related to electricity. Of the ten translated texts, nine were published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society and a letter was published by Chipman (1954). The specific goal of this thesis is to prepare a set of elements, which we will call teaching resources, that can expand the accesss of the content of the translations to teachers and students: comments as notes; figures; historical experiments with law-cost material; brief biography of the author of the tranlated text; timeline of the period; and a general introduction to the text. Stephen Gray was an important, though rarely mentioned, researcher at the beginning of the Eighteenth Century. His work has brought important contributions to the field of electricity. Some of his... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Moffat, Hayden. "Cost effective functional response experiments via sequential design." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/209917/1/Hayden_Moffat_Thesis.pdf.
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Functional response experiments are commonly used to explore predator-prey systems, where we are interested in learning about the number of prey consumed per predator as a function of prey density. Currently, functional response experiments are designed in an ad-hoc manner and may require significant experimentation to learn about the underlying system. In this thesis, we developed statistically principled functional response designs to learn about the true mathematical model driving the predator-prey dynamics as quickly as possible. This can lead to functional response experiments with reduced monetary costs and less sacrificing of animals.
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Ullrich, Wolfgang. "Systematische Analyse des Reaktionskanals pp->ppω am COSY-TOF-Experiment." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-60633.
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In einer systematischen Analyse wird die Produktion von ω-Mesonen in Proton-Proton-Kollisionen pp → ppω untersucht. Die Messung der experimentellen Daten wurde mit dem Flugzeitspektrometer COSY-TOF am Forschungszentrum Jülich für vier verschiedene Überschussenergien (ε = 92, 128, 129 und 173 MeV, ε = √s − 2 · mp − mω) durchgeführt. In der Analyse werden Ereignisse, in denen das kurzlebige ω-Meson über den Hauptzerfallskanal ω → π+π−π0 in drei Pionen zerfällt, gegenüber denen anderer Reaktionskanäle angereichert. Die Reaktion pp → ppω wird anschließend anhand der Signale in den Spektren der Missing Mass, das ist die im Ausgangskanal neben der invarianten Masse des Proton-Proton-Systems fehlenden Masse, untersucht. Totale sowie differentielle Wirkungsquerschnitte werden in verschiedenen Bezugssystemen bestimmt, u. a. die Winkelverteilungen der Protonen und ω-Mesonen im Schwerpunktsystem, Verteilungen von Jackson- und Helizitätswinkeln sowie die Spektren der invarianten Massen. Darüber hinaus wird mit Hilfe der Bestimmung der Zerfallsebenen der ω-Mesonen die Polarisation der ω-Mesonen ermittelt. Im Dreiteilchenausgangszustand ppω werden Bahndrehimpulse l > 0 nur für die ω-Mesonen gefunden. Aus der Messung folgt, dass bei ε = 92, 128 und 129 MeV maßgeblich Endzustände mit Bahndrehimpulsen lω = 0 ħ und lω = 1 ħ sowie bei ε = 173 MeV zusätzlich solche mit lω = 2 ħ zum Reaktionsprozess beitragen. Weitere Informationen über die beteiligten Partialwellen werden aus der Messung der Polarisation der ω-Mesonen gewonnen. Direkte Hinweise auf Beiträge von Nukleonresonanzen zum Produktionsprozess werden in keiner der untersuchten Observablen gefunden. Ein Szenario, in dem ω-Mesonen ausschließlich über Nukleonresonanzen produziert werden, kann anhand der Winkelverteilungen von Protonen und ω-Mesonen ausgeschlossen werdenA systematic analysis of the production of ω mesons in proton-proton collisions pp → ppω is carried out. The experimental data were taken at Forschungszentrum Jülich with the COSY-TOF spectrometer at four different excess energies (ε = 92, 128, 129 and 173 MeV, ε = √s − 2 · mp − mω). In the analysis events with ω-mesons decaying via the main decay channel ω → π+π−π0 are enriched in relation to other reaction channels. Afterwards, the reaction pp → ppω is analysed based on the ω-signals in the spectra of the missing mass, i. e. the mass missing in the exit channel beside the proton-proton system. Total as well as differential cross sections are determined in different reference systems (angular distributions of ω-mesons and protons in CMS, distributions of Jackson and helicity angles, and invariant mass spectra). In addition the polarisation of the ω-mesons is determined. In the three particle exit channel ppω angular momenta l > 0 are seen only for ω-mesons. It is found that final states with angular momenta lω = 0 ħ and lω = 1 ħ contribute at excess energies ε = 92, 128 and 129 MeV. In addition states with lω = 2 ħ are seen at ε = 173MeV. Further informations on partial waves follows for the polarisation of the ω-meson. No observable shows direct signs of resonant contributions to the production process. In contrast, using the informations from the angular distributions of ω-mesons and protons a scenario with the exclusive production of ω-mesons through N* resonances can be excluded
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Marioni, John Carlo. "Statistical methods for array CGH and copy number variation experiments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611877.
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Grant, Benjamin P. "Density as a cost driver in Naval submarine design and procurement." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483764.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Nussbaum, Daniel A. ; San Miguel, Joseph G. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 22, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76). Also available in print.
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Bowen, Kevin Andrew. "Optional budget mechanisms with verifiable cost signals an experiment /." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37008.
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Belhadj, Tami A. "Computer aided architectural evaluation and design : a cost modelling experiment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1798/.
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This dissertation addresses the problem of Computer Aided Architectural Evaluation and Design, with particular reference to building cost evaluation and cost modelling. It identifies the lack of building evaluation tools in the CAAD environment, and suggests an integrated approach to building modelling and cost modelling. The interaction of elemental and spatial descriptions of a design solution is considered as an original contribution to the field of computer aided building modelling and evaluation. It demonstrates the potential of CAAD and Bills of Quantities intergration to give an extra dimension to cost modelling at early design stages. Essentially, this research project advocates a larger overlap in the use of computers for the generation and evaluation of design. It asserts that any computer aided solution evaluation system must be able to converse with the designer during the highly integrated iteration of briefing, analysis, synthesis and evaluation stages of design. A working example is produced after software specification and implementation, to demonstrate to possibilities and/or limitations of such an approach.
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Nudds, Robert Lindan. "The energetic cost of 'trivial' flight in birds : experiments with Zebra Finches." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298409.
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Perera, Shelan. "Efficient and Cost-effective Workflow Based on Containers for Distributed Reproducible Experiments." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194209.
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Reproducing distributed experiments is a challenging task for many researchers. There are many factors which make this problem harder to solve. In order to reproduce distributed experiments, researchers need to perform complex deployments which involve many dependent software stacks with many configurations and manual orchestrations. Further, researchers need to allocate a larger amount of money for clusters of machines and then spend their valuable time to perform those experiments. Also, some of the researchers spend a lot of time to validate a distributed scenario in a real environment as most of the pseudo distributed systems do not provide the characteristics of a real distributed system. Karamel provides solutions for the inconvenience caused by the manual orchestration by providing a comprehensive orchestration platform to deploy and run distributed experiments. But still, this solution may incur a similar amount of expenses as of a manual distributed setup since it uses virtual machines underneath. Further, it does not provide quick validations of a distributed setup with a quick feedback loop, as it takes considerable time to terminate and provision new virtual machines. Therefore, we provide a solution by integrating Docker that can co-exists with virtual machine based deployment model seamlessly. Our solution encapsulates the container-based deployment model for users to reproduce distributed experiment in a cost-effective and efficient manner. In this project, we introduce novel deployment model with containers that is not possible with the conventional virtual machine based deployment model. Further, we evaluate our solution with a real deployment of Apache Hadoop Terasort experiment which is a benchmark for Apache Hadoop map-reduce platform in order to explain how this model can be used to save the cost and improve the efficiency.
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Nascimento, Adriano Mamedes Silva. "Utilização de experimentos de baixo custo e de simulações computacionais no ensino de física em escolas públicas." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/382.
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Este trabalho de dissertação, do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências Naturais (PPGECN) promovido pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), utiliza montagens experimentais com materiais de baixo custo e simulações de computador para auxiliar na compreensão de conceitos de Física pelo aprendiz. Essa metodologia foi aplicada no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia - IFRO/campus Jiparaná, com os alunos dos cursos de Informática e Química integrados ao ensino médio, minicurso de capacitação para os professores de Ciências Naturais da E.E.E.F.M Aluizio Ferreira, Ji-paraná/RO e apresentação dos mecanismos de manuseio do software e os protótipos para os professores de Física do IFRO. Trata de conciliar a prática educativa com as confecções de protótipos e seus respectivos simuladores no software PhET (Physics Education Technology). A execução da atividade em sala de aula se deu por meio da divisão em grupos das turmas. Cada grupo registrou todo o processo de montagem dos protótipos em um relatório, comentando suas experiências de trabalho em grupo e os novos conceitos encontrados ao explorar o experimento e o simulador. No minicurso com os professores, foram apresentados todos os experimentos confeccionados e tutoriais dos simuladores e dos protótipos e suas respectivas simulações, propondo a eles um plano de execução. Essa proposta traz vantagens aos professores que utilizam as simulações nas aulas de Física. A utilização equilibrada dos recursos experimentais e computacionais fornece um apoio ao professor em suas demonstrações de conceitos relacionados ao assunto em questão, que podem ser de difícil visualização para os alunos.
This dissertation work, of the Program Postgraduate in Teaching of Natural Sciences (PPGECN) held by the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), uses experimental apparatus with low cost materials and computer simulations to aid in the understanding of physics concepts by the student. This methodology was applied at Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia - IFRO / Campus Ji-paraná, with students of the technical course of Informatics and Chemistry and in a training course for Natural Sciences teachers of EEEFM Aluizio Ferreira, Ji-Paraná/RO and presentation mechanisms for handling software and prototypes for teachers of Physics IFRO. This work aimed to reconcile educational practice with the development of prototypes and their software simulators in PhET (Physics Education Technology). The execution of the activity in the classroom was given by dividing the class into groups. Each group made a register of the assembly process of the prototypes in a report commenting on their experiences of working in groups and the new concepts encountered exploring the experiment and the simulator. All the prepared experiments, tutorials simulators, prototypes and their respective simulations were presented, proposing an implementation plan at a short course made with teachers. This proposal brings benefits to teachers that can use simulations in physics classes. The utilization of experimental and computational resources aid the teacher to explain concepts that otherwise could be difficult for students to understand.
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Dharanikota, Sai Mahesh. "Experimental Test and Cost Analysis of Residential Solar Water Heaters." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1236123539.
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Long, Leroy L. III. "An Experiment in Human Locomotion: Energetic Cost and Energy-Optimal Gait Choice." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313584497.
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Dong, Raymond Patrick. "Energetics of Human Leg-swing: Various Cost Models, Optimal Motions, and Fits to Experiments." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291161175.
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Reilly, Kevin D. Healey Anthony J. "Experimental evaluation of a low cost acoustic communication system for AUVs /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA313850.
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Reilly, Kevin D. "Experimental evaluation of a low cost acoustic communication system for AUVs." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8368.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedAs the Navy has refocused its goals towards littoral warfare, mine countermeasures have become an area of special interest. The Naval Postgraduate School is developing an autonomous underwater vehicle to map shallow water minefields--a vital role in the Navy's overall plan for mine countermeasures. A key feature of the vehicle is its low cost, and to this end it uses a commercially available system called 'DiveTracker' for precise acoustic navigation and communication. This research experimentally evaluated the reliability of the DiveTracker communication system in conditions approximating those for which the vehicle is designed. It was concluded that highly reliable communication of short commands will be restricted to relatively short separation distances between nodes. The very shallow water acoustic channel is highly variant in both signal attenuation and background noise levels. The maximum range is limited by the background noise while the probability of correct message reception depends on the received signal to noise ratio. Initial data indicates that the low cost unit under development cannot communicate beyond 500 meters with a probability of a single roundtrip success greater than 34 percent. Several options are available for its improvement.
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Basak, Chandramallika. "Capacity limits of the focus of attention and dynamics of the focus switch cost in the working memory." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Alcocer, Bonifaz Joaquin. "Design of High Performance Flanges and its Influence on Manufacturing Costs, Structural Performance and Weight." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-248024.
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This project attempts to research the manufacturing cost, with an emphasis on machining, of high performance flanges for Turbine Rear Structure (TRS) applications, as well as the tradeoffs with structural performance and weight. A combination of traditional cost modelling techniques from the literature, as well as, the non-conventional manufacturing complexity index, as cost indicator are implemented. A multidisciplinary study is carried out with the aid of ANSYS Workbench in the form of computer simulated experiments to investigate tradeoffs in flanges. It is concluded that multidisciplinary studies of cost, performance and weight lacked model robustness to draw sound conclusions about flange design. However, the manufacturing complexity index after partial validation with experienced engineers shows promising results, and could be a way forward to estimate final machining operation cost for flanges in the future.Syftet för detta projekt är att undersöka tillverkningskostnaden, med tonvikt på bearbetning av högpresterande flänsar för turbinapplikationer (TRS), samt dess relation till strukturella prestanda och vikt. Traditionella kostnadsmodelleringstekniker kombineras med det ickekonventionella tillverkningskomplexitetsindexet och används som kostnadsindikator. En tvärvetenskaplig studie genomförs med hjälp av ANSYS Workbench i form av dator simulerade experiment för att undersöka flänsavvägningar. En slutsats av studien är att multidisciplinära modeller av kostnad, prestanda och vikt saknade robusthet för att kunna dra djupgående slutsatser om prestandan för en flänsdesign. Tillverkningskomplexitetsindexet visar dock, efter partiell validering med erfarna ingenjörer, lovande resultat och kan vara framgångsrikt ett sätt att uppskatta den slutliga bearbetningskostnaden för flänsar.
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Zink, Adrian [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Eyrich. "Ein neuartiger DIRC Demonstrationsdetektor für das WASA-at-COSY und das PANDA-Experiment / Adrian Zink. Gutachter: Wolfgang Eyrich." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065045336/34.
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Boss, Sergio Luiz Bragatto. "Tradução comentada de artigos de Stephen Gray (1966-1736) e reprodução de experimentos históricos com materiais acessíveis : subsídios para o ensino de eletricidade /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102009.
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Resumo: A literatura específica da área de Ensino de Ciências tem apresentado importantes discussões sobre dificuldades de aprendizagem e compreensão de conceitos científicos pelos alunos. Diante disso, já há algum tempo a História da Ciência tem sido defendida enquanto elemento que pode auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos conceitos científicos. Apesar do potencial educacional que é atribuído à História da Ciência e do esforço que tem sido feito para aproximá-la da educação científica, existem algumas barreiras que podem inviabilizar o sucesso desta aproximação impedindo que ela cumpra, efetivamente, o seu papel frente ao Ensino de Ciências. Dentre as barreiras que a literatura aponta, destacamos a falta de material histórico de qualidades e acessível a alunos e professores que possa subsidiar práticas metodológicas em sala de aula. No bojo dessa escassez está a falta de traduções de fontes primárias para o português. Tendo em vista tal contexto, este trabalho de doutorado tem como objetivo geral de fazer a tradução comentada dos dez artigos de Stephen Gray (1666-1736) relacionados à eletricidade. Dos dez textos traduzidos, nove foram publicados no periódico Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society e uma carta foi publicada por Chipman (1954). Como objetivo específico propomos elaborar um conjunto de elementos, os quais denominamos de recursos didáticos, que possam ampliar o acesso de professores e alunos ao conteúdo das traduções: comentários em forma de notas; figuras; experimentos históricos com material de baixo custo; breve biografia do autor do texto traduzido; linha do tempo do período em questão; introdução geral ao texto. Stephen Gray foi um importante, porém mencionado, pesquisador do início do Século XVIII. Seu trabalho trouxe importantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The specific literature related to Science Education has presented important discussion on the difficulties faced by students in the learning and understanging of scientific concepts. In this context, some time ago the History of Science has been advocated as an element that can facilitate the process of teaching scientific conceps. Despite the educational potential that is assigned to the History of Science and the effort that has been done to bring it closer to Science Education, there are some barriers that can hinder the sucess of this approach, preventing it to fulfill effectively its role with the teaching of science. Among the barriers pointed out by the literature, we emphasize the lack of historical material with quality and accessible to students and teachers that can subsidize methodological practices in the classroom. Among this shortage of historical material, there is a lack of Portuguese translations of primary sources. Given this context, the main goal of this PhD work is the translation into Portuguese of the ten articles of Stephen Gray (1666-1736) related to electricity. Of the ten translated texts, nine were published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society and a letter was published by Chipman (1954). The specific goal of this thesis is to prepare a set of elements, which we will call teaching resources, that can expand the accesss of the content of the translations to teachers and students: comments as notes; figures; historical experiments with law-cost material; brief biography of the author of the tranlated text; timeline of the period; and a general introduction to the text. Stephen Gray was an important, though rarely mentioned, researcher at the beginning of the Eighteenth Century. His work has brought important contributions to the field of electricity. Some of his... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: André Koch Torres de Assis
Coorientador: João José Caluzi
Banca: Marcos Cesar Danhoni Neves
Banca: Lizete Maria Orquiza de Carvalho
Banca: Shirley Takeco Gobara
Banca: Moacir Pereira de Souza Filho
Doutor
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Douglas, Michael Jay. "The impacts of the handoffs on software development : a cost estimation model." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001692.
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López, Muñoz Gerardo Arturo. "Simple and low cost nanostructured plasmonic biosensor for sensitive and multiplexed biodetection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665242.
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La creciente demanda de plataformas de análisis que sean fiables y, al mismo tiempo, fáciles de usar y compactas, que requieran un bajo consumo de muestras y proporcionen una alta sensibilidad y una respuesta en tiempo real, ha proporcionado una considerable innovación en el diseño de los biosensores. Entre todos ellos, aquellos basados en fenómenos de resonancia de plasmón superficial (SPR) han sido objeto de un gran interés científico en las últimas décadas porque aportan una alta sensibilidad y simplicidad en los esquemas de detección. Con el avance en las técnicas de nanofabricación, el desarrollo de sensores ópticos basados en nanoestructuras plasmónicas ha representado una excelente vía para su integración en dispositivos Lab-on-a-chip con un reducido tamaño, con la capacidad de resolver algunos de los retos actuales relacionados con los tiempos de análisis, el volumen de muestra requerido y la viabilidad de detectar varios analitos a la vez de forma multiplexada.
Con el propósito de ofrecer herramientas biosensoras simples y de bajo costo, la presente Tesis Doctoral presenta el desarrollo de biosensores nanoplasmónicos integrados en plataformas Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) para la biodetección multiplexada de diferentes analitos en tiempo real. El sensor desarrollado se basa en el empleo de soportes comerciales de discos Blu-Ray como un sustrato que contiene nano-rejillas para general el fenómeno de resonancia de plasmón al recubrirlos con diferentes capas metálicas a escala nanométrica. Los nanobiosensores desarrollados constituyen una alternativa muy prometedora que podrían sustituir a las técnicas de análisis convencionales, simplificando los procesos y superando los principales retos actuales relacionados con la sensibilidad, el coste y el tiempo requerido para el diagnóstico clínico.The increasing demand for analytical platforms that are reliable and, at the same time, easy to use and compact, that require low sample consumption and provide high sensitivity and real-time response, have provided considerable innovation in the design of the biosensors. Among all of them, those based on surface plasmon resonance phenomena (SPR) have been the subject of great scientific interest in recent decades because they provide high sensitivity and simplicity in the detection schemes. With the advance in nanofabrication techniques, the development of optical sensors based on plasmonic nanostructures has represented an excellent way to integrate them into Lab-on-a-chip devices with a small size, with the ability to solve some of the current challenges related to the analysis times, the volume of sample required and the feasibility of detecting several analytes at the same time multiplexed. With the purpose of offering simple and inexpensive biosensing tools, this Doctoral Thesis presents the development of nanoplasmonic biosensors integrated in Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) platforms for the multiplexed biosensing of different analytes in real time. The developed sensor is based on the use of commercial Blu-Ray discs as a substrate containing nano-slits to generate the plasmon resonance phenomena by coating them with different metallic layers on a nanometric scale. The developed nanobiosensors are a very promising alternative that could replace conventional analysis techniques, simplifying processes and overcoming the main current challenges related to sensitivity, cost and time required for clinical diagnosis.
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Regier, Dean A. "Discrete choice experiments informing cost benefit analysis: a Bayesian approach with an application to genetic testing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493481.
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Whilst discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are now widely used in health economics, their application within cost benefit framework has been limited. Studies that have conducted cost benefit analysis (CBA) using DCEs have not taken into account the joint uncertainty surrounding the outcomes using decision analytic methods and a Bayesian approach to statistical inference and estimation.
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Liang, Li. "Graphical Tools, Incorporating Cost and Optimizing Central Composite Designs for Split-Plot Response Surface Methodology Experiments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26768.
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In many industrial experiments, completely randomized designs (CRDs) are impractical due to restrictions on randomization, or the existence of one or more hard-to-change factors. Under these situations, split-plot experiments are more realistic. The two separate randomizations in split-plot experiments lead to different error structure from in CRDs, and hence this affects not only response modeling but also the choice of design. In this dissertation, two graphical tools, three-dimensional variance dispersion graphs (3-D VDGs) and fractions of design space (FDS) plots are adapted for split-plot designs (SPDs). They are used for examining and comparing different variations of central composite designs (CCDs) with standard, V- and G-optimal factorial levels. The graphical tools are shown to be informative for evaluating and developing strategies for improving the prediction performance of SPDs. The overall cost of a SPD involves two types of experiment units, and often each individual whole plot is more expensive than individual subplot and measurement. Therefore, considering only the total number of observations is likely not the best way to reflect the cost of split-plot experiments. In this dissertation, cost formulation involving the weighted sum of the number of whole plots and the total number of observations is discussed and the three cost adjusted optimality criteria are proposed. The effects of considering different cost scenarios on the choice of design are shown in two examples. Often in practice it is difficult for the experimenter to select only one aspect to find the optimal design. A realistic strategy is to select a design with good balance for multiple estimation and prediction criteria. Variations of the CCDs with the best cost-adjusted performance for estimation and prediction are studied for the combination of D-, G- and V-optimality criteria and each individual criterion.Ph. D.
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Neto, Iran Eduardo Lima. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação experimental de ejetores de baixo custo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-09112015-093211/.
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Os ejetores são dispositivos largamente utilizados nos mais diversos ramos da engenharia. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Hidráulica da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos - USP, com o propósito de avaliar experimental e teoricamente o desempenho de ejetores de baixo custo, projetados e construídos em conexões do tipo \"tê\" de PVC, onde água foi utilizada tanto como fluido prmário como secundário. Os ensaios foram realizados com ejetores de diâmetros nominais de 25 mm e de 32 mm com relações de áreas de 0,25; 0,35 e 0,53. Foi utilizado também, para cada diâmetro, um ejetor mais compacto e sem câmara de mistura, com a relação de áreas de valor intermediário. Os ejetores comuns apresentaram rendimentos mais elevados do que os compactos, sendo o máximo de 30,52% alcançado com o ejetor de 25 mm e relação de áreas de 0,35. Os coeficientes de perda de carga em cada componente dos ejetores foram ajustados através de um modelo unidimensional. O fenômeno da cavitação também foi analisado. Os resultados mostraram que os ejetores de baixo custo apresentam funcionamento similar ao dos ejetores convencionais.The ejectors are devices widely used in the most several branches of the engineering. This work was developed at the Laboratory of Hydraulics of the School of Engineering of São Carlos - SP, with the purpose of evaluating experimentally and theoretically the acting of low cost ejectors, projected and built in connections of the type \"tee\" of PVC, where water was used as much primary fluid as secondary. The experiments were accomplished with ejectors of nominal diameters of 25 mm and of 32 mm with area ratio of 0,25; 0,35 and 0,53. It was also used, for each diameter, a more compact ejector and without mixing chamber, with the area ratio of intermediate value. The common ejectors presented higher efficiencies than the compact ones, being the maximum of 30,52% reached with the ejector of 25 mm and area ratio of 0,35. The coefficients of head loss in each component of the ejectors were adjusted through one-dimensional model. The phenomenon of the cavitation was also analyzed. The results showed that the low cost ejectors present similar operation to the conventional ejectors.
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Dillon, Krystal Renee. "A simulation-optimization method for economic efficient design of net zero energy buildings." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51909.
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Buildings have a significant impact on energy usage and the environment. Much of the research in architectural sustainability has centered on economically advanced countries because they consume the most energy and have the most resources. However, sustainable architecture is important in developing countries, where the energy consumption of the building sector is increasing significantly. Currently, developing countries struggle with vaccine storage because vaccines are typically warehoused in old buildings that are poorly designed and wasteful of energy. This thesis created and studied a decision support tool that can be used to aid in the design of economically feasible Net Zero Energy vaccine warehouses for the developing world. The decision support tool used a simulation-optimization approach to combine an optimization technique with two simulation softwares in order to determine the cost-optimal design solution. To test its effectiveness, a new national vaccine storage facility located in Tunis, Tunisia was used. Nine building parameters were investigated to see which have the most significant effect on the annual energy usage and initial construction cost of the building. First, tests were conducted for two construction techniques, five different climates in the developing world, and three photovoltaic system prices to gain insight on the design space of the optimal solution. The results showed the difference between an economically efficient and economically inefficient Net Zero Energy building and the results were used to provide generalized climatic recommendations for all the building parameters studied. The final test showed the benefits of combining two optimization techniques, a design of experiments and a genetic algorithm, to form a two-step process to aid in the building design in the early stages and final stages of the design process. The proposed decision support tool can efficiently and effectively aid in the design of an economically feasible Net Zero Energy vaccine warehouse for the developing world.
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Rivera, Brugués Núria. "Identification and characterization of disease-related copy number variations (CNVs) by high-dense SNP oligonucleotide microarrays." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81745.
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Genomic microarray analysis is rapidly replacing conventional chromosome analysis by molecular karyotyping due to the significant increase in the power to detect causative CNVs. Here, we extensively validated the HumanHap550 and Human610-Quadv1_B Illumina platforms for potential diagnostic application by using patients with undiagnosed intellectual disability (ID). The first and foremost goal of our application study was to use these arrays for reliable genome wide detection of rare CNVs in patients of three different cohorts: 1) patients with unexplained intellectual disability 2) patients with unknown diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) and 3) a family with a distinctive diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS).
We showed that SNP-based arrays allow the detection of intragenic deletions and duplications. The identification of a disease-CNV affecting only a single gene allowed us to consider that particular gene as a candidate for intellectual disability. This was the case for three unrelated patients with moderate intellectual disability, global developmental delay, and severe speech and language disorders in which a de novo deletion encompassing solely the FOXP1 gene was detected. To prove further the causality of the FOXP1 deletion following-up investigations were based on a screening of the entire coding region of FOXP1 for nucleotide changes in a panel of 883 probands with intellectual disability. Eight non-synonymous coding changes, three synonymous and nine non-coding variants were identified.
In addition to the de novo cases of ID, also patients suffering from an autosomal recessive form of ID were found in our cohort. We detected three partial heterozygous deletions of the COH1 gene at locus 8q22 which is mutated in Cohen syndrome. After sequencing the entire coding region and the exon/intron boundaries of COH1 we identified a stop mutation, a frameshift and two missense mutations in the remaining allele, respectively. Therefore, three compound heterozygous mutations were identified in the COH1 gene, thus providing a distinctive Cohen Syndrome diagnose to three unrelated patients of our ID cohort.
We studied the genetic basis of a rare human autosomal disorder such as diffuse Congenital Hyperinsulinsm (CHI) in a cohort of 40 patients with inconspicuous mutation screening of ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes.
Chromosomal abnormalities detected by SNP oligonucleotide arrays accounted for 20% of the studied cases. The most interesting rearrangement was a 970kb deletion at the chromosomal band 1p31.1 which was found to encompass the PTGER3 and ZRANB2 genes and the last exon of the NEGR1 gene. We hypothesized that the haploinsufficiency of PTGER3 gene induces a 50% reduction of the stimulation by PGE2, thus diminishing the inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and resulting in elevated insulin secretion. The screening for point mutations in the candidate gene PTGER3 did not reveal any pathogenic variant neither in the second allele of the patient in which a de novo deletion was detected nor in a cohort of 39 unrelated patients with unexplained CHI. Instead we identified a novel polymorphic variant which was also detected in 18 individuals of our control cohort.
CNV analysis in a family with both atypical Holt-Oram syndrome and additional mammary glands was performed allowing the detection of a contiguous heterozygous duplication at the chromosomal band 12q24.21. The maximal duplication size could be estimated as aproximately 345,6kb including the whole coding region of the TBX5 and TBX3 genes. Gene dosage assessment at specific genetic loci demonstrated the cosegregation of the duplication and the Holt-Oram syndrome/supernumerary mammary glands phenotype in this pedigree, this being a strong indicator of its pathogenecity. Up to date, this is the first report of a heterozygous duplication encompassing both TBX5 and TBX3 genes, and consequently the first report of a combined phenotype of Holt-Oram syndrome and supernumerary mammary glands.
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Perm-Ajchariyawong, Nidthida Strategy & Entrepreneurship Australian School of Business UNSW. "Do managers look beyond cost when making outsourcing decisions? The role of innovation benefits and value appropriation." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Strategy & Entrepreneurship, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42116.
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The question of whether outsourcing is a good or bad organizational practice has traditionally come down to whether the positive financial impact of outsourcing overcomes the potential organizational liabilities. The theoretical model proposed in this thesis argues that such thinking underestimates the positive organizational benefits that arise from outsourcing by giving inadequate consideration to impacts that outsourcing has on the innovation cycle of outsourcing providers. This research adds to our understanding of outsourcing decision-making in three important ways. First, the thesis presents how innovation benefits can arise from outsourcing and proposes four potential innovation benefits from outsourcing the motivation for creativity, innovation scale, innovation scope and complementarity of capability. The central hypotheses argue that these beneficial factors should increase the likelihood of a decision to outsource an activity. Second, this research extends our understanding of outsourcing by examining the moderating effect of value appropriation on the decision to outsource. Third, the thesis provides a rigorous empirical utility theoretical approach best-worst scaling and discrete choice modeling to understanding managerial preferences and the components of outsourcing decision making. The findings reveal that a significant segment of managers do indeed look beyond cost in choosing to outsource, focusing instead to concentrate broadly on a suppliers commitment to innovation, complementarity of capabilities and the ability of an outsourcing contract to appropriate value created in a relationship. This implies that the managerial application of outsourcing is not restricted to a short-term solution for cost savings, but can potentially be thought of, and used as, a strategic mechanism to drive innovation in organizations. Some benefits may not be immediately obvious (e.g., a suppliers motivation for innovation) and require more awareness from managers. Together, the theory and empirics provide insight into outsourcing decision-making and the opportunities for extending outsourcing as a strategic mechanism to drive innovation more broadly.
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Farenzena, Daniel Scain. "The cost of search and evaluation in problem-solving social networks : an experimental study." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148280.
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Online networks of individuals have been used to solve a number of problems in a scale that would not be possible if not within a connected, virtual and social environment such as the internet. However, the quality of solutions provided by individuals of an online network can vary significantly thus making work quality unreliable. This dissertation investigates factors that can influence the quality of the work output of individuals in online social networks. Specifically, we show that when solving tasks with small duration (under 5 minutes), also known as microtasks, individuals decision making will be strongly biased by costs of searching (and evaluating) options rather than financial or non-financial incentives. Indeed, we are able to show that we can influence individuals decisions, when solving problems, by rearranging elements visually to modify an the search sequence of an individual, be it by designing the virtual work environment or manipulating which options are first shown in non-controlled environments such as the Amazon Mechanical Turk labor market. We performed several experiments in online networks where individuals are invited to work on tasks with varying degrees of difficulty within three settings: mathematical games with objective truth (Sudoku and SAT instances), surveys with subjective evaluation (public policy polling) and labor markets (Amazon Mechanical Turk). We show that the time spent solving problems and the user interface are more relevant to the quality of work output than previous research have assumed and that individuals do not change this behavior while solving the sets of problems. Finally, to complement our study of online problem-solving, we present additional experiments in an online labor market (Amazon Mechanical Turk) that agrees with our networked experiments, shedding new light on how and why people solve problems.
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Ruflin, Justin 1981. "Analytical techniques of quality and cost : robust design, design of experiments, and the prediction of mean shift." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32782.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 50).
The quality of a product to a large extent determines the success of that product in competitive markets. Measuring and improving quality is thus a primary objective of the designer. The aim of the following work is to provide an introduction to the methods of quality optimization and to illustrate these techniques through examples. Quality is first defined and quantified. The robust design method, which is a technique that focuses on improving quality without adding cost, is then described. Particular attention is paid to experiment design, which is a major factor in the effectiveness and efficiency of the robust design process. The effect of product variability on the mean performance of a product is also explained along with the various ways that can be used to predict a shift in the mean value of the performance. Two examples are then developed. The first focuses on the application of the robust design method to illustrate the steps of the process. The second example primarily focuses on creating a comparison of the Monte Carlo, Latin Hypercube, and star pattern sampling methods on predicting mean shift. The benefits of the star pattern sampling method are apparent through the example. The error in the prediction of mean shift of the star pattern is less than 1%, and the execution time was less than one fifth the times of the Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube methods.
by Justin Ruflin.
S.B.
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Comalada, i. Clara Salvador. "Reducció dels torcements de corbes el·líptiques sobre cossos de nombres." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3105.
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Kelly, Benjamin. "Sunk cost accounting and entrapment in corporate acquisitions and financial markets : an experimental analysis." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/427.
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Vogt, Christian. "An experimental cost model for composite parts using vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6579.
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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) belongs to the category of resin infusion techniques that use lower than atmospheric pressure to infiltrate a reinforced cavity. This technique has various advantages; however, manufacturing costs can be relatively high due to more difficult shapes fabricated and a lack of knowledge regarding cost driving factors. The objective of this study was to develop a cost model for composite parts. Such a model allows the estimation of manufacturing costs of shapes of different geometries. Therefore, it provides a comparison to alternative manufacturing techniques, such as metal forming or composite spray lay-up and helps to avoid unnecessarily expensive design features. The proposal was made to split complex shaped composite parts into individual basic shapes, which are further investigated here. For the basic shapes, an experimental approach was used where the manufacturing times of each process step are measured and then statistically analysed. Infusion simulation software was used to obtain additional filling times to complete the design of experiments. This method allows the estimation of manufacturing times of composite parts with different geometries. The manufacturing times were validated to that of a complex shaped industrial part, with reasonable results. Finally, a flexible cost model was developed to compare different manufacturing techniques and to estimate the manufacturing costs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vakuumgesteunde harsinspuitingsgietwerk (VARTM) behoort tot die kategorie harsinspuitingstegnieke wat laer-as-atmosferiese druk gebruik om ʼn versterkte holte binne te dring. Hierdie tegniek hou verskeie voordele in. Tog kan vervaardigingskoste betreklik hoog wees wanneer dit by ingewikkelder vorms en ʼn gebrek aan kennis met betrekking tot kostesnellers kom. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om ʼn kostemodel vir saamgestelde onderdele te ontwikkel. Die model maak voorsiening vir die raming van die vervaardigingskoste vir verskillende afmetings. Sodoende bied dit ʼn vergelyking met alternatiewe tegnieke, en help voorkom onnodig duur ontwerpkenmerke. Daar is voorgestel dat dele met ingewikkelde vorms in individuele basiese vorms verdeel word, wat dan hier verder ondersoek word. Vir die basiese vorms word ʼn eksperimentele benadering gebruik waar die vervaardigingstye in elke prosesstap gemeet en statisties ontleed word. Voorts word inspuitingsimulasiesagteware gebruik om komplementêre inspuitingstye te bepaal ten einde die eksperimentele ontwerp te voltooi. Hierdie metode maak dit ook moontlik om die vervaardigingstye vir saamgestelde materiaal onderdele van verskillende afmetings te raam. Die vervaardigingstye word dan bevestig aan die hand van dié van ʼn kompleks gevormde industriële onderdeel, met redelike resultate. Uiteindelik word ʼn buigsame kostemodel ontwikkel om verskillende vervaardigingstegnieke te vergelyk en die vervaardigingskoste te raam.
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Rusch, Olivia. "A low-cost, low-intensity contingency management smoking cessation programme with students: Experimental evidence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29362.
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Tobacco consumption is a pressing global issue, leading to more than five million deaths each year. In South Africa, the smoking prevalence rate is stubbornly high, implying that a successful smoking cessation programme could have large social benefits, particularly if it targets young smokers. Contingency management interventions, which provide cash transfers conditional on biochemically-verified abstinence, have been effective in bringing about increased smoking cessation rates. However, contingency management programmes are typically very costly and involve frequent monitoring. This dissertation presents results of randomised controlled trial evaluating a low-cost, low-intensity contingency management smoking cessation programme conducted on a sample of treatment-seeking student smokers at the University of Cape Town in 2017. There is a statistically significant treatment effect, that is robust across multiple specifications, which increases the likelihood of abstinence by 13- 20%. In addition, the programme as a whole decreased the smoking intensity of non-abstainers. This study suggests, therefore, that a low-cost, low-intensity contingency management smoking cessation programme is efficacious in promoting abstinence amongst treatment-seeking students, and that it should be added to the tobacco control toolkit in South Africa.
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Gabriel, Elizabeth Ann. "Market competition and the incentive to invet in product cost information: an experimental investigation." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1279137319.
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Gabriel, Elizabeth Ann. "Market competition and the incentive to invest in product cost information: An experimental investigation /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487844948077241.
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Ramirez, Priego Patricia. "Low-cost point-of-care biosensor device for clinical diagnosis in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671902.
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Actualment el diagnòstic de Tuberculosi (TB) es realitza en laboratoris centralitzats, emprant equips voluminosos, reactius complexos i personal capacitat, augmentant els costos i el temps per obtenir els resultats. Per aquesta raó, l’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és el desenvolupament d’una plataforma point-of-care (POC) capaç d’oferir una resposta ràpida i fiable en el diagnòstic de TB. Per dur a terme aquest objectiu, la plataforma POC integra un nou sensor fotònic incorporat en un cartutx de micofluídica d’un sol ús. El sensor fotònic consisteix en un conjunt de interferòmetres Mach-Zehnder que ofereixen una alta sensibilitat.
En primer lloc, es va dur a terme una caracterització òptica per estudiar el rendiment de la plataforma POC i la seva capacitat per a ser emprada en aplicacions biosensoras. Un cop caracteritzada òpticament, es van avaluar diferents estratègies de biofuncionalització per incorporar anticossos específics com a bioreceptors a la superfície del sensor. Després d’un estudi en profunditat, es va seleccionar i es va emprar l’estratègia de biofuncionalització òptima per l’anàlisi dels biomarcadors de TB. Els biomarcadors de TB es van avaluar tant en solució tampó com en mostres biològiques, particularment en orina humana. El biomarcador més prometedor i conegut de TB és el lipoarabinomanan (LAM), un component de la paret cel·lular bacteriana. En concret, la detecció d’aquest biomarcador va ser validada amb mostres clíniques de pacients amb TB i donants sans, mostrant la capacitat de la nostra plataforma POC per discriminar aquells pacients amb tuberculosi activa. A més, el disseny del sensor fotònic permet la detecció simultània de sis biomarcadors diferents. Tenint en compte això, hem dut a terme una prova de concepte de l’ús de la plataforma biosensora POC per a la detecció d’un panell de biomarcadors de TB utilitzant nanolitografía Dip-Pen per a la deposició de cada bioreceptor en cada sensor.
Els nostres resultats, validats en estudis clínics més amplis, podrien tenir importants implicacions diagnòstiques. A més, el nostre biosensor POC ofereix una sèrie d’avantatges en comparació amb els mètodes recomanats per l’Organització Mundial de la Salut.Actualmente el diagnóstico de Tuberculosis (TB) se realiza en laboratorios centralizados, empleando equipos voluminosos, reactivos complejos y personal capacitado, aumentando los costes y el tiempo para obtener los resultados. Por esta razón, el objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es el desarrollo de una plataforma point-of-care (POC) capaz de ofrecer una respuesta rápida y fiable en el diagnóstico de TB. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, la plataforma POC integra un novedoso sensor fotónico incorporado en un cartucho de micofluídica desechable. El sensor fotónico consiste en un conjunto de interferómetros Mach-Zehnder que ofrecen una alta sensibilidad. En primer lugar, se llevó a cabo una caracterización óptica para estudiar el rendimiento de la plataforma POC y su capacidad para ser empleada en aplicaciones biosensoras. Una vez caracterizada ópticamente, se evaluaron distintas estrategias de biofuncionalización para incorporar anticuerpos específicos como bioreceptores a la superficie del sensor. Después de un estudio en profundidad, se seleccionó y empleó la estrategia de biofuncionalización óptima para el análisis de los biomarcadores de TB. Los biomarcadores de TB se evaluaron tanto en solución tampón como en muestras biológicas, particularmente en orina humana. El biomarcador más prometedor y conocido de TB es el lipoarabinomanano (LAM), un componente de la pared celular bacteriana. En concreto, la detección de este biomarcador fue validada con muestras clínicas de pacientes con TB y donantes sanos, mostrando la capacidad de nuestra plataforma POC para discriminar a aquellos pacientes con Tuberculosis activa. Además, el diseño del sensor fotónico permite la detección simultánea de seis biomarcadores distintos. Teniendo esto en cuenta, hemos llevado a cabo una prueba de concepto del empleo de la plataforma biosensora POC para la detección de un panel de biomarcadores de TB utilizando nanolitografía Dip-Pen para la deposición de cada bioreceptor en cada sensor. Nuestros resultados, validados en estudios clínicos más amplios, podrían tener importantes implicaciones diagnósticas. Además, nuestro biosensor POC ofrece una serie de ventajas en comparación con los métodos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Nowadays, Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is carried out at centralised laboratories, employing bulky equipment, complex reagents, and trained staff, increasing costs and the time to obtain the results. For that reason, the aim of this Doctoral Thesis is to develop a point-of-care (POC) platform able to deliver a prompt and reliable response to TB diagnosis, taking advantage of a highly sensitive evanescent wave optical sensor. The POC platform integrates a novel photonic sensor consisting of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer transducer array incorporated in a disposable microfluidic cartridge. Firstly, an optical characterisation was carried out to study the new POC performance and its ability to be employed for biosensing applications. Once the POC platform was optically characterised, diverse biofunctionalisation strategies were tested in order to incorporate specific antibodies as bioreceptors to the sensor surface. After an in-depth study, the optimal biofunctionalisation strategy was selected and employed for the analysis of the TB biomarkers. The TB biomarkers were evaluated in both buffer and biological samples, particularly human urine. The most promising and well-known TB biomarker was lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a bacterial cell wall component. In particular, this biomarker detection was validated with clinical samples from TB patients and healthy donors, showing the ability of our POC platform to discriminate those patients with active TB. Moreover, taking advantage of the photonic sensor design, which allows the simultaneous detection of six different biomarkers, we initiated the proof-of-concept of the POC platform for a TB biomarker panel detection using Dip-Pen Nanolithography for each corresponding bioreceptor deposition. Our results, if validated with larger clinical studies, could have important diagnostic implications taking into account the advantages added by our POC biosensor in comparison with the methods recommended by the World Health Organisation.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biotecnologia
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Ullrich, Wolfgang [Verfasser], Hartwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Freiesleben, and Kai-Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Brinkmann. "Systematische Analyse des Reaktionskanals pp->ppω am COSY-TOF-Experiment / Wolfgang Ullrich. Gutachter: Hartwig Freiesleben ; Kai-Thomas Brinkmann. Betreuer: Hartwig Freiesleben." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1063089344/34.
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Strömberg, Dino. "Adaptive detection threshold control for an experimental low-cost ultra wide band energy detection receiver." Thesis, KTH, Signalbehandling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-53526.
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Farrell, Brian Henry. "An experimental and theoretical investigation into simple, low cost combustion chambers for small gas turbines." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335334.
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Carlson, Bill R. "Studies on rehabilitation with extensive fixed cantilever prostheses clinical, experimental, functional investigations and cost analysis /." Göteborg [Sweden] : Dept. of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32077585.html.
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Kucuk, Carullah Y. "After-Sales Service Contracting for Excellence in Life-Cycle Cost Management: Numerical Experiments and Systematic Review of Analytical Models." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707412/.
Full textAbstract:
This research adds to the literature and provides insight to practice via three essays that increase understanding about the applications and consequences of the two new approaches to the after-sales service governance: warranty contract and performance-based contracts. First, we attempted to enhance our knowledge of the modeling of the after-sales service process. In the first essay, the research papers with analytical models of after-sales services to present current trends, issues, and future research directions in the literature are classified. In the second essay, the effect of the warranty contract on the supplier's product quality improvement efforts in the context of capital goods is examined. Three sets of optimization models reveal that the existence of a warranty improves product quality. In the third essay, the performance-based contract is examined in the context of the warranty contract. The numerical experimentations conducted demonstrate that the performance-based contract is superior to the warranty contract in terms of the supplier's product quality efforts and the customer's total cost of after-sales services. The alignment of incentives based on the product performance tackles the issues presented in the traditional after-sales service contracting. Collectively, the three studies presented in this research expand our understanding of after-sales service contracts. Thus, the research presents managerial implications and adds to the existing body of knowledge in after-sales service research.
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Bahrampour, Mina. "Developing a Cerebral Palsy Preference Based Utility Measure using a Discrete Choice Experiment for cost-utility analyses." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404474.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a cluster of developmental disorders of movement and posture. This lifelong disability causes activity restriction and limits the individuals’ participation in everyday activities. Further, due to the CP being a lifelong disability, interventions and treatment impose a significant burden on the people with CP, their families and the health care system. Resources are scarce and governments need to know the best way to allocate these resources. A common method to address this requirement is using economic evaluation to provide essential information for resource allocation within the health care sector. Cost-utility analysis (CUA), provides a universal outcome for the economic evaluation of health care interventions that are expressed as a quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). QALYs combines quality and quantity of life into a single index. Quality of life for QALYs is valued by the preference weights given for different health states from the preference based instruments. Previously published systematic reviews have demonstrated that a limited number of CUAs were conducted for interventions for the CP population. The studies indicated that the current available preference based measures do not perform well in CP population, and there are no condition-specific preference based measures for CP currently available for CUA use in this population. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop a preference based measure for CP to be used in CUA. Preference based measures have two components; a health state classification system and a value set for the health states from the classification system. The first step was to develop the CP-specific classification system. The classification system was derived from a validated and widely used CP quality of life instrument, the Cerebral palsy quality of life (CPQOL). Factor analysis and Rasch analysis were applied to develop the classification system. Rasch analysis and experts opinion were used to evaluate the construct and content validity of the classification system at the development stage. The classification system consists of six domains: "Social wellbeing and acceptance", "Physical health", "Communication", "Pain and discomfort", "Manual ability" and "Sleep". Each domain is presented by one item and each item has 5 response levels. The new instrument is named the Cerebral Palsy 6 Dimension (CP-6D). The next step was to generate a scoring (utility) algorithm for the CP-6D. Utility weights are accrued from the preference of people using preference elicitation methods. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) is an ordinal preference elicitation method that asks participants to choose between two or more discrete alternatives. A systematic review was conducted to find the best approach to apply a DCE for valuing health for a multi attribute instrument. The review illustrated that there is not a golden approach to apply a DCE. However, there were some similarities between the studies. For instance, most of the studies used an online survey within the general population. To choose an approach, researchers need to know the features of the value sets that they want to produce before using the value sets in decision making. The systematic review also confirmed that there are no CP-specific instruments that used a DCE to value health. To develop the utility algorithm for CP-6D, DCE was applied. When using DCEs to value health, they produce utility values on a latent scale; hence, the weights generated from the DCE need to be anchored onto a full health-dead scale to calculate QALYs. To anchor the values, DCEtto method was used. In DCEtto duration is added as an attribute when designing the DCE. The valuation study was done in two stages; at first, a pilot study was done with a zero prior design, the priors for the final design were estimated from the pilot study data. The main valuation study was conducted as an online survey. The sample was a representative sample of Australian general population in age and sex. A total of 2002 adults aged 18 years and above completed the survey. The survey included a set of DCEtto tasks, basic social-demographic questions, the CP-6D, and a generic preference based measure (AQoL-4D). DCEtto data were analysed using conditional and mixed logit. All estimated coefficients from the data were in the expected direction and order for all the dimensions. In both methods, all coefficients were negative as expected, except level two of Physical health, which was not statistically significantly different from zero. The Australian utility values of CP-6D ranges from -0.582 to 1.000. The utility algorithm will enable the calculation of utility values for CP-6D in economic evaluations. The same sample as the DCE study was used to evaluate the construct and criterion validity of the CP-6D, as outlined in the COSMIN checklist. The validity was then evaluated using the AQoL-4D in a general population. There was a moderate correlation between the CP-6D and the AQoL-4D (~0.64), which suggested that the instruments are measuring a similar concept. However, the correlation between domains and items were small, this could be due to different factors. Socio-demographic variable changes had the same effect on both instruments. ANOVA and t-test were used to show the changes in socio-demographic variables; the effect size was medium, and all the results were significant (p-value < 0.001). This study filled a major gap in the literature in providing health state valuation for CP. A new health state classification system and utility algorithm completes a new preference based Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measure for CP, however further use and external validation is required. This study has some limitations. Due to the resource constraints and feasibility, the CP-6D was developed to evaluate CP interventions in economic evaluations among the Australian population also like other patient preference settings it can be used for informing patient care and clinical decisions. However, there is a high potential that the instrument to be used in other countries, future research is recommended to estimate the scores in different countries.
Further, the CP-6D should be validated rigorously with people that have CP in a clinical setting. Future studies are recommended to assess whether there is any significant difference between health state utility values for CP-6D derived from the general population and the preferences of people with CP. The CP-6D will facilitate the assessment of CP related interventions using a CUA framework and will assist resource allocation through economic evaluations for CP interventions and treatments, the most common motor disability among children.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medicine
Griffith Health
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Nascimento, Cesar Augusto Villela Silva do. "Efeitos da história e do custo cooperação sobre a produção de iniquidade favorável e desfavorável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-27072018-103854/.
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O presente trabalho investigou o efeito de uma história de cooperação sobre a escolha de um participante em cooperar ou trabalhar individualmente, na presença e ausência de custos. Os participantes trabalharam em um computador em uma tarefa para dois participantes, sendo que o computador simulava o desempenho do segundo participante. A cada tentativa, cada participante deveria escolher entre um cartão azul e um verde e a combinação de escolhas definia ganhos iguais ou desiguais para os participantes. Em função dos ganhos, uma resposta cooperativa foi definida como o participante escolher o cartão azul, uma resposta individual foi definida como o participante escolher o cartão verde. Isso porque o uso do cartão azul possibilitava que um dos participantes ganhasse mais em relação a uma matriz de ganhos menores, mas iguais. Os participantes foram expostos a cinco fases: Fase de Equidade, Fase de Iniquidade Favorável sem Custos, Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos, Fase de Iniquidade Favorável com Custos e Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos. O computador escolheu o cartão azul em todas as rodadas e fases do estudo e a escolha do cartão verde produzia 20 pontos para o Participante e para o computador em todas as fases do estudo. Na Fase de Equidade (10 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Favorável sem Custos (16 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e 20 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos (16 ou 32 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 20 pontos para o participante e 100 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Favorável com Custos (16 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e 10 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável com Custos (16 ou 32 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 10 pontos para o participante e 100 para o computador. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, que diferiam quanto a ordem em que foram expostos ao custo. Nos dois grupos, a ultima fase do estudo tinha o dobro de rodadas das demais do estudo. Os resultados indicam que o efeito do custo variou entre participantes e também dependeu da ordem em que ele era introduzido: quanto mais cedo o custo foi introduzido, maior foi efeito em diminuir a escolha pelo cartão azul (cooperar). Os resultados também mostram sinais claros de aversão a iniquidade favorável e desfavorável. Alguns participantes produzem consistentemente a iniquidade desfavorável, o que desafia modelos formais de aversão a iniquidadeThe present study investigated the effect of a history of cooperation on the choice of a participant in cooperating or working individually, in the presence and absence of costs. Participants worked on one computer in a two-person task, with the computer simulating the performance of the second participant. At each try, each participant should choose between a blue and a green card and the combination of choices defined equal or unequal gains for participants. Due to gains, a cooperative response was defined as the participant choosing the blue card, an individual response was defined as the participant choosing the green card. This was because the use of the blue card enabled one of the participants to earn more against an array of smaller but equal gains. Participants were exposed to five phases: Fairness Phase, Favorable Iniquity Phase without Costs, Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs, Favorable Iniquity Phase with Costs and Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs. The computer chose the blue card in all rounds and phases of the study and the choice of the green card produced 20 points for the Participant and the computer in all phases of the study. In the Fairness Phase (10 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and for the computer. In the Favorable Iniquity Phase without Costs (16 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and 20 points for the computer. In the Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs (16 or 32 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 20 points for the participant and 100 points for the computer. In Favorable Iniquity Phase with Costs (16 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and 10 points for the computer. In the Unfavorable Iniquity Phase with Costs (16 or 32 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 10 points for the participant and 100 points for the computer. Participants were divided into two groups, which differed in the order in which they were exposed to cost. In both groups, the last phase of the study had twice as many rounds as the rest of the study. The results indicate that the effect of cost varied between participants and also depended on the order in which it was introduced: the earlier the cost was introduced, the greater the effect was to decrease the choice by the blue card (cooperate). The results also show clear signs of aversion to favorable and unfavorable iniquity. Some participants consistently produce unfavorable iniquity, which challenges formal models of aversion to iniquity
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Taylor, Matthew J. "Experimental insights to improve utility measurement for use in cost-utility analysis of health care provision." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432516.
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ARIAUDO, GIADA. "Early intervention in preterm babies: development and experimental trial of an aesy and low cost program." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1214789.
Full textAbstract:
La prematurità rappresenta oggi un problema sempre più importante per la salute pubblica. Lo scopo della ricerca di questo settore è di individuare precocemente i soggetti altamente a rischio e i soggetti che potrebbero essere in grado di avere un outcome positivo, al fine di evitare follow-up superflui. I progressi continui nelle tecniche ostetriche e nell'assistenza intensiva e neonatale aumentano la quota dei bambini che sopravvivono alla nascita pretermine senza gravi danni cerebrali, tuttavia la strategia più promettente per promuovere il loro potenziale di crescita sembra agire sul loro ambiente, con un programma di intervento precoce.
Definizione di un protocollo di intervento precoce e studio sperimentale per valutarne la fattibilità, applicabilità ed efficacia. Si tratta di uno studio randomizzato in singolo cieco (l'analisi dei dati è stata fatta in cieco) che ha coinvolto 42 neonati prematuri ad alto rischio e le loro madri divisi in due gruppi di uguali dimensioni e reclutati a caso (ogni bambino è stato assegnato in precedenza a uno dei gruppi, secondo l'ordine di nascita). Criteri di inclusione per lo studio: età gestazionale ≤32 settimane e/o peso alla nascita ≤1500 g; Madri con una buona conoscenza dell'italiano parlato e scritto; Consenso informato scritto. Per entrambi i gruppi erano previsti quattro punti di controllo: al reclutamento, alla dimissione ospedaliera, a 40 settimane di età gestazionale, a 3 mesi di età corretta.
Per i neonati: ad ogni check-point sono stati eseguiti esame neurologico, videoregistrazione dei General movements, esame comportamentale da parte del TNPEE, e alla dimissione ospedaliera e 40 settimane di età gestazionale anche a Neonatal Intensive Care Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) sottoscala Attenzione (orientamento), Scala senso-motoria per il neonato e la videoregistrazione secondo il protocollo Global Rating Scale (GRS).
Per le madri: al reclutamento è stato proposto un diario quotidiano per annotare la presenza in NICU/ la durata/eventuale terapia Kangoroo (SCENE); alla dimissione sono stati discussi alcuni suggerimenti di "cura" con il TNPEE ed è stato consegnato un libretto informativo riguardante le caratteristiche e lo sviluppo dei neonati pretermine. Sono stati inoltre consegnati il PSS-NICU, la scala EPDS, la scala MSPSS, il questionario NPST; A 40 settimane di età gestazionale è stata data la scala MPAS e il questionario PSI; A 3 mesi di età corretta un questionario sugli eventi stressanti, il PSI, l'EPSD, il MSPSS. Solo per il gruppo sperimentale (Early Intervention Protocol): dal reclutamento all'uscita ospedaliera sono stati proposti 2 incontri con un piccolo gruppo di madri, un neuropsichiatra infantile ed un TNPEE per descrivere alcune caratteristiche tipiche dei neonati pretermine, alcune esigenze particolari nelle abitudini di cura e parlare di prematurità; dal reclutamento alla dimissione 3 incontri individuali con ciascuna madre e il TNPEE alla culla per osservare insieme quel singolo bambino; A 40 settimane e a 3 mesi di età corretta è stato effettuato un colloquio con ciascuna madre, il neuropsichiatra infantile e il TNPEE per valutare i cambiamenti nel bambino e nell'atteggiamento della madre.
Analisi statistica (statistica descrittiva, T test, analisi K, analisi fattoriale, coefficiente alfa di Cronbach, coefficiente di correlazione Pearson, ANOVA) dei risultati.
Studio condotto in collaborazione tra Unità Neurologica e Psichiatrica Infantile, C. Mondino IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Nazionale di Pavia, NICU della Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia e Unità di Sviluppo del Bambino 0-3 anni, IRCCS Nostra Famiglia Eugenio Medea Istituto Bosisio Parini. Abbiamo arruolato e valutato fino a 3 mesi di età corretta (fine del progetto) 42 bambini (21 nel gruppo sperimentale e 21 nel gruppo di controllo); 29 soggetti non hanno fornito il consenso allo studio e 71 non sono stati arruolati per motivi diversi.Prematurity represent today a more and more increasing problem for public health. The aim of researching this field is to detect as early as possible altogether subjects highly prone to risk and subjects associated with selective weaknesses (which occasionally can be supported with essential actions), and subjects who are likely to be able to build up an appropriate outcome (in order to avoid useless recurrent checkups). Continuous advances in obstetric techniques and intensive e neonatal care increase the share of children surviving preterm birth without serious cerebral damages, however the most promising strategy available to compensate their weaknesses and to promote their growth potential seems to be to act to their environment, setting up for them an early intervention. Definition of a protocol of Early Intervention and planning of a trial study to evaluate his feasibility, applicability and efficacy. This is a single-blind randomized study (data analyzer were blind), that involved 42 high risk preterm babies and their mothers divided in two groups of equal size and recruited randomly (each baby have been pre assigned to one of the groups, according to birth order). Inclusion criteria for the study: gestational age ≤32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g; mothers with a good knowledge of spoken and written Italian; written informed consent. For both groups are planned four check-points: at recruiting, at hospital discharge, at 40 weeks of gestational age, at 3 months of correct age. For babies: at each check-point were done Neurological examination, General Movements videotaping, Behavioural examination by the neurodevelopmental therapist, and at hospital discharge and 40 weeks of GA also to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) Attention (Orientation) subscale, Sensory-motor scale for the neonate and Global Ratings of Mother Infant Interaction Scale (GRS). For mothers: at recruiting was proposed a daily diary to note the presence in NICU/duration/kangaroo therapy (SCENE); at hospital discharge were discussed some “care” suggestions from the neurodevelopmental therapist, and delivery of an information booklets regarding characteristics and development of preterm babies. It has also be proposed PSS-NICU, the EPDS, the MSPSS, the NPST; at 40 weeks of gestational age has been proposed the MPAS and the PSI; at 3 months of correct age the Life events form, the PSI, the EPSD, the MSPSS. Only for the experimental group (Early Intervention Protocol): from recruiting to hospital discharge were proposed 2 meetings with a small group of mothers, a paediatric neuropsychiatrist and a neurodevelopmental therapist to describe some typical characteristic of preterm babies, some special needs in care habits and to talk about prematurity; from recruiting to hospital discharge 3 individual meetings with each mother and the neurodevelopmental therapist at baby’s cradle to observe together that single baby; at 40 weeks and at 3 months of correct age one individual meeting with each mother, the paediatric neuropsychiatrist and the neurodevelopmental therapist, was carried out to evaluate the changes in the baby and in the mother’s attitude. Statistical analysis (descriptive statistic, T test, K analysis, Factorial analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, ANOVA) of results. Study done in collaboration between Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino IRCCS National Neurological Institute of Pavia, NICU of the Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo of Pavia, Molecular Medicine Department of the University of Pavia and 0-3 Child Development Unit, IRCCS Nostra Famiglia Eugenio Medea Institute Bosisio Parini. We enrolled and evaluated until 3 months of correct age (end of the project) 42 babies (21 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group); 29 subjects didn't consent to the study and 71 weren't enrollable for different reasons.
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Isidori, Daniela. "A low-cost structural health monitoring system for residential buildings: experimental tests on a scale model." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242728.
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Una delle questioni più importanti riguardante l’Ingegneria civile e meccanica
è il rilevamento di danni strutturali. Una struttura civile, durante la sua
vita utile, oltre all’ordinaria esposizione ai carichi di servizio e ambientali, può
essere sottoposta episodicamente anche carichi più rilevanti come ad esempio
i terremoti. Questi eventi possono avere un profondo impatto sulla sicurezza
degli edifici e diventa opportuno, o in molti casi necessario, un continuo monitoraggio
delle condizioni di salute della struttura. Le tecniche più utilizzate
sono quelle di monitoraggio strutturale o Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).
Queste consentono di fornire una preziosa conoscenza del comportamento dinamico
delle strutture monitorate, della loro risposta in condizioni di servizio
sotto carichi ambientali, o sottoposte a situazioni di sollecitazione più rilevanti.
Tali sistemi sono largamente impiegati nelle applicazioni di ingegneria meccanica,
aeronautica e civile (soprattutto per strutture rilevanti), e in genere si
basano sulla misura e sullo studio delle vibrazioni di risposta a diversi input.
Lo sviluppo di dispositivi di misura a basso costo e a basso consumo energetico,
la disponibilità di sistemi di acquisizione di ultima generazione e di software
avanzati per l’analisi dinamica delle strutture rendono possibile l’applicazione
di tecniche di monitoraggio strutturale non solo a strutture strategicamente
significative (grandi infrastrutture, etc.), ma anche ad edifici ordinari. In tale
contesto, lo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di proporre una nuova metodologia
sperimentale e numerica per eseguire il monitoraggio di strutture civili, utilizzando
un prototipo di sistema SHM a basso costo, caratterizzato da sensori
MEMS e da strumenti di acquisizione di nuova generazione. Per questo motivo
è stato realizzato un modello in scala di un edificio a tre piani. Il modello è stato
strumentato e sottoposto a prove dinamiche cicliche. Sul modello sono stati
inseriti insieme ai tradizionali accelerometri piezoelettrici dei sensori MEMS,
in modo da poter confrontare i risultati e valutare le prestazioni di questi ultimi.
Sono state eseguite diverse prove dinamiche utilizzando due diversi tipi di
sensori per fare un’analisi comparativa del rumore di fondo, della risposta dinamica
e dello sfasamento in differenti condizioni operative. I risultati ottenuti
dai sensori a basso costo hanno evidenziato delle buone prestazioni paragonabili
a quelle degli accelerometri piezoelettrici. I dati acquisiti dal sistema sono applicati
a un modello numerico agli elementi finiti (FE) per rilevare l’esistenza, la
distribuzione e l’entità di danni locali e valutare quindi la vita utile rimasta. Il modello numerico (FE) della struttura è stato sviluppato e verificato sulla base
dei risultati ottenuti dall’ identificazione sperimentale dei parametri modali
della struttura, eseguita utilizzando le tecniche di analisi modale sperimentale
EMA (input-output) e di analisi modale operazionale OMA (output-only).
I parametri modali stimati sono stati utilizzati per controllare il modello FE.
L’analisi e il confronto dei risultati teorici e sperimentali ottenuti permettono di
affermare che il sistema proposto rappresenta una soluzione adeguata in termini
di costi, di affidabilità della misura dei sensori che registrano gli input dinamici
e di previsione della vita residua della struttura a seguito di un fenomeno
rilevante. La vita utile stimata dal modello in scala ottenuta mediante indici
danno locale e globale è coerente con i risultati sperimentali.detection of structural damages. Throughout its service life, a civil structure besides the exposure to operational and environmental forces can be subjected episodically to earthquakes. These events may have a deep impact on building safety and a continuous monitoring of the structure health conditions becomes desirable or necessary in many cases. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) provides a valuable knowledge of the dynamic behavior of monitored structures of their response to service environmental loadings, and of rise and distribution of the deterioration conditions. These techniques are widely employed in mechanical, aeronautical, and civil engineering, generally rely on vibration response measurements. The development of low cost and low energy measuring devices, the new generation of data acquisition systems, together with the increasing availability of software for advanced dynamic analysis, have extended SHM to several areas where up to now the high cost of traditional equipment was not justified by the value of structure itself. In civil engineering, SHM is moving from big infrastructures like bridges, dams and skyscrapers to historical heritage and residential buildings. Within this a background, the purpose of this work is to propose a new combined experimental and numerical methodology to perform the SHM of civil structures lying in seismic hazard zones. A relatively low-cost SHM prototype system based on this approach has been developed and the issues related to the usage of low-cost sensors and new generation data acquisition tools for non-destructive structural testing are discussed. A scale frame model of a three-story building has been build up and instrumented in order to simulate the vibration response of a multi-story building subjected to cyclic loads. Dynamic tests have been carried out by using two different types of sensors in order to make a comparative analysis of floor noise, dynamic response and phase shift in different operating conditions: (i) low cost MEMSbased accelerometers and (ii) classical piezo-electric transducers. The usage of low-cost sensors has allowed to get enough comparable performance, in terms of measured quantities, with respect to piezoelectric accelerometers. The data acquired by the system are provided to a finite element numerical model (FE) to detect the appearing, rise and distribution of local damages and to estimate a global damage level. The numerical finite element (FE) model of the structure has been developed and tuned up by means of the outcome of a structural iden-tification performed by using an Experimental and Operational Modal Analysis approaches. In particular, the modal parameters estimated have been utilised to update the FE model. A damage level estimation methodology is proposed and calibrated comparing the experimental results with the FE model prediction during cyclic failure tests of the scale frame. The life prediction of the scale model obtained by local and global damage indexes is consistent with the experimental results.
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Duarte, Aline Eiras. "Experimentos de quimica geral sob a perspectiva em diminuição de residuos e custos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250635.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jose de Alencar SimoniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T19:19:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Duarte_AlineEiras_M.pdf: 1068677 bytes, checksum: 59b0dbfa7366f507ed4f00586382d731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Este trabalho propõe possíveis alterações em procedimentos experimentais de química geral envolvendo mudanças de materiais, reagentes, quantidades e concentrações de soluções, para a redução de custos e resíduos produzidos em laboratórios de ensino. Os roteiros experimentais estudados fazem parte da disciplina de Química Geral Experimental (QG-102), ministrada no Instituto de Química da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), no 2° semestre de 2005 e 1° semestre de 2006. Durante esses dois semestres os alunos foram observados no desenvolvimento de suas aulas.Diante das observações, modificações foram propostas em cinco dos doze experimentos trabalhados e novos materiais foram criados, na intenção de preservar ou melhorar os aspectos didáticos dos experimentos, os resultados obtidos e o processo de aprendizagem. Alguns dos experimentos modificados reduzem em até vinte vezes a quantidade de reagentes, a quantidade de resíduos produzidos, o tempo de realização do experimento, energia elétrica e água para a limpeza dos materiais, sem comprometer os objetivos didáticos e, em alguns casos, melhorando os resultados obtidos e a compreensão dos conceitos envolvidos no experimento. Os novos roteiros experimentais foram descritos neste trabalho e aplicados para alunos ingressantes no 1° semestre de 2007, na mesma disciplina, com sucesso. Embora não avaliadas sistematicamente, as modificações propostas agradaram aos alunos e demonstraram que a preocupação com a geração e tratamento de resíduos foi despertada nos mesmos.
Abstract: This work shows possible changes introduced in experiments procedures of general chemistry involving the modification of educational materials, reagents, and solutions amount and/or concentrations, in order to diminish cost and residues. The modified experimental procedures suggested for disciplines of Laboratory of General Chemistry at Campinas State University, were conceived by observing, during two semesters, the students' pratical work at the laboratory. The aim of this project is to create new educational materials that present the same didactic performance of the conventional experimental procedures. In many respects the utilization of these new educational materials or procedures lead to the achievement of better experimental results and improved the students learning process. The new experimental procedures reduced by 20 times the amount of used reagents, and also reduced the amount of generated residues as well as the cleaning materials and energy. This work also describes new experimental procedures that were already effectively applied during experimental classes. Experiments procedures reducing by 20 times the reagent amounts, classified as micro scale, resulted in short times to carry on the experimental work, allowing free time for experimental reports and theoretical studies. The modifications proposed did not show any loss regarding the didactics purposes of the experiments. Even though not systematically evaluated, the students appreciated the modifications proposed and were concerned residue generations and managements.
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
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Viney, Rosalie. "Health outcomes and utility : experimental evidence on quality adjusted life years." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27958.
Full textAbstract:
Health resource allocation decisions increasingly use measures such as Quality
Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) to value health care interventions. QALYs have
been shown to be consistent with underlying welfare economic theory only if
certain restrictions are placed on individual utility fimctions.