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1

Choi, Youn Kyung, Sung-Gook Cho, Sang-Mi Woo, Yee Jin Yun, Jeakyung Jo, Wooyoung Kim, Yong Cheol Shin, and Seong-Gyu Ko. "Saussurea lappaClarke-Derived Costunolide Prevents TNFα-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting NF-κB Activity." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/936257.

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Saussurea lappaClarke (SLC) has been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, China, and Japan for the treatment of abdominal pain and tenesmus. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from SLC, has diverse medicinal effects. However, the anticancer effects of costunolide are still unclear in breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that costunolide suppresses tumor growth and metastases of MDA-MB-231 highly metastatic human breast cancer cells via inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB activation. Costunolide inhibited MDA-MB-231 tumor growth and metastases without affecting body weights in thein vivomouse orthotopic tumor growth assays. In addition, costunolide inhibitedin vitroTNFα-induced invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Costunolide further suppressed TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling activation, resulting in a reduced expression of MMP-9, a well-known NF-κB-dependent gene to mediate breast cancer cell growth and metastases. Therefore, we conclude that SLC and its derivative costunolide suppress breast cancer growth and metastases by inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, suggesting that costunolide as well as SLC may be promising anticancer drugs, especially for metastatic breast cancer.
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2

Lee, Sung Ho, Young-Chang Cho, and Jae Sung Lim. "Costunolide, a Sesquiterpene Lactone, Suppresses Skin Cancer via Induction of Apoptosis and Blockage of Cell Proliferation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042075.

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Costunolide is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone that demonstrates various therapeutic actions such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Costunolide has recently emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent in various types of cancer, including colon, lung, and breast cancer. However, its mode of action in skin cancer remains unclear. To determine the anti-cancer potential of costunolide in skin cancer, human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 was treated with costunolide. A lactate dehydrogenase assay showed that costunolide diminished the viability of A431 cells. Apoptotic cells were detected by annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay assay, and costunolide induced cell apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 as well as induction of poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage in A431 cells. In addition, costunolide elevated the level of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax while lowering the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. To address the inhibitory effect of costunolide on cell proliferation and survival, various signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Akt, were investigated. Costunolide activated the p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways while suppressing the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), STAT3, NF-κB, and Akt pathways in A431 cells. Consequently, it was inferred that costunolide suppresses cell proliferation and survival via these signaling pathways. Taken together, our data clearly indicated that costunolide exerts anti-cancer activity in A431 cells by suppressing cell growth via inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. Therefore, it may be employed as a potentially tumor-specific candidate in skin cancer treatment.
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3

Ghashghaeinia, Mehrdad, Pavla Koralkova, Daniela Giustarini, Renata Mojzikova, Birgit Fehrenbacher, Peter Dreischer, Martin Schaller, et al. "The specific PKC-α inhibitor chelerythrine blunts costunolide-induced eryptosis." Apoptosis 25, no. 9-10 (July 7, 2020): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01620-6.

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Abstract Costunolide, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has multiple pharmacological activities such as neuroprotection or induction of apoptosis and eryptosis. However, the effects of costunolide on pro-survival factors and enzymes in human erythrocytes, e.g. glutathione and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) respectively, have not been studied yet. Our aim was to determine the mechanisms underlying costunolide-induced eryptosis and to reverse this process. Phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter in flow cytometry, and intracellular glutathione [GSH]i from high performance liquid chromatography. The oxidized status of intracellular glutathione and enzyme activities were measured by spectrophotometry. Treatment of erythrocytes with costunolide dose-dependently enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, decreased the cell volume, depleted [GSH]i and completely inhibited G6PDH activity. The effects of costunolide on annexin-V-binding and cell volume were significantly reversed by pre-treatment of erythrocytes with the specific PKC-α inhibitor chelerythrine. The latter, however, had no effect on costunolide-induced GSH depletion. Costunolide induces eryptosis, depletes [GSH]i and inactivates G6PDH activity. Furthermore, our study reveals an inhibitory effect of chelerythrine on costunolide-induced eryptosis, indicating a relationship between costunolide and PKC-α. In addition, chelerythrine acts independently of the GSH depletion. Understanding the mechanisms of G6PDH inhibition accompanied by GSH depletion should be useful for development of anti-malarial therapeutic strategies or for synthetic lethality-based approaches to escalate oxidative stress in cancer cells for their sensitization to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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4

Baek, Seung Hwa, Nigel B. Perry, and Stephen D. Lorimer. "Ent-Costunolide from the Liverwort Hepatostolonophora Paucistipula." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 1 (January 2003): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103172977.

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Bioactivity-directed isolation work on the New Zealand liverwort Hepatostolonophora paucistipula afforded the sesquiterpene lactones (-)- ent-costunolide (1) and (-)- ent-arbusculin B (2) as cytotoxic compounds. This is the first report of 1, enantiomeric to the known germacranolide (+)-costunolide (3).
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5

Fink, Madeline, Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan, Nefeli Zacharopoulou, and Florian Lang. "Stimulation of Eryptosis, the Suicidal Erythrocyte Death, by Costunolide." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 50, no. 6 (2018): 2283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495088.

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Background/Aims: The sesquiterpene lactone Costunolide is effective against various disorders including inflammation and malignancy. The substance is effective in part by triggering suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells. Mechanisms involved include altered function of transcription factors and mitochondria. Erythrocytes lack nuclei and mitochondria but are – in analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells – able to enter suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress and ceramide. The present study explored, whether Costunolide induces eryptosis and, if so, to shed light on the mechanisms involved. Methods: Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation from 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF)-dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to Costunolide (15 µg/ml) significantly enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly decreased forward scatter and significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence, DCF-fluorescence, and ceramide abundance. The effect of Costunolide on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Conclusion: Costunolide triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part due to Ca2+ entry and paralleled by oxidative stress and ceramide formation.
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6

Hu, Lihong, Yinan Zhang, Weichen Dai, Jie Zheng, Xinyu Yan, and Wei Tang. "Efficient Construction of (±)-epi-Costunolide through a Chromium(II)-Mediated Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi Reaction." Synlett 32, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 1469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1720348.

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Abstract(±)-epi-Costunolide has been synthesized through a seven-step procedure starting from (E,E)-farnesol. The key step includes an intramolecular allylation of an aldehyde through a chromium(II)-mediated Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction, in which more than one equivalent of CrCl2 has been recognized as the most effective reagent to promote the conversion. An anti-inflammatory screen showed that epi-costunolide is a moderate inhibitor of B lymphocyte proliferation.
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7

Kim, Dae Yong, and Bu Young Choi. "Costunolide—A Bioactive Sesquiterpene Lactone with Diverse Therapeutic Potential." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122926.

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Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a major class of bioactive natural products. One of the naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones is costunolide, which has been extensively investigated for a wide range of biological activities. Multiple lines of preclinical studies have reported that the compound possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Many of these bioactivities are supported by mechanistic details, such as the modulation of various intracellular signaling pathways involved in precipitating tissue inflammation, tumor growth and progression, bone loss, and neurodegeneration. The key molecular targets of costunolide include, but are not limited to, intracellular kinases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, Akt kinase, telomerase, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, and redox-regulated transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB, signal transducer and activator of transcription, activator protein-1. The compound also diminished the production and/expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and cytokines. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic potential of costunolide in the management of various diseases and their underlying mechanisms.
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8

Li, Xi, Qingqing Liu, Jiaoyan Yu, Ruitao Zhang, Ting Sun, Wei Jiang, Na Hu, et al. "Costunolide ameliorates intestinal dysfunction and depressive behaviour in mice with stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome via colonic mast cell activation and central 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism." Food & Function 12, no. 9 (2021): 4142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo03340e.

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9

Zhao, Ru, Bing-Lin Zeng, Wen-Qiang Jia, Hong-Yi Zhao, Long-Ying Shen, Xiao-Jian Wang, and Xian-Dao Pan. "LiCl-promoted amination of β-methoxy amides (γ-lactones)." RSC Advances 10, no. 57 (2020): 34938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07170f.

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10

Peng, Shoujiao, Yanan Hou, Juan Yao, and Jianguo Fang. "Activation of Nrf2 by costunolide provides neuroprotective effect in PC12 cells." Food & Function 10, no. 7 (2019): 4143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fo02249f.

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Costunolide (COS), a natural sesquiterpene lactone originally isolated from Inula helenium (Compositae), shows potent neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-mediated injuries of PC12 cells via activating transcription factor Nrf2.
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11

Chen, Yuling, Hong Zheng, Jingze Zhang, Lei Wang, Zhaoxiang Jin, and Wenyuan Gao. "Reparative activity of costunolide and dehydrocostus in a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis." RSC Advances 6, no. 7 (2016): 5249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22371g.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of costunolide (Co) and dehydrocostus (De) in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) as well as the potential mechanisms involved.
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12

Glasl, Sabine, Pavel Mucaji, Ingrid Werner, Armin Presser, and Johann Jurenitsch. "Sesquiterpenes and Flavonoid Aglycones from a Hungarian Taxon of the Achillea millefolium Group." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2002): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-11-1203.

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The investigation of a dichloromethane extract of flower heads of a Hungarian taxon of the Achillea millefolium group led to the isolation of three flavonoid aglycones, one triterpene, one germacranolide and five guaianolides. Their structures were elucidated by UV-VIS, EI- and CI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods as well as by 2D-NMR studies and by selective 1D-NOE experiments. Besides apigenin, luteolin and centaureidin, β-sitosterol, 3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydro-costunolide, desacetylmatricarin, leucodin, achillin, 8α-angeloxy-leucodin and 8α-angeloxy-achillin were isolated. Both latter substances are reported here for the first time. Their NMR data were compared with those of the other guaianolides. The stereochemistry of 3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydro-costunolide was discussed and compared with data of the literature.
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13

Błoszyk, Ełżbieta, Miloš Buděšínský, Włodzimierz M. Daniewski, Eva Pešková, Bohdan Drożdż, and Miroslav Holub. "Sesquiterpenic lactones of Inula aschersoniana JANKA var. aschersoniana species." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 6 (1990): 1562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901562.

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Aerial parts of species Inula aschersoniana JANKA var. aschersoniana have been shown to contain parthenolide (I), costunolide diepoxide (III) and the hitherto undescribed inusoniolide (IV) whose structure, including the absolute configuration, was determined using 1H NMR and CD spectroscopy.
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14

Pinto, Madalena, Anake Kijjoa, Ing-On Mondranondra, and Werner Herz. "Biphenyl Type Lignans and Costunolide fromManglietia garrettii." Planta Medica 56, no. 04 (August 1990): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960999.

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15

Rosales, Antonio, Juan Muñoz Bascón, José Antonio Castilla Alcalá, Esther Roldán Molina, Santiago Olmedo, Janeth Proaño, and J. Enrique Oltra. "Aproximación a la síntesis enantioselectiva de achillifolina." Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas 35, no. 1-2 (August 15, 2017): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26807/remcb.v35i1-2.257.

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En este artículo se presenta una aproximación biomimética a la síntesis enantioselectiva de achillifolina, una lactona sesquiterpénica natural aislada de Achillea millefolium subsp. Millenium. La ciclación carbocatiónica de epoxi-costunolida es la etapa clave de la secuencia sintética. Esta ciclación transanular permite la formación del esqueleto de 1,4-epoxi-ciclodecano presente en (+)-achillifolina
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16

Choodej, Siwattra, Khanitha Pudhom, and Tohru Mitsunaga. "Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by Sesquiterpene Lactones from Saussurea lappa and Semi-Synthetic Analogues." Planta Medica 84, no. 05 (September 29, 2017): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-120115.

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We investigated the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitory activity of sesquiterpenes from Saussurea lappa root extracts. According to the hexane and EtOAc extracts showing significant activity with IC50 values of 0.5 and 1.0 µg/mL, respectively, chromatographic fractionation of the extracts was performed and led to the isolation of 10 sesquiterpenes (1–10). Costunolide (1), a major compound, and dehydrocostus lactone (4) exhibited high efficiency in decreasing TNF-α levels, with IC50 values of 2.05 and 2.06 µM, respectively. In addition, sesquiterpene analogues were synthesized to establish their structure-activity relationship (SAR) profile. Among the semi-synthetic analogues, compounds 6a and 16 showed the most potent activity with IC50 values of 1.84 and 1.97 µM, respectively. More importantly, compound 6a showed less toxicity than costunolide and 16. These results provided the first SAR profile of sesquiterpene lactones and indicated that the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety plays a crucial role in TNF-α inhibition. Additionally, the epoxide derivative 6a might represent a lead compound for further anti-TNF-α therapies, owing to its potent activity and reduced toxicity.
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17

Kim, Myung-Ju, Jae-Sug Lee, and Seung-Hwa Baek. "In vitro cytotoxic activity of (-)-ent-costunolide (Notes)." Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3742/opem.2009.9.1.097.

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18

Lu, Tiansheng, and Nikolaus H. Fischer. "Spectral Data of Chemical Modification Products of Costunolide." Spectroscopy Letters 29, no. 3 (April 1, 1996): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387019608006662.

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19

Abdelgaleil, Samir A. M., Neama Abdel-Razeek, and Salah A. Soliman. "Herbicidal Activity of Three Sesquiterpene Lactones on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Their Possible Mode of Action." Weed Science 57, no. 1 (February 2009): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-08-093.1.

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Inhibitory effects of two sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and parthenolide, isolated from dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of southern magnolia and a parthenolide derivative, 1,10-epoxyparthenolide, were evaluated on germination and seedling growth of wild oat. The sesquiterpene lactones effected a significant reduction of seed germination, particularly at the highest concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg L−1, with costunolide being the most active one. Furthermore, the three sesquiterpenes strongly inhibited root and shoot growth of the weed. However, the inhibition of root growth by all compounds was greater than that of shoot growth. Parthenolide inhibited growth of both root and shoot more strongly than the other compounds and a reference herbicide imazamethabenz. At a concentration of 100 mg L−1, parthenolide caused 87 and 41% growth inhibition of root and shoot, respectively. Parthenolide was tested for its effect on acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. The compound inhibited the enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition of 51.44 µM. The results of this study indicated that the herbicidal activity of the isolated sesquiterpene may be attributed to inhibition of ALS. The promising phytotoxic activity of sesquitepene lactones reported here could be considered a starting point for developing environmentally safer herbicides.
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20

Huang, Hai, Jun-Koo Yi, Su-Geun Lim, Sijun Park, Haibo Zhang, Eungyung Kim, Soyoung Jang, et al. "Costunolide Induces Apoptosis via the Reactive Oxygen Species and Protein Kinase B Pathway in Oral Cancer Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147509.

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Oral cancer (OC) has been attracted research attention in recent years as result of its high morbidity and mortality. Costunolide (CTD) possesses potential anticancer and bioactive abilities that have been confirmed in several types of cancers. However, its effects on oral cancer remain unclear. This study investigated the potential anticancer ability and underlying mechanisms of CTD in OC in vivo and in vitro. Cell viability and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed to examine the antigrowth effects of CTD on OC cells; assessments for migration and invasion of OC cells were conducted by transwell; Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and verified by immunoblotting. The results revealed that CTD suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral cancer cells effectively and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; regarding the mechanism, CTD bound to AKT directly by binding assay and repressed AKT activities through kinase assay, which thereby downregulating the downstream of AKT. Furthermore, CTD remarkably promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometry assay, leading to cell apoptosis. Notably, CTD strongly suppresses cell-derived xenograft OC tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. In conclusion, our results suggested that costunolide might prevent progression of OC and promise to be a novel AKT inhibitor.
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21

Frey, Maximilian, Iris Klaiber, Jürgen Conrad, and Otmar Spring. "CYP71BL9, the missing link in costunolide synthesis of sunflower." Phytochemistry 177 (September 2020): 112430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112430.

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22

Choi, Jung-Hye, Bo-Rim Seo, Seong-Hoon Seo, Kyung-Tae Lee, Jae-Hoon Park, Hee-Juhn Park, Jong-Won Choi, Yoshie Itoh, and Ken-ichi Miyamoto. "Costunolide induces differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells." Archives of Pharmacal Research 25, no. 4 (August 2002): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02976606.

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23

Lee, Young Soon, and Eun Mi Choi. "Costunolide stimulates the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells." International Immunopharmacology 11, no. 6 (June 2011): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.01.018.

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24

Srivastava, Sanjay K., Aji Abraham, Beena Bhat, Manu Jaggi, Anu T. Singh, Vinod K. Sanna, Gurvinder Singh, Shiv K. Agarwal, Rama Mukherjee, and Anand C. Burman. "Synthesis of 13-amino costunolide derivatives as anticancer agents." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 16, no. 16 (August 2006): 4195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.083.

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25

Sánchez, Luis A., Zeuz Capitan, Luz I. Romero, Eduardo Ortega-Barría, William H. Gerwick, and Luis Cubilla-Rios. "Bio-Assay Guided Isolation of Germacranes with Anti-Protozoan Activity from Magnolia sororum." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 11 (November 2007): 1934578X0700201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700201101.

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In the course of our search for antiprotozoal agents from terrestrial plants, three new germacranes 1, 2 and 3, together with the well known sesquiterpene lactones parthenolide (4) and costunolide (5), were isolated from Magnolia sororum using bioassay-guided fractionation methods. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compound 5 exhibited activity (IC50 = 9.4 μM) in vitro against the Leishmania mexicana parasite. Additionally, all compounds were also evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi and Monkey Vero cells without showing much activity.
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26

Lin, Xuejing, Zhangxiao Peng, and Changqing Su. "Potential Anti-Cancer Activities and Mechanisms of Costunolide and Dehydrocostuslactone." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 12 (May 13, 2015): 10888–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160510888.

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27

Kalsi, P. S., Sarita Khurana, and K. K. Talwar. "Chemistry of costunolide and biological activity of the derived lactones." Phytochemistry 24, no. 1 (January 1985): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)80816-x.

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28

Cheon, Yoon-Hee, Mi Jin Song, Ju-Young Kim, Seong Cheoul Kwak, Ju Ha Park, Chang Hoon Lee, Jeong Joong Kim, et al. "Costunolide Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Suppressing c-Fos Transcriptional Activity." Phytotherapy Research 28, no. 4 (July 6, 2013): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5034.

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29

Yin, Hua, Yi-bin Zhuang, E.-e. Li, Hui-ping Bi, Wei Zhou, and Tao Liu. "Heterologous biosynthesis of costunolide in Escherichia coli and yield improvement." Biotechnology Letters 37, no. 6 (February 21, 2015): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1784-6.

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30

Rayan, Nirmala Arul. "Costunolide inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS in activated murine BV2 microglia." Frontiers in Bioscience E3, no. 1 (2009): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/312.

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Yang, Zhong-Jin, Wei-Zhi Ge, Qiu-Ying Li, Yaxin Lu, Jian-Miao Gong, Bei-Jia Kuang, Xiaonan Xi, Haiting Wu, Quan Zhang, and Yue Chen. "Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Costunolide, Parthenolide, and Their Fluorinated Analogues." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 58, no. 17 (August 20, 2015): 7007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00915.

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32

Dheen, Thameem. "Costunolide inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS in activated murine BV2 microglia." Frontiers in Bioscience E3, no. 3 (2011): 1079–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/e312.

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33

Liu, Qing, Mohammad Majdi, Katarina Cankar, Miriam Goedbloed, Tatsiana Charnikhova, Francel W. A. Verstappen, Ric C. H. de Vos, Jules Beekwilder, Sander van der Krol, and Harro J. Bouwmeester. "Reconstitution of the Costunolide Biosynthetic Pathway in Yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana." PLoS ONE 6, no. 8 (August 15, 2011): e23255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023255.

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34

Jin, Xinmeng, Congcong Wang, and Lei wang. "Costunolide inhibits osteosarcoma growth and metastasis via suppressing STAT3 signal pathway." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 121 (January 2020): 109659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109659.

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35

Cheong, Chong-Un, Ching-Sheng Yeh, Yi-Wen Hsieh, Ying-Ray Lee, Mei-Ying Lin, Chung-Yi Chen, and Chien-Hsing Lee. "Protective Effects of Costunolide against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury in PC12 Cells." Molecules 21, no. 7 (July 9, 2016): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070898.

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36

Dong, Shu. "Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Costunolide and Dehydrocostuslactone in Xin-ke-shu Preparations." Pharmaceutical Crops 2, no. 1 (December 2, 2011): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210290601102010074.

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37

Saraswati, Sarita, Abdulqader A. Alhaider, and Abdelgalil M. Abdelgadir. "Costunolide suppresses an inflammatory angiogenic response in a subcutaneous murine sponge model." APMIS 126, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apm.12808.

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Liu, Chia-Yuan, Hsun-Shuo Chang, Ih-Sheng Chen, Chih-Jen Chen, Ming-Ling Hsu, Shu-Ling Fu, and Yu-Jen Chen. "Costunolide causes mitotic arrest and enhances radiosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells." Radiation Oncology 6, no. 1 (2011): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1748-717x-6-56.

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Choi, Jung-Hye, Joohun Ha, Jae-Hoon Park, Jae Yeol Lee, Yong Sup Lee, Hee-Juhn Park, Jong-Won Choi, Yutaka Masuda, Kazuyasu Nakaya, and Kyung-Tae Lee. "Costunolide Triggers Apoptosis in Human Leukemia U937 Cells by Depleting Intracellular Thiols." Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 93, no. 12 (December 2002): 1327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01241.x.

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Chen, Yun-tian, Yao Du, Bo Zhao, Li-xing Gan, Kai-kai Yu, Lei Sun, Jian Wang, and Feng Qian. "Costunolide alleviates HKSA-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of macrophage activation." Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 40, no. 8 (January 15, 2019): 1040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41401-018-0192-6.

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Ma, Xiao-Chi, Jian Zheng, and De-An Guo. "Microbial transformation of dehydrocostuslactone and costunolide by Mucor polymorphosporus and Aspergillus candidus." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 40, no. 5 (April 2007): 1013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.07.043.

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Lv, Qi, Yao Xing, Dong Dong, Yang Hu, Qingzhu Chen, Linhui Zhai, Lihong Hu, and Yinan Zhang. "Costunolide ameliorates colitis via specific inhibition of HIF1α/glycolysis-mediated Th17 differentiation." International Immunopharmacology 97 (August 2021): 107688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107688.

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Ramírez-Reyes, Thalía, Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva, Oscar D. Jiménez-Martínez, Ángel S. Aguilar-Colorado, Israel Bonilla-Landa, Norma Flores-Estévez, Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez, and José A. Guerrero-Analco. "Sesquiterpene Lactones and Phenols from Polyfollicles of Magnolia vovidessi and their Antimicrobial Activity." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 5 (May 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300502.

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Abstract:
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an active crude extract (EtOAc) of polyfollicles of Magnolia vovidessi, an endemic medicinal plant of the cloud forest of Mexico, led to the isolation and identification of shizukolidol (1), an eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone that showed antibacterial activity against the economically important phytopathogenic bacterium Chryseobacterium sp. (MIC= 400 μg/mL). In addition, 4α,8β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide 8 (2), rutin, scopoline and scopoletine were also isolated as were mexicanin, parthenolide, costunolide, astragalin, quercetin, hesperidin, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and shikimic acid identified by a dereplication-like procedure using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Rutin displayed mild anti-oomicite activity against phytopathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi.
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Ge, Mao‐xu, Hong‐tao Liu, Na Zhang, Wei‐xiao Niu, Zhen‐ning Lu, Yun‐yang Bao, Rui Huang, Dong‐ke Yu, Rong‐guang Shao, and Hong‐wei He. "Costunolide represses hepatic fibrosis through WW domain‐containing protein 2‐mediated Notch3 degradation." British Journal of Pharmacology 177, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.14873.

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LEE, Min-Goo, Kyung-Tae LEE, Sung-Gil CHI, and Jae-Hoon PARK. "Costunolide Induces Apoptosis by ROS-mediated Mitochondrial Permeability Transition and Cytochrome C Release." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 24, no. 3 (2001): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.303.

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Taniguchi, Masatoshi, Takao Kataoka, Hidefumi Suzuki, Masakazu Uramoto, Masayoshi Ando, Kei Arao, Junji Magae, Toshio Nishimura, Noboru Ōtake, and Kazuo Nagai. "Costunolide and Dehydrocostus Lactone as Inhibitors of Killing Function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 59, no. 11 (January 1995): 2064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.2064.

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Okubo, Shinya, Tomoe Ohta, Hideaki Fujita, Yukihiro Shoyama, and Takuhiro Uto. "Costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone from Saussurea lappa root inhibit autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells." Journal of Natural Medicines 75, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-020-01462-1.

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Park, Jong-Beak, Chong-Kyo Lee, and Hee Juhn Park. "Anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of costunolide isolated from the stem bark ofMagnolia sieboldii." Archives of Pharmacal Research 20, no. 3 (June 1997): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02976157.

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Chen, Zhengxu, Dan Zhang, Man Li, and Baolong Wang. "Costunolide ameliorates lipoteichoic acid-induced acute lung injury via attenuating MAPK signaling pathway." International Immunopharmacology 61 (August 2018): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.017.

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Choi, Sang-Ho, Eunok Im, Hyun Kyung Kang, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Hi-Suk Kwak, Young-Tae Bae, Hee-Juhn Park, and Nam Deuk Kim. "Inhibitory effects of costunolide on the telomerase activity in human breast carcinoma cells." Cancer Letters 227, no. 2 (September 2005): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2005.01.011.

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