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Wang, YunTong. "Axiomatic cost sharing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0014/NQ52194.pdf.
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Sundararajan, Mukund. "Trade-offs in cost sharing /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Kotsialou, G. "Social context and cost-sharing in congestion games." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3010452/.
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Congestion games are one of the most prominent classes of games in non- cooperative game theory as they model a large collection of important applications in networks, such as selfish routing in traffic or telecommunications. For this reason, congestion games have been a driving force in recent research and my thesis lies on two major extensions of this class of games. The first extension considers congestion games embedded in a social network where players are not necessarily selfish and might care about others. We call this class social context congestion games and study how the social interactions among players affect it. In particular, we study existence of approximate pure Nash equilibria and our main result is the following. For any given set of cost functions, we provide a threshold value such that: for the class of social context congestion games with cost functions within the given set, sequences of improvement steps of players, are guaranteed to converge to an approximate pure Nash equilibrium if and only if the improvement step factor is larger than this threshold value. The second topic considers weighted congestion games under a fair cost sharing system which depends on the weight of each player, the (weighted) Shapley values. This class considers weighted congestion games where (weighted) Shapley values are used as an alternative (to proportional shares) for distributing the total cost of each resource among its users. We study the efficiency of this class of games in terms of the price of anarchy and the price of stability. Regard- ing the price of anarchy, we show general tight bounds, which apply to general equilibrium concepts. For the price of stability, we prove an upper bound for the special case of Shapley values. This bound holds for general sets of cost functions and is tight in special cases of interest, such as bounded degree polynomials. Also for bounded degree polynomials, we show that a slight deviation from the Shapley value has a huge impact on the price of stability. In fact, the price of stability becomes as bad as the price of anarchy. For this model, we also study computation of equilibria. We propose an algorithm to compute approximate pure Nash equilibria which executes a polynomial number of strategy updates. Due to the complex nature of Shapley values, computing a single strategy update is hard, however, applying sampling techniques allow us to achieve polynomial running time. We generalise the previous model allowing each player to control multiple flows. For this generalised model, we study existence and efficiency of equilibria. We exhibit a separation from the original model (each player controls only one flow) by proving that Shapley values are the only cost-sharing method that guarantees pure Nash equilibria existence in the generalised model. Also, we prove that the price of anarchy and price of stability become no larger than in the original model.
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Johansson, Klas. "Cost efficient provisioning of wireless access : infrastructure cost modeling and multi-operator resource sharing." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-580.
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Nguyen, Duc Thien. "Fair cost sharing auction mechanisms in last mile ridesharing." Thesis, Singapore Management University (Singapore), 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548073.
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With rapid growth of transportation demands in urban cities, one major challenge is to provide efficient and effective door-to-door service to passengers using the public transportation system. This is commonly known as the Last Mile problem. In this thesis, we consider a dynamic and demand responsive mechanism for Ridesharing on a non-dedicated commercial fleet (such as taxis). This problem is addressed as two sub problems, the first of which is a special type of vehicle routing problems (VRP). The second sub-problem, which is more challenging, is to allocate the cost (i.e. total fare) fairly among passengers. We propose auction mechanisms where we allow passengers to submit their willing payments. We show that our bidding model is budget-balanced, fairness-preserving, and most importantly, incentive-compatible. We also show how the winner determination problem can be solved efficiently. A series of experimental studies are designed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our proposed mechanisms.
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Riha, Iwo. "Entwicklung einer Methode für Cost Benefit Sharing in Logistiknetzwerken." Dortmund Verl. Praxiswissen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994936656/04.
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Woldegiorgis, Emnet Tadesse. "Cost sharing in Ethiopia : an analysis of challenges and prospects." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3374.
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Mestrado em Ensino SuperiorO financiamento do ensino superior é um dos aspectos mais relevantes da análise económica dos sistemas de ensino superior. A importância deste tema tem sido enfatizada pelos constrangimentos financeiros observados quer em países desenvolvidos quer em vias de desenvolvimento, os quais suscitaram a discussão entre investigadores e agentes políticos sobre modos alternativos de suportar financeiramente o ensino superior. Neste trabalho são discutidos os fundamentos teóricos para o desenvolvimento de políticas de partilha de custos e os modos de partilhar esses custos, nomeadamente através de diversos sistemas de empréstimos. Pretende-se também analisar a relevância do contexto político e do grau de desenvolvimento sócio-económico e das implicações destes no sucesso relativo dessas medidas de medidas de partilha dos custos do ensino superior. Estas questões serão analisadas tomando por objecto central deste estudo o sistema de ensino superior da Etiópia. o qual. Este sistema de ensino superior tem sido caracterizado pelo seu padrão de acesso elitista, pelo facto de tradicionalmente excluir a maioria dos potenciais estudantes que poderiam frequentar o sistema e assim contribuir para o desenvolvimento económico e social daquele país. Este sistema de ensino superior enfrenta actualmente um conjunto de desafios importantes, entre os quais se destacam os relativos ao seu modo de financiamento. Desde as medidas de reforma iniciadas em 1994, o sistema tem apresentado um conjunto de mudanças importantes. Umas das principais medidas constitui a adopção de políticas de partilha de custos, a qual se iniciou em 2003 com um conjunto de objectivos. Este estudo pretende analisar os desafios e as perspectivas futuras que se colocam a esta política de partilha custos no ensino superior na Etiópia, nomeadamente tomando em consideração as condições específicas daquele país. ABSTRACT: Higher education finance is one of the main issues in the economic analysis of higher education systems. The financial difficulties witnessed in both developed and developing countries have led researchers and policy makers to discuss about different alternatives of sustaining higher education systems. In this study are discussed the basic theoretical foundations of cost sharing and the different forms of implementing it, namely through student loan systems. This study also aims at discussing the relevance of the political and socio-economic context for the relative success of the adoption of cost-sharing. These aspects will be analysed by focusing in the Ethiopian higher education system. This system has been characterized by an elite enrolment pattern, since it has traditionally excluded the majority of potential students who could join the system and therefore contribute to the development of the country. The Ethiopian system has been facing a number of challenges throughout its recent history, and financing the sector is certainly one of the major ones. Since the reform measures that have started in 1994, that system of higher education has been going through a number of important developments. Cost sharing is one of the main policy changes and has been adopted in 2003 to meet a specific set of objectives. This study investigates the challenges and prospects of cost sharing in Ethiopia, namely by taking into consideration the political and social reality of the country.
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Sweatt, Susan G. "The United States/Japan responsibility sharing for the Marine Corps forces." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA242079.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Jones, Lawrence R. ; Summers, Donald E. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Military Forces(United States), Department Of Defense, Marine Corps, United States, Defense Systems, Theses, Japan, Reduction, Costs, History, Background DTIC Identifier(s): Marine Corps Operations, Economics, United States, Japan, Military Budgets, National Defense, Joint Military Activities, Defense Costs, Theses, GOJ(Government Of Japan) Author(s) subject terms: Responsibility Sharing, Burden Sharing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-54). Also available in print.
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Le, Duy. "Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cost-driving factors and the impact of cost sharing on outpatient resource utilization." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1461947257.
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Kim, David T., Francis P. Brown, and Frank T. Skrypak. "The effects of relocation of Yongsan Garrison on labor cost sharing." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10153.
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MBA Professional ReportThe object of this project is to estimate the amount of labor cost sharing (LCS) for both the United States Forces Korea (USFK) and the Republic of Korea government, using a forecasting model. This essential tool wiill allow leadership in the Korean peninsula to make decisions ahead of time that may prevent demonstrations and mass layoffs affecting the mission and the objective of U.S. presence in the region. With the planned move of Yongsan Garrison from Seoul to the Pyeongtack region in 2008, there will be a mass consolidation in supporting units. The consolidation will result in reduced need of Korean Nationals (KN) in the region. Although the forecasting model may not result in perfect information, it will give the leadership a better tool to make critical decisions regarding the future of KN employees who are vital to the mission.
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Manca, Ivano. "Ingegnerizzazione di un sistema di Fixed-Cost Real-Time Ride-Sharing." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3553/.
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Sadler, Jeffrey Michael. "Hydrologic Data Sharing Using Open Source Software and Low-Cost Electronics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4425.
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While it is generally accepted that environmental data are critical to understanding environmental phenomena, there are yet improvements to be made in their consistent collection, curation, and sharing. This thesis describes two research efforts to improve two different aspects of hydrologic data collection and management. First described is a recipe for the design, development, and deployment of a low-cost environmental data logging and transmission system for environmental sensors and its connection to an open source data-sharing network. The hardware is built using several low-cost, open-source, mass-produced components. The system automatically ingests data into HydroServer, a standards-based server in the open source Hydrologic Information System (HIS) created by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences Inc (CUAHSI). A recipe for building the system is provided along with several test deployment results. Second, a connection between HydroServer and HydroShare is described. While the CUAHSI HIS system is intended to empower the hydrologic sciences community with better data storage and distribution, it lacks support for the kind of “Web 2.0” collaboration and social-networking capabilities that are increasing scientific discovery in other fields. The design, development, and testing of a software system that integrates CUAHSI HIS with the HydroShare social hydrology architecture is presented. The resulting system supports efficient archive, discovery, and retrieval of data, extensive creator and science metadata, assignment of a persistent digital identifier such as a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), scientific discussion and collaboration around the data and other basic social-networking features. In this system, HydroShare provides functionality for social interaction and collaboration while the existing HIS provides the distributed data management and web services framework. The system is expected to enable scientists, for the first time, to access and share both national- and research lab-scale hydrologic time series in a standards-based web services architecture combined with a social network developed specifically for the hydrologic sciences.These two research projects address and provide a solution for significant challenges in the automatic collection, curation, and feature-rich sharing of hydrologic data.
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Pichler, Eva. "Cost-Sharing of General and Specific Training with Depreciation of Human Capital." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6280/1/WP_7.pdf.
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The paper demonstrates that in a two-period model with imperfect capital markets firms will share the costs and returns of general training if human capital depreciates over time. Analyzing the firm's choice of the level of investment and the sharing-rule, it is shown that in spite of cost-sharing there will be an inefficient provision of general training: firms will economize on training in order to reduce workers' expected gain from quitting. If training is both general and firm-specific, overinvestment in firm-specific training will result.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Goodwin, Christopher C. H. "The Influence of Cost-sharing Programs on Southern Non-industrial Private Forests." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30895.
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This study was undertaken in response to concerns that the decreasing levels of funding for government tree planting cost share programs will result in significant reductions in non-industrial private tree planting efforts in the South. The purpose of this study is to quantify how the funding of various cost share programs, and market signals interact and affect the level of private tree planting. The results indicate that the ACP, CRP, and Soil Bank programs have been more influential than the FIP, FRM, FSP, SIP, and State run subsidy programs. Reductions in the CRP funding will result in less tree planting; while it is not clear that funding reductions in FIP, or other programs targeted toward reforestation after harvest, will have a negative impact on tree planting levels.Master of Science
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Dadzie, Dominic S. "Cost Sharing and Equity in Higher Education: Experiences of Selected Ghanaian Students." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3371486.
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Andrade, Rodrigo Bomfim de. "Sequential cost-reimbursement rules." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11736.
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This paper studies cost-sharing rules under dynamic adverse selection. We present a typical principal-agent model with two periods, set up in Laffont and Tirole's (1986) canonical regulation environment. At first, when the contract is signed, the firm has prior uncertainty about its efficiency parameter. In the second period, the firm learns its efficiency and chooses the level of cost-reducing effort. The optimal mechanism sequentially screens the firm's types and achieves a higher level of welfare than its static counterpart. The contract is indirectly implemented by a sequence of transfers, consisting of a fixed advance payment based on the reported cost estimate, and an ex-post compensation linear in cost performance.
Este trabalho estuda regras de compartilhamento de custos sob seleção adversa dinâmica. Apresentamos um modelo típico de agente-principal com dois períodos, fundamentado no ambiente canônico de regulação de Laffont e Tirole (1986). De início, quando da assinatura do contrato, a firma possui incerteza prévia sobre seu parâmetro de eficiência. No segundo período, a firma aprende a sua eficiência e escolhe o nível de esforço para reduzir custos. O mecanismo ótimo efetua screening sequencial entre os tipos da firma e atinge um nível de bem-estar superior ao alcançado pelo mecanismo estático. O contrato é implementado indiretamente por uma sequência de transferências, que consiste em um pagamento fixo antecipado, baseado na estimativa de custos reportada pela firma, e uma compensação posterior linear no custo realizado.
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Theodossiades, R. B. "Establishing low cost, multi-vendor, resource sharing computer networks for highly localised environments." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314684.
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Micale, Linda Marie 1958. "Policy change as innovation and incrementalism: The case of Plan 6 cost-sharing." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291998.
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This thesis reviews the case of Plan 6 cost-sharing to explore the nature of policy reform and the political factors which can hinder or coax change. Plan 6 comprises regulatory storage components of the Central Arizona Project and dam safety components of the Salt River Project in Arizona. Arizona entities responded to the cost-sharing reform movement by developing an agreement reflecting increased an "up-front" local contributions to Plan 6 and CAP construction. The Plan 6 case is analyzed by linking observed political responses to proposed reform with operative policy arenas. Shifts within or between arenas indicate a degree of policy incrementalism or innovation, respectively. The analysis found a coincidence of moderate levels of innovation and strong incrementalism. The strength of a traditional water development network and the absence of direct in put from reformers at critical points in the agreement development were primary factors hindering full reform.
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Скрипник, Маргарита Іванівна, and Наталія Йосипівна Радіонова. "Особливості розподілу непрямих витрат на швейних вітчизняних підприємствах." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11571.
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Проаналізовано вплив розподілу непрямих витрат швейних вітчизняних підприємств на собівартість їх продукції. Зазначено вплив розподілу непрямих витрат на конкурентоспроможність продукції швейних підприємств. Представлено бази розподілу непрямих витрат традиційним і комбінованим способами.Analyzes the influence of the indirect cost' distribution at sewing enterprises on the cost of their products. The influence of the costs’ distribution on the competitiveness of sewing industry enterprises’ products is noted. The bases of the indirect costs' distribution are presented in traditional and combined ways. Comparison of distribution bases of total production costs is made in various ways, taking into account the serving enterprises of sewing industry.
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Rose, Pauline Margaret. "Cost sharing in Malawian primary schooling from the Washington to the post Washington consensus." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250124.
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Solomon, Matthew D. "The effect of cost-sharing on the utilization of prescription drugs for chronically ill patients." Santa Monica, Calif. : Rand, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0612/2006279614.html.
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Jaffe, Heather. "An Investigation of the Effects of Agreeableness and Cost on Willingness to Share Information with Out-of-Loop Managers." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1585.
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The current research examined the effects of the cost of sharing information and individual levels of agreeableness on participants' willingness to help out-of-the-loop individuals. In this study, 119 students from undergraduate psychology courses played the role of a CEO of a pharmaceutical company with three regional managers under their supervision. The participants were given the opportunity to give any number of facts to both in-the-loop managers and the single out-of-the-loop manager. Participants in the high-cost condition were informed that they would be required to spend an additional 2 minutes in the lab explaining the usefulness of the facts distributed for every fact they gave a general manager. Participants in the low-cost condition were told they would be required to spend an additional 10 seconds for each fact they gave a regional manager. After distributing facts among the three regional managers under their supervision, the participants were asked to complete an agreeableness scale, a conscientiousness scale, a needs assessment, and a demographics questionnaire. The results indicated that only the amount of time it would cost an individual to share facts dictated how many facts they would share. The results also found that neither condition nor individual level of agreeableness significantly influenced the difference between the number of facts individuals gave to out-of-the-loop individuals versus in-the-loop individuals.
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Bagheri, H. (Hamidreza). "Mobile clouds: a flexible resource sharing platform towards energy, spectrum and cost efficient 5G networks." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217413.
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Abstract Recent advances in wireless communications coupled with the widespread of bandwidthhungry and high-power consuming wireless services as well as the rapid penetration of multimedia-enabled smart handheld devices generate a drastic growth in mobile traffic volume. With these trends, the goals of 5G and beyond wireless communications include energy efficiency, low latency, and low service cost from the user’ perspective as well as spectrum efficiency, revenue increasing, and lower capital and operational cost from the network operators’ point of view. This thesis studies the potential of mobile clouds for improving energy, spectral, and cost efficiency towards the primary goals of 5G networks. Mobile clouds define a promising 5G integrated technology which combines the conventional cellular and shortrange networks into a novel and powerful communication architecture. Mobile clouds can be seen as a flexible and efficient platform for cooperative content delivery, cooperation, resource sharing, and social networks. Research work in this thesis is conducted in two main areas, namely fundamental and applied research on mobile clouds. Fundamental research focuses on cloud formation strategies and cloud maintenance mechanisms. In the applied area, the potential of mobile clouds for content distribution is investigated in both licensed and unlicensed bands. For content distribution using unlicensed band, several cooperative strategies are designed and their efficiency is compared to traditional multicast strategy in terms of energy efficiency, content distribution latency, and users’ quality of experience (QoE). In content distribution over licensed band, spectrum sharing and resource allocation algorithms are considered for multi pair and full-duplex device-to-device (D2D) communications, aiming at improving spectral efficiency and network performance as well as quality of service (QoS) provisioning. In addition, a business model is designed to consider how mobile clouds can reduce the cost of users and operators while improving revenue of operators and increasing users’ satisfaction. The results of this thesis show that mobile clouds technology creates a flexible and efficient platform which can efficiently enhance spectral efficiency, significantly improve energy efficiency and network performance while guaranteeing cost efficiency for users and network operators simultaneouslyTiivistelmä Langattomassa viestinnässä on viime aikoina saavutettu useita edistysaskeleita samalla kun suurta kaistanleveyttä edellyttävien ja paljon tehoa kuluttavien langattomien palveluiden käyttö on yleistynyt ja multimediatoiminnoilla varustetut älylaitteet ovat vallanneet nopeasti markkinoita. Tämän seurauksena mobiililiikenne on lisääntynyt huomattavasti. Näiden suuntausten valossa langattoman 5G-viestinnän ja sitä seuraavien sukupolvien langattoman viestinnän kehitystavoitteita ovat muun muassa seuraavat: käyttäjän näkökulmasta energiatehokkuus, mahdollisimman lyhyet viiveajat ja palvelun käytöstä aiheutuvien kustannusten edullisuus sekä verkko-operaattorin näkökulmasta spektritehokkuus, tulojen kasvattaminen ja aiempaa matalammat pääoma- ja käyttökustannukset. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan millaisia mahdollisuuksia mobiilipilvet tarjoavat energia-, spektri- ja kustannustehokkuuden parantamiseen ja siten 5G-verkkojen päätavoitteiden saavuttamiseen. Mobiilipilvi on lupaava osa 5G-teknologiaa, jossa perinteiset solukkoverkot ja lyhyen kantaman verkot yhdistyvät aivan uudenlaiseen ja tehokkaaseen tietoliikennearkkitehtuuriin. Mobiilipilvet voidaan nähdä joustavana ja tehokkaana alustana sisällön yhteisjakelulle, yhteistyölle, resurssien jakamiselle ja toiminnalle sosiaalisissa verkoissa. Tätä väitöskirjaa varten on tehty tutkimusta sekä mobiilipilviä koskevan perustutkimuksen että soveltavan tutkimuksen parissa. Perustutkimuksessa keskitytään tarkastelemaan pilvien muodostamisessa käytettäviä strategioita ja pilvien ylläpidossa käytettäviä mekanismeja. Soveltavan tutkimuksen alueella mobiilipilvien tarjoamia sisällön jakelun mahdollisuuksia tarkastellaan sekä luvanvaraisilla että vapaasti käytettävillä kaistoilla. Vapaasti käytettävillä kaistoilla toteutettavaa jakelua varten työssä kehitetään useita yhteistoimintastrategioita, joiden tehokkuutta verrataan perinteiseen monilähetysstrategiaan energiatehokkuuden, sisällön jakelun viiveiden ja käyttäjien kokemuksen laadun (Quality of Experience, QoE) osalta. Luvanvaraisilla kaistoilla toteutettavan sisällön jakelun osalta tarkastellaan moniparisessa ja samanaikaisessa molemminsuuntaisessa laitteiden välisessä viestinnässä (D2D-kommunikaatiossa) käytettäviä spektrin jakamisen ja resurssien allokoimisen algoritmeja, jotta spektritehokkuutta ja verkon suorituskykyä sekä palvelun laatua (Quality of Service, QoS) pystyttäisiin parantamaan. Tämän lisäksi työssä kehitellään liiketoimintamallia, jonka avulla voidaan pohtia, miten mobiilipilvillä voidaan vähentää käyttäjien ja operaattorien kustannuksia ja samalla kasvattaa operaattorien tuloja ja parantaa käyttäjien tyytyväisyyttä. Tämän työn tulokset osoittavat, että mobiilipilviteknologia on joustava ja tehokas alusta, jolla voidaan lisätä olennaisesti spektritehokkuutta, parantaa merkittävästi energiatehokkuutta ja verkon suorituskykyä sekä taata kustannustehokkuus sekä käyttäjien että verkko-operaattorien näkökulmasta
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Dowell, Margaret Anne. "Influence of three-tier cost sharing on patient compliance with and switching of cardiovascular medications." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1030118543.
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Thesis (M.S.--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 173 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Co-advisors: Craig A. Pedersen, Dept. of Pharmacy; Anne Scheck McAlearney, School of Public Health. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-173).
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Smith-Ramirez, Ricardo. "On the evaluation of conservation cost-sharing programs an application of a Monte Carlo EM algorithm /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2687.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Agricultural and Resource Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Martello, Charles P. "NATO burden-sharing redefinition for a changing European threat /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA242560.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Gates, William. Second Reader: Doyle, Richard. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 2, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): NATO, Defense Planning, Industrial Production, Economics, Burden Sharing, Defense Industries, Sharing, Costs, Military Forces (Foreign), Military Forces (United States), Military Equipment, Mathematical Models, Military Reserves, Industrial Capacity. Author(s) subject terms: Burden-sharing, NATO. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80). Also available in print.
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Olvey, Eleanor. "Impact of Cost-sharing on Utilization of Medications for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Medicare Beneficiaries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203445.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of out-of-pocket prescription and healthcare costs on adherence to guideline recommended statins, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and beta-blockers (BB) used for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and the associations of adherence with cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries ≥ 65 years. Methods: Data from the 2004, 2005, and 2006 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) was utilized to conduct a retrospective, cross-sectional (i.e., multiple cohort) study. Dependent variables of interest included adherence to statins, ACE/ARBs or BBs, and all-cause mortality, with out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, and adherence to these medications the primary independent variables of interest in these models. Adherence was analyzed as a binary variable with ≥ 80 percent annual adherence the threshold utilized in primary analyses. Total OOP prescription costs for all medications and total OOP healthcare costs borne by the beneficiary were reported. Complex survey design-specified logistic regression with sampling weights was the main statistical analysis used. Sensitivity analyses on adherence thresholds and subgroups were additionally conducted. Results: A significant positive relationship between total OOP prescription costs and statin adherence was identified across observation years in the primary models. Similar relationships were noted for ACE/ARBs and BB in 2004, and ACE/ARBs in 2005. No significant association between adherence and total OOP healthcare costs was indicated in the primary models. Mortality could not be used as a clinical outcome of interest due to limitations with the data. Thus, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events were used as the clinical outcome. At the ≥ 80 percent threshold, no significant reductions in ACS events were reported. However, various sensitivity analyses did suggest significant reductions in ACS events with ACE/ARBs. Additionally, significantly higher risk of ACS was noted when BB adherence thresholds were reduced to ≥ 60 percent. Conclusions: OOP prescription costs are a significant factor influencing adherence to these medications used for secondary prevention of CAD/MI in Medicare beneficiaries. Continuing to monitor how these costs impact adherence and ultimately outcomes will be critical, particularly given policy changes such as Medicare Part-D.
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EKSTRÖM, MARCUS, and CAROLINA FAHNEHJELM. "Incorporating a total cost perspective intothe purchasing strategy : A case study of amedium sized retail compan." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189594.
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The retail industry is today characterized by downward price pressure, and the increasedcompetition in the industry has led to pressure on profit margins. Purchasing and supply chainmanagement have become areas of increased strategic importance and play a crucial role inthe business performance. This study aims to extend previous literature in these fields byproviding the existing research with an empirical study on how the purchasing strategy canincorporate a total cost perspective of the supply chain.The purpose of this study was to suggest aspects to incorporate in the purchasing strategywith the objective to consider a total cost perspective of the supply chain. This was donethrough conducting an empirical case study at a Swedish middle sized retail company, bycollecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data through interviews, meetingsand internal databases. Challenges that prohibit the case company to apply a total costperspective were identified in the purchasing process and a total cost model was built tovisualize how these affect total costs. Our findings show that there are six challenges thatprohibit the case company to include the total cost perspective in the purchasing process; theinability to reach minimum order quantities (MOQ), production specific requirements, thedifficulty to combine order suggestions on related stock keeping units (SKU), an uneven flowof orders to suppliers, inefficient time supply period and an inability to coordinate transports.Three aspects were identified as root causes for these challenges and suggested to the casecompany to incorporate in their purchasing strategy to enable the management of total costs inthe supply chain. The aspects are flexible time supply periods, internal and externalinformation sharing and coordination of transport. Furthermore, this research also gives anunderstanding of how the formation of the private label assortment fuels the challenges thatprohibit the company to take a total cost perspective.
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Lindrooth, Richard C. "Selective contracting, cost sharing, and utilization management : a theoretical and empirical analysis of the market for health care /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7463.
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Soares, Sara Filipa Carreira. "Aumento das taxas moderadoras nas urgências hospitalares : que impacto sobre a procura?" Master's thesis, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11372.
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RESUMO - Objetivo: Quantificar a variação da procura ocorrida no Serviço de Urgência Hospitalar (SUH) de um hospital na zona de Lisboa face ao aumento de preço da taxa moderadora da urgência em janeiro de 2012. Metodologia: O presente trabalho recorre à análise de micro dados sobre a utilização do Serviço de Urgência do Hospital Garcia de Orta (HGO) em dois períodos: 1 de janeiro de 2011 a 30 de junho de 2011 e 1 de janeiro de 2012 a 30 de junho de 2012. A amostra é constituída por 156.654 idas ao SUH do HGO. Aferiu-se ainda a elasticidade da procura face ao preço por sexo, escalão etário, proveniência, local e causa da admissão e destino dos utentes. Resultados: Existiram 80.344 episódios de urgência em 2011 e 76.310 em 2012 (-5%).Em relação aos utentes não isentos, houve uma redução de 12% no total de episódios de urgência (26.168 em 2011 e 23.037 em 2012). O preço da urgência aumentou 108% para os indivíduos não isentos (€9,6 para €20). Os valores obtidos para a elasticidade da procura face ao preço são próximos de zero para o total da procura bem como para as restantes variáveis. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a procura de cuidados de urgência é inelástica face ao aumento do preço no hospital analisado. Embora se tenha verificado uma redução dos cuidados procurados (12%), esta foi muito inferior ao aumento ocorrido no preço (108%).ABSTRACT - Objetive: Quantify the difference of the demand in the emergency service in Lisbon's Hospital against the increase price of cost sharing at urgency in January 2012. Methodology: This paper uses the analysis of micro data on the use of the emergency service of the Hospital Garcia de Orta in two periods: 1 January 2011 to 30 June 2011 and 1 January 2012 to 30 June in 2012. The sample consists of 156.654 visits to the emergency service of the hospital. It also gauged the demand elasticity over the price by sex, age group, origin, location and cause of admission and destination users. Results: There were 80.344 episodes of urgency in 2011 and 76.310 in 2012 (-5%). Regarding non-exempt users, there was a 12% reduction in total episodes of urgency (26.168 in 2011 and 23.037 in 2012). The price of the urgency increased 108% for individuals not exempt (€ 9.6 to € 20). The values obtained for the elasticity of demand over the price are close to zero for the total demand as well as for all other variables. Conclusions: We conclude that the demand for emergency care is inelastic over the price increase in hospital analyzed. Although there was a reduction of care sought (12%), this was much lower than the increase for the price (108%).
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Nylund, Hans. "Electricity across borders : regional cost sharing of grid investments, international benchmarking and the electricity demand of an ageing population." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26747.
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This thesis deals with issues related to investments and regulation of high-voltage electricity grids, and to the households’ demand for electricity. The thesis consists of four self-contained papers. Papers I and II address the challenge of reaching agreements on the expansions of electricity grid infrastructure across national borders. Agreements can be problematic to reach due to regional welfare-effects from new infrastructure, which leads to questions of how investment costs should be shared and under what circumstances cooperation will be rational for all nations. This relates to both the allocation rule used, and the number of countries involved in the sharing (e.g., bilateral or regional). These issues are analysed by game theoretic methods and a numerical optimisation model of the electricity systems of six European countries. Results show that proportional sharing of investment costs in relation to benefits is the most practical solution, and that it also gives outcomes in terms of welfare and transmission capacity that are very close to the regional welfare optimum.The utilities responsible for the transmission system operation and the grid development are the national Transmission System Operators (TSO). The TSOs are monopoly utilities that operate under regulatory oversight. The absence of competition in this sector means that regulators have an important role in monitoring performance and ensuring overall efficiency. One way to do this is by frontier benchmarking methods. However, there are in general no national comparators for TSO, which means that performance needs to be measured against international comparators. Paper III applies a benchmark model to analyse the technical efficiency of 29 European TSO. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate efficiency scores and different approaches to account for the heterogeneity in operating environments are tested. Results show that the average technical efficiency is between 88% and 94%, depending on model and data sample. While this indicates that there are efficiency differences between the TSOs, the extension to regulation of TSOs is not straight forward since the reasons for inefficiency may be due to factors that are outside the TSO’s control.In Paper IV attention is turned towards the households’ demand for electricity. The question answered is how the ageing populations in OECD countries, and the consequential changes in population age-structures, may affect the residential demand for electricity. The implications of changing demography is analysed by a family life-cycle model, and an empirical analysis is made by specifying an econometric model of electricity demand that includes the population age-structure by four age-group variables. Results show that the oldest age-group has the largest positive effect on aggregate per capita consumption, while the other groups have lower but similar effects. The results have implications for projections of future electricity demand and for policies aimed at influencing households’ electricity demand, not the least since the share of elderly in the populations of western societies will increase by several percentage points over the coming decades.Godkänd; 2013; 20130809 (hannyl); Tillkännagivande disputation 2013-09-06 Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen. Namn: Hans Nylund Ämne: Nationalekonomi Avhandling: Electricity Across Borders: Regional Cost Sharing of Grid Investments, International Benchmarking and the Electricity Demand of an Ageing Population Opponent: Professor Andreas Stephan, Jönköping International Business School Ordförande: Professor Robert Lundmark, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 27 september 2013, kl. 13.00 Plats: A109, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Williams, Aisha. "The impact of increased patient cost-sharing on pediatric avoidable hospitalizations for SCHIP beneficiaries in the state of Florida." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4124.
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Sacks, Naomi Cohen. "The effects of cost sharing in the Medicare Part D benefit on branded and generic oral anti-diabetic adherence." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12844.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.This dissertation includes three papers on oral anti-diabetic (OAD) medication adherence and the Medicare Part D benefit. The data source for all analyses is the IMS Health Longitudinal Prescription database, which contains patient de-identified prescription data from computerized pharmacy records and reflects over 60% of the prescriptions filled in the United States. The analytic samples culled from this database consist of elderly diabetes patients with Medicare Part D standard (non-LIS), low-income-subsidy (LIS), or commercial prescription medication coverage. I compare non-LIS patients, whose coverage contains a gap (also known as the "donut hole"), to patients with LIS or commercial coverage and no gap. The first paper tests the hypothesis that diabetes patients with non-LIS coverage are selective in their use of oral anti-diabetic (OAD) medications, and less likely to be adherent to branded-only class OADs. I use logistic regression to model the effects of this coverage on within-class OAD adherence, comparing non-LIS to propensity-matched LIS and commercially covered patients. I find evidence that the Part D benefit is associated with cost-related non-adherence in branded-only, but not primarily generic, class OADs. In the second paper, I examine the effects of increasing generic medication use on concurrent adherence evaluations. I use the same logistic model to compare three recognized but different concurrent adherence outcome measures. The measures generate estimates of the effects of Part D coverage on adherence that differ in significance and magnitude and that vary further, depending on the distribution of prices in the underlying patient sample. In the third paper, I test the hypothesis that patients decrease more costly branded OAD use in anticipation of the Part D coverage gap. Using a difference-in-difference design, I use GEE via proc genmod to estimate the effects of the gap on within-class OAD adherence over the coverage year. Compared to LIS and commercially covered, non-LIS patients have increasingly lower odds of adherence to branded-only class OADs starting in the first month of the coverage year. These findings provide evidence of forward-looking behavior, and suggest further that deductibles and co-payments, Part D cost sharing components in addition to the gap, adversely affect adherence.
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Smith, Joseph L. "Developing the Evidence Base for Mental Health Policy and Services: Inquiries into Epidemiology, Cost-Benefits, and Utilization." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7713.
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The overarching aim of this dissertation is to use health services research methods to address three problems in behavioral health services. This dissertation seeks to address the knowledge gaps in behavioral health services through the generation of evidence intended to support evidence-based practices (EBP).
Previous work has examined epidemiology of behavioral health disorders in the ED, but they have not attempted to examine disorders by the cause of injury. Chapter 2 examines the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders among adults who seek care in the emergency department (ED) by cause of injury. Data from a national hospital discharge survey was analyzed using logistic and multinomial regression. Estimates are given as average marginal effects (AME) to simplify the interpretation and application. Intentionally-caused injury and undetermined cause of injury are significantly associated with psychiatric disorders. Patients with undetermined cause of injury were more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders, depressed mood, and psychoses relative to patients with unintentional injuries
Since there are several treatment options for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), and combinations of these, a comparison of treatment effects denominated in dollars is helpful when comparing risks and benefits. Chapter 3 builds on previous randomized control trials of treatments for OCD in children and adolescents by ranks the cost-benefits of first-line treatments. The analysis aggregates treatment effects from published trials in meta-analytic framework and a Monte Carlo simulation of 100,000 hypothetic children and adolescents to derive ranked cost-benefit. Treatments strategies starting with CBT, but not CBT and SRIs concurrently, were the most cost-beneficial.
The relationship between cost-sharing and utilization of behavioral health services has been studied in the aggregate, but there has been little work examining the relationship by disorder and treatment modality. The aim of Chapter 4 is to examine the association between cost-sharing and utilization of psychotherapy and adherence to pharmacotherapy among insured adults with OCD. This chapter utilizes the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters dataset to perform zero-inflated negative binomial regression and logistic regression analyses. Increased cost-sharing was significantly, negatively associated with psychotherapy intensity and dose, but not associated with SRI adherence.
This dissertation examined three different research questions to address gaps in the behavioral health services research. The findings of these chapters have implications for patients, clinicians, insurers, and policymakers. The results can be used to improve aspects of cost, quality, access, and efficiency of behavioral health services.
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Onuzuruike, Emeka. "Telecom Infrastructure Sharing as a Strategy for Cost Optimization and Revenue Generation : A Case Study of MTN Nigeria/Zain Nigeria Collocation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1124.
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There is a growing need for operators and providers in the Nigerian telecoms industry to drive down cost of capital assets or infrastructure deployed for telecom services. This has been expressed in recent times by many operators who now come, together , on basis of mutual, agreements , to consider sharing infrastructure. The telecom market in Nigeria is driven by growing demand for telecommunications services like voice, SMS, data services like internet, fax, etc as well as high broadband services like video calling, video messaging and video conferencing. This high demand from telecom users combined with the heated competition of a gradually maturing telecoms market in Nigeria has driven many telecoms operators to explore ways of reaching their potential customers in very cost efficient and cost effective ways, hence the need to reduce the cost of rolling out telecom infrastructure while at the same time achieving the numbers through effective network coverage. Also, the regulatory body in Nigeria,NCC( Nigeria Communications Commission) has also given its backing to this initiative by providing the legal and technical guidelines that would ensure fairplay and enhance fair competition. This study or research aims at exploring the value of infrastructure sharing as a means of achieving cost efficiency and revenue assurance. The research is based on a case study analysis of the current collocation arrangement between MTN Nigeria Ltd and Zain Nigeria Ltd. The study seeks to explore the benefits of the infrastructure sharing deal between these two companies as well as recommend an improved or enhanced framework or model to sustain this strategy model in the context of the Nigerian telecommunications industry. Based on a survey/interview of 20 respondents drawn from key departments involved in this sharing deal, the following conclusions were drawn. (1) That both operators have experienced significant reduction in their cost of CAPEX(capital expenditure) employed in network rollouts/deployments; (2) that passive infrastructure(network infrastructure sharing) has led to an improved cost efficiency in network deployments; (3) that infrastructure sharing has led to improved network based operational expenditure; (4) that passive infrastructure sharing has enabled operators achieve improved coverage and capacity; (5) that infrastructure sharing has had no negative impact on customer experience and quality of service; (6) that infrastructure sharing has led to improved service delivery by telecoms operators whereby captial gained or recouped has been invested in product innovations through better value added services to gain competitive advantage. The implications of these findings is that telecom infrastructure sharing serves as an effective business model for cost optimization and revenue generation for telecom operators in Nigeria and the rest of Africa.+234-8032005495
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Kinser, Amber E. "The Cost of an Education: Exploring the Extended Reach of Academe in Family Life." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1243.
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Excerpt: Contributors detail what it means to be an academic mother and to think about academic motherhood, while also exploring both the personal and specific institutional challenges academic women face, the multifaceted strategies different academic women are implementing to manage those challenges, and investigating different theoretical possibilities for how we think about academic motherhood.
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Vichare, Anushree M. "Affordability, Utilization and Satisfaction with Care: A Policy Context for Improving Health Care Experiences." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4978.
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Disparate healthcare experiences continue to pose a challenge; vulnerable populations such as low-income and racial and ethnic minorities may not be able to afford or utilize care when needed or receive quality care. The sources of disparities are complex and multi-factorial, which include health care system-level factors such as insurance and health care workforce. It is relatively less known to what extent these contribute to disparities related to a patient’s overall health care experience across three important domains – affordability, utilization and satisfaction with care.
This dissertation has three objectives. First, to assess how insurance benefit design affects health care utilization among poorest adults. Second, examine the role of insurance in addressing racial and ethnic disparities in access to preventive care. Finally, examine the role of health care providers in differences related to satisfaction with care among low-income patients.
To answer questions posed in this dissertation, two different types of datasets are used: a unique hospital administrative data from a coverage program for low-income adults and 2008-2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). To examine the role of insurance and health care providers in disparities related to different outcomes of patient experience, several models are estimated; including mixed effects linear probability and negative binomial regressions, decomposition and multivariate linear probability models.
Several efforts are being made to address inequalities through coverage expansions, removal of financial barriers for preventive services and incentivizing health care providers to improve patient satisfaction. The findings suggest that differences in utilization and satisfaction with care continue to persist among low-income and racial and ethnic minorities. However, policy levers and system-level reforms including value-based insurance designs that may curb healthcare costs without shifting the cost burden to poorer adults, continued reforms to expand coverage and improve access to a usual of care, and policy interventions that extend beyond improving workforce diversity and enhance provider skills to elicit patient communication preferences may foster positive patient experiences and ameliorate existing disparities. Improving patient experiences of care will thus require policy efforts with a comprehensive multi-level strategy that targets broad sectors – including payers, health care providers and society at large.
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Chi, Sae. "Developing a methodology for evaluating privately operated toll road projects using stochastic cost-benefit analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/116509/1/Sae_Chi_Thesis.pdf.
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The conventional economic assessment of infrastructure projects using Cost-Benefit Analysis does not consider the differences between when the project is delivered by public or private sectors. This research has developed a novel methodology that considers whether the project is delivered publicly or in a partnership with private sector. This means that, for instance, for a toll road project, the methodology assesses whether it is more beneficial to be operated by government agencies or by private toll operator. The methodology can be incorporated in the existing infrastructure project assessment framework and would particularly be useful when project delivery options are considered.
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Jraisat, Luai Eid. "Information sharing in an export supply chain relationship : the case of the Jordanian fresh fruit and vegetable export industry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5076.
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The aim of this research is to develop, examine and validate a conceptual framework, which explains factors of the export supply chain relationship focusing on information sharing in export supply chain management field. This research seeks to understand the dyadic exporter-producer relationship in the export industry of fresh fruit and vegetables from Jordan to the European Union. Jordan supplies very limited fresh fruit and vegetable exports to the European market and the exporter-producer relationships are still weak, which impedes the emergence of a high performance supply chain within this promising market. There has been a lack of conceptual and empirical research on information sharing, which limits the understanding of the business relationship and there is no theoretical framework analysing export supply chain relationships. Therefore, this research examines the possible association between the following factors: relationship, network and transaction dimensions; information sharing; and export performance. A framework for the influence of information sharing on a dyadic exporter-producer relationship of supply chain management guiding this research is developed initially, based on three perspectives: relationship marketing theory, network theory and transaction cost theory. Qualitative methodology is used to achieve the research aim and objectives in Jordan. The research is comprised of two phases. In phase one, seven interviews with experts are conducted to refine the initial framework for key propositions and propose a framework for supply chain management. In phase two, there are ten multiple-case studies, which contain 40 semi-structured interviews, 40 hours of observations and archival records. These cases are primarily conducted with the selected exporter and producer firms in the export industry of fresh fruit and vegetables. Data are collected and analysed, based on key themes and a case study protocol, which individually explore each exporter-producer relationship ―case‖ in order to examine the proposed framework. Finally, the ten cases are cross-analysed to explain the key findings and to match them to the framework in order to validate it as the final conceptual framework for supply chain management. The research findings support the central premise that specific dimensions of relationships, networks and transactions are the key antecedents of information sharing, which in turn influences export performance. The findings confirm that the exporters and the producers are able to support their relationships through the benefits gained from these dimensions at the relationship, network and transaction levels of the export III Information Sharing in an Export Supply Chain Relationship Luai Jraisat supply chain. It is through this alignment that firms create better information sharing between them. Likewise, the findings suggest that firms will be able to gain strategic advantages from supply chain management based on information sharing and its components, namely content, sharing methods, sources and value, thus suggesting that the firms should apply information sharing to improve financial and non-financial export performance. The research makes key contributions to theory and methodology, and has policy and managerial implications. Theoretical contributions are made to the supply chain management literature by providing a holistic framework for supply chain management to understand the exporter-producer relationship. The research expands on the applications of the three perspectives combined and focuses on information sharing as a key factor. Methodological contributions are offered as this research connects the qualitative methodology to the theory, enabling an analytical generalisation of supply chain management relationships by examining both sides of the dyadic relationship to guide their information sharing. This research expands more on the validity and reliability aspects to ensure the strength of this qualitative empirical research. Policy and managerial implications are addressed for managers and policy-makers. The research limitations and guidelines for future research are discussed.
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Rached, Mansour. "Evaluation de la valeur du partage d’informations et de ses impacts sur la performance des différents maillons dans des réseaux logistiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0008.
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Cette recherche porte sur l’étude de l’impact du partage de plusieurs informations simultanément dans différentes configurations de chaînes logistiques. Celui-ci s’exprime en termes de réduction du coût logistique par rapport au scénario de non partage d’informations et est évalué au niveau de la chaîne logistique dans sa globalité, mais également au niveau de chaque coût élémentaire de chaque maillon. Le choix des informations partagées est basé sur leur importance dans la gestion de la chaîne logistique ainsi que sur leur provenance (amont et aval) pour permettre d’instaurer des mécanismes d’échange et de négociation entre les différents maillons. Notre approche est développée dans le cadre d’une chaîne logistique série mono-produit composée d’un fournisseur, d’un entrepôt, d’un détaillant et de clients. Nous avons développé un modèle mathématique permettant l’évaluation des gains de ce partage d’informations dans le cadre d’une décision décentralisée. Ce premier modèle nous a permis d’étudier les impacts du partage de ces informations dans des circonstances proches de la réalité suite à l’injection de perturbations même dans le cas de partage. L’étude expérimentale réalisée a permis de mettre en évidence la nécessité de mettre en place des mécanismes incitatifs de coopération entre les différents maillons de la chaîne logistique lorsque les gains ne bénéficient de manière quasi exclusive qu’à un seul des maillons ou s’avèrent particulièrement déséquilibrés, mécanismes visant à aboutir à des équilibres gagnant-gagnant entre les participants. Nous avons ensuite considéré le cas d’une décision décentralisée avec partage de deux informations simultanément. Cette partie de notre travail est réalisée sur une chaîne logistique divergente mono-produit intégrant plusieurs détaillants. L’affectation par l’entrepôt des produits aux détaillants est réalisée au prorata des commandes détaillants. Nous avons proposé de mettre en place des mécanismes de coopération nécessaires pour garantir un gain équilibré entre les différents maillons dans les différents scénarios de partage. Nous avons considéré par la suite une décision centralisée au niveau de l’entrepôt avec une affectation de produits minimisant le coût logistique de toute la chaîne. Pour terminer, notre approche a été étendue à l’étude de la répartition des gains entre détaillants dans différentes configurations de demande et ce dans les différents scenarii étudiés. Ceci nous a permis d’identifier les bénéficiaires de ce partage d’informations dans différents contextes. Nous avons conclu par le fait qu’une décision décentralisée avec partage d’informations est proche en termes de performance de celle obtenue dans un contexte centralisé et préconisé de poursuivre cette étude comparative en prenant en compte l’ensemble des coûts et bénéfices de ces deux modes de pilotageWe study the impact of sharing several informations simultaneously in different configurations of supply chains. The valuation is expressed in terms of logistics costs reduction compared to the scenario of non-information sharing. We have evaluated the gain in the overall supply chain, but also at each elementary cost of a particular link. The choice of the shared information is based on their importance in the supply chain management as well as their source (upstream and downstream) in order to establish different exchange mechanisms and negotiation between various links. We have studied the sharing of one, two and three informations simultaneously. Our approach is developed in the context of a mono-product serial supply chain consisting of one supplier, one warehouse, one retailer and customers. We have developed a mathematical model in order to evaluate the gains provided by the sharing of different kinds of information in the context of decentralized decision. In this model, we have injected a perturbation in the shared information in order to be more realistic. This experimental study has highlighted the necessity to establish incentive cooperation mechanisms between the various links in the supply chain, if the gains are benefic exclusively to only one of the links or are particularly unbalanced. These mechanisms are intended in order to lead to a win-win balance between participants. In the second part of our work, we have considered the case of a decentralized decision with sharing simultaneously two pieces of information. This part is carried out in the context of a mono-product and a divergent supply chain integrating several retailers. The quantities allocation from the warehouse to retailers is made in a prorata assignment policy based on retailers’ orders. We have noted that the sharing in its various forms has led to significant reduction cost for the overall supply chain. We have considered later the case of a centralized decision at the warehouse with an assignment of products in order to minimize the supply chain cost. Finally, our approach has been extended to the study of the distribution of gains between retailers for different customer demand configurations. This has allowed us to identify the beneficiaries of this information sharing in different studied contexts. The obtained gains are rarely balanced between links; this resulted in imposing the establishment of cooperative mechanisms incentive for sharing. We have concluded by the fact that a decentralized decision with information sharing is close in performance to a centralized context and we plan to continue this comparative study by taking into account all costs and benefits of these two pilot modes
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Wang, Yuntong. "Axiomatic Cost Sharing." Thèse, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1241.
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Juarez, Ruben. "Essays in strategic cost sharing." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/22268.
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A mechanism elicits the monetary valuations from the agents for getting a unit of good (or service), allocates some goods to some agents and charge some money only to the agents who are served. We study welfare and incentive compatibility properties of these mechanisms. We compare two familiar mechanisms in an economy with increasing marginal cost, random priority (RP) and average cost (AC). We find that RP unambiguously performs better than AC using the worst-absolute surplus loss measure. In similar economies, we characterize the mechanisms that, are immune to coordinated misreports of any group of agents and provide optimal mechanisms for different shapes of cost functions using the worst absolute surplus loss.
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Gopalakrishnan, Ragavendran. "Characterizing Distribution Rules for Cost Sharing Games." Thesis, 2013. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7822/1/gopalakrishnan_ragavendran_2013.pdf.
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In noncooperative cost sharing games, individually strategic agents choose resources based on how the welfare (cost or revenue) generated at each resource (which depends on the set of agents that choose the resource) is distributed. The focus is on finding distribution rules that lead to stable allocations, which is formalized by the concept of Nash equilibrium, e.g., Shapley value (budget-balanced) and marginal contribution (not budget-balanced) rules.
Recent work that seeks to characterize the space of all such rules shows that the only budget-balanced distribution rules that guarantee equilibrium existence in all welfare sharing games are generalized weighted Shapley values (GWSVs), by exhibiting a specific 'worst-case' welfare function which requires that GWSV rules be used. Our work provides an exact characterization of the space of distribution rules (not necessarily budget-balanced) for any specific local welfare functions remains, for a general class of scalable and separable games with well-known applications, e.g., facility location, routing, network formation, and coverage games.
We show that all games conditioned on any fixed local welfare functions possess an equilibrium if and only if the distribution rules are equivalent to GWSV rules on some 'ground' welfare functions. Therefore, it is neither the existence of some worst-case welfare function, nor the restriction of budget-balance, which limits the design to GWSVs. Also, in order to guarantee equilibrium existence, it is necessary to work within the class of potential games, since GWSVs result in (weighted) potential games.
We also provide an alternative characterization—all games conditioned on any fixed local welfare functions possess an equilibrium if and only if the distribution rules are equivalent to generalized weighted marginal contribution (GWMC) rules on some 'ground' welfare functions. This result is due to a deeper fundamental connection between Shapley values and marginal contributions that our proofs expose—they are equivalent given a transformation connecting their ground welfare functions. (This connection leads to novel closed-form expressions for the GWSV potential function.) Since GWMCs are more tractable than GWSVs, a designer can tradeoff budget-balance with computational tractability in deciding which rule to implement.
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TANG, YA-CHING, and 湯雅清. "Discussion on the Cost of New Sharing Logistics." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6ag3wc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
105
As the globalization and the internet is becoming mature, the fast development of the mobile device has made the change in the consumer shopping habit. The consumer behavior has changed from the less-option and more-quantity to the more-option and less-quantity. Consumers are now pursuing more their shopping and its flow customized, more exquisite, and faster service. How the logistic will also rapidly cope with such change to lower the cost has become the main topic in its industry. This study has shown that new Sharing Logistic by comparing with E-Logistic type, this new Share-Logistic type has lowered the cost in every category, including the transportation, each warehousing, and management. With the participation members increasing, the earning of operative platforms and the logistic drivers will both grow up. Some simulations has proven the new Sharing Logistic works, and can be utilized the model to the logistic industry who wants to make the change to cope with sharing economy impact.
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Gau, Gary, and 高得祐. "The Study of Knowledge Sharing - Transaction Cost Perspective." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49052474063679424073.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
管理科學研究所
90
According to the research of knowledge sharing by Davenport & Prusak (1998) and Teece (1998), the knowledge has so-called "the internal market " in the organization, and it cause the impact for organizational and inner sharing of the knowledge. In 1960 the Coase mentions " when the transaction cost is a zero, no matter law to property right how to definition, the resource make use of to will reach maximum of efficiency " in a text of "The problem of the social the cost ". But actually the market function operation is not perfect, therefore the Coase also point outs to include: The cost of searching cost, bargain cost, execution cost, so must through firm to make allocate efficiency. However, Now the theory of the transaction cost is not only limit to result the problem in the economy, but also explains the knowledge shares of organization. This research is based on the research of knowledge sharing by Davenport & Prusak (1998) and the theory of Transaction Cost; make use of the theories of transaction cost to inquire in to the action of market in knowledge sharing. According to result of the empirical research, main detection of this research： 1. The Bounded rationality and the knowledge sharing present the negative correlation. When Bounded rationality is higher, will urge organization had more, high knowledge sharing the action. 2. The opportunism and the knowledge sharing present the negative correlation. 3. The uncertainty and complexity of the environment and the knowledge sharing present the negative correlation. The knowledge sharing would be under the influence of the uncertainty and complexity of the environment, if the uncertainty and complexity of the environment were higher then the knowledge sharing would be lower. 4. The small number exchange to present with the knowledge sharing the negative correlation. 5. The information asymmetric and the knowledge sharing present the negative correlation. If the information asymmetric of the knowledge is higher then the sharing of the knowledge will be lower. 6. The atmosphere and the knowledge sharing to present the positive correlation. If the atmosphere of the sharing of the knowledge is higher then the sharing of the knowledge is higher. 7. The uncertainty of knowledge and the knowledge sharing present the negative correlation. 8. The asset specificity of the knowledge is higher, then will decline the knowledge shares the action, the asset specificity of knowledge and the knowledge sharing presents the negative correlation.
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LANG, HUI-ZHU, and 郎慧珠. "Taipei metropolitans'' wllingness for cost-sharing health insurance." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61891515084523341390.
Full text
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Wheatley, David. "Cross-monotonic Cost-Sharing Methods for Network Design Games." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3317.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we consider some network design games that arise from common
network design problems. A network design game involves multiple players who
control nodes in a network, each of which has a personal interest in seeing their
nodes connected in some manner. To this end, the players will submit bids to
a mechanism whose task will be to select which of the players to connect, how
to connect their nodes, and how much to charge each player for the connection.
We rely on many fundamental results from mechanism design (from [8], [9] &
[5]) in this thesis and focus our efforts on designing and analyzing cost-sharing
methods. That is, for a given set of players and their connection requirements,
our algorithms compute a solution that satisfies all the players’ requirements
and calculates ’fair’ prices to charge each of them for the connection.
Our cost-sharing methods use a primal-dual framework developed by Agrawal,
Klein and Ravi in [1] and generalized by Goemans &Williamson in [3]. We modify
the algorithms by using the concept of death-time introduced by K¨onemann,
Leonardi & Sch¨afer in [6].
Our main result is a 2-budget balanced and cross-monotonic cost sharing
method for the downwards monotone set cover game, which arises naturally
from any downwards monotone 0, 1-function. We have also designed a 2-budget
balanced and cross-monotonic cost sharing method for two versions of the edge
cover game arising from the edge cover problem. These games are special cases
of the downwards monotone set cover game. By a result by Immorlica, Mahdian
& Mirrokni in [4] our result is best possible for the edge cover game.
We also designed a cross-monotonic cost sharing method for a network design
game we call the Even Parity Connection game arising from the T-Join
problem that generalizes proper cut requirement functions. We can show our
algorithm returns cost shares that recover at least half the cost of the solution.
We conjecture that our cost sharing method for the even parity connection game
is competitive and thus 2-budget balance.
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"Secure implementation, network cost sharing and oligopolistic price discrimination." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/62222.
Full textAbstract:
In chapter 1, we consider the possibility of Secure Implementation in Production Economies beyond the result provided in the Saijo et al. (2007) paper. We find a large class of SCFs to be securely implementable. The serial SCF and the widely studied Fixed Path SCFs which contains serial SCF as a special case are all special cases of our function.
In chapter 2, which is a version of my work with Ruben Juarez, we consider the problem of sharing the cost of a network formed by choice of paths of agents to connect their demand nodes. Motivated by the inefficiency, instability and huge informational requirements of the widely used Shapley (Sh) cost sharing rules, we look for mechanisms in a setting of minimal informational requirement which overcome the said shortcoming. We characterize a class of such mechanisms under different notions of robust implementations. We also discover that voluntary participation is possible in this setup with no more inefficiency than that of Sh.
In chapter 3, which is a version of my work with Levent Kutlu, we consider the aspect of price discrimination under oligopolistic setting. The environment has two stages of the game. In first stage the firms fight on the quantity they want to put in the market and then in the second stage they decide how to distribute that quantity among the buyers with different valuations. We characterize the unique NE of this game. The firms which ends up with higher quantity in the first stage sells to all the buyers whereas the smaller firm sells some of the high end buyers.
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Ramachandran, Arthi. "The Cost of Sharing Information in a Social World." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8H99HNX.
Full textAbstract:
With the increasing prevalence of large scale online social networks, the field has evolved from studying small scale networks and interactions to massive ones that encompass huge fractions of the world’s population. While many methods focus on techniques at scale applied to a single domain, methods that apply techniques across multiple domains are becoming increasingly important. These methods rely on understanding the complex relationships in the data. In the context of social networks, the big data available allows us to better model and analyze the flow of information within the network.
The first part of this thesis discusses methods to more effectively learn and predict in a social network by leveraging information across multiple domains and types of data. We document a method to identify users from their access to content in a network and their click behavior. Even on a macro level, click behavior is often hard to obtain. We describe a technique to predict click behavior using other public information about the social network.
Communication within a network inevitably has some bias that can be attributed to individual preferences and quality as well as the underlying structure of the network. The second part of the thesis characterizes the structural bias in a network by modeling the underlying information flow as a commodity of trade.
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Chihombori, Daniel. "Cost-sharing in higher education financing in Zimbabwe, 1957- 2009." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3266.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Educationis - MEdCost-sharing is neither a new subject nor a recent practice in the financing of students’ higher education in Zimbabwe. The practice of cost-sharing in Zimbabwe’s higher education dates back to the colonial period. Unlike those African countries that have historically had free higher education, in Zimbabwe cost-sharing has always been part of its higher education financing formulae. As a result, whereas the challenge in other African countries has been to shift from free higher education to cost-sharing, the challenge in Zimbabwe has been that of moving from one cost-sharing model to another. While Zimbabwe has experimented with various cost-sharing strategies, literature on the country’s experiences with the practice is limited. This study fills the knowledge gap by identifying and accounting for the shifts in the conception and practice of cost-sharing in the financing of students’ higher education in Zimbabwe. Consistent with the study’s focus on describing and understanding historical processes (shifts in cost-sharing policy over time) in higher education financing in Zimbabwe, a qualitative approach was adopted to gather and analyze data. In particular, the study used an historical research design to identify and account for the policy shifts in higher education financing in Zimbabwe from 1957 to 2009. The scope of the study was limited to student funding in the public university sector. The study used documents as the major sources of data, while interviews and focus group discussions with key actors in higher education financing in Zimbabwe provided additional data to validate data generated from document sources. The study demonstrates that Zimbabwe adopted cost-sharing in higher education financing at the very point of inception of the first university in the country, the University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which is now the University of Zimbabwe in 1957. Starting (in 1957) with a deferred tuition fee policy that was complemented by a mortgage type loan system and government grants, a confluence of global, national and local forces combined in specific fashion in specific historical epochs over time to ‘negotiate’ and ‘renegotiate’ the student funding models. It is further shown that during the colonial era, while the cost-sharing model rode on the back of a favourable Government loan and grant system aimed at promoting access to higher education, the racist basis of colonial education policies created bottlenecks that severely curtailed access to higher education by the majority black population. Colonial education policy iii regimes deliberately limited the feeding streams into university enrolments by black students, resulting in a proportional mismatch between the number of white students entering university and that of black students. Thus, during the colonial era, access to higher education was largely a function of the ‘barrier’ system in African education that defined inequality between whites and Africans. Independence in 1980 saw the new socialist government embracing the loan and grant based cost-sharing model and further implementing radical measures to democratize access to education. However, the increase in student numbers and in higher education institutions, coupled with poor loan recovery, and the ascendancy of neoliberalism at about the turn of the twenty-first century presented serious challenges to the state’s capacity to adequately fund higher education. In the process, the loan and grant system declined gradually and was eventually replaced by an upfront tuition fee policy that took a toll on access to higher education. Noting the inadequacies of policy interventions through the introduction of the Cadetship Scheme, the ‘successor’ to the loan and grant system, the study recommends the resuscitation of the loan system. It is however, important that such reintroduction of the loan system be predicated on the development of a robust framework that ensures that loans are allocated to students who are in real financial need and that there is in existence, effective and efficient loan recovery machinery.