Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cost surface analysis'
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Bradley, Cecil D. "A statistical analysis of Surface Escort cost estimation/." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23407.
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This study investigates the relationship of the component weights of US Navy Surface Escort Ships and their corresponding costs of construction. The procedures of various US Navy agencies who conduct Surface Ship Costing are described, with emphasis upon the method followed by COMNAVSEASYSCOM, Washington D.C.. A statistical analysis is provided which focuses upon multiple linear regression techniques applied to the weight/cost relationship. Additionally, the research includes the investigation of non-weight explanatory variable contribution to the various regression models. The analysis concludes that linear relationships do exist between the variables. The statistical evidence provided suggests that linear regression provides equivalent results to non-linear logarithmic transformation of the dependent cost variable. Further, the analysis indicates that the inclusion of non-weight dummy variables, such as contract type for vessel construction, enhance models with strictly weight explanatory variables. The models developed herein lack the precision demanded of budgetary cost estimating. However, the equations will generate point estimates that may add credence to existing methods, especially within concept formulation or tradeoff studies. Keywords: Cost estimation, Surface ship cost estimation, Statistical analysis of ship costing, Theses. (SDW)
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Skinner, Walter Mark. "A cost and operational effectiveness analysis of alternative anti-surface warfare platforms." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA268519.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1993.Thesis advisor(s): Michael G. Sovereign ; Joseph G. San Miguel. "June 1993." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Sturm, Joseph P. "Analysis of cost estimation disclosure in environmental impact statements for surface transportation projects." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202501316/.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Clemson University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 57 p. ; also includes graphics (chiefly col.). Contains 2 additional supplemental files.
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Perry, Ryan M., and Nicholas R. Russo. "Naval Surface Forces Real-Time Reutilization Asset Management Warehouses: a cost-benefit analysis." Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10318.
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MBA Professional ReportThis research examines the NAVAL SURFACE FORCES Real-Time Reutilization Asset Management Warehouse operations, associated costs, and benefits it provides the Navy. Our methodology is to utilize established cost-benefit analysis techniques in order to provide the Navy with information to determine whether the benefits of storing, inventorying and providing free issue parts to customers are worth the costs of operating and maintaining the warehouses. The objective is to focus on total warehouse operating costs and compare these costs to the savings the Navy receives through storing and providing the repair parts. The results can help decision makers determine if the warehouse operations are beneficial as is, should be remodeled to increase benefits, or simply do not cover the associated costs. The research concluded that the warehouses generate an annual cost avoidance of $4 8 million, direct revenue of $5 million, and fill 2,300 high-priority requisitions.
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Perry, Ryan Russo Nicholas. "Naval Surface Forces Real-Time Reutilization Asset Management Warehouses a cost-benefit analysis /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FPerry%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008."Advisor(s): Euske, Kenneth ; Wagner, Brett. "December 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-54). Also available in print.
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Buzon, Carlos D. "Cost/benefit analysis of Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet's Supply Maintenance Training Team." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28078.
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Gavino, Christopher C. "Cost effectiveness analysis of the "Sea to SWOS" training initiative on the Surface Warfare Officer qualification process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FGavino.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.Thesis advisor(s): William R. Gates, William D. Hatch II. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73). Also available online.
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Young, Eric Coy. "Naval Reserve Force : cost and benefit analysis of reducing the number of Naval Surface Reserve Force operating budget holders /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341005.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997."December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Katsuaki L. Terasawa. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86). Also available online.
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Miletic, Martin, and Andreas Samuelsson. "Life cycle cost analysis -With focus on the floor types, linoleum and vinyl with or without PUR reinforced surface." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3198.
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The flooring industry is a market that constantly changing every year with new products and improvements. The purpose of this report is to uncover which of the floors, linoleum and vinyl with or without PUR reinforced surface has the lowest life cycle cost for the customer over a 30-year period. The scope of the study is to investigate the three different floors in the public sector in Sweden, Norway, and Finland. A similar study was made many years ago where remarkable result was uncovered. The way used to determining the result in this study is made by two different methods within the LCC. The LCC calculations in this study are based on the primary data collections; qualitative interviews, time study, and observations. Secondary data have also been used in the report. When a customer invests in a floor there are three major costs purchasing, installation, and maintenance. Maintenance will ultimately be the biggest cost because it extends over the entire life cycle while the others are two fixed costs. The analysis uncover that the amount of water and chemical usage to maintain the floors has reduced since the old study. The consumption that has increased is the energy, a result from the increase usage of cleaning machines in the public sector. The most profitable floor to invest in is the vinyl with PUR reinforced surface. This floor has in Sweden and Norway a higher purchasing price than linoleum and vinyl without PUR reinforced surface but in the long run (30 years) its total life cycle cost are lesser than the two others. If the public sector in Sweden invests in a vinyl floor with reinforced PUR surface instead of a vinyl without PUR, the life cycle cost at a hospital or municipality will be reduced by 16,3 percent.
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Gouws, Johan. "The cost benefit analysis of reclamation strategies used in surface coal mining to ensure sustainable post-mining land use." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97326.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, a cost benefit analysis was done to determine the best possible methods for postmining reclamation. A comparison was made between a conventional method with additional organic material added to the soil and a Backgrounding method where cattle are reared on the land. The best method, according to the financial model that was built, was the method of Backgrounding cattle on the rehabilitated land. The main reason for this outcome may be due to the fact that the meat that is produced is a high value product. It might not be practically applicable to mines at this stage, but the calculation provides an insight into the possibilities that reclaimed mine land holds for the agricultural industry.
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Nosal, David E. "An analysis of the proposed Surface Warfare Officer Career Incentive Pay (SWOCIP) program using the Annualized Cost of Leaving (ACOL) model." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7943.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis investigates the effect of the proposed Surface Warfare Officer Career Incentive Pay (SWOCIP) program on the voluntary separation behavior of Navy surface warfare officers using an Annualized Cost of Leaving (ACOL) model. Data provided by the Center for Naval Analyses and the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC), Monterey CA, on surface warfare officers are used for this analysis. Multivariate predict models are estimated to predict the effects of the proposed SWOCIP program on the voluntary retention rate of surface warfare officers between six and ten years of service. These estimates are used to calculate the costs and benefits of the SWOCIP program. This thesis finds that the SWOCIP program would increase the voluntary retention rate by 2. 62 percent in the sixth year of service and 1.16 percent in the seventh year of service. The effect would decrease between eight and ten years of service. The calculated savings in accessions are greater then the estimated bonus cost. These calculations indicate, therefore, that the program is cost-effective
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An, Jeong-Hwa. "Le choix d'un système de transport durable : analyse comparative des systèmes de transport guidé de surface." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1133/document.
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Le choix d'un système de transport guidé de surface exploité en site propre (TCSP) est un travail complexe et difficile. Les différents systèmes peuvent sembler offrir des services équivalents pour les utilisateurs tandis que manquent souvent les informations nécessaires pour mieux distinguer les différences entre tel ou tel système. L'objectif de cette recherche vise, au-delà d'une présentation des différents systèmes guidés de surface qui structurent les réseaux de transport public en France, à procéder à une analyse comparative afin de mieux guider les choix des collectivités territoriales, dans le contexte des efforts qu'elles conduisent pour promouvoir des transports urbains répondant aux enjeux du développement durable. Les avantages et points faibles de chaque système est analysé et présenté de manière désagrégée. De manière complémentaire, est proposée et discutée une méthode multicritère ELECTRE III permettant d'agréger les résultats obtenus et de proposer le (ou les) système(s) le(s) mieux adapté(s) à différents contextes d'exploitation. Le résultat principal met en évidence le fait que le tramway moderne sur fer occupe une place privilégiée dans la majorité des scenarii. Cependant, le CIVIS, le Translohr, TVR et même le trolleybus ont leur place selon le contexte d'exploitation, dès lors en particulier que sont pris en compte les coûts d'infrastructure et d'exploitation associés. Les résultats de cette recherche nous encouragent en outre à recommander, chaque fois qu'il y a un projet de système de transport de surface, de passer en revue la gamme des systèmes et d'effectuer l'analyse comparative avec les différentes contraintes du lieu et du moment, en y intégrant une vision de moyen et long terme et les effets prévisibles sur l'aménagement urbainThe choice of a guided surface transit system operated on separated RoW is a complex and difficult task. Even if different transit systems could provide equivalent services to users, we often lack the necessary information to better distinguish among different systems. Beyond giving a presentation of different surface guided systems structuring the public transport networks in France, the aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis in order to better guide decisions of local authorities in their efforts to promote urban transport that meets the challenges of sustainable development. The advantages and the drawbacks of each system are analyzed and presented in a disaggregated way. In addition, a multicriteria method ELECTRE III is proposed and discussed for aggregating the results and proposing system(s) best suited for different operating conditions. The main result shows that the modern tramway on rail occupies a privileged place in most scenarios. However, the CIVIS, Translohr, TVR and even trolleybuses have their places with respect to operating conditions, given that the related infrastructure and operating costs are taken into account. The results of this research therefore encourage us to recommend, every time we propose a surface transit system, to review the whole range of systems and to do the comparative analysis with different context and time constraints integrating mid-term and long-term visions and predictable effects on the urban requalification
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Konečný, Jan. "Analýza cen zámečnických konstrukcí v ceně objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227037.
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The first part of this master’s thesis, which is more theoretical, contains information relating to prices in general, construction budgets, cost calculation of construction works and materials and costs. In the second part describes the use of materials and their properties, surface treatment and analysis of selected locksmith constructions.
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Khalil, Kamal. "Water surface profile modelling for Pinjarra flood diversion channel and economic evaluation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2455.
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Shire of Murray has concerns regarding the negative impact that a 100 year flood could have on existing structures built before 1997. The increase cost in construction due to landfill has an adverse effect on development in Pinjarra. Feasibility of constructing a diversion channel at upstream of Murray River to attenuate the flood level from 1 in 100 year ARI to 1 in 50 year ARI, was investigated by Kiong (2003). The Murray River Water Surface Profile along three kilometres south of Greenlands Road was modelled. Flood damages on each flood occurrence were assessed and Average Annual Damage (AAD) was calculated. The AAD is used to estimate the monetary benefit against the construction cost of the diversion channel. Groundwater along Greenlands and Fauntleroy Drains was also modelled to determine the viable depth of the designed channel, as well as the analysis of backwater. The proposed channel is designed at different scenarios (invert level at breakout point, culvert or causeway design, and diversion channel variations). The benefit cost ratio of the proposed diversion channel is calculated. Other mitigation options are suggested including detention basins for structural measure, or building a new flood-proof township for non-structural measure.
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Khalil, Kamal. "Water surface profile modelling for Pinjarra flood diversion channel and economic evaluation." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17589.
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Shire of Murray has concerns regarding the negative impact that a 100 year flood could have on existing structures built before 1997. The increase cost in construction due to landfill has an adverse effect on development in Pinjarra. Feasibility of constructing a diversion channel at upstream of Murray River to attenuate the flood level from 1 in 100 year ARI to 1 in 50 year ARI, was investigated by Kiong (2003). The Murray River Water Surface Profile along three kilometres south of Greenlands Road was modelled. Flood damages on each flood occurrence were assessed and Average Annual Damage (AAD) was calculated. The AAD is used to estimate the monetary benefit against the construction cost of the diversion channel. Groundwater along Greenlands and Fauntleroy Drains was also modelled to determine the viable depth of the designed channel, as well as the analysis of backwater. The proposed channel is designed at different scenarios (invert level at breakout point, culvert or causeway design, and diversion channel variations). The benefit cost ratio of the proposed diversion channel is calculated. Other mitigation options are suggested including detention basins for structural measure, or building a new flood-proof township for non-structural measure.
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Astolfi, Armando. "SURFACE AND MECHANISTIC PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/365683.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Problem
Often, when the characteristics of a bituminous mixture are analised, there are major differences between in-lab and in-situ results. This is due to the fact that the procedures and techniques implemented during the design phase (in lab) may be different from those used on site. Then, is very important to be able to predict the main properties of a mixture particularly when innovative materials are used. For example, when crumb rubber is used, phisical and volumetric properties of mixes may change over time, in particular due to the swelling phenomenon that it alters different properties of the mixture (e.g., viscosity). This study aims to investigate the main aspects of road pavement design in order to improve the performance of innovative mixes.
Objectives and scopes
The main objectives of this thesis are:
• Ob. 1 – To set up models for the prediction of surface characteristics of conventional and innovative road pavements.
• Ob. 2 – To design innovative bituminous mixtures with crumb rubber.
• Ob. 3 – To analyse the consequences related to Life Cycle Cost Analysis deriving from the application of different pavement design methods.
Description
This thesis intends to investigate the superficial and mechanical properties of conventional and innovative road pavements. The thesis contains a collection of experiments related to: i) laboratory-based study of the surface properties of road pavement; ii) laboratory-based study of the mechanical properties of road pavement and; iii) determination of expected life and pay adjustment.
Conclusions
The main conclusions of this thesis are:
• Macro- and microtexture test can be explained and predicted based on simple physical and geometric models. In lab- measures can be related to the corresponding measures on real pavements.
• The variation of viscosity over time is linked to the swelling process of the rubber. The order of components in the asphalt plant does not have significant effects on viscosity.
• Short-time oven aging (STOA) and interrupted compaction process entail a worse compaction of mixes.
• CRT2 mixes are usually easier to compact and are the most resistant to permanent deformation.
• STOA effects are more evident than interrupted compaction effects in terms of compactability, workability, stiffness and rutting.
• Rubberised mixes are easier to compact, when STOA process is applied. They have higher stiffness and a better resistance to permanent deformation.
• Regard to the variables under investigation (e.g., AV), AASHTO, KenPave, MnPAVE and, M-EPDG have a similar trend in terms of expected lives.
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Boenisch, Kurt P. Cervantes Hector A. Clark Andrew J. Espe Jesse G. Lohrke Erik B. "A cost effectiveness analysis of using alternate materials for non-skid in shipboard applications /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FBoenisch.pdf.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003."MBA professional report."--Cover. Joint authors: Kurt P. Boenisch, Hector A. Cervantes, Andrew J. Clark IV, Jesse G. Espe, and Erik B. Lohrke. Thesis advisor(s): John Mutty, Raymond Franck. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). Also available online.
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Gherdevich, Davide. "L'analisi spaziale come strumento per la ricostruzione della viabilità medievale nel Friuli Venezia Giulia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3139.
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2007/2008La ricerca mira a dare un contributo significativo alla ricostruzione della viabilità antica, di epoca romana e soprattutto di epoca medievale. La ricostruzione della rete viaria è stata effettuata attraverso apposite applicazioni di analisi spaziale contenute nei software GIS, in particolare è stata utilizzata la Cost Surface Analysis e la Line of Sight. Spesso la ricostruzione della rete viaria e resa alquanto difficile, sopratutto in territori che sono stati soggetti a bonifiche , culture intensive o a dissesti idrogeologici, in queste zone il dato archeologico è spesso mancante o parziale, ed è in questi casi che la tecnologia GIS, e più precisamente l'analisi spaziale, può aiutare a ricostruire il tracciato viario e fornire nuovi dati che possono essere usati per ulteriori analisi o per confutare e consolidare delle tesi o delle ipotesi. Le elaborazioni spaziali sono tecniche di simulazione finalizzate a classificare, rappresentare e interpretare il paesaggio archeologico, in micro o macro scala, sulla base delle relazioni spaziali e diacroniche che intercorrono fra elementi antropici, naturali, ambientali e, in parte, secondo fattori socio politici. L’analisi spaziale fa misurazioni e ha l’obiettivo di definire un quadro di riferimento all’interno del quale realizzare osservazioni. In particolare il cost surface analysis calcola l'energia consumata da un individuo che si sposta da un punto ad un altro; questo tipo di analisi ci consente non solo di valutare le percorrenze, ma anche ricostruire le strade ed i percorsi di un paesaggio antico. L’altra analisi che abbiamo effettuato e la line of sight o anche Viewshed analysis; calcola il campo visuale umano sulla base delle caratteristiche morfologiche ed ambientali del territorio, e le relazioni spaziali tra i siti all'interno del paesaggio. Le zone da me prese in considerazione per effettuare le prime analisi sono il territorio tra Gemona, Ragogna e Spilinbergo e la provincia di Trieste. Nel primo caso, dopo una prima fase di raccolta dei dati, la nostra attenzione si è concentrata sul tentativo di ricostruire la viabilità di epoca romana e medievale nella zona di trovare il possibile punto di guado sul fiume Tagliamento ed infine verificare se i castelli avessero o meno il controllo sulla rete viaria e sul guado. Per dare una risposta a queste domande abbiamo effettuato prevalentemente due tipi di analisi: il cost surface analysis e il line of sight. Come secondo caso di studio abbiamo analizzato la viabilità, soprattutto di epoca medievale, che attraversava una particolare zona della provincia triestina: la Val Rosandra. Ci siamo riproposti di ricostruire la viabilità nella zona e di confrontarla con i dati storici ed archeologici ed inoltre di verificare se vi era la possibilità di una viabilità principale che attraversasse la valle. Infine abbiamo confrontato i risultati ottenuti con la cartografia storica ed in particolare il rilievo cartografico Giuseppino di fine ‘700. In un ultima fase abbiamo controllato numerose foto aeree, concentrandoci sulla zona comprese tra Osoppo e san Daniele, alla ricerca di possibili anomalie collegabili alla viabilità. I voli visionati sono diversi:volo GAI 1954, Volo IGM 1971, volo R.A.F. 1976 a bassa quota e ad alta quota, volo E.N.E.L. 1976, volo CGR 1986, volo CGR 1998. Una prima analisi ci ha permesso di rilevare diverse possibili anomalie nella zona ad est di Osoppo, a sud di Ragogna e presso san Daniele.
XXI Ciclo
1977
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Schiek, Cara Gina. "Characterizing the deformation of reservoirs using interferometry, gravity, and seismic analyses." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Murekatete, Rachel Mundeli. "An Analysis of Consequences of Land Evaluation and Path Optimization." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235687.
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Planners who are involved in locational decision making often use raster-based geographic information systems (GIS) to quantify the value of land in terms of suitability or cost for a certain use. From a computational point of view, this process can be seen as a transformation of one or more sets of values associated with a grid of cells into another set of such values through a function reflecting one or more criteria. While it is generally anticipated that different transformations lead to different ‘best’ locations, little has been known on how such differences arise (or do not arise). Examples of such spatial decision problems can be easily found in the literature and many of them concern the selection of a set of cells (to which the land use under consideration is allocated) from a raster surface of suitability or cost depending on context. To facilitate GIS’s algorithmic approach, it is often assumed that the quality of the set of cells can be evaluated as a whole by the sum of their cell values. The validity of this assumption must be questioned, however, if those values are measured on a scale that does not permit arithmetic operations. Ordinal scale of measurement in Stevens’s typology is one such example. A question naturally arises: is there a more mathematically sound and consistent approach to evaluating the quality of a path when the quality of each cell of the given grid is measured on an ordinal scale? The thesis attempts to answer the questions highlighted above in the context of path planning through a series of computational experiments using a number of random landscape grids with a variety of spatial and non-spatial structures. In the first set of experiments, we generated least-cost paths on a number of cost grids transformed from the landscape grids using a variety of transformation parameters and analyzed the locations and (weighted) lengths of those paths. Results show that the same pair of terminal cells may well be connected by different least-cost paths on different cost grids though derived from the same landscape grid and that the variation among those paths is affected by how given values are distributed in the landscape grid as well as by how derived values are distributed in the cost grids. Most significantly, the variation tends to be smaller when the landscape grid contains more distinct patches of cells potentially attracting or distracting cost-saving passage or when the cost grid contains a smaller number of low-cost cells. The second set of experiments aims to compare two optimization models, minisum and minimax (or maximin) path models, which aggregate the values of the cells associated with a path using the sum function and the maximum (or minimum) function, respectively. Results suggest that the minisum path model is effective if the path search can be translated into the conventional least-cost path problem, which aims to find a path with the minimum cost-weighted length between two terminuses on a ratio-scaled raster cost surface, but the minimax (or maximin) path model is mathematically sounder if the cost values are measured on an ordinal scale and practically useful if the problem is concerned not with the minimization of cost but with the maximization of some desirable condition such as suitability.Planerare som arbetar bland annat med att fatta beslut som hänsyftar till vissa lokaler använder ofta rasterbaserade geografiska informationssystem (GIS) för att sätta ett värde på marken med avseende på lämplighet eller kostnad för en viss användning. Ur en beräkningssynpunkt kan denna process ses som en transformation av en eller flera uppsättningar värden associerade med ett rutnät av celler till en annan uppsättning sådana värden genom en funktion som återspeglar ett eller flera kriterier. Medan det generellt förväntas att olika omvandlingar leder till olika "bästa" platser, har lite varit känt om hur sådana skillnader uppstår (eller inte uppstår). Exempel på sådana rumsliga beslutsproblem kan lätt hittas i litteraturen och många av dem handlar om valet av en uppsättning celler (som markanvändningen övervägs tilldelas) från en rasteryta av lämplighet eller kostnad beroende på kontext. För att underlätta GISs algoritmiska tillvägagångssätt antas det ofta att kvaliteten på uppsättningen av celler kan utvärderas som helhet genom summan av deras cellvärden. Giltigheten av detta antagande måste emellertid ifrågasättas om dessa värden mäts på en skala som inte tillåter aritmetiska transformationer. Användning av ordinal skala enligt Stevens typologi är ett exempel av detta. En fråga uppstår naturligt: Finns det ett mer matematiskt sunt och konsekvent tillvägagångssätt för att utvärdera kvaliteten på en rutt när kvaliteten på varje cell i det givna rutnätet mäts med ordinalskala? Avhandlingen försöker svara på ovanstående frågor i samband med ruttplanering genom en serie beräkningsexperiment med hjälp av ett antal slumpmässigt genererade landskapsnät med en rad olika rumsliga och icke-rumsliga strukturer. I den första uppsättningen experiment genererade vi minsta-kostnad rutter på ett antal kostnadsnät som transformerats från landskapsnätverket med hjälp av en mängd olika transformationsparametrar, och analyserade lägen och de (viktade) längderna för dessa rutter. Resultaten visar att samma par ändpunkter mycket väl kan vara sammanbundna med olika minsta-kostnad banor på olika kostnadsraster härledda från samma landskapsraster, och att variationen mellan dessa banor påverkas av hur givna värden fördelas i landskapsrastret såväl som av hur härledda värden fördelas i kostnadsrastret. Mest signifikant är att variationen tenderar att vara mindre när landskapsrastret innehåller mer distinkta grupper av celler som potentiellt lockar eller distraherar kostnadsbesparande passage, eller när kostnadsrastret innehåller ett mindre antal låg-kostnad celler. Den andra uppsättningen experiment syftar till att jämföra två optimeringsmodeller, minisum och minimax (eller maximin) sökmodeller, vilka sammanställer värdena för cellerna som är associerade med en sökväg med summanfunktionen respektive maximum (eller minimum) funktionen. Resultaten tyder på att minisumbanemodellen är effektiv om sökningen av sökvägen kan översättas till det konventionella minsta kostnadsproblemet, vilket syftar till att hitta en väg med den minsta kostnadsvägda längden mellan två terminaler på en ratio-skalad rasterkostyta, men minimax (eller maximin) banmodellen är matematiskt sundare om kostnadsvärdena mäts i ordinär skala och praktiskt användbar om problemet inte bara avser minimering av kostnad men samtidigt maximering av någon önskvärd egenskap såsom lämplighet.
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Chee, Yenlai. "Remote sensing analysis of cratered surfaces Mars landing hazard assessment, comparison to terrestrial crater analogs, and Mars crater dating models /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Hall, Gary M. "Analysis of Naval Surface Forces, Pacific afloat Intermediate Maintenance Activity Repair of other Vessel cost estimation procedures." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21653.
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"GIS-based cultural route heritage authenticity analysis and conservation support in cost-surface and visibility study approaches." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893854.
Full textAbstract:
He, Jie.Thesis submitted in: October 2008.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-236).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.xiii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- The Development of the Cultural Route Concept --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.2 --- The Delimitation of Heritage Definitions and Conservation --- p.5
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Shortcomings of Delimitations and Their Implementation in Cultural Routes --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Authenticity as a Subject of Investigation and Planning Support --- p.11
Chapter 1.3 --- Research Definition --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Significance of Study --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.15
Chapter 2.1 --- Cultural Route Heritage Disciplines and Protection Practices --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Theoretical and Methodological Investigations --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Delimitations and Case Studies --- p.17
Chapter 2.2 --- Routes and Associated Landscape Studies carried out by Archaeologists --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Archaeological Route Studies --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Landscape Archaeological Module and Cases --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Methodology and technology --- p.29
Chapter 2.3 --- "Landscape Archaeology and ,GIS applications" --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Landscape Archaeology through the Cognitive Paradigm --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Information Technology and GIS Support --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.3 --- GIS Support for Heritage --- p.33
Chapter 2.4 --- GIS for Cultural Resource Management --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Gap between Practice and Research --- p.35
Chapter 2.4.2 --- The Potential of GIS for Conservation Planning in CRM --- p.37
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Problems in Gonservation Planning Relating to Heritage Value --- p.39
Chapter 2.5 --- Perceptual Archaeology and GIS Applications. --- p.40
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Archaeological Yisibility --- p.41
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.47
Chapter 2.6 --- Problem-oriented Applications of Visibility and Cost-surface Analysis --- p.50
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Single Factor Approaches --- p.50
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Social and Cultural Interpretations --- p.52
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Path Studies --- p.53
Chapter 2.7 --- Visual Resource Management Researches by the Author --- p.54
Chapter 2.8 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.54
Chapter Chapter 3 --- SYSTEM DESIGN --- p.59
Chapter 3.1 --- Research Questions --- p.59
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Authenticity and the Reified Attributes --- p.60
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Definition of Attributes --- p.62
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Spatial Interrelationships --- p.65
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Functionalities --- p.67
Chapter 3.1.5 --- The Scale Issue --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Technical Potentials in GIS --- p.70
Chapter 3.2 --- The System Framework --- p.71
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Path Replication and Prediction --- p.73
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Control of Space --- p.77
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Cultural Landscapes in Cultural Route Spatial Analysis --- p.82
Chapter 3.3 --- Management and Delimitations --- p.85
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Allocations --- p.85
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Delimitations in Categories --- p.86
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.90
Chapter Chapter 4 --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.91
Chapter 4.1 --- Background Dataset. --- p.91
Chapter 4.1.1 --- DEM --- p.91
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Mapping Scales --- p.96
Chapter 4.1.3 --- "Historical Topography and Landscape Reconstruction," --- p.98
Chapter 4.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.102
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Movement Singulation --- p.103
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Path Selection --- p.105
Chapter 4.3 --- Cost Surface Modeling --- p.107
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Attributes Introduced --- p.108
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cost-Surface Model Making --- p.110
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Visibility as a Cost --- p.114
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Algorithms --- p.121
Chapter 4.3.5 --- rSpatial Control of Property --- p.128
Chapter 4.4 --- Technical Issues and Validation --- p.137
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Technical Issues of Visibility Studies --- p.138
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cost-Surface Analysis Conberns --- p.141
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Validations --- p.142
Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.143
Chapter Chapter 5 --- CASE STUDY OF THE GREAT WALL --- p.145
Chapter 5.1 --- Background --- p.145
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Previous Research --- p.145
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Great Wall Conservation --- p.149
Chapter 5.2 --- Case Study Design --- p.150
Chapter 5.3 --- Data Sources and Data Preparation --- p.151
Chapter 5.3.1 --- DEM --- p.151
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Historical Reconstructions --- p.156
Chapter 5.4 --- Large-scale Analyses --- p.162
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Cost-surface Modeling --- p.163
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Invasion and Defensive Interpretations --- p.166
Chapter 5.5 --- The Juyongguan Pass Study --- p.178
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Research Background --- p.181
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Facility Mapping and Viewshed Analysis --- p.181
Chapter 5.5.3 --- Movement Modeling --- p.191
Chapter 5.5.4 --- Analytical Results --- p.195
Chapter 5.6 --- Spatial Control and Delimitations of Juyongguan Pass Fortress --- p.201
Chapter 5.6.1 --- Spatial Control of the Great Wall --- p.201
Chapter 5.6.2 --- Juyongguan Pass Fortress Delimitations --- p.203
Chapter 5.7 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.209
Chapter Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION --- p.211
Chapter 6.1 --- Utility of the Proposed Study Scheme --- p.211
Chapter 6.1.1 --- The Theoretical Aspect --- p.211
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Methodological Aspect --- p.212
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Conservation Practice --- p.213
Chapter 6.2 --- Research Contributions and Limitations --- p.214
Chapter 6.3 --- Further Research --- p.215
REFERENCES --- p.219
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Rogers, Callie Sue. "Economic costs of conventional surface-water treatment: A case study of the Mcallen northwest facility." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2628.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional water treatment facilities are the norm for producing potable water for
U.S. metropolitan areas. Rapidly-growing urban populations, competing demands for
water, imperfect water markets, and uncertainty of future water supplies contribute to
high interests in alternative sources of potable water for many U.S. municipalities. In
situations where multiple supply alternatives exist, properly analyzing which alternative
is the most-economically efficient over the course of its useful life requires a sound
economic and financial analysis of each alternative using consistent methodology. This
thesis discusses such methodology and provides an assessment of the life-cycle costs of
conventional water treatment using actual data from an operating surface-water
treatment facility located in McAllen, Texas: the McAllen Northwest facility. This
facility has a maximum-designed operating capacity of 8.25 million gallons per day
(mgd), but due to required shutdown time and other limitations, it is currently operating
at 78% of the designed capacity (6.44 mgd). The economic and financial life-cycle costs associated with constructing and operating
the McAllen Northwest facility are analyzed using a newly-developed Excel
2 spreadsheet model, CITY H O ECONOMICS . Although specific results are applicable
only to the McAllen Northwest facility, the baseline results of $771.67/acre-foot (acft)/
yr {$2.37/1,000 gallons/yr} for this analysis provide insight regarding the life-cycle
costs for conventional surface-water treatment.
The baseline results are deterministic (i.e., noninclusive of risk/uncertainty about datainput
values), but are expanded to include sensitivity analyses with respect to several
critical factors including the facility’s useful life, water rights costs, initial construction
costs, and annual operations and maintenance, chemical, and energy costs. For example,
alternative costs for water rights associated with sourcing water for conventional
treatment facilities are considered relative to the assumed baseline cost of $2,300/ac-ft,
with results ranging from a low of $653.34/ac-ft/yr (when water rights are $2,000/ac-ft)
to a high of $1,061.83/ac-ft/yr (when water rights are $2,600/ac-ft). Furthermore,
modifications to key data-input parameters and results are included for a more consistent
basis of comparison to enable comparisons across facilities and/or technologies. The
modified results, which are considered appropriate to compare to other similarly
calculated values, are $667.74/ac-ft/yr {2.05/1,000 gallons/yr}.
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Cornelissen, Hermanus Stephanus. "An analysis of actual cost data for surface mine rehabilitation projects in South Africa and comparison with guideline values published by the Department of Mineral Resources." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26592.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science,In 2004, the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME, predecessor to the current Department of Mineral Resources - DMR) published a guideline to calculate the amount that a mining right holder would require for financial provision at mine closure. This research report reviews the guideline, specifically focussing on the “rules-based approach” for determining the quantum of financial provision. Some authors have recorded the misapplication of this guideline in practice and their research supports a conclusion that the guideline does not provide adequately for the real costs of mine closure. This research report makes a comparison between the DME guideline master rates for mine closure costs and actual tendered prices for those same elements of mine closure in the period from 2009 – 2016. The analysis of the actual tender prices for the various master- and component rates in comparison with the DME guideline rates delivered mixed results. While the actual tender values exceeded the guideline master rates in most cases, there were notable exceptions where the actual tender results lagged the master rates. The data obtained from the actual tender prices for mine rehabilitation projects by a third party suggests that the use of CPI to escalate mine rehabilitation costs was very quickly overtaken in reality by higher annual costs and rate increases for most of the DME guideline master rates that relate to surface mining. It means that the DME guideline master rates were not reflective of actual rehabilitation costs by the time that the use of the DME guideline was superseded by the publication of new regulations by the Department of Environmental Affairs in November 2017. Whilst no perfectly linear and distinct relationship could be deduced, the results broadly support the findings of several authors that the actual costs to rehabilitate a mine are much more than the DME guideline document would lead a mine to provide for. The application of a rules-based approach remains an exercise mired in controversy and with many potential inaccuracies. The new NEMA regulations for financial provision completely negate the need for a guideline and relevant State Departments and mining companies alike are consequently dependant on third parties to prepare closure cost estimates.
E.R. 2019
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ROW, JEFFREY. "Origins of genetic variation and population structure of foxsnakes across spatial and temporal scales." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6271.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the events and processes responsible for patterns of within species diversity, provides insight into major evolutionary themes like adaptation, species distributions, and ultimately speciation itself. Here, I combine ecological, genetic and spatial perspectives to evaluate the roles that both historical and contemporary factors have played in shaping the population structure and genetic variation of foxsnakes (Pantherophis gloydi).
First, I determine the likely impact of habitat loss on population distribution, through radio-telemetry (32 individuals) at two locations varying in habitat patch size. As predicted, individuals had similar habitat use patterns, but restricted movements to patches of suitable habitat at the more disturbed site. Also, occurrence records spread across a fragmented region were non-randomly distributed and located close to patches of usable habitat, suggesting habitat distribution limits population distribution.
Next, I combined habitat suitability modeling with population genetics (589 individuals, 12 microsatellite loci) to infer how foxsnakes disperse through a mosaic of natural and altered landscape features. Boundary regions between genetic clusters were comprised of low suitability habitat (e.g. agricultural fields). Island populations were grouped into a single genetic cluster suggesting open water presents less of a barrier than non-suitable terrestrial habitat. Isolation by distance models had a stronger correlation with genetic data when including resistance values derived from habitat suitability maps, suggesting habitat degradation limits dispersal for foxsnakes.
At larger temporal and spatial scales I quantified patterns of genetic diversity and population structure using mitochondrial (101 cytochrome b sequences) and microsatellite (816 individuals, 12 loci) DNA and used Approximate Bayesian computation to test competing models of demographic history. Supporting my predictions, I found models with populations which have undergone population size drops and splitting events continually had more support than models with small founding populations expanding to stable populations. Based on timing, the most likely cause was the cooling of temperatures and infilling of deciduous forest since the Hypisthermal. On a smaller scale, evidence suggested anthropogenic habitat loss has caused further decline and fragmentation. Mitochondrial DNA structure did not correspond to fragmented populations and the majority of foxsnakes had an identical haplotype, suggesting a past bottleneck or selective sweep.Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2011-01-11 10:40:52.476
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Mug-Villanueva, Moises. "Age determination of corvina reina (Cynoscion albus) in the Gulf of Nicoya, based on otolith surface readings and microincrement analysis." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37253.
Full textAbstract:
The corvina reina (Cynoscion albus) is an important part of the artisanal fishery
in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. Stock assessment on this sciaenid species has been
restricted to the use of length-based methods because of the lack of age data. Direct age
determination methodologies for tropical species often encounter serious difficulties
such as poorly defined hyaline and opaque zones and lack of adequate techniques of
ageing. This thesis presents the results of an age-determination study of Cynoscion
albus based on otolith surface readings and microincrement analysis. Age estimates
were obtained from counts of hyaline zones from surface readings using the light
microscope and from microincrement readings from cross sections of the otolith using
the scanning electron microscope. Validation of age estimates from surface readings
was based on a linear regression of the age estimates from surface readings on age
estimates from integrated daily increment readings. Growth of the otolith was studied
using linear and multivariate regression methods and the results were used to construct
multivariate models for prediction of age. Consistent estimates of age and fish growth
parameters were obtained from surface and microincrement analysis. This study showed
that Cynoscion albus is a slow-growing fish (K = 0.121) and reaches a large size (L∞ =
127.5 cm) and therefore is likely to suffer overfishing in the Gulf of Nicoya fishery.Graduation date: 1993
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Stegmayer, Carolin [Verfasser]. "Molecular analysis of the unconventional export machinery of HASPB, a component of the surface coat of Leishmania parasites / presented by Carolin Stegmayer." 2006. http://d-nb.info/983173974/34.
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"Asymptotic formulations for time-domain scattering by conducting surfaces and application to the transient analysis of reflector antennas." Tese, MAXWELL, 2001. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=1989:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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Krauß, Felix. "Combination of Borehole Seismic and Downhole Logging to Investigate the Vicinity of the COSC‑1 Borehole in Western Scandinavia." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23371.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Arbeit werden bohrlochseismsiche Messungen sowohl mit Bohrlochmessungen als auch mit oberflächenseismischen Messungen ausgewertet und verglichen um das bohrlochnahe Umfeld der Forschungsbohrung COSC-1 (Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides) zu beschreiben. Die bohrlochseismischen Daten zeigen deutlich hohe Reflektivität und seismische Anisotropie der erbohrten geologischen Einheit, der Seve-Decke. Diese Decke zeichnet sich durch einen häufigen Wechsel von mafischen und felsischen Gesteinen aus, welcher auch durch eine Clusteranalyse der Bohrlochmessungen deutlich wird. Die Ergebnisse der Clusteranalyse korrelieren gut mit den seismisch abgebildeten Untergrundstrukturen und den seismischen Geschwindigkeiten. Abschließend wurde die virtual source method als Beispiel der seismischen Interferometrie an einem Teildatensatz erfolgreich getestet. Mit dem Ansatz wurde eine künstliche Messgeometrie mit seismischen Quellen und Empfängern im Bohrloch erzeugt, welche eine gute Datenqualität aufzeigen.In this thesis, the vicinity of the scientific borehole COSC-1 (Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides) is investigated by the combination of a borehole seismic survey with downhole logging data and a surface seismic survey. The borehole seismic data show a significantly higher reflectivity and seismic anisotropy within the drilled geological unit, the Seve Nappe. This nappe is characterised by frequent changes of mafic and felsic lithologies that are also highlighted by a cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis correlate well with structures of the subsurface as imaged by the surface seismic survey and with seismic velocities. Additionally, the virtual source method as example for seismic interferometry is applied to a data subset. This approach created a virtual survey geometry with seismic sources and receivers within the borehole and a good data quality.