Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cost of operation

Academic literature on the topic 'Cost of operation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cost of operation"

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Zhang, Xuefei, Zhiwei Li, Chengzhi Wang, Xuejun Tang, and Sen Yang. "Research on operation and maintenance cost of power grid equipment based on standard operation-taking 220kV transformer substation as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129201005.

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In view of the inadequate implementation of the grid operation and maintenance standards and specifications current, the lack of planning in cost usage, and the inability to achieve single equipment collection of costs, taking 220kV substation as an example, this paper proposes a single asset operation and maintenance cost calculation method based on grid standard operations, and puts forward suggestions on the cost management of grid equipment operation and maintenance. Through verification and analysis with the relevant provisions of the cost supervision and examination method, the power grid company will face greater operating pressure, and the cost management level needs to be further improved. Through the calculation of the operation and maintenance cost of a single asset, it provides a reference basis for the distribution of the operation and maintenance cost of the power grid enterprise, and at the same time provides a reasonable explanation for the power grid enterprise to adapt to the cost supervision and review of the transportation dispatching pricing.
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Simões, Danilo, Ricardo Hideaki Miyajima, Rodrigo Petrongari Tonin, Paulo Torres Fenner, and Gislaine Cristina Batistela. "INCORPORATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A FELLER-BUNCHER." FLORESTA 48, no. 3 (June 14, 2018): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v48i3.56404.

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The constant technical and economic analysis of timber harvesting operations is essential and determining, due to the monetary magnitude. Traditionally, these analyses are conducted deterministically, which does not allow obtaining values with probabilities of occurrence. Considering this issue, stochastic models were built in order to analyze the behavior of probabilistic production cost in felling operations with feller-buncher, through the Monte Carlo method. The study was conducted in the Central-West region of the state of São Paulo in a forest of Eucalyptus sp., with six years of age, planted in 3 x 2 m spacing. Technical analysis was based on the study of time and movements, which determined the effective productivity and economy in the hourly operating cost of the feller-buncher and in the production costs of the operation. Due to uncertainties, probability distributions were assigned to these results, which identified the most relevant variables and quantified the probabilities of the production cost. The results demonstrated that the fuel cost had a statistically significant strong positive correlation coefficient ( = 0.91) (p-value < 0.01). The hourly cost, consequently, was directly proportional to the production cost of the operation. The production cost of the operation in flat relief was 18% lower than the production cost of the operation in undulating relief.
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Öztürk, Zübeyde, and Turgut Öztürk. "A simplified approach to determine the optimum operating speed on high-speed railway lines." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 2 (February 2009): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-107.

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In this study, cost–speed relationship for high speed railways was examined and optimum economic speed was investigated. The Eskişehir–Ankara section of the İstanbul–Ankara railway line, which is still under construction, was taken as the sample. This section has been completed and test runs are being conducted. The new line is constructed parallel to the old railway line and the operation speeds and operation forms of the trains on this line are not yet finalized. It is not yet clear what the maximum operation speeds of the trains will be and whether the operation will be restricted to only high speed passenger trains or a combination of passenger and freight trains will be used. Therefore, cost changes associated with speed for both operations were examined in the study. The speed for the lowest cost was investigated for the benefit of the operating institute. The rail line is scheduled to begin operation in 2010, and as such demand estimation values for 2010 and unit cost values of Turkish State Railways (TCDD) were utilized. Only construction and operation costs were analyzed, societal costs were not included in the study. Several costs were formulated independent ofthe speed, whereas the majority of them were formulated and calculated based on speed. Finally, the contribution of each studied cost component, in the total cost, and variations in these costs and total cost for different speeds for both operation conditions were analyzed in this study. It was found that some cost components increased and some decreased as the speed increases. Total cost, which includes all the cost components studied, initially dropped off then rose up as the speed incrementally increases. Minimum cost occurred at 200 km/h in the case of operating with only passenger trains, while it occurred at the second speed level in combined operation (where passenger trains are at the speed of 200 km/h and freight trains are at the speed of 90 km/h).
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Lee, Sangwan, Kuk Cho, Hyunbae Park, and Dooyong Cho. "Cost-Effectiveness of Introducing Autonomous Trucks: From the Perspective of the Total Cost of Operation in Logistics." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2023): 10467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810467.

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This study explored the economic influence of introducing fully autonomous trucks (ATs) on the total cost of operation (TCO) from the viewpoint of freight transport operators. We utilized the cost–benefit analysis and scenario planning frameworks using a case study of a middle-mile route between a port and a large logistics distribution center in South Korea, where an autonomous truck pilot project has been running for several years. We employed a data source obtained from Hanjin Transportation Co., LTD., which enables us to reflect the actual expenses of operating freight transportation in the context of the study route. The findings of this study indicate that ATs would attain substantial operation cost savings for freight transport operators across all five scenarios, ranging from the most pessimistic to the most optimistic. Specifically, results of the base scenario reveal that monthly TCO decreases by 56.25, 47.04, 42.97, and 41.73 percent for 1-, 5-, 12-, and 25-ton trucks, respectively. The cost reduction per month was USD 2399 for a 1-ton truck, USD 2891 for a 5-ton truck, and USD 3438 for a 12-ton truck. Even in the most pessimistic scenario, the operation cost savings for operating with ATs in the route are USD 1415, USD 1642, USD 1985, and USD 2222 per month for 1-, 5-, 12-, and 25-ton trucks, respectively. When factoring in changes in cost, the wage reduction for vehicle drivers was substantial (USD 2430, USD 2835, USD 3240, and USD 3645 for 1-, 5-, 12-, and 25-ton trucks, respectively). However, remote operation was a new cost factor that increased TCO, which increased by USD 243,384,357 in the base case. This study’s findings have multiple implications, including (1) informing economic efficiency and productivity of operating autonomous vehicles (AVs), (2) providing insights on indicative cost estimates for AV operations, (3) providing valuable information for making informed investment decisions, and (4) supporting the notion that freight transport is an especially attractive market for AVs.
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Chen, Jing Pu, and Wei Wei Wang. "“Target-Operation” Cost Management Model." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1022.

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Objective cost management and Activity-Based cost management are both more advanced cost management methods, but they are difficult to overcome their own shortcomings. In order to overcome the defects of these two methods of cost management, in the meanwhile, to find a new way to perfect the cost control system in enterprise, the writer planned to make this study. By analyzing and summarizing the domestic and international research results based on the integration of the Objective cost management and Activity-Based cost management, the writer pointed out the lack of current research and raised from the development, design, procurement, production and service to the full range of “Target-Operation” cost management, and designed three functional modules, including target cost estimate module, operation chain optimization module, cost breakdown and control module and auxiliary module to improve the model's content. This study offers a new way for the managers of enterprises in the field of cost control system and strengthening enterprise competitive power.
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Shirbhate, Sanjay. "Multipurpose Low Cost Table Machine." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (S) (July 10, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.icsesd201710.

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The concept of this paper is to develop idea of multipurpose machine as by conducting various operation on same machine, using single operating system. Here, in this machine there is a electric motor which is connected to the pulleys driven by belt (more than one pulley for various speed). The pulley is connected with the shaft which rotate in circular motion and to this shaft circular tools are connected as per required operation as circular saw cuts wooden pieces, pipe cutter will cuts iron rod or iron hollow pipe, grinding circular wheel grinds the job, polishing wheel polishes the job etc. more types of tools and the operation can be done on the same machine. The idea of this machine is to motivate small scale house hold units for ex. Furniture making, office table, Chair, show case for wedding ceremony etc. with low cost machines with multipurpose operation done on same machine.
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Lu, Jianglin, Yaxin Zhang, and Yiming Su. "Research on Urban Rail Transit Operation Optimization Based on Target Planning." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 105 (June 30, 2024): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hjv2rh13.

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The optimization of train schedule is one of the classic problems in the traffic organization mode in the field of rail transit. In order to reduce the operation cost of operators and improve the service level of passengers, it is feasible and necessary to optimize the train operation road. This paper considers the factors of minimum number of trains and total mileage of trains, and minimizes the operating cost of enterprises and maximizes the passenger service level in the context of urban rail transit operation with large and small crossing schemes. We used the weighted coefficient method to combine multiple targets into a single optimization problem and perform the model solution using Lingo software. The results provide insights into the best train operation scheme, including the number of large and small crossings, operating distances, and the number of trains required for effective urban rail transit operations.
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Alayo, Jorge Hans. "A Least Cost Transmission Planning Model Considering Operation Cost." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2013-0124.

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Abstract Existing transmission planning models consider basic aspects of the problem. In practice, a transmission utility needs to model other important details such as operation cost of the power system. In this article, a least cost transmission expansion model is proposed considering the operation cost in order to model the trade-off between building new transmission capacity and increasing the power system’s operation cost. The proposed model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem using linearization techniques and solved with CPLEX. Finally, results of the model for the Garver test system and IEEE 24-bus test system are shown.
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Liu, Peng. "A Modal for Operation Coordination among Regional Rail Transit, Urban Metro and Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1970.

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In order to achieve joint operation among regional rail transit, urban rail transit and major bus lines, a joint operation coordination model was set up to optimize the joint operation, based on the analysis to the operation rules and cost of three mode of transit and passenger's travel cost. Thereafter, the standard genetic algorithm was used to test the application of this model with an example. And test results show that: the total cost and operating cost of joint operation system and passengers' waiting cost and transfer cost in the peak hour or in the flat peak hour are lower in the coordination state than in the non-coordination state; and passengers' travel cost are reduced more significantly than operation cost of joint coordination system. This can significantly increase passengers' satisfaction and it is very favorable to the operators' long-term operation and intelligent control.
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Thalheimer, Erich. "Cryptocurrency mining noise: The cost of progress?" INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-666.

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Love it or loathe it, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are here to stay. Yet do you know how crypto is "manufactured"? It turns out to be a very noisy operation! Hundreds, if not thousands of powerful computer servers and processors are needed to solve the vexing Bitcoin mining algorithms. And those computers generate heat, a lot of heat (!), that must be cooled and ventilated, thus creating noise. This paper will describe the noise assessment and control efforts performed on a major Bitcoin mining operation in Tennessee. Megawatts of power are needed to support the operations, and the ventilation noise was causing significant community complaints that threatened to shut down the mining operation. Fortunately, application of some traditional and custom-made noise mitigation measures solved the noise problem and allowed the mining operation to proceed around the clock. At the time of writing this abstract, 1 Bitcoin = $46,500.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cost of operation"

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Shbaita, Maher. "Relationship Between Regulatory Compliance Cost, Operation Cost, and Profitability of Credit Unions." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7840.

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The decline in the profitability of credit unions with less than $10 million in assets harms the number of small credit unions available to serve local communities. Grounded in the financial intermediation theory, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between regulatory compliance costs, operation costs, and profitability. The population of this study consisted of federally insured credit unions with less than $10 million in assets and located in the state of Texas. Archival data from the National Credit Union Administration database were collected and analyzed. Multiple regression was used to identify a statistically significant predictive model, F (2, 49) = 3.834, p = .028, R2 =.135. The implications for positive social change include the potential for credit union managers to improve decision-making processes related to current and future operations and investments, which could increase profitability and contribute to the financial prosperity of employees, employees' families, communities, and local economies.
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Stanislaw, Andrew C. "A cost benefit analysis for the bicycle as a transportation alternative." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020173.

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Cost benefit analysis is the conventional method of evaluating automobile transportation improvements. This study examined traditional automobile evaluation methods and applied the same techniques to bicycle transportation projects. Cost data from recent research is summarized and eleven costs (five internal and six external) were estimated. The cost estimates are used to calculate automobile and bicycle costs per mile of travel. A case study of a hypothetical corridor is used to demonstrate how the transportation costs can be applied to specific planning problems. The case study explores what effect shifts in modal distribution would have on the cost effectiveness of automobile and bicycle alternatives. The findings of the study begin to question the underlying premises of traditional cost benefit analysis in transportation projects. The study suggests that conventional analysis is fundamentally flawed and biased toward automobile transportation.
Department of Urban Planning
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Theron, Jenny. "The commodification and commercialisation of peace operations and security co-operations : a case study of Operation Rachel /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2505.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
Peace operations and security co-operations are expensive. Even though there are a variety of factors that influences peace agents when they consider approving a new, expanding an existing, or closing down a peace operation or security co-operation, one of these factors is the cost factor. If we were to isolate the cost factor it would follow that a reduction in the cost of peace operations and security co-operations, are likely to contribute to peace agents being more willing to approve new, expand existing or to give existing missions more time to consolidate before closing them down. There are a variety of ways how the cost of peace operations or security co-operations can be lowered. This thesis suggests an alliance with the private sector in the form of corporate sponsorships. In short, that peace operations and security co-operations be commodified and commercialised. This would entail introducing corporate sponsorship of some of the commodities that are used in peace operations and security co-operations, followed by the corporate sponsor using their involvement in the peace operation or security co-operation to their commercial advantage. The commodification and commercialisation of peace operations and security co-operations should result in the relevant operations and co-operations benefiting in a cost-effective as well as practical effectiveness sense, whereas the private sponsor should benefit in either or both a financial (profit) or an image-making sense. The psychological theory supporting such an argument is that of social identity theory. This theory explains how positive connotations made with peacemaking in warlike conditions will motivate industries to use this opportunity to show that their products can succeed in such demanding circumstances. Accordingly, social identity theory provides us with evidence as to how the commercialisation and commodification of peace operations and security co-operations can succeed. We also support our argument by providing a case study, Operation Rachel, which serves as a successful example of an operation that was (partially) commodified and commercialised. Operation Rachel, which can be seen as either or both a peace operation and security co-operation, shows that in the case of security co-operations, these operations should be presented as peace operations during the commodification and commercialisation processes.
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Johnson, J. Andrew Gates William R. Terasawa Katsuaki. "Cost estimates for Operation Desert Shield / a budgetary analysis." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1991. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA244675.

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Thesis (M.S. in Financial Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 1991.
Thesis advisors, William R. Gates and Katsuaki L. Terasawa. AD-A244 675. Bibliography: p. 151-157. Also available online.
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Johnson, J. Andrew. "Cost estimates for Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm: a budgetary analysis." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43740.

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Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm (DS/DS) presented unique challenges for estimating the cost of that conflict. This analysis reviews the cost estimates and methodologies developed for that purpose by DoD, CBO and GAO. It considers the budget climate and the role of foreign cash and in-kind contributions. Finally, it reviews the budgeting innovations used to provide and monitor DS/DS defense spending. At the outset of the crisis, costs were estimated to determine the defense funding requirements for DS/DS. Because of the specific provisions of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, these estimates focused on the incremental impact on DoD's budget. This was difficult because incremental costs were not defined and DoD's accounting structure does not measure incremental costs. As allied financial support for U.S. defense expenditures increased, cost estimates were also used to measure the relative contributions of donor countries. This led to debates over the proper definition of incremental costs. Comparing the DS/DS cost estimates and the foreign cash and in-kind contributions, it appears that foreign contributions will cover DoD's incremental budgetary costs, but not the total incremental costs of the war.
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Abdulnabi, I. O. N. "Optimization of centrifugal pumps operation for least cost and maximum availability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12480.

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There are five M.O.L. Centrifugal pumps “Main Oil Line” in Ghani oil field for transporting crude oil from Ghani oil field to Joffra oil field at a distance of about 81.25 miles (130Km) then from Joffra oil field to Ras Lanuf Terminal at a distance of about 84.40 miles (135Km). The five centrifugal pumps do not all have the same specifications. Three of these pumps have the same power (255 Kw) and are working with five impellers but the other two pumps have the same power (150 Kw) and are working with six impellers. The efficiency and the head are the same for each pump. So the total power in the pumping system is (1,065 Kw). Usually two out of five centrifugal pumps are operational the other three pumps are on standby in case of failure of one or more pumps. These pumps are 24 years old and subjected to routine maintenance. This project presents a study to optimize the existing pumping system in order to make the capital cost less. The main change will be in pumping station design mainly to decrease the number of the existing centrifugal pumps with less cost and to meet Veba Oil Operations (VOO) requirements. As mentioned, the system is required to transport 45,000 BPD (298 m3/h), during the expected life of the project, which is through the pumping system from Ghani oil field to Joffra oil field then to Ras Lanuf Terminal. This study offers different pump design to evaluate and select the optimum design according to the lowest cost, highest reliability and availability.
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Lock, Jeffrey S. Weber John B. "Cost analysis for the development and operation of a mobile wireless research facility /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FLock%FMBA.pdf.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Brian D. Steckler, George W. Thomas, Juliette A. Webb. "MBA professional report"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98). Also available online.
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Dvorak, Gary John. "Economic analysis of irrigation pumping plants." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9834.

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Lännevall, Joel. "Operation dependent costs of non-optimal hydropower production : Effects on the operational pattern of the Small Lule River." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294867.

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In the present electrical market there is an increasing penetration of intermittent energy sources. Several studies have examined its effect on the planning of hydropower operation and the conclusion is that an increasing intermittent production is likely to result in a more variable hydropower operation, utilising a wider span of operational set points. The wear of a hydropower unit is generally at a minimum when operated close to best efficiency and increases when operating at higher or lower set points. This study introduces a method to calculate an operation dependent cost (ODC) function for an arbitrary hydropower unit or unit combination based on vibration measurements and operational data. The method is tested in a case study where an ODC is implemented in Akkats, located in the Small Lule River in order to evaluate its effect on operational pattern, profitability and balancing contribution. The results show that the implemented ODC mainly affects Akkats. For an increasing ODC, Akkats is operated closer to the best point of efficiency and the operational pattern gets less variable and the effect gets more apparent the lower the spot price. Akkats ability to follow the spot price is reduced, decreasing the earning per produced energy with a few percent­ages. Akkats balancing contribution decreases significantly more, due to a less variable operational pattern. The study compares the reduced ODC to the reduced spot income and concludes that the wear cost in Akkats has to be above 1,21 €/MWh in order to be economically feasible to include in the planning. The operational pattern for the simulated river is close to unchanged at highest price hours but during lower price hours an increasing ODC results in an increased production, due to an increasing mean flow and changed operational pattern in Akkats. More production during low prices hours results in a decreasing profitability for all plants along the river. The balancing contribution is close to unchanged in all plants except Akkats, since the production still follows the same pattern.
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Moreno, Vieyra Rodrigo Andres. "Reliability and cost-benefit-based standards for transmission network operation and design." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9503.

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The growing interest in decarbonising electricity systems together with advances in communication and information technologies that may support the application of demand and generation solutions to solve network problems has initiated reviews of traditional operational practices and security grid standards in a number of jurisdictions. The key concern is that these historical practices and standards, mostly developed in the 1950‘s, might be inappropriate for the new emerging systems as they may pose entry barriers for both renewable generation and smart grid technologies. This thesis presents a probabilistic cost-benefit framework for the development of future efficient operating and design strategies and network security standards enabled by new technologies. By optimally balancing the costs of network constraints with various operational measures composed of preventive and corrective control actions, considering potential outages of network and generation facilities, optimal network capacity that could be released to network users in real time is determined along with its impacts on network design. This framework is compatible with smart grid concepts which integrate new generation, network, and demand technology. Together with the aforementioned framework, a full optimisation model that serves to scrutinise the characteristics of the proposed probabilistic standards in the presence of high penetration of wind is developed by means of a Benders algorithm. To reduce the computational times and memory usage, a novel technique that eliminates redundant scenarios (i.e. outages) that do not contribute towards the optimum solution and hence simplifies the optimisation procedure is presented and successfully tested. The studies demonstrate that various operational measures (such as generation and demand response) can be effectively used to release additional network capacity with small (or even nil) increases in risk. It is also demonstrated that the GB system would benefit in terms of network investment and congestion costs if the changes proposed were adopted.
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Books on the topic "Cost of operation"

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White, Joseph. Understanding long-term medicare cost estimates. New York, N.Y: Century Foundation, 1999.

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Clark, Robert Maurice. Granular activated carbon: Design, operation, and cost. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1989.

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Donne, Michael. Low-cost airlines. London: TTI, 2000.

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Donne, Michael. Low-cost airlines. London: Travel & Tourism Intelligence, 2000.

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Canadian Transport Commission. Research Branch. Railway Costing: A Review. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Agus, Setyarso, and Indonesia. Departemen Kehutanan. Biro Perencanaan dan Keuangan., eds. Pembiayaan dalam operasionalisasi kesatuan pengelolaan hutan. Jakarta: Biro Perencanaan dan Keuangan, Sekretariat Jenderal, Departemen Kehutanan, 2007.

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Bennis, M. J. De kosten van de auto en het openbaar vervoer vergeleken, 1962-1990. Amsterdam: SEO, Stichting voor Economisch Onderzoek der Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1991.

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Butler, J. R. G. Hospital cost analysis. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 1995.

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Wagstaff, Adam. Hospital cost functions for developing countries. Washington, DC (1818 H. St. NW, Washington 20433): Population and Human Resources Dept., the World Bank, 1992.

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Gaynor, Martin. Hospital costs and the cost of empty hospital beds. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cost of operation"

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Collis, Jill, and Roger Hussey. "Continuous-Operation Costing." In Cost and Management Accounting, 87–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-90655-0_10.

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Hussey, Roger. "Continuous Operation Costing." In Cost and Management Accounting, 94–96. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19930-3_10.

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Ajol, Tracy Adeline, Shirley Sinatra Gran, and Awang Nasrizal Awang Ali. "Minimizing Warehouse Operation Cost." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 – Volume 2, 625–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8471-3_62.

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Voutchkov, Nikolay. "Operation and Maintenance Costs." In Desalination Project Cost Estimating and Management, 111–40. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351242738-5.

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Guzman, Ernesto A. "Equipment Owning and Operating Cost." In Heavy Equipment Operation and Maintenance Manual, 155–58. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003360667-26.

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Kołowrocki, Krzysztof, and Beata Magryta. "Changing System Operation States Influence on Its Total Operation Cost." In Theory and Applications of Dependable Computer Systems, 355–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48256-5_35.

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Ruijing, Shi, Ren Peng, Fan Xiaochao, and Wang Jianglei. "Study on Optimization Operation of Micro-energy Network Considering Electro-ammonia Conversion." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 452–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_44.

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AbstractMicro energy networks are an important way to achieve the “carbon neutrality” goal. To further explore the potential of energy conversion in reducing carbon emissions, this article proposes an optimized operation model for micro energy networks with refined power-to-ammonia conversion. Based on the operation model considering carbon trading and comprehensive demand response, an optimization model for micro energy networks with refined power-to-ammonia conversion is established, with the objective of minimizing the system’s operating cost and carbon emissions. Utilizing examples, various micro-source energy dispatch conditions are analyzed and the carbon emission costs, as well as the overall operating costs of the micro energy network, are calculated. The results show that compared with power-to-hydrogen conversion, using power-to-ammonia conversion in micro energy networks can effectively reduce system carbon emissions, with a decrease of 7.88% and a total operating cost reduction of 5.36%. This verifies the feasibility of the model and demonstrates that improving energy utilization can achieve the synergistic operation of the system’s economy and low-carbon emissions.
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Bini, Dario, and Victor Y. Pan. "Bit-Operation (Boolean) Cost of Arithmetic Computations." In Polynomial and Matrix Computations, 228–94. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0265-3_3.

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Wise, Lauress L., Linda T. Curran, and James R. McBride. "CAT-ASVAB cost and benefit analyses." In Computerized adaptive testing: From inquiry to operation., 227–36. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10244-024.

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Liu, Fengwen, Xiaofeng Chen, Li Li, Rui You, Chaosai Ma, and Siwei Hou. "Remote operation and maintenance cost control algorithm for smart grid operation state." In Advances in Urban Engineering and Management Science Volume 2, 361–66. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003345329-46.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cost of operation"

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Cheng, Tao-ming, Shien-Tang Wu, and Yi-Wei Tseng. "Construction Operation Simulation Tool - Cost." In 17th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2000/0127.

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de Lepeleire, Ricardo, Nicolas Rogozinski, Hank Rogers, and Daniel Ferrari. "Logic Sequence Prevents Launching Devices Downhole Out of Sequence." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23167.

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Within the oil and gas industry, significant costs are often incurred by the operating company during the well-construction phase of drilling operations. Specifically, the operators cost to drill a well can cost tens or hundreds of millions of USD. One specific area where significant changes in drilling operations have occurred is in the offshore environment, specifically operations from mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs). With the ever-increasing demand for oil and gas, operators globally have increased drilling budgets in an effort to meet forecasted demand. However, the increased budgets are often eroded or offset by increasing drilling costs. Therefore, operators are continually in search of new technology, processes, or procedures to help improve drilling operations and overall operational efficiencies. One Latin America operator identified a common operation as a possible area where operational cost could be easily reduced through the implementation of systems that allow the manipulation of valve manifolds remotely. Additionally, operating such valve manifolds remotely enhanced operational safety for personnel, which was an equally important consideration. This paper details the evaluation of existing equipment and procedures and a process used to develop a new remote-control system using a machine logic control (MLC) that has been designed, built, tested, and deployed successfully on MODUs operating in Latin America.
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Hidayat, Azis, Noke Fajar Prakoso, Ahmad Sujai, and PT Medco. "Production and Cost Optimization in a Complex Onshore Operation Using Integrated Production Model." In SPE Symposium: Production Enhancement and Cost Optimisation. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189223-ms.

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Hendler, Danny, and Nir Shavit. "Operation-valency and the cost of coordination." In the twenty-second annual symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/872035.872047.

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Waniczek, Phillip, Dirk Therkorn, and Darrel Lilley. "Optimal Gas Turbine Power Plant Operation Regarding Fuel and Maintenance Cost." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65266.

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This paper describes a method that optimizes the commercial benefit by modifying gas turbine control parameters like turbine inlet temperature and variable inlet guide vane position for any dispatched power plant load. The method is a trade-off between best efficiency in the component characteristic together with higher efficiency due to increased turbine inlet temperature and lifetime. With commercial data, both effects are transferred into costs and an optimization routine identifies controller settings for minimum power plant operation cost. Test cases demonstrate the advantage of the operational cost optimization. Costs are calculated based on historic plant data with the original and the optimized operation concept. Although savings per operating hour are small, the accumulated savings over years or major inspection intervals are significant. It could be demonstrated that in regions with high fuel prices the commercial benefit of the optimized gas turbine operating concept sums up to “several million dollars” of savings. Parametric and sensitivity studies show the effect of the main parameters. Dispatch power optimization is not subject of the presented model, but can be implemented on top of the proposed concept. All in all, this work demonstrates and quantifies the commercial benefits when todays and future digital industrial capabilities are applied to gas turbine operation concepts and strategies. The proposed digital approach has the advantage of minimum investment and is attractive for gas turbine operators to generate electricity at lower costs and fuel consumption, increasing revenues and minimizing environmental impact.
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Gobereit, Birgit, Lars Amsbeck, Reiner Buck, and Csaba Singer. "Cost Analysis of Different Operation Strategies for Falling Particle Receivers." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49354.

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The potential for highly efficient and cost competitive solar energy collection at high temperatures drives the actual research and development activities for particle tower systems. One promising concept for particle receivers is the falling particle receiver. This paper is related to a particle receiver, in which falling ceramic particles form a particle curtain, which absorbs the concentrated solar radiation. Complex operation strategies will result in higher receiver costs, for both investment and operation. The objective of this paper is to assess the influence of the simultaneous variation of receiver costs and efficiency characteristics on levelized cost of heat (LCOH) and on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Applying cost assumptions for the particle receiver and the particle transport system, the LCOE are estimated and compared for each considered concept. The power level of the compared concepts is 125 MWel output at design point. The sensitivity of the results on the specific cost assumptions is analyzed. No detailed evaluation is done for the thermal storage, but comparable storage utilization and costs are assumed for all cases.
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Junior, Fidelis José Coimbra, Robert Da Silva Bressan, Eduardo Ribeiro Nicolosi, Andre Luiz Bervilaqua Santana, Douglas Correa De Souza, Paulo Tavares Fernandes, and Gabriel Maial Tavares. "Cost Reduction Challenges in Subsea Decommissioning Operations." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32601-ms.

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Abstract Decommissioning operations in Brazil are increasing with the end of life of several assets. A relevant challenge for the decommissioning scenario is the cost estimate for the operations due to the existent uncertainties found in the evaluated scenarios. The objective of the article is to present the work carried out through a strategic program to reduce the average decommissioning cost in subsea operations. The average cost reduction initiative involves a technical working group that includes subsea engineering, project management and subsea operations members. This initiative comprises four major areas. Three of them (pull-out, removal and subsea operations) cover new tools for operations and review of operational procedures, adapting them to the actual demands of decommissioning projects. The fourth area, technology, seeks to automate the development of the flexible pipe removal project, especially in offshore fields where several pipe crossings are present. Ten fronts are being implemented, such as building up pull-out alternatives, using new tools and procedures in addition to the conventional ones. On the Removal front, processes are being adjusted to reduce the amount of material needed and new flowline recovery techniques with the use of new tools are being tested and implemented. The creation of actions for mapping scraps on the seabed is also being carried out. Another front under development is focused on the implementation of new techniques for cutting flexible pipes, connection opening and plugging equipment. And finally, automation of the sequencing of flexible pipes and umbilical removal will bring a significant gain in terms of resources and time management, in addition to operational improvement. The expectation is that these multiple fronts will save about US$ 40 million during operations in the coming years, in addition to saving operation time and contributing to future operation. Furthermore, it is estimated a 48% reduction in total time compared to a standard operation, when we consider the accumulation of gains on each front. The novelty of this program is linked to the fronts dealing with technology and processes. The creation of a computational algorithm is proposed to design an optimal order of vessel interventions over a field, which is currently done manually by the project engineers.
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Huang, Shou-Meng. "XML Query Optimization Model Based on Cost Operation." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Educational Informatization (CSEI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csei47661.2019.8938907.

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Pasni, Imelda, and Ignatius T. Wibowo. "Achieving Low Cost Operation in Mature Oil Fields." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/64452-ms.

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Xinggao Liu and Mingguang Wu. "Operation Cost Optimization of Heat Integrated Distillation Columns." In 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1712678.

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Reports on the topic "Cost of operation"

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Smidts, Carol, Yunfei Zhao, Xiaoxu Diao, Pavan Kumar Vaddi, Michael Pietrykowski, Wei Gao, Jaydeep Thik, Marat Khafizov, Yeni Li, and Hany Abdel-Khalik. Big Data For Operation and Maintenance Cost Reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1837089.

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Bergman, Richard D. Operation and cost of a small dehumidification dry kiln. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rn-310.

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Maples, B., G. Saur, M. Hand, R. van de Pietermen, and T. Obdam. Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Strategies to Reduce the Cost of Offshore Wind Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220079.

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Maples, B., G. Saur, M. Hand, R. van de Pieterman, and T. Obdam. Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Strategies to Reduce the Cost of Offshore Wind Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087778.

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Quinn, Brian, Jordan Bates, Michael Parker, and Sally Shoop. A detailed approach to autonomous vehicle control through Ros and Pixhawk controllers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42460.

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A Polaris MRZR military utility vehicle was used as a testing platform to develop a novel, low cost yet feature-rich, approach to adding remote operation and autonomous driving capability to a military vehicle. The main concept of operation adapts steering and throttle output from a low cost commercially available Pixhawk autopilot controller and translates the signal into the necessary inputs for the Robot Operating System (ROS) based drive by wire system integrated into the MRZR. With minimal modification these enhancements could be applied to any vehicle with similar ROS integration. This paper details the methods and testing approach used to develop this autonomous driving capability.
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Simmons. L51814 Survey Of Dry Low NOx Combustor Experience. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010207.

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Air pollution has become a major public issue and it is now evident that unburned hydrocarbons, CO, and NOx must meet increasingly restrictive standards. The emissions of nitrogen oxides by gas turbines are of concern because of their high toxicity and their role in the formation of photochemical smog. The formation of NOx occurs in a gas-fired gas turbine when combustion temperatures exceed a critical level for sufficient time to allow atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen to combine. For those gas turbine applications where steam or ultra-pure water are readily available, then steam or water injection are preferable NOx control strategies. Because these attributes are usually not available at pipeline compression stations, the turbine operators in the pipeline industry have chosen to control emissions by a dry combustion process. An alternative would be a catalytic reduction of the NOx generated in the exhaust gas but this requires an investment in SCR hardware and continuous use of ammonia, which adds to operating costs. Historically, dry low emissions (DLE) systems have experienced a greater than expected number of start-up problems as new products were introduced to the marketplace. A need of the gas pipeline industry is to identify the operating problems experienced with DLE systems, to link these problems to their most probable cause, to estimate costs incurred, and to glean strategies for avoiding future problems. A comprehensive PRCI sponsored survey of operators and manufacturers was completed which provides assistance to gas turbine operators in making NOx control procurement decisions and for budgeting operations and maintenance costs. This first ever detailed study provides information on typical operating costs and problems incurred with the currently operating DLE systems and serves as a guide for individual companies in the selection of cost effective low NOx combustion systems from available components offered by the OEM and after-market suppliers. The information developed by this report is intended to guide operators in estimating maintenance and repair costs to establish a lifetime cost of operation.
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Bernstein. L51797 Life Management of the RB211-24C Gas Turbine. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010427.

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Gas turbine engines are in common use in the Gas Pipeline industry to drive gas compressors in compression facilities. One of the major cost factors in the operation of these turbines is the repair or replacement of the hot section components. Technology that can extend the operational life of these components, or increase the ability to repair these components, is of immediate financial and operational benefit to members of PRCI. The RB211 gas turbine engine is commonly used in compression facilities. The life of the model 24C HP turbine blades is currently inadequate, leading to early replacement at a cost of approximately $300,000 per set. Actual life is not known by the users (or the OEM) and existing estimates are unreliable. Since users do not have adequate means to predict the point at which the blades must be retired, this study of the RB211-24C HP blade life factors was initiated to provide users with guidance for blade maintenance. The objectives of the project were to define the life factors affecting the repair and replacement decisions for the RB211-24C HP turbine blades. This includes determining the operative degradation modes of these turbine blades; the expected life of these blades as a function of engine operation; the potential to repair these blades, and the potential to obtain additional life and durability of the blades by the use of more protective coatings.
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Falconer, David G. L51774 Remote Sensing of Hazardous Ground Movement about Buried Gas Transmission Lines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011973.

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Reviews the available sensors for monitoring hazardous ground movement. Our review was limited to airborne and spaceborne sensors for access, performance, and productivity considerations. It was observed that certain ground movement is comparatively localized, e.g., earthquake faulting, while other activity may extend for thousands of kilometers, e.g., frost heave. Accordingly, we have considered two operating modes for the sensor-platform system, namely, site-by-site and continuous corridor. To determine the suitability of the candidate sensors for pipeline monitoring, we have assessed the expected performance, operational aspects, and cost of each sensor-platform combination as a function of operating mode. Finally, we have developed a business model for (1) operation of the recommended sensor systems by fee-for-service contractors; (2) analysis of the collected data by image-analysis specialists; and (3) use of the survey products by pipeline engineers.
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Muelaner, Jody. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021021.

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While direct electrification appears to provide the most cost-effective route to decarbonization of commercial vehicles, uptake may be constrained by critical metal supply. Additionally, it will be many years before hydrogen power becomes decarbonized or if it can ever compete economically with direct electrification. An electric road system (ERS) could offer a highly efficient and cost-effective route to direct electrification that would greatly reduce the volume of batteries required, but pilot schemes are urgently needed to provide concrete data on operating costs for different ERS technologies. Furthermore, if plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could obtain most of their power from an ERS, liquid biofuels and “electrofuels” may prove useful for occasional off-grid range extension. To achieve extremely long-range for operation in remote locations, liquid fuels remain the only viable option. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles discusses the analysis required to understand the lifecycle energy use for different power options for decarbonized commercial vehicles.
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Oakes, Matt, Jacob Konrade, Mark Bleckinger, Marc Turner, Sydney Hughes, Hannah Hoffman, Travis Shultz, and Eric Lewis. Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants, Volume 5: Natural Gas Electricity Generating Units for Flexible Operation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1973266.

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