Academic literature on the topic 'Costume Great Britain History 20th century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Costume Great Britain History 20th century"
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Ulunyan, Arutyun. "“Cotton Shadow” of the Great Game (1880s — Early 20th Century)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 12-1 (122) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023789-6.
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The article analyzes the interconnection between the political and economic interests of Britain in the context of the Great Game in the 1880s — early 20th century and the strengthening of the British participation in making and development of the Russian cotton industry. Archival sources, materials of parliamentary reports, the British press, publications of British and Russian participants in the events, all of them, provide legitimate basis to detect the peculiarities of the links between Britain’s economic and political interests during this period. The “cotton shadow” of the Great Game turned out to be a phenomenon that allows even at the statistical level to reveal the prevailing importance of economic interests over purely political assessments of the likely Russian threat to Britain in Central and East Asia and partially overshadow them.
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Ageeva, Elena, Natalia Alekseeva, Georgii Bernatskii, Sergei Borodin, and Victoria Kalinovskaya. "British citizenship: a history of reform in the 20th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 5-1 (May 1, 2022): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202205statyi12.
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The article examines the development of citizenship legislation in Great Britain from the 20th century to the present day. The authors analyze the influence of the historical context and political events on the formation of the current system of categories of British citizenship and on changes in the legislation on citizenship. Special attention is paid to understanding the institution of citizenship in the context of contemporary social cultural problems of British society, migration policy and the formation of national identity.
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Miziniak, Helena. "Polish Community in Great Britain." Studia Polonijne 43, Specjalny (December 20, 2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp2243.5s.
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The article presents the activity of Poles in Great Britain in the 20th century, beginning with the end of World War II, when a large group of Polish refugees and veterans settled in the UK. In 1947, the Federation of Poles was established to represent Polish community in Great Britain. The Association of Polish Women (1946) and the Relief Society for Poles (1946) were also formed at the same time.
The article shows the involvement of the Polish community in Great Britain in the context of Polish history. This involvement included the organisation of anti-communist protests, carrying out various actions to inform people about the situation in Poland, organising material aid, supporting Poland at the time of the system transformation, and supporting Poland’s accession to the European Union. Over the decades, the Polish community in Great Britain has managed to set up numerous veterans’ and social organisations, Polish schools, it also built churches in order to preserve Polish culture abroad.
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Atapin, Evgenii. "Evolution of British Euroscepticism in the Second Half of the 20th Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (December 2022): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.13.
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Introduction. The United Kingdom is the most prominent example of a Eurosceptic country in the EU. For many years the United Kingdom did not feel a part of Europe. Great Britain was geographically separated from continental Europe and psychologically distant from the European integration movement established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The British Eurosceptic tradition rested on these geographic and psychological characteristics. Eurosceptic traditions included political, economic, linguistic, cultural and historical aspects that made it difficult for the United Kingdom to accept European integration. Methods and materials. The research methodology is based on narrative and comparative methods. The materials of the study incorporate statements of certain British politicians about attitudes towards European integration, works devoted to the analysis of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom and manifestos of some far-right political parties. Analysis. A study of the attitude to European integration of the two main political forces of Great Britain, namely the Conservative and the Labour Parties, in the second half of the 20th century is carried out. Results. The study results in the creation of a periodization of British Euroscepticism in the second half of the 20th century. Three stages of evolution of British Euroscepticism in the period under study are distinguished: 1) the stage preceding the entry of Great Britain into the European Communities, conventionally called “Labour”; 2) the stage of the United Kingdom’s participation in the “common market”, conventionally called “Conservative”; 3) the stage of Britain’s participation in the European Union, conventionally called “Right-wing populist”. Their chronological framework is established and their main characteristics are given.
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Kiehnle, Arndt. "The long journey of ‘Privatautonomie’." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 87, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 473–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00870a09.
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SummaryIndividual autonomy was rediscovered in modernity when it came to the persecution of dissenters in Germany after the Reformatio n. Since the 18th century the ‘Privatautonomie’ of the individual has been established in German private law. Later, in the 19th century, the term autonomy gained ground in the legal terminology of French private law, also thanks to the German emigrant Foelix. In the 20th century autonomy, not least thanks to German-speaking jurists who fled from the Nazis, became a legal term also used in the private law of the USA and Great Britain.
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Kertakova, Marija, Sonja Jordeva, and Jordan Efremov. "Analysis of the first autochthonous subculture in fashion history: Antimode style of "Incroyables" and "Marveilleuses"." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102048k.
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This scientific article is devoted to an extremely intriguing topic, so relevant among connoisseurs of fashion history and fashion costume (but not enough among ordinary fashion lovers) and is of great benefit to today's science, fashion and fashion industry, as it relates to the question of how socio-political events can greatly influence the construction of a completely new costume, radically different from the conventional one. One of the main goals of this scientific work is to reconsider and critically analyze the costumes of the most rebellious young people who lived in the late XVIII century. The so-called "Incroyables" and "Merveilleuses" emerged as the first autochthonous subculture in the history of fashion, contributing to fashion through the characteristic elements and variations of men's and women's costumes, thus defining a completely new social ideal of beauty, embodied and expressed with the help of fashionable women's and men's suits from this period. On the other hand, thanks to the knowledge and study of this new way and method of structuring the costume, the horizon is born in which it becomes clear how the new young people appeared after the second half of the 20th century, and the designers of the new age cleverly use accumulated historical material in their creative practice and embody the same in a way so characteristic of the spirit of the time. Due to the fact that fashion has various manifestations, I have also used cross-cultural research methods -attracting certain parts of sociology and structural and systematic analysis..
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Fülemile, Ágnes. "Social Change, Dress and Identity." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 65, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 107–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/022.2020.00007.
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The article, based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, studies the process of the disintegration of the traditional system of peasant costume in the 20th century in Hungary in the backdrop of its socio-historic context. There is a focused attention on the period during socialism from the late 1940s to the end of the Kádár era, also called Gulyás communism. In the examined period, the wearing and abandonment of folk costume in local peasant communities was primarily characteristic of women and an important part of women’s competence and decision-making. There was an age group that experienced the dichotomy of peasant heritage and the realities of socialist modernisation as a challenge in their own lifetime – which they considered a great watershed. The author interviewed both the last stewards of tradition who continued wearing costume for the rest of their lives and those who pioneered and implemented changes and abandoned peasant costume in favor of urban dress. The liminal period of change, the character and logic of the processes and motivations behind decision-making were still accessible in memory, and current dressing practices and the folklorism phenomena of the “afterlife” of costume could still be studied in real life. The study shows that costume was the focus point of women’s aspirations, attention, and life organization, and how the life paths of strong female personalities were articulated around clothing. It also reveals that there was a high level of self-awareness and strong emotional attachment in individual relationships to clothing in the rural context, similar to – or perhaps even exceeding – the fashion-conscious, individualized urban context. Examining the role of fashion, modernization, and individual decisions and attitudes in traditional clothing systems is an approach that bridges the mostly distinct study of folk costume and the problematics of dress and fashion history research.
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Koh, Won. "The Rise and Fall of Women’s Football in Britain, 1881-1921." Korea Association of World History and Culture 64 (September 30, 2022): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.09.64.231.
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This paper examines the early history of British women’s football from 1881 to 1921. The history of women’s football during this period has not yet been seriously studied by Korean historians. There are many people who do not even know the existence of women's football at the end of the 19th century. Many people believe that the football is traditionally a ‘men’s sport’ and that women have entered the male realm as women’s social activities have recently expanded. However, women’s football has a history as long as men’s football. Women’s football first appeared in Britain at the end of the 19th century, the dawn of modern football as we know it now, and developed with great popularity until the early 20th century. The early history of women’s football has significance not only for the history of sports but also for women. It is the women’s own efforts to change traditional perceptions of women and to improve the unfair situation that were the main driving force behind the development of women’s football in the 19th century. These efforts appeared even before the emergence of women’s own political struggles which claim to improve women’s social status and rights. A Study on the early history of women’s football will be of help in understanding the process of women forming themselves as modern subjects.(Kyung Hee University)
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Moldovan, Raluca. "Bitter Harvest: A Comparative Look at the British and American Presence in Afghanistan from the Great Game to the 2021 US Withdrawal." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 66, no. 2 (December 2021): 279–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2021.2.11.
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"The present article is built on the premise that both the British Empire in the 19th century (during its rivalry with Russia, known as the Great Game) and the United States in the 20th century treated Afghanistan as a means to an end in their quest to fulfil their strategic interests, without much concern for the country’s people, history and traditions, which ultimately contributed to their failure: Britain was forced to accept Afghanistan’s independence in 1919 at the end of the third Anglo-Afghan war, while the US withdrew its troops in August 2021, putting an end to what proved to be an unwinnable war. The article’s main body examines the British and American presence in Afghanistan through the lens of a historical comparison meant to highlight the similarities and differences in their approaches, while the conclusion contains a few lessons the US should learn from Afghanistan that might, ideally, inform its future interventionist strategies. Keywords: Afghanistan, Taliban, United States, Britain, Great Game. "
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Sagimbaev, A. V. "Concept of British Commonwealth in Activities of Round Table Group at Beginning of ХХ Century." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-449-462.
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Some aspects of the complex intellectual discussion that accompanied the transformation of the British colonial system at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Based on the analysis of published works, a generalized description of the conceptual views of the members of the “Round Table” group regarding the formation of the political and legal foundations of the British Commonwealth, as well as the development of close cooperation between Great Britain and self-governing dominions is given. At the same time, special attention is paid to the study of the practical significance of the ideas of A. Milner, L. Curtis and other intellectuals who were part of the group of intellectuals for transforming the forms and methods of managing the vast domains of the British crown. This transformation was due to a complex of factors of a socio-economic, political, moral and psychological nature, which Great Britain was forced to face in the first decades of the 20th century. It is noted that the changes that took place in the governing system of the largest colonial empire in history, among other things, contributed to the subsequent formation of mechanisms of international influence, which at the beginning of the 21st century were called “soft power”. It is shown that, on the other hand, in their theoretical constructions A. Milner and his followers strove to preserve the continuity of the ideology of imperialism, which gained popularity in the British establishment in the late Victorian period.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Costume Great Britain History 20th century"
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Alsabah, Mohammad. "Welfare Economics and Public Policy in Early 20th Century Great Britain." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1723.
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The Liberal welfare reforms were a series of bills passed in the British Parliament in the early twentieth-century. Initiated in response to a number of pressing economic and social issues, the Liberal welfare reforms were legislated with the purpose of combating poverty and improving the livelihood of the British working-class citizen. This thesis in economics outlines and examines critically the economic design behind the Liberal welfare reforms between 1906 and 1914.
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Tisdall, Laura Alison. "Teachers, teaching practice and conceptions of childhood in England and Wales, 1931-1967." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708670.
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Morehart, Miriam Corinne. ""Children Need Protection Not Perversion": The Rise of the New Right and the Politicization of Morality in Sex Education in Great Britain, 1968-1989." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2207.
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Two competing forms of sex education and the groups supporting them came to head in the 1970s and 1980s. Traditional sex education retained an emphasis on maintaining Christian-based morality through marriage and parenthood preparation that sex education originally held since the beginning of the twentieth century. Liberal sex education developed to openly discuss issues that reflected recent legal and social changes. This form reviewed controversial subjects including abortion, contraception and homosexuality. Though liberal sex education found support from national family planning organizations and Labour politicians, traditional sex education found a more vocal and powerful ally in the New Right.
This thesis explores the political emergence of the New Right in Great Britain during the 1970s and 1980s and how the group utilized sex education. The New Right, composed of moral pressure groups and Conservative politicians, focused on the supposed absence of traditional morality from the emergent liberal sex education. Labour (and liberal organizations) held little power in the 1980s due to internal party struggles and an insignificant parliamentary presence. This allowed the New Right to successfully pass multiple national reforms. The New Right latched onto liberal sex education as demonstrative of the moral decline of Britain and utilized its emergence of a prime example of the need to reform education and local government.
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Walters, Jennifer. "Magical revival : occultism and the culture of regeneration in Britain, c. 1880-1929." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/323.
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This thesis is a cultural study of the Magical Revival that occurred in Britain, 1880-1929. Magical Revival denotes a period in the history of occultism, and the cultural history of Britain, during which an upsurge in interest in occult and magical ideas is marked by the emergence of newly-formed societies dedicated to the exploration of the occult, and into its bearing on life. Organisations discussed are the Theosophical Society, the Golden Dawn, and the less well known Astrum Argentum. ‘Magical Revival’ has further significance as the principal, but overlooked, aim of those societies and individuals was regeneration. Scholarship on late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century occultism is influenced by a longstanding preference for the esoteric over the exoteric aspects of occultism. It has tended to emphasise themes of abstraction, the psychological, and the esoteric, and has promulgated a view of occultism as static and impervious. From the outset, however, this thesis argues that approaching the Magical Revival from the purview of the esoteric is limiting, and that it screens its own significant themes and affinities with mainstream culture. It suggests that what needs to be prepared is a study which reads occultism with a close attention to its own terms of engagement and description. This is the aim of this thesis. The thesis offers a way of reading the occult activity of the period that privileges its exotericism. It seeks to pursue the links between an identifiable culture of occultism and conventional cultural discourses and activities towards an understanding of the movement as one actively constituting itself and producing, rather than obscuring, knowledge in relation to the social and cultural moment from which it arose. The occult topics and tendencies identified include evolution; ceremonial magic and astral travel; the body in occultism; and the nature of the occult experience. Others include the life and medical sciences; the philosophy of religion; and physical culture. The following questions underpin the thesis: In what ways did the Magical Revival connect with contemporary concerns? What does its activities, written records, literary and other material productions reveal about the nature of those connections? What does a closer attention to the textual and lived culture of the Magical Revival contribute to existing understanding of its place in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century culture? In answering those questions the thesis proposes that, in its systematic identification and addressing of cultural and social needs, general and specific, the Magical Revival should be viewed as closer to the social mainstream than is presently appreciated. Moreover, that the occultists’ efforts towards individual and cultural regeneration, take place within a broader cultural movement away from social thought dominated by degeneration, towards thinking directed towards regeneration.
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Jones, Alexander David. "Pinchbeck regulars? : the role and organisation of the Territorial Army, 1919-1940." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38dc5164-f858-4bba-9bfb-a1c4b4a59550.
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This thesis examines how Britain's government and military establishment conceptualised the role of the voluntary Territorial Army (TA) between the World Wars, and explores the relationship with British defence policy during the period. It also evaluates whether or not the TA was capable of carrying out its ascribed role, through a balanced assessment of its organisation, training and military efficiency. It posits that the TA was integral to British defence planning and played a key part in the Army's mobilisation plans, although the priority given to its role shifted throughout the period in accordance with the direction of Britain's strategic focus. Additionally, this thesis will emphasise that the Territorial Army had not one purpose but several. Alongside its central function as the framework for a conscript National Army it held key responsibilities for both home and imperial defence. This thesis examines the TA's role and organisation in a thematic and broadly chronological manner. Part I deals with the TA's expeditionary role and its function as the framework for all future military expansion, as well as its role as a voluntary imperial reserve for any medium scale wars conducted without resorting to conscription. Part II focuses on the Territorial Army's home defence responsibilities, in particular its domestic role in aiding the civil power and its contribution to Britain's increasingly important air defence capabilities.
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Brydon, Thomas Robert Craig. "Poor, unskilled and unemployed : perceptions of the English underclass, 1889-1914." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32900.
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From the families of dockside London to the cautious cabinets of the Edwardian 'new liberals,' the search was on, after 1889, for a class of men Charles Booth characterized as so low in moral character as to require elimination from society-at-large. Responding as best they could, the poorest third of England's workers attempted desperately, yet usually failed, to avoid the stigma of the 'loafer' as they weathered economic downturn, increased policing, the fallout of deskilling, and the hatred and hysteria of a society, particularly in the wake of the Boer War, that refused them the status even of 'men'. In laws and literature, England's reforming and governing classes found their answers in Idealism, a philosophical movement taking progressive, moderate and labour leaders under its fold, and encouraging an understanding of poverty, and responses to it, on the basis of character alone. Piecemeal programmes and partial remedies for a host of principally urban, predominantly working-class social problems were the result, and they point---in a period of ostensibly 'progressive' housing and unemployment reform---to a disturbing, quasi-authoritarian policy demanding nothing less than social apartheid.
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Vo, Quyen. "The scope of British refugee asylum, 1933-93." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609586.
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Makin, Dorothy. "Policy making in secondary education : evidence from two local authorities 1944-1972." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f976f873-c5c2-493a-87ab-1fa7ef8e4e19.
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The 1944 Butler Act laid the legal foundations for a new secondary education system in England, one which would see all children entitled to free and compulsory schooling up to the age of 15. The Act therefore represented a bold step forward in the pursuit of a fairer society: expanding access to training and qualifications, while promoting a more equal distribution of educational opportunities. This thesis explores the process of constructing and delivering secondary education policy in England following the 1944 Butler Education Act. It offers a close examination of two Local Education Authorities- Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire- exploring how they interpreted and implemented 'secondary education for all' after the Second World War. The dissertation is composed of two parts: Part One looks at how selective secondary schooling was developed and operated in the respective areas between 1945 and 1962; Part Two explores the response of both authorities to the prospect of reforming secondary education after 1962. By exploring the process of policy implementation after 1944, Part One of this thesis highlights the problems of delivering secondary education for all in an era of resource constraint. It is demonstrated in this thesis that Local Authority capacity to build new schools was firmly tethered to Ministerial control. The relatively low priority accorded to education created a decade-long delay between the announcement of policy change and its eventual delivery. The implications of this delay at the Local Authority and school level are explored in chapters three and six. Chapters four and seven question how resources were distributed between selective and non-selective school sectors, while chapters five and eight evaluate the treatment of selective education within each authority, asking how policy makers conceived of, and operated, the grammar school and secondary modern sectors. Part Two of this thesis turns to the question of secondary organisation. Debates surrounding the question of comprehensive rather than selective systems of secondary schooling dominated discussions about secondary education policy in the later twentieth century. When it came to comprehensive re-organisation, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire opted for different paths: Oxfordshire adopted comprehensive schooling relatively early with a remarkable degree of county-wide consensus, while Buckinghamshire fiercely resisted external and internal pressure to reform. Chapter ten of this thesis is devoted to identifying the drivers of comprehensive reform in Oxfordshire. Chapters eleven and twelve explore the Buckinghamshire story establishing how and then why this county successfully held-out against wholesale policy change.
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Tan, Hock Beng. "The changing character of research associations in the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1989 and beyond." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25420.
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The main purpose of this study has been to establish the chanoino character of the RAs (Research Associations) in the UK from 1970 to 1989 and beyond. The last major piece of research carried out on the RAs was the Bessborough Report which was undertaken in 1972. One of the main problems encountered was the availability of secondary data on the RAs. Most of the data, especiall y statistical ones, had to be generated from primary sources e.g. Annual Reports of RAs, internal papers of RAs and interviews. Consequently, a great amount of time and effort went into the accumulation of data. The thesis is divided into five parts. Part 1 consists of the research methodology. Part 2 and 3 provide the necessary background information in order to map out the changes in the RAs over the two decades. Part 4 forms the core of the thesis and it presents the results of the research model used. Part 5 presents the conclusions and recommendations of the study.
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Tang, Kung. "The Search for Order and Liberty : The British Police, the Suffragettes, and the Unions, 1906-1912." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279136/.
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From 1906 to 1912 the British police contended with the struggles of militant suffragettes and active unionists. In facing the disturbances associated with the suffragette movement and union mobilization, the police confronted the dual problems of maintaining the public order essential to the survival and welfare of the kingdom while at the same time assuring to individuals the liberty necessary for Britain's further progress. This dissertation studies those police activities in detail.
Books on the topic "Costume Great Britain History 20th century"
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Morgan, Kenneth O. Twentieth-century Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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The British Army in the 20th century. London: I. Allan, 1985.
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Britain in the Twentieth Century. London ; New York: Routledge, 2003.
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Britain in transition: The twentieth century. 4th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
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1938-, Leventhal F. M., ed. Twentieth-century Britain: An encyclopedia. New York: Garland Pub., 1995.
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McGraw, Kathi Frances. T.E. Lawrence: A 20th century retrospective. [Summerduck, Va.]: Andrew Carvely Corp., 1998.
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Edmund, Swinglehurst, ed. Britain: Yesterday & today. London: Carlton, 2008.
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The crafts in Britain in the 20th century. [New Haven]: Published for the Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts by Yale University Press, 1999.
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Twentieth-century Britain: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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Nineteenth-century Britain, 1815-1914. Oxford, England: Blackwell Education, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Costume Great Britain History 20th century"
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"Institutionalisation and the History of Psychical Research in Great Britain in the 20th Century." In Okkultismus im Gehäuse, 133–48. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110466638-005.
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Loewenau, Aleksandra. "Between resentment and aid: German and Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist refugees in Great Britain since 1933." In Forced Migration in the History of 20th Century Neuroscience and Psychiatry, 33–47. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315187877-3.
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Haltrin-Khalturina, Elena V. "From the English Renaissance Literary History: Sherry, Puttenham, Spenser, and Shakespeare on Fictions." In “The History of Literature”: Non-scientific sources of a scientific genre, 132–58. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0684-0-132-158.
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A survey of academic histories of literature published in the 19th and 20th centuries in different countries reveals that, while thoroughly covering the English Renaissance poetics, the scholarship allows for a variety of views on Tudor literary theory and on what constitutes literary canon. Considering this variety of views, we also have to be aware of two different perspectives on the large body of literary art of the 16th-century: the present-day and the Elizabethan. Drawing on a substantial number of sources, we offer a general account of influential theoretical (poetological and rhetorical) works known in the 16th-century Great Britain, including those written in English. Also of note are educational treatises, “mirror” literature, and metaliterary comments withing literary works. Authors of those treatises used to interpret fiction as something feigned, counterfeit — an attitude informing ludic passages in Spenser and Shakespeare. Whereas the techniques of fashioning fictions by way of employing figures of feigned/counterfeit representation were addressed in detail by such critics as R. Sherry and G. Puttenham, the poets — Spenser and Shakespeare — seemed to be testing these techniques in practice. Our study pays particular attention to methods used by Spenser and Shakespeare when creating simulated, fictional reality.
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Duke-Evans, Jonathan. "Conclusion." In An English Tradition?, 292–302. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859990.003.0014.
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Abstract In this book the history of fair play, both as a phrase and as a set of assumptions about the way people are entitled to be treated, has been traced over many centuries. Here the book’s main themes and conclusions are set out: the precursors in ancient Greece and Rome, the traditions of epic heroism and medieval chivalry, the flourishing of a popular strand of fair play, the unexpectedly central role of Scotland, the development of the great team games, the widening scope of the obligations of fair play, and the 20th-century decline. The idea that fair play is indeed a British quality does rest on a strong basis, and, while its origins go back deep into the Middle Ages, the reasons why it developed as it did are strongly linked with the—in relative terms—low barriers of status in early modern Britain. The phrase may have come to seem a little passé in recent decades, largely because of the way in which it was appropriated in the 19th and early 20th centuries by elites whose ways of thinking have had their day; but the underlying idea still matters enormously and retains its hold as the world faces new threats in the 21st century.