Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cosmographia'
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1
McLean, Matthew. "The 'Cosmographia' of Sebastian Münster." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13902.
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The sixteenth century was a time in which knowledge about the world grew exponentially in both its material content and the enthusiasm with which works treating of it were received. One of the most popular, long-lived and influential books of the kind was Sebastian Munster's Cosmographia, printed from 1544 to 1628, in 35 editions and five languages. The Cosmographia attempted nothing less than a geography of the whole known world, an encyclopaedia of its contents and a history of all its peoples. Based upon a close reading of the Latin 1550 edition of the Cosmographia. and supported by Munster's correspondence and other primary texts, this study examines several aspects of Munster's great work. A biographical chapter describes his Hebrew scholarship, the ethos of his humanist community and their influence upon his cosmography. The genre of cosmography, its ancient origins and development, are traced in the following chapter, as too are the alternative formulations favoured by his contemporaries. An account of the means by which Munster assembled the information for his book is next constructed, attending especially to his own empirical surveys and his creation of a learned network of those willing to do likewise. This chapter also surveys the printing, editions and reception of the Cosmographia. The final two chapters examine the contents and values of the book. They describe the organisation of the material and Munster's treatment of geography, history, ethnography, zoology and of prodigies of nature. The understanding of the world which emerges is analysed, addressing tolerance, identity, the high esteem of learning, and the reconciliation of faith with a burgeoning science. Also examined is Munster's concept of providence, which admonished the reader with the lessons of the fallen civilisations described in his Cosmographia, designed as a book of the world, an ark for its knowledge, and a Wunderkammer for its glories.
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Kauntze, Mark. "The science of Bernardus Silvestris: A study of the Cosmographia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492450.
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This thesis proposes a new reading of the Cosmographia of Bernardus Silvestris and a reconsideration of the work's place in the intellectual history of the twelfth century. A complex allegory of creation, the Cosmographia depends on a wide variety of scientific, literary and theological traditions. This thesis seeks to identify the classical, patristic and early medieval traditions to which Bernardus was indebted, and it argues that the Cosmographia deployed the resources of these traditions to respond to the changing intellectual conditions of the schools of northern France where Bernardus worked.
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Nilges, William H. "The critic as artist: Lady Nature and medieval philosophical psychology in the Cosmographia, the Romance of the Rose, and The Parliament of Fowls." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407410611.
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Lestringant, Frank. "André Thevet, cosmographe." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120045.
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La carriere d'andre thevet (1516-1592), cosmographe des quatre derniers valois, se developpe au moment ou l'hegemonie espagnole sur de l'angleterre et de la france. En relation avec l'europe des humanistes, celebre par les poetes de la pleiade a l'unisson et situe au centre d'un reseau d'informateurs ou l'on rencontre des navigateurs camps, il se heurte a l'hostilite conjuguee du parti protestant, qu'il clastes d'une science liberee du carcan des autorites traditionnelles et proclamant la souverainete de la seule experience. L'etude biographique, fondee sur des documents d'archives inedits, est completee par une reflexion epistemologique sur le genre ephemere de la cosmographie encyclopedie geographique qui anticipe, par les voies de l'imagination et du bricolage mythique, sur la perception totale d'un monde a la fois clos et ouvert. . . Une reflexion epistemologique sur le genre ephemere de la cosmographie, clos et ouvert. . .Among which we find sailors and "truchements", he was alble to his return from the brazil of the cannibals, when france was engaged as geographical encyclopedia; through the use of imagination and mythological "bricolage", the genre anticipates the total perceptions
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Lestringant, Frank. "André Thevet, cosmographe." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376152699.
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Pliam, Steven L. "Cosmographic Origins for a New Classicism." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35809.
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The spirit of the Latin 'classicus' as a broad ideology has in one sense existed through every age of modern human history. It could begin to be described as an attitude that is resistant to sudden change and is not interested in dramatic breaks with tradition or the avant garde. It embraces the methodical evolution of aesthetic and artistic values that are connected at their origin to a cosmography which is conceived within every given age. This large-scale conception of existence which encompasses all of what is known in the cosmos is a primary manifestation of every culture.
Several systems of ideas are given by 20th century theoretical physics. They are the foundation of our science and provide an explicit basis for all branches of scientific endeavor. Taken as a whole, they constitute the current understanding of our universe--our world. What emerges from the ideas given by relativity theory, quantum physics, string theory, and the mathematics of astro-physics is a profound and far reaching cosmography resembling nothing like that of the Renaissance or of classical Greece. Non-Euclidean geometry and the math of higher dimensional space begin to break free of their abstract character as these symbolic disciplines now inform and reconcile the reality of cosmic space.
It is therefore appropriate to understand the cosmography of today in relation to the new science paradigm. As cosmic space and conceptual space have always been intimately connected in architecture of the classical spirit, this new cosmography then becomes a viable basis for reestablishing a classical expression.Master of Architecture
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McConville, David. "On the evolution of the heavenly spheres : an enactive approach to cosmography." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3530.
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The ability to view the world from multiple perspectives is essential for tackling complex, interconnected challenges. Yet conventional academic structures are designed to produce knowledge through ever-increasing specialization and compartmentalization. This fragmentation is often reinforced by tacit dualistic assumptions that prioritize linear thinking and abstract ways of knowing. Though the need for integrated approaches has been widely acknowledged, effective techniques for transcending disciplinary boundaries remain elusive. This thesis describes a practical strategy that uses immersive visualizations to cultivate transdisciplinary perspectives. It develops an enactive approach to cosmography, contending that processes of visualizing and interpreting the cosmos iteratively shape ‘views’ of the ‘world.’ The archetypal trope of the heavenly sphere is examined to demonstrate the significance of its interpretations in this history of ideas. Action research and mixed methods are employed to elucidate the theoretical considerations, cultural relevance, and practical consequences of this approach. The study begins with an investigation into the recurring appearance of the heavenly sphere across time, in which its embodied origins, metaphorical influence, and material embodiments are considered. Particular attention is given to how cosmographic tools and techniques have facilitated imaginary ‘flights’ through the heavens, from the ecstatic bird’s eye view of the shaman to the ‘Archimedean point’ of modern science. It then examines how these cosmographic practices have shaped cosmological beliefs and paradigmatic assumptions. Next, the practical utility of this approach is demonstrated through the development of cosmographic hermeneutics, a technique using visual heuristics to interpret cosmic models from transdisciplinary world views. Finally, the performative practice of cosmotroping is described, in which cosmographic hermeneutics are applied to re-imagine the ancient dream of the transcendent ‘cosmic journey’ within immersive vision theaters. This study concludes that the re-emergence of the heavenly sphere within the contemporary Digital Universe Atlas provides a leverage point for illuminating the complexity of knowledge production processes. It is claimed that this research has produced a practical strategy for demonstrating that the ultimate Archimedean point is the ability to recognize the limits of our own knowledge, a crucial first step in cultivating much-needed multi-perspectival and paradoxical spherical thinking.
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Acebrón, Muñoz Ana. "Cosmography with strong lensing in galaxy clusters." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0256.
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Dans le modèle standard de cosmologie ΛCDM, environ 72% de la densité d'énergie totale de l'Univers se présente sous la forme d'énergie sombre qui causerait la présente accélération de l'Univers. Parmi les sondes cosmologiques couramment utilisées, l'effet de lentille gravitationnel forte dans les amas est une technique prometteuse fournissant des contraintes orthogonales sur les paramètres cosmologiques. Le programme HFF a permis une amélioration significative de l'estimation de la distribution de masse des amas. Cependant, la modélisation de l'effet de lentille forte dans les amas semble ne pas atteindre la résolution angulaire des observations HST. Cette thèse fournit une meilleure compréhension de l'impact des erreurs systématiques dans la modélisation paramétrique de l'effet de lentille forte dans les amas de galaxies et, donc, sur la détermination des paramètres cosmologiques. Premièrement, j'ai analysé deux amas de galaxies simulés, ayant les mêmes caractéristiques que les amas du programme HFF, Ares et Hera. J'ai utilisé plusieurs estimateurs afin d'évaluer la qualité de nos reconstructions obtenues, permettant de quantifier l'impact des erreurs systématiques dues, au choix des profils de densité et configurations et, ensuite, de la disponibilité d'images multiples dans la détermination de paramètres cosmologiques. Deuxièmement, en utilisant deux amas de galaxies, j'ai testé quatre modèles cosmologiques pour lesquels l'équation d'état de l'énergie sombre, w(z), est paramétrisée en fonction du redshift. J'ai réalisé plusieurs modélisations pour quantifier l'impact des erreurs systématiques liées à la position des images multiples sur les paramètres cosmologiquesIn the standard cosmological model ΛCDM, about 70% of the energy density of the Universe is in the form of a dark energy that would cause the current acceleration of the Universe. Among the extensively used cosmological probes, using strong lensing features in galaxy clusters is a promising technique yielding orthogonal constraints on cosmological parameters. The program HFF has led to a significant improvement of cluster mass estimates. However, strong lensing modelling appears to be still unable to match the HST observations angular resolution.This thesis provides a better understanding of how systematic errors impact the retrieval of cosmological parameters in order to use strong lensing clusters as reliable cosmological probes. Firstly, I have analyzed two simulated HFF-like clusters, Ares and Hera, I use several estimators to assess the goodness of our reconstructions by comparing our multiple models, with the input models. This allows to quantify the impact of systematic errors arising from the choice of different density profiles and configurations and, secondly, from the availability of constraints in the parametric modelling of strong lensing clusters and therefore on the retrieval of cosmological parameters. Secondly, I probe four cosmological models in which the equation of state of dark energy, w(z), is parameterized as a function of redshift using strong lensing features in two galaxy clusters. To quantify how the cosmological constraints are biased due to systematic effects in the strong lensing modelling, I carry out several modelling attempts considering different uncertainties for the multiple images positions
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Simek, Rudolf. "Altnordische Kosmographie : Studien und Quellen zu Weltbild und Weltbeschreibung in Norwegen und Island vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert /." Berlin ; New York : W. de Gruyter, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35361682w.
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Coppard, Sally A. "The dance between cosmography and chorography : mapping Australia." Thesis, View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/40258.
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This thesis proposes that maps contain much more than just a depiction of physical space. Focusing on a selection of maps of ‘Australia’, the following attributes are found in some of these maps: myth and imagination, memory, power and the evolution of a people’s relationship with a place. Each attribute is the centrepiece of a separate chapter. The investigation undertaken here begins before ‘Australia’ was a known, named and mapped identity, at least as far as Europe was concerned, and continues up to the present day. It moves from maps of the imagined, the unknown and the theoretical, the science of cosmography, to chorography, which concerns maps of the local and the known. Cosmography operates on the grandest scale attempting to depict the whole world whereas chorography attempts to map details that can be recognised on the land. The words cosmography and chorography have fallen into disuse but the meanings of both were re-examined for this work, allowing for a unique mapping picture to emerge. The dance between these two kinds of mapping is the methodological pivot around which this thesis revolves. Chapter one begins in the theoretical realm of cosmography with the creation of the Antipodes, an idea that arose as a consequence of classical and Hellenistic Greek philosophical and theoretical concepts. This land only existed on maps yet came to harbour myths and imaginary attributes. Although replaced by Terra Australis Incognita, fantasy and myth continued to inhabit this southern part of the mapped world. Explorers eroded the unknown until a European chorographical destination, Botany Bay, was mapped into place. The dance then began all over again across the landmass called ‘Australia’ as the boundary between the known and unknown was crossed and mapped. Chapter two is a detailed study of the minutiae on chorographical maps of the Burragorang Valley and surrounding area. The names used for various geographical features are shown to contain memories of past inhabitants both Aboriginal and European. These memories still exist on maps of this area whereas the land the maps depict has been radically altered by the inclusion of man-made lake that has all but removed the earlier human marks on the landscape. The power embedded in both cosmographical and chorographical maps is examined in chapter three. In 1493 Pope Alexander VI drew a line on a cosmographical map and ‘donated’ half the non-Christian world to Spain and half to Portugal, thus commencing a process whereby a few European Christian nations carved up the rest of the world with the help of the authority vested in cosmographical maps. This culminated, as far as Australia was concerned, with Lieutenant James Cook’s map of the east coast of New Holland, which enabled the British Crown to claim land to the east of the 135th meridian, the line Alexander VI had drawn. Within sixty years this claim had expanded and covered the whole of the Australian landmass. On the ground, chorography recorded each individual parcel of land as it changed from Aboriginal land to European property. In chapter four, the concern is the way maps facilitated an evolving relationship between European Australians and the land they came to inhabit rather than the use of the maps in colonial appropriation. The focus in this chapter is on marginal lands where little European involvement is evident either on the ground or on the map. Because it is here in less trampled areas that any European marker on a map becomes important, and because there are so few of these markers, it is possible to trace the way these key features have evolved and have taken on a new significance over time.
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Coppard, Sally A. "The dance between cosmography and chorography mapping Australia /." View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/40258.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2005.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Education and Social Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Le, Lay Colette. "Les livres de vulgarisation de l'astronomie (1686-1880)." Nantes, 2002. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01326742.
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Des "Entretiens sur la pluralité des mondes" de Fontenelle (1686), souvent considérés comme le premier livre de vulgarisation scientifique, à l"Astronomie populaire" de Flammarion (1879), apothéose du genre, de nombreux ouvrages se proposent de mettre l'astronomie à la portée des "gens du monde". Les auteurs du XVIIIe siècle viennent d'horizons divers et répondent à la curiosité scientifique du public cultivé. Présentation des systèmes du monde et observation du domaine solaire constituent l'essentiel du contenu de ces ouvrages parfois difficiles à distinguer des livres savants ou des manuels de cosmographie.
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Larochelle, Dany. "Du ciel au bateau : La Cosmographie (1544) du pilote Jean Alfonse et la construction du savoir géographique au XVIe siècle." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
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Bonhomme, Nicolas. "Cosmographie de l’univers local : analyse de données pour la relation de Tully-Fisher." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10048/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le projet à long terme COSFLOS qui a pour but de comprendre l’évolution des structures de l’univers local. Pour cela nous utilisons la relation de Tully-Fisher qui permet de mesurer des distances indépendamment de la loi de Hubble pour des galaxies spirales dans un rayon de 80 Mpc. Mon travail a consisté à collecter, mesurer et analyser les données nécessaires pour cette relation également appelée Luminosity LineWidth (LLW). Cette relation relie la luminosité intrinsèque d’une galaxie à la vitesse maximale de rotation de son gaz neutre. La meilleure façon d’obtenir cette vitesse est de mesurer la largeur de la raie de l’hydrogène neutre (HI) à 21 cm. J’ai effectué de nouvelles observations ainsi que de nouvelles mesures au sein de ce programme, qui aujourd’hui compte 15411 profils HI dans la base de données EDD. J’ai également amélioré l’interface graphique du logiciel de photométrie ARCHANGEL qui nous permet d’obtenir les magnitudes apparentes afin de calculer les distances. Nous verrons que nous avons porté une grande attention sur le calcul du paramètre d’inclinaison de la galaxie observée. Enfin, parmi tous les échantillons en notre possession, j’ai choisi d’étudier plus en détail l’amas de galaxies d’Antlia qui permettra une calibration de la pente de la LLW. Ce travail a commencé par la sélection des candidates, a continué avec les observations puis les mesures et pour se finir sur la détermination des distances nécessaires à la calibration de la relation de Tully-FisherThis phD thesis is part of the COSFLOS’project. Its goal is to understand the galaxy structure evolution in the local universe. For this purpose, we make use of the Tully-Fisher relation in order to measure the distances for galaxies within 80 Mpc. My research area in the project is to collect, measure and analyze the data needed for the Luminosity LineWidth (LLW). This relation is a direct link between intrinsic luminosity of a spiral galaxy and its maximal gas rotation velocity. The best way to compute this velocity is to measure HI linewidth. Including my new observations and measurements, the current extragalactic database EDD contains 15 411 HI profiles. To obtain the apparent magnitude needed for the distances, I improve the ARCHANGEL software, implementing new displays. We took a great care to a special parameter : the inclination of observed galaxy. Finally, I present the Antlia cluster, one of the cluster I use to calibrate the slope of the LLW. I start with the candidates selection, then with observations to finally obtain the distances for the calibration
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Bonhomme, Nicolas. "Cosmographie de l'univers local : analyse de données pour la relation de Tully-Fisher." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522062.
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Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le projet à long terme COSFLOS qui a pour but de comprendre l'évolution des structures de l'univers local. Pour cela nous utilisons la relation de Tully-Fisher qui permet de mesurer des distances indépendamment de la loi de Hubble pour des galaxies spirales dans un rayon de 80 Mpc. Mon travail a consisté à collecter, mesurer et analyser les données nécessaires pour cette relation également appelée Luminosity LineWidth (LLW). Cette relation relie la luminosité intrinsèque d'une galaxie à la vitesse maximale de rotation de son gaz neutre. La meilleure façon d'obtenir cette vitesse est de mesurer la largeur de la raie de l'hydrogène neutre (HI) à 21 cm. J'ai effectué de nouvelles observations ainsi que de nouvelles mesures au sein de ce programme, qui aujourd'hui compte 15411 profils HI dans la base de données EDD. J'ai également amélioré l'interface graphique du logiciel de photométrie ARCHANGEL qui nous permet d'obtenir les magnitudes apparentes afin de calculer les distances. Nous verrons que nous avons porté une grande attention sur le calcul du paramètre d'inclinaison de la galaxie observée. Enfin, parmi tous les échantillons en notre possession, j'ai choisi d'étudier plus en détail l'amas de galaxies d'Antlia qui permettra une calibration de la pente de la LLW. Ce travail a commencé par la sélection des candidates, a continué avec les observations puis les mesures et pour se finir sur la détermination des distances nécessaires à la calibration de la relation de Tully-Fisher
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Morales, Nadia del Carmen. "La représentation des Caraïbes dans la Cosmographie universelle de François de Belleforest (1575)." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL030.
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Symons, Sarah. "Ancient Egyptian astronomy : timekeeping and cosmography in the New Kingdom." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8546.
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The first part of this study analyses and discusses astronomical timekeeping methods used in the New Kingdom. Diagonal star clocks are examined first, looking at classification of sources, decan lists, and the updating of the tables over time. The date list in the Osireion at Abydos is discussed, and issues concerning its place in the history of astronomical timekeeping are raised. The final stellar timekeeping method, the Ramesside star clock, is then examined. The conventional interpretation of the observational method behind the tables is challenged by a new theory, and a system of analysing the tables is introduced. The conclusions of the previous sections are then gathered together in a discussion of the development of stellar timekeeping methods. The small instruments known as shadow clocks, and their later relatives the sloping sundials, are also examined. The established hypothesis that the shadow clock was completed by the addition of a crossbar is challenged and refuted. The second part of this study is based on New Kingdom representations of the sky. Two major texts and several celestial diagrams are discussed in detail, beginning with the Book of Nut, which describes the motions of the sun and stars. New translations of the vignette and dramatic text are presented and discussed. Portions of the Book of the Day describing the behaviour of the sun and circumpolar group of stars are analysed. Finally, celestial diagrams dating from the New Kingdom are described. Their composition and significance is discussed and the conceptual framework behind the diagrams is recreated. By introducing new theories and analysis methods, and using a modem but sympathetic approach to the original sources, this study attempts to update and extend our knowledge of these areas of ancient astronomy.
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Valle, de Loro Daniela. "Le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage d’André Thevet, cosmographe du roi : édition critique partielle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040042.
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Durant les dernières années d’une vie consacrée aux voyages et à la géographie, André Thevet (1516-1592) entreprit la réalisation d’un ouvrage de grande ampleur, le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage, véritable tableau cartographique et descriptif du monde, notamment du Nouveau Monde, riche d’indications pour la navigation, qui resta incomplet. Les troubles politiques et religieux qui avaient lieu alors en France et leurs conséquences dans le domaine éditorial ont souvent été avancés pour expliquer l’échec de ce projet. Mais l’inachèvement du Grand Insulaire est également tributaire de la méthode même de travail de Thevet, comme des procédés de composition retenus. L’étude critique des témoins manuscrits conservés du point de vue codicologique et linguistique, ainsi que l’analyse de ses sources permet de vérifier cette hypothèse et de saisir toute la singularité d’une œuvre si importante pour la connaissance des Indiens Tupi du Brésil au xvie siècleDuring the last years of his life dedicated to traveling and Geography, André Thevet (1516-1592) engaged himself into the making of an extensive work named Le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage, which is a genuine cartographic description of the world, specially the New World. This document, which is considerably rich in useful indications for the navigation, would remain unfinished. The reason for this is often laid upon the political and religious disturbances which then took place in France and their consequences on the publishing field. However, the fact that Thevet has not finished Grand Insulaire is also due to his work method, as we can verify in his composition procedures; The critical study of the preserved manuscripts as well as the analysis of his sources, based on a codicological and linguistic point of view, allow us to verifiy this hypothesis and to understand all the singularity of such an important work for the knowledge of the Tupi Indians of Brazil in the sixteenth century
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Jee, Inh [Verfasser], and Eiichiro [Akademischer Betreuer] Komatsu. "Time-delay cosmography with new angular diameter distance measurements / Inh Jee ; Betreuer: Eiichiro Komatsu." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1174142979/34.
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Keller, John Robert. "The dislocated cosmography : primary love and psychic catastrophe in the work of Samuel Beckett." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297552.
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The author presents a psychoanalytic reading of Beckett's work, which focuses on emotional states and the struggle to maintain an enduring contact with a primary, internal object. Using clinical case material, and a theoretical framework that includes ideas from Bion, Tustin, Klein, Winnicott, and Kohut, there is an exploration of the underlying psychological organization (a 'narrative self') of Beckett's work, as it is manifested in the imagery, character relations, and associative movement of the texts. It is suggested that Beckett's work is a record of an integral struggle to maintain a cohesiveness of the self in the face of primary disintegration-anxiety, and is an elucidation of a schizoid dilemma. It is emphasized that this does not pathologize Beckett, since he explores the earliest experiences that underlie the psyche, and this is developed with support from Ogden and infant research. The dissertation focuses on Murphy's misrecognition of his own loving feelings; Watt's attempt at self-repair through maternal connection with Knott; the complex states of experience in Waiting for Godot that are generated by feelings of maternal misattunement; the core sense of emotional starvation in Beckett; and the notion of the 'hidden self' that is manifested in the early, short fiction, and which suggests disconnection from a loving, integrative primary object. A detailed reading of 'The Lost Ones' suggests it is the production of a unified self, struggling to maintain a balance between powerful internal images. In addition there is discussion of a number of later short dramatic pieces, which are seen as revealing deeply unconscious experiences of primary failures of contact between the nascent self and the mother.
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Maus, de Rolley Thibaut. "Elévations. Écritures du voyage aérien à la Renaissance." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040305.
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Du Roland furieux de l’Arioste (1516-1532) au Songe de Kepler (1634), cette thèse propose une étude des récits de voyages aériens dans la fiction narrative de la Renaissance (romans, poèmes épiques, satires) ainsi que des discours théoriques abordant la question du vol et de l’élévation (démonologie, cosmographie, astronomie, discours sur la possibilité du vol humain ou le vol des oiseaux, etc.). Trois principaux objets sont mis en valeur : les voyages célestes écrits dans la lignée de récits comme le Songe de Scipion de Cicéron ou l’Icaroménippe de Lucien de Samosate ; les voyages aériens de la fiction chevaleresque ; le motif du transport diabolique. L’étude montre ainsi l’importance prise par l’imaginaire du vol à la Renaissance, à la croisée de la fiction et des discours savants, et dessine une « pré-histoire » des fictions d’envol avant les récits de Godwin (The Man in the Moone, 1638) et de Cyrano de Bergerac (Etats et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil, 1657 et 1662). Au cœur de cette rêverie se loge tout à la fois le désir de prendre la mesure du monde et les inquiétudes suscitées par ce même désirFrom Ariosto’s Orlando furioso (1516-1532) to Kepler’s Somnium (1634), this thesis offers a study of aerial and celestial voyages in Renaissance narrative fiction (romances, epic poems, satires) as well as of learned treatises related to the question of flying (demonology, cosmography, astronomy, learned discourses on human and bird flight, etc.). It focuses on three main subjects: cosmic voyages in the tradition of Cicero’s Dream of Scipio or Lucian of Samosata’s Icaromenippus; aerial voyages in chivalric romance; diabolical transvection (eg. fly to the sabbath). It thus shows the extent to which flight captured the Renaissance imagination, at the cross-roads between fiction and learned discourse, and it traces a « pre-history » of fictional flying before Godwin’s Man in the Moone (1638) or Cyrano de Bergerac’s Etats et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil (1657 and 1662). At the heart of this fantasy lies a desire to measure the world from above – together with the anxieties produced by the same desire
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Biro, Jackie School of History & Philosophy of Science UNSW. ""Heavens and earth in one frame" Cosmography and the form of the earth in the scientific revolution." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History and Philosophy of Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24916.
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This thesis addresses the role of geography in the Scientific Revolution, a matter yet to be settled by historians of science. Specifically it argues that cosmography, the parent discipline of both astronomy and geography, was central to Copernican natural philosophy in the early modern period. Copernicus, Bruno, Gilbert, Galileo and Descartes all sought to provide a unified picture of the heavens and earth by harmonising ideas in geography and astronomy, according to established principles of cosmography. In addition, using concepts about the earth?s form to build heliocentric cosmological theories was routine amongst Copernican thinkers. Indeed, this analysis demonstrates that Copernicus, Bruno and Gilbert staked their claims about the heavens on their theories of the earth. Recognising cosmography offers several advantages to historical understanding of the Scientific Revolution. It helps explain the form of Bruno?s argument for an infinite cosmos and a multiplicity of worlds. It provides insights into Gilbert?s interest in the detailed structure of the earth, beyond simply magnetism, and reveals that his argument followed a more traditional path than generally thought. A cosmographic perspective explains why Galileo took such pride in his theory of the tides and clarifies the place of this theory in his case for heliocentrism. From the cosmographic viewpoint, Descartes appears as a radically ambitious cosmographer with his use of a single account of the creation of the heavens and earth, thereby linking geography and astronomy in a single physical theory. Thus, cosmography represented a competitive enterprise among the Copernican natural philosophers. In general, thinking in terms of cosmography helps us understand the manner in which geographical ideas entered into the conceptual developments of the Scientific Revolution. The main contribution to knowledge in this thesis is its identification of cosmography as a key frame of reference for early modern thinking about cosmology, overlooked in the historical literature.
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Declercq, Amandine. "L'océan environnant, aux confins de la terre : comparaison des perceptions grecque et arabe des limites du monde connu." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20035.
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L'Océan, entité physique et concept intellectuel, a assumé un rôle fondamental dans la pensée cosmogonique et cosmographique de nombreuses civilisations. Chacune des cultures qui ont formulé l'idée d'une naissance du kosmos à partir de l'élément liquide ou bien celle d'un Océan environnant l'oikouménè a cependant formulé une image de l'entité océanique particulière. Quelles ont été la conception et la représentation spécifiques d'Okeanos dans la pensée hellénique ? À partir de l'interprétation du legs des poètes archaïques, qui a contribué à la définition du concept d'un Océan circulaire, les anciens Grecs ont formulé une image du kosmos considérée, dès l'époque classique, comme traditionnelle. Quelles ont été les permanences et les mutations de cette image du monde jusqu'à l'Antiquité tardive ? Comment la culture arabe, installée dès le VIIème siècle après J. C. Sur les territoires profondément hellénisés du bassin méditerranéen et du Proche-Orient, a-t-elle hérité du legs cosmographique des anciens Grecs ? Cette étude propose d'éclairer le cheminement d'une image du monde – et, à travers elle, celui d'une conception de la place de l'homme au sein du kosmos – depuis les poèmes grecs archaïques, au VIIème siècle avant J. -C. , jusqu'aux compilations arabes médiévales du XIVème siècle après J. -CThe Ocean, both a physical entity and an intellectual concept, has assumed a fundamental role into the cosmogonic and cosmographic thought of various civilisations. Each culture that has formulated the idea of a kosmos' genesis from water or the concept of a surrounding Ocean has, however, formulated a particular image of the Ocean. What have been the specific conception and representation of Okeanos into Greek thought ? From the interpretation of archaïc poetry, which has contributed to the definition of the Ocean as a concept, Ancient Greeks have formulated an image of the world considered, since the classic period, as traditional by posterity. What have been the permanence and the mutations of this image from the VIth century B. C. To late Antiquity ? How did Arabic culture, settled since the VIIth century A. D. On the deeply hellenized territories of the Mediterranean area and Near East, received the cosmographic heritage of Hellenic culture ? This study exposes the development and the transmission of an image of the kosmos – and, through this image, the transmission of a conception related to the place of humanity into the kosmos – from greek archaïc poetry (VIIth century B. C. ) to the late mediaeval arabic compilations (XIVth century A. D. )
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Larochelle, Dany. "Du ciel au bateau la cosmographie (1544) du pilote Jean Alfonse et la construction du savoir géographique au XVIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61790.pdf.
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Ponnou, Marcelle. "Évolution de l'image de l'Inde dans la littérature géographique de l'Antiquité à la Renaissance." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120057.
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Cette etude est une tentative d'analyse de l'evolution de l'image de l'inde en occident de l'antiquite a la renaissance. Les relations entre ces deux mondes deja existantes dans l'antiquite disparaissent presque totalement au moyen age pour reprendre grace aux grands voyages de la renaissance. De meme le savoir concernant l'inde s'estompe au moyen age et les voyageurs renaissants le reactualisent. Les recherches sont effectuees dans differents types de litteratures geographiques qui vont du recit de voyages a l'ouvrage de cosmographie et aux lettres des missionnairesThe relations existing between india and europe during the period of antiquity disappeared almost completly during the middle age and revived during the renaissance period, thanks to the travels. The travellers brought up the knowledge about india. Researches are made in different type of geographical literatures, which are : travellers' tales, cosmographic studies and the missionaries' letters
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Hees, Syrinx von. "Enzyklopädie als Spiegel des Weltbildes : Qazwīnīs Wunder der Schöpfung : eine Naturkunde des 13. Jahrhunderts /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390001090.
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Garrod, Raphaële Simone. "Arguments about space : the uses and transformations of dialectic in cosmology and cosmography (French prose, 1575-1632)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252233.
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This dissertation descries specific instances of the making and dissemination in vernacular French texts of the Scientific Revolution’s debates in cosmology and cosmography. In this thesis, I read cosmological and cosmographical arguments as they appear in five texts by means of the loci, that is, the places of argument of dialectical invention. Dialectical invention was studied in logic and in rhetoric. The first chapter of this thesis retraces the history of dialectical invention and its relation to natural philosophy, the discipline under which cosmology and cosmography were subsumed in the scholastic curriculum. The loci account for the logic, but also for the rhetorical effectiveness and poetic consistency of the cosmological and cosmographical arguments elaborated or echoed in the selected corpus of vernacular French texts. Reading this corpus by means of the loci thus makes a case for the central role of dialectic in the argumentative processes which informed the series of epistemological changes known as the Scientific Revolution. Rejuvenated by humanism, dialectic was not merely confined to scholastic disputations but also permeated the vernacular elaboration and dissemination of these epistemological changes: a dissemination ensured by text which, as shown in the corpus, were not all cosmological or cosmographical treatises. The first part of this dissertation describes this elaboration and dissemination in cosmology in two chapters, whereas the next two chapters of the second part focus on cosmography. The texts studied are either canonical ones, such as Michel de Montaigne’s ‘Apologie de Raimond Sebond’ (Essais, 2.12, written between 1572 and 1592), and René Descartes’ Le Monde (written between 1630 and 1633, first published posthumously in 1664), or less well-known ones, whose representative status, this dissertation argues, has been overlooked. These include François de Belleforest’s Cosmographie universelle (published in 1575), a translation, or rather, a rewriting of Sebastian Münster’s Cosmographia (international Latin edition published in 1550), Pierre de La Primaudaye’s Académie françoise (four volumes published between 1577 and 1598) and Etienne Binet’s Essay des merveilles de nature et des plus nobles artificies (published in 1621).
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Sobreira, Paulo Henrique Azevedo. ""Cosmografia geográfica: a astronomia no ensino de geografia"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-21082006-225017/.
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Esta pesquisa relaciona o Ensino da Astronomia ao Ensino da Geografia e aborda um grande cabedal de temas que expressam relações importantes entre os conhecimentos terrestres e os celestes. Estudou-se um campo que faz parte da Cosmografia e que se constitui em uma releitura na área de Geografia, para o qual se propõe a designação de Cosmografia Geográfica, ao invés do nome Cosmografia, simplesmente, ou Geografia Astronômica. O termo Cosmografia está em desuso, e suas atribuições foram incorporadas pela Astronomia, Cartografia, Náutica e pela Geografia, no entanto, sua função pedagógica no Ensino de Astronomia permaneceu ativa nos ensinos de Matemática e de Geografia no Brasil, ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX. A Cosmografia Geográfica é um campo de estudos da Geografia, cujo conjunto de conhecimentos e habilidades é predominantemente escolar. Estuda a interface entre os conhecimentos terrestres e os celestes e lhes atribui significância geográfica. Analisa as relações humanas e naturais com o Espaço Sideral e suas conseqüências para a sociedade e a natureza e, portanto, para a organização do espaço. Analisou-se a presença da Cosmografia Geográfica na Geografia brasileira, para se estabelecer um conjunto mínimo inovador de temas cosmográficos para se ensinar em Geografia, de acordo com o que se pôde examinar em livros didáticos nacionais e estrangeiros de Cosmografia entre (1845-1971), em livros didáticos brasileiros de Geografia dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio, aprovados no Plano Nacional do Livro Didático 2002 (PNLD), nas sugestões dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN's) e dos programas das disciplinas de Astronomia ou Cosmografia dos cursos Superiores de Geografia no Brasil. Depois há uma rápida abordagem sobre o atual Ensino de Cosmografia no exterior. Esta tese apresenta duas propostas de modelos de disciplinas de Cosmografia Geográfica para licenciaturas em Geografia. Estas disciplinas seriam compostas por temas e atividades práticas para professores de Geografia, que abrangem poucos conteúdos vinculados a um conjunto de temas mínimo mais próximo da realidade da Cosmografia Geográfica do século XXI, e que se constituam por atributos humanos e naturais (fisiológicos e físicos), tais como: a lateralidade, a luz ou a iluminação ou a incidência de radiação solar, a gravidade e as escalas de análise. Dentre os tópicos estabelecidos nesta investigação, há a atuação da Humanidade no Espaço Cósmico ou Exterior, que deverá ser explorado nas escolas pela Cosmografia Geográfica. Por outro lado, a ação do Homem no Espaço Exterior também deverá ser estudada, discutida e analisada pela Geografia Política acadêmica, nos próximos anos, pois este assunto envolve o desenvolvimento e a cooperação internacional para o uso de tecnologias da 3a Revolução Industrial, a produção de lixo espacial e o cumprimento de tratados internacionais no âmbito do espaço sideral.This research relates Astronomy Teaching to Geography Teaching and approaches a great number of subjects that express important relations between the terrestrial knowledge and the celestial knowledge. We have studied a field that is part of Cosmography and consists in a new reading in the Geography area, which is designated as "Geographic Cosmography", instead of the name "Cosmography", simply, or "Astronomical Geography". The term "Cosmography" is obsolete and its attributions had been incorporated by Astronomy, Cartography, Navigation and Geography, however, its pedagogical function in Astronomy Teaching remained active in teaching of Mathematics and Geography in Brazil, through the centuries XIX and XX. The Geographic Cosmography is a field of studies of the Geography, whose set of knowledge and abilities is scholar predominance. It study the interface between terrestrial knowledge and the celestial knowledge and to attribute to them geographic significance. It analyzes the human and naturals relations with the sideral space and its consequences to the society and nature and to space organization. It have been analyzed the presence of "Geographic Cosmography" in Brazilian Geography to establish an innovative minimum set of cosmographic subjects to be taught in Geography according to what it could be examined in national and foreign didactic books of Cosmography between (1845-1971), in Geography didactic Brazilian books of Elementary and High Schools, approved in the National Plan of the Didactic Book - 2002 (PNLD), in the suggestions of the National Curricular Parameters (PCN's) and discipline programs of Astronomy or Cosmography of the Universities courses of Geography in Brazil. Later there is a fast boarding about current foreign Cosmography Education. This thesis presents two discipline proposal models of "Geographic Cosmography" for graduating Geography teachers courses. These disciplines would be composed by subjects and practical activities for Geography teachers, that includes contents for subjects close the reality of the "Geographic Cosmography" to century XXI, and which they consists of human and natural attributes (physiological and physical), such as: the laterality, the light or the illumination or the incidence of solar radiation, the gravity and the scales of analysis. Amongst the topics established in this inquiry, there is the performance of the Humanity in the Cosmic or Exterior Space that will have to be explored in schools for "Geographic Cosmography". On the other hand, the action of the Man in the Outer Space also will have to be studied, to be argued and analyzed by Geography academic Politics, through next years, because this subject involves the development and the international cooperation for the use of technologies of 3rd Industrial Revolution, the space debris production and the fulfilment of international treaty in the scope to the sideral space.
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Corazza, Giovanna <1965>. "Dante 'cosmographus' : indagini sulla ricezione della geografia reale della 'Commedia' nell'esegesi dei primi secoli e nella letteratura geografica trecentesca." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15013.
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La tesi si propone di illustrare preliminarmente la specificità dell’interesse geografico dantesco, l’originalità che distingue l’approccio del poeta al territorio, le modalità inedite della sua rappresentazione letteraria mediante una verifica testuale condotta sulla Commedia e sul De vulgari eloquentia. Si è proceduto poi ad alcuni sondaggi relativi alla ricezione di questo aspetto altamente innovativo del magistero dantesco nella tradizione esegetica del poema dal Trecento al Cinquecento e in una selezione di opere letterarie trecentesche di argomento geografico: l’Itinerarium di Francesco Petrarca, Il De montibus di Giovanni Boccaccio, il Dittamondo di Fazio degli Uberti. Si è cercato di vagliare, in particolare, la possibilità che la Commedia abbia potuto assumere una funzione esemplare sul piano della letteratura geografica volta al presente, nel contesto culturale del XIV secolo caratterizzato da una rinnovata, puntuale attenzione alla concretezza del dato ambientale.
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Lobo, Rodrigo Gomes. "Naturezas esfumaçadas: os Tembé e o mercado de crédito de carbono." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-11032016-143051/.
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O coletivo tupi Tembé-Tenetehara da Terra Indígena do Alto Rio Guamá iniciou em meados de 2006 diversos processos de negociação envolvendo projetos no mercado de crédito de carbono. O presente texto analisa essas conexões inserindo-as na concepção nativa dessas relações. A análise enfatiza as divergências cosmográficas implicadas, apresentando um modelo da arquitetura do cosmos tembé a partir do corpus mitológico nativo, dos estudos de astronomias indígenas, das pesquisas sobre xamanismo e do multinaturalismo pan-ameríndio.In mid-2006 the collective Tupi Tembé - Tenetehara from the Indigenous land of the Alto Rio Guama began various negotiation processes involving projects in the carbon credit market. This thesis examines these connections placing them in the native view of relationships. The analysis emphasizes the implied cosmographic differences, presenting a model of the Tembé\'s cosmos architecture based on the native mythological corpus, studies of indigenous astronomy, research on shamanism and the pan-Amerindian multi-naturalism.
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Vallejo, Ivette. "Petróleo, desarrollo y naturaleza: aproximaciones a un escenario de ampliación de las fronteras extractivas hacia la Amazonía suroriente en el Ecuador." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/79475.
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Este artículo aborda la ampliación de las fronteras extractivas en elsuroriente del Ecuador, a partir de la licitación de nuevos bloques,con la XI Ronda Petrolera. Presenta reflexiones de una investigaciónrealizada entre 2013 y 2014, cuyo objetivo fue profundizar cómose enlazan las políticas extractivas y el desarrollo con sus efectosen las dinámicas territoriales indígenas. La investigación incluyóentrevistas con dirigentes de organizaciones indígenas y funcionariosgubernamentales en la provincia de Pastaza, realización deforos temáticos y seguimiento de eventos claves (foros), además derevisión de fuentes documentales. Se describen en el artículo políticasgubernamentales que afianzan la cosmografía desarrollista yla colonialidad de la naturaleza en la Amazonía, generando retrocesosen la implementación de los derechos colectivos, mientrasse activan conflictos por el control del territorio y recursos, en undespliegue de diversas posiciones, narrativas y agencia desde lospueblos indígenas.The article discusses the expansion of extractive frontiers in the southeastern region of Ecuador, with the bidding for oil blocksaround XI Round Oil. It presents the results of a research done 2013-2014, which aimed to analyze the bonds between extractiveand developmental policies and their effects on indigenous people’s territorial dynamics. The research included interviewing leaders ofindigenous organizations and government officials in the province of Pastaza, conducting thematic forums and monitoring of key events(forums), plus reviewing documentary sources. This article describes government policies that strengthen the developmental cosmography and coloniality of nature in the Amazon, and cause setbacks in the implementation of collective rights, while various positions,narratives and indigenous people agency activated conflicts around the control over territory and resources.
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Besse, Jean-Marc. "Les grandeurs de la terre : essai sur les transformations du savoir géographique au seizième siècle." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010588.
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Le seizieme siecle se caracterise, du point de vue de l'histoire des conceptions geographiques de la terre, par le renouvellement des representations de l'oecoumene, en relation avec les navigations de decouverte. Au sein du discours de la geographie se forme progressivement le concept d'une + terre universelle ;, un nouvel orbis terrarum qui n'est plus limite comme on l'affirmait jusqu'alors a la zone temperee de l'hemisphere nord, mais se confond desormais avec le globe terrestre considere dans sa totalite. Cette terre partout habitable, cet oecoumene ou ce sol universel de l'existence humaine, constituent desormais l'objet propre de la geographie. Comment cet objet a-t-il ete elabore ? quelles ont ete les conditions de possibilite de la formation du nouveau concept de la terre ? comment, et en fonction de quelles initiatives intellectuelles, a-t-il ete forge ? au sein de quels + lieux ; et selon quelles modalites du savoir geographique ce concept et cet objet se sont-ils progressivement incames ? ce travail analyse les modalites selon lesquelles la cartographie, la cosmographie descriptive, ainsi que les diverses formes de theatralisation de la representation geographique de la surface de la terre, ont pris en charge la formation de ce nouvel objet et le developpement de ce nouveau concept au cours du seizieme siecle.
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Barbosa, Neto Geraldo. "A Coroa e a esfera: cosmografia e poder nas obras de Pedro Nunes (1537-1573)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20138.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This investigation is about the articulations of the cosmographic knowledge with the problem of the physical and conceptual distance between the monarchical state of the Portuguese and the places of the world that composed its maritime empire. It is bordered in Portugal from the 16th century. Its scope is to reveal an interpenetration between the cosmographic production and the problem of the physical and conceptual distance between the Lisbon Palace and the coasts, islands and firm lands under its lordship, using as its historical source the works of Pedro Nunes (Alcácer do Sal, 1502 - Coimbra, 1578), cosmographer of the King of Portugal D. João III (1502-1557). It leads us to a historical framework in which power and science mingle. It introduces us to a historical conjuncture, in which a history of politics and a history of the sciences intertwine and complement each other
Esta investigação é sobre as articulações do conhecimento cosmográfico com o problema da distância física e conceitual entre o estado monárquico dos portugueses e os lugares do mundo que compuseram seu império marítimo. Está delimitada em Portugal do século XVI. Seu escopo é desvelar uma interpenetração entre a produção cosmográfica e o problema da distância física e conceitual entre o Paço lisboeta e as costas, ilhas e terras firmes sob seu senhorio, empregando como fonte histórica precípua as obras de Pedro Nunes (Alcácer do Sal, 1502 – Coimbra, 1578), cosmógrafo do rei de Portugal D. João III (1502-1557). Ela nos conduz para um âmbito histórico no qual poder e ciência se misturam. Nos introduz em uma conjuntura histórica, na qual uma história da política e uma história das ciências se enlaçam e se completam
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Cattozzi, Viviane Roberta Wolf. "Andre Thevet : um cosmografo-viajante no Brasil." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279173.
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Orientador: Paulo Celso MiceliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho estudou a obra Singularidades da França Antártica, de André Thevet, cosmógrafo real francês da expedição França Antártica no Rio de Janeiro. Nosso objetivo foi entender como Thevet construiu-se como cosmógrafo e como inseriu o Brasil em sua cosmografia. Notamos que utilizou-se de três mecanismos para tal: descrição dos tupinambás e seus costumes, valorização da experiência pessoal em detrimento dos escritos da Antiguidade e recorrência a alguns termos cosmográficos da época (latitude, longitude, bússola, astrolábio)
Abstract: This work studied the workmanship Singularities of Antartic France, of André Thevet, royal French cosmógrapher of the expedition Antartic France in Rio de Janeiro. Our objective was to understand how Thevet constructed himself as cosmographer and how Brazil was inserted in his cosmographia. We note that it was used three mechanisms for such: description of Tupinambás and its customs, valuation of the personal experience in detriment of the antiquity's writings and the recurrence to some cosmographical terms of the time (latitude, longitude, compass, astrolabe)
Mestrado
Historia Cultural
Mestre em História
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Simó, Kauê Dalla Vecchia. "O ensino da astronomia nos livros didáticos de cosmografia do início do século XX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-26012017-141641/.
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Tendo como referência o entendimento de que o ensino da Astronomia, de alguma forma, sempre esteve presente na história da educação básica brasileira, ora como uma disciplina independente, ora compartilhado com os conteúdos de outras disciplinas, é analisado o seu ensino no Brasil do início do século XX a partir de livros didáticos de Cosmografia desse período. Compreendendo o livro didático como uma fonte de estudos privilegiada da história das disciplinas, são analisados nove livros didáticos de Cosmografia dos anos de 1897 a 1933 de diferentes autores. A análise está estruturada em duas etapas: na primeira, são identificados e caracterizados, ao longo do tempo, os conteúdos da Astronomia presentes nos livros. Para isso, utilizou-se as categorias de análise: Observação da superfície da Terra; Fenômenos cíclicos; Sistema Solar; Terra; Atração Gravitacional; Universo; e História e Cultura. A partir da identificação e da categorização dos conteúdos, constatou-se a presença de uma vasta quantidade de temas da Astronomia em cada uma das categorias, principalmente os relativos à Fenômenos cíclicos, Sistema Solar, Atração Gravitacional e Universo. A forte presença de temas ligados à essas categorias indica uma certa continuidade no tempo, além da importância atribuída no ensino desses conteúdos na educação básica daquela época. Por outro lado, temas como métodos de observação dos astros no céu, correções de observação, periodicidade das estrelas no céu, orientação na superfície terrestre e história da Astronomia estão presentes em alguns livros e ausentes em outros, indicando uma não linearidade na evolução temporal no ensino desses conteúdos. Na segunda etapa, é aprofundada a análise dos conteúdos abordados nas categorias presentes em todos os livros didáticos e dela observou-se uma grande ênfase na caracterização de conteúdos como esfera celeste, coordenadas esféricas, instrumentos óticos, movimentos da Terra, dia e noite, estações do ano, fases da Lua, eclipses, constituição e dinâmica do Sistema Solar, forma e dimensões da Terra, estrelas, constelações, nebulosas e modelos cosmogônicos de universo. De suas caracterizações, constatou-se que os conceitos de Astronomia eram desenvolvidos numa perspectiva de se descrever detalhadamente os objetos e os fenômenos que constituíam o universo observável daquela época, o qual restringia-se aos corpos constituintes do Sistema Solar e alguns elementos situados além desse, como, por exemplo, estrelas, nebulosas e constelações. Embora a relação entre as descobertas científicas e os conteúdos didáticos guardasse atualidade, como a presença de Plutão, descoberto em 1930, e o número de satélites dos planetas no estudo do Sistema Solar, foi possível inferir que a visão de universo no período estudado limitava-se a ideia de um universo fechado, finito, esférico e composto pela Via Látea com suas estrelas e nebulosas, ainda que descobertas, como as galáxias, na década de 1920, indicassem um universo muito além da Via Lactea. Os resultados mostram que, no período em estudo, a importância atribuída ao ensino da Astronomia na educação básica era bastante diferente daquela que é atribuída atualmente, haja vista a identificação de uma disciplina específica, a quantidade significativa de livros de Cosmografia de autores brasileiros, bem como a quantidade e o aprofundamento no desenvolvimento dos conteúdos da Astronomia presentes neles.Based on the understanding that the teaching of Astronomy, somehow has always been present in the history of Brazilian basic education, either as an independent discipline, sometimes shared with other disciplines content, is analyzed their education in Brazil the beginning the twentieth century from textbooks Cosmography that period. Understanding the textbook as a source of privileged study of the history of disciplines, they are analyzed nine textbooks Cosmography the years 1897-1933, by different authors. Our analysis is structured in two stages: first, are identified and characterized, along the time, the Astronomy content present in the books. For this, we used the analysis categories: 1. Earth\'s surface observation; 2. cyclical phenomena; 3. Solar System; 4. Earth; 5. Gravitational attraction; 6. Universe; and 7. History and Culture. From the identification and categorization of content, there was the presence of a vast amount of Astronomy topics in each of the categories, particularly those relating to cyclical phenomena, Solar System, Gravitational Attraction and Universe. The strong presence of topics related to these categories, indicates a certain continuity in time, in addition to the emphasis on education on this topic in basic education of that time. On the other hand, subjects such as methods of observation of the stars in the sky, watching corrections, stars periodicity in the sky, orientation in the Earth\'s surface and history of astronomy are present in some books and absent in others, indicating a non-linearity in the temporal evolution in education on this topic. In the second stage, it is thorough analysis of the content covered in the categories present in all textbooks and it there was a great emphasis on characterization of content such as celestial sphere, spherical coordinates, optical instruments, Earth movement, day and night, seasons of the year, phases of the Moon, eclipses, constitution and dynamics of the Solar System, shape and dimensions of the Earth, stars, constellations, nebulae and cosmogonic universe models. From their characterizations, it was verified that the concepts of astronomy were developed with a perspective of describing in detail the objects and phenomena that constituted the observable universe of that time, which was restricted to the constituent bodies of the Solar System and some elements beyond that, such as stars, nebulae, and constellations. Although the relationship between scientific discoveries and didactic content was current, such as the presence of Pluto discovered in 1930 and the number of satellites of the planets in the study of the Solar System, it was possible to infer that the universe vision in the period studied was limited, If the idea of a closed, finite, spherical universe composed of the Milky Way with its stars and nebulae, although discovered, like the galaxies in the 1920s, indicated a universe far beyond the Milky Way. The results show that, in the period under study, the importance attributed to the teaching of astronomy in basic education was quite different from that currently attributed, given the identification of a specific discipline, the significant amount of Brazilian authors\' Cosmography books, as well as As the quantity and the deepening in the development of the contents of Astronomy present in them.
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De, Francesco Ana Alves 1982. "Este é o nosso lugar : uma etnografia da territorialidade Caiçara na Cajaíba (Paraty, RJ)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281915.
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Orientador: Emília Pietrafesa de GodoiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeFrancesco_AnaAlves_M.pdf: 2749915 bytes, checksum: f59b38b1415437126f845aad92d5ca22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Esta dissertação é resultado do trabalho de campo realizado entre os anos de 2010 e 2012 na enseada da Cajaíba, zona costeira do município de Paraty (RJ). O foco principal do trabalho é a descrição das formas de interação entre as pessoas e o ambiente e o modo como esta interação configura uma territorialidade particular, que se dá tanto na terra como no mar. Buscando dialogar com diferentes definições de território e territorialidade, definidas no âmbito da antropologia, por meio da etnografia, o estudo versou sobre a memória da ocupação da terra, a percepção do ambiente e o saber técnico envolvido nos modos de fazer do cotidiano, por acreditar serem estas dimensões intrínsecas e constituintes da territorialidade de um grupo
Abstract: This dissertation result from a fieldwork conducted between 2010 and 2012 in the harbor of Cajaíba, the coastal zone of Paraty, a municipality of Rio de Janeiro state. The main focus of research is a description of the interaction between people and the environment and how this interaction sets up a particular territoriality, which occurs both on land and sea. Seeking dialogue with different definitions of territory and territoriality in anthropology, through an ethnographic approach, the study deals with the memories of the land occupation, the perception of the environment and the technical skills involved in the daily life, believing these are intrinsic and constituents dimensions of the territoriality of a group
Mestrado
Antropologia Social
Mestra em Antropologia Social
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Sobreira, Paulo Henrique Azevedo. "Astronomia no ensino de Geografia: análise crítica nos livros didáticos de Geografia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-19072002-102117/.
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Pesquisa acerca dos temas de Astronomia que constam nos livros didáticos de Geografia. Nos últimos anos o Ministério da Educação - MEC estabeleceu critérios para a análise de livros didáticos, visando melhorar a qualidade dessas obras. Foram analisados exclusivamente, os temas de Astronomia nos livros didáticos de Geografia da 5a série recomendados pelo MEC no Plano Nacional do Livro Didático PNLD 1999, e constatou-se grande quantidade de erros conceituais nos textos e nas ilustrações. Verificou-se que os autores de obras didáticas de Geografia têm dado considerável atenção à Astronomia, assim como os Parâmetros Curriculares do Ensino Fundamental para a Geografia do Terceiro Ciclo. As obras foram submetidas aos critérios classificatórios do MEC que permitiram o exame da qualidade desses livros quanto aos aspectos tipográficos, metodológicos, específicos de conteúdos e gerais deles e dos manuais dos professores. Os temas selecionados e avaliados estão na interface dos estudos geográficos e astronômicos, que pode ser denominada por Cosmografia, são eles: a orientação geográfica, as estações do ano, os movimentos da Terra e as marés. Os erros das obras analisadas foram apontados e corrigidos. Propôs-se que os estudos cosmográficos veiculados pelos livros didáticos empreguem termos e ilustrações corretos e adequados. São apresentadas também propostas para a confecção de modelos tridimensionais e a realização de atividades práticas, para cada um dos temas, adequadas ao nível cognitivo do Terceiro Ciclo.This research is about Astronomy subjects on Geographys didactic books. The Education Ministry MEC established criteria to analyze didactic books, last years, to aim at improving the quality of these books. It was analyzed exclusively Astronomy topics in the Geographys didactic books of the 5th level of Junior High, recommended by MEC in the National Project of Didactic Book PNLD 1999, and it verified a lot of conceptual mistakes in the texts and illustrations. It was also examined that the authors of didactic books in Geography have given as much considerable attention to Astronomy as Scholars Parameters of Fundamental Teaching to the Geography of Third Cycle. The didactic books and the teachers handbooks were submitted to MECs classifying criteria which permitted the exam of these books concerning quality about typographical, methodological, specific contents and general aspects. The selected and evaluated subjects are in the interface between geographical and astronomical studies. The study of these subjects can be denominated Cosmography. They are: geographical orientation, the seasons of the year, the Earth movements and the tides. The conceptual mistakes of the analyzed books were sharpened and corrected. It was proposed that the cosmographical studies transmitted by didactic books to use correct and adequate expressions and illustrations. It was also proposed as follow-up activities, the construction of tridimensional models and the realization of practical activities.
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Hering, Cássia Bars. "Um código pictórico em comum - a expressão de uma cosmografia na cerâmica da região sudoeste dos EUA e suas relações com a região norte e central da Mesoamérica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-28052015-144901/.
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Este trabalho propôs um estudo da cerâmica Anasazi/ Pueblo Antigo, Mogollon e Casas Grandes, com o intuito de averiguar a presença de um \"código pictórico\". Para tanto, foram realizadas análises quantitativas e qualitativas de um conjunto de 1.451 peças arqueológicas. Os resultados dessas análises levaram à constatação da existência de um \"código pictórico\" formado por um conjunto finito de símbolos gráficos, cuja produção e reprodução foi observada em cerâmicas dispersas tanto por uma ampla faixa territorial, como ao longo de uma considerável escala temporal (aprox. de 500 d.C. a 1500 d.C.). O conjunto artefatual estudado foi produzido por grupos humanos que habitaram uma região conhecida na arqueologia como \"Sudoeste\". Tendo como base a constatação de que este \"código pictórico\" foi amplamente expresso na cerâmica encontrada ao longo de vastos territórios, foi também aqui investigado e demonstrado que alguns de seus \"símbolos principais\" poderiam também ser encontrados na iconografia de áreas hoje consideradas como norte e centro - mesoamericanas. Nesse sentido, o trabalho buscou contribuir também para o aprofundamento do debate da natureza das trocas e dos contatos que hoje acredita-se terem sido travados ao longo destas extensas áreas.This work aims to demonstrate the existence of a common \"pictorial code\", through a study of the Anasazi/ Ancient Pueblo, Mogollon and Casas Grandes ceramic production. The quantitative and qualitative analyses conducted in 1.451 ceramic artefacts were able to demonstrate the presence of a pictorial code, formed by an specific set of graphic symbols, expressed in the ceramics found through a vast territory, covering a substantial time lapse (from aprox. 500 d.C. to 1500 d.C.). Groups that once inhabited a region known in archeological literature by the name of \"Southwest\", produced the ceramic artifacts analyzed by this study. Considering that this \"pictorial code\" was present and seen through such extensive areas, its presence was also investigated in the material production of the surroundings areas of Mesoamerica. It was demonstrated, through such investigation, that some of its main symbols were also depicted in the iconography of north and central Mesoamerica. The analysis of such scenario contributes to a better understanding of the nature of the contacts and exchanges that it is known today to have happened through such territories.
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Carrió, Cataldi Leonardo Ariel. "Temps, science et empire : conceptions du temps au XVIe siècle dans les monarchies ibériques." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0136.
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Quels bagages conceptuels et quels savoirs permettent à l'être humain de comprendre et d'ordonner son expérience temporelle pour s'installer dans le monde qu'il habite, pour s'y repérer socialement et physiquement, pour y agir ? Par quels instruments et avec quels livres dans les mains ? Dans quel rapport historique à la nature ? Cette thèse propose d'aborder ces questions d'un point de vue historique et d'une perspective analytique qui prend appui sur l'histoire des sciences, des techniques et des savoirs. A partir de l'étude de différents types de sources (traités nautiques, cosmographies, chronographies, computs, cartes, instruments) produits et en circulation au XVIe siècle dans le cadre des monarchies ibériques, nous faisons l'hypothèse que les conceptions du temps ont été plurielles et que le développement de la cosmographie, dont l'essor est lié en partie aux expansions impériales des couronnes ibériques, a constitué un terrain privilégié d'exploration du monde dans sa double dimension spatio-temporelle. Notre travail propose d'analyser les sources par une lecture attentive au tissage et à la simultanéité, dans un nœud de temporalités, de conceptions du temps qui puisent dans l'arithmétique, l'astrologique et la spiritualité chrétienne. Divisée en cinq parties, cette étude explore ces questions en deux moments principaux. Tandis que les trois premières parties posent le cadre général de travail, embrassant un spectre large de sources et de lieux, les deux dernières sont focalisées sur la figure de Jerônimo de Chaves (1523-1574), le premier à occuper, en 1552, la chaire en cosmographie à la Casa de la Contrataciôn (Séville)What conceptual background and knowledge has enabled mankind to understand and organize its temporal experience allowing it to settle into the world, to find its place socially and physically and, from there to act in and on the world? By using what instruments and holding what books on its hands? In what kind of historical relationship to nature? My thesis explores these questions from a historical point of view and from an analytical perspective based on the history of sciences, techniques and knowledge, taking as a basis the study of a wide range of sources (nautical treatises, cosmographies, computistical treatises, maps and instruments), that were produced and in circulation during the 16th century in the Iberian monarchies. I put forward the working hypothesis that conceptions of time were plural and that the development of cosmography which was partly linked to the imperial expansion of the Iberian monarchies provided a privileged base from which to explore the world spatially and temporally. I propose to analyse the historical sources by examining different conceptions of time, rooted in the conceptual backgrounds of arithmetic, astrology and Christian spirituality, that coexist intertwined in what we can call a knot of time. My dissertation is divided into five sections, and explores these questions in two main parts. Whereas the first three sections set the general framework, analysing a large range of sources and spaces, the two last sections are focused on Jeronimo de Chaves (1523-1574), the first person to occupy the chair of cosmography at the House of Trade (Casa de la Contracion), in Seville in 1552
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Martinez, Carolina. ""Mondes parfaits et étrangers dans les confins de l'orbis terrarum : utopie, expansion transocéanique et altérité (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles")." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070097.
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Ce travail a pour objet d'étudier l'évolution du genre utopique dans la première modernité européenne en mettant l'accent sur sa relation avec le processus d'expansion transocéanique (qui débute au XVIe siècle mais se développe plus vigoureusement au siècle suivant), l'avènement de la Réforme et la radicalisation progressive de la dissidence religieuse, et sur les transformations qui, en termes de connaissance du monde, ont donné naissance à des manifestations inédites dans la pensée européenne. Pour ce faire, un ensemble de récits utopiques publiés en langue française, aussi bien en France que dans les Provinces-Unies, qui circulèrent en Europe du début du XVIIe siècle au début du XVIIIe siècle, fut analysé en fonction de trois grands axes thématiques : la question religieuse, le problème de l'autre et la question de l'espace (ou l'horizon de l'expansion transocéanique). À partir de ces trois problématiques, on a essayé de démontrer qu'en raison des caractéristiques qu'il acquît au XVIIe siècle, le genre utopique, outre qu'il rend compte de la situation politico-religieuse de la France au cours de cette période, n'est pas sans rapport avec la place qu'occupèrent la monarchie française et les Provinces Unies dans la concurrence transocéanique déployée vers la même époque. Les ambitions expansionnistes de la première et la prédominance commerciale et intellectuelle des secondes furent mises en jeu dans le récit utopique qui, à partir du centre, se situa dans les marges du monde connuThe present doctoral thesis aims to understand the developement of the utopian genre in early modern Europe by making special emphasis on its relationship with the process of overseas expansion (that begins in the XVIth century but develops further in the following century), the outbreak of the Reformation and progressive radicalization of religious dissidence, as well as with the transformations in terms of knowledge that gave birth to unprecedented manifestations in european thought. To this end, a set of utopian travel accounts published in French, both in France and in the United Provinces, which circulated in Europe from the early seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, have been analyzed in terms of three major themes: the religious question, the question of the "other" and the question of space (or the horizon of overseas expansion). Given these three issues, we propose as a general hypothesis that the features acquired by the utopian genre published in French in the seventeenth century, account for the political-religious situation experienced by France in this period, as well as for the place occupied by the French monarchy and the United Provinces in the overseas competition developed around the same time. The expansionist ambitions of the former and the commercial and intellectual prevalence of the latter can be traced in utopian travel accounts, which were written in the centers of culture and trade but were located in the margins of the known world
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Clark, Susan. "Cosmographia Metallica." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4422.
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In his book The Living Rock, historian A.J. Wilson writes, “The history of metals is the history of civilization”. From its beginnings in simple toolmaking, to modern-day machinery and weapons, the development of metallurgy ranks second only to agriculture in its impact on human society; to be sure, civilization as we know it would not exist without the discovery and use of metals. Modern man is familiar with dozens of metals, some common, some precious, some useful, some deadly. It is remarkable then to consider that, until the late Middle Ages, there were only seven metals known in their elemental form: gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin and mercury. For thousands of years, until isolated zinc was recognized in the fifteenth century, mankind would rely on what we now refer to as the seven classical metals. Through a survey of their historical, scientific, cultural, utilitarian and mythological characteristics, the seven classical metals are investigated. From this research, common threads emerge that suggest a spirit or essence of each metal, expressed as the metal’s imperative. The concept of the imperative embodies more than the metal’s physical characteristics, symbolism and history; it suggests that each metal is compelled to be considered and used in a particular way. It is an idea that metals are not simply passive materials, but possessing of an active and influential force. The metal imperatives, projected onto a barren site in the Sudbury area, are used as generators for the design of seven metal spaces. On this expansive landscape, the interventions communicate the natures of gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin and mercury against a backdrop of earth and sky.
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PUHAKKA, Ismo. "Images of providence : Sebastian Muenster's cosmography and the study on nature within the Reformation." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/40684.
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Defence date: 28 September 2015Examining Board: Professor Martin van Gelderen (EUI/Lichtenberg-Kolleg, University of Göttingen); Professor Thomas Kaufmann (University of Göttingen); Professor Antonella Romano (EUI/ EHESS); Professor Markku Peltonen (University of Helsinki).
Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia was printed in Basel, in the Swiss Confederation, for the first time in 1544. It was a richly illustrated combination of mathematical geography and descriptive history-writing. Moving from country to country, Münster offered his reader an extensive display of peoples and lands of the whole world. The global scope and coherent structure of his book secured a lasting popularity and made it an emblem of cosmography's new status and universal ambition. Münster's work marked an important turning point in the history of the modern geography, though scholars have time and again reminded readers of the religious (often taken as unmodern) aspects of the book. This study seeks to understand Münster's unique combination of geography and religion by looking at his work within the context of the Protestant Reformation and seeks to demonstrate how Sebastian Münster's geographical thought was influenced by the new ideas of the rising evangelical natural philosophy. The Last decades have witnessed a growing awareness of the importance of Luther's co-reformer and humanist Philip Melanchthon's work in shaping a Protestant approach to the study of nature in the mid- Sixteenth century. Although Melanchthon's influence on Münster has been speculated upon, traditional views have often considered the boundary between Reformed and Lutheran communities intellectually unbridgeable. Focusing on the agency of Münster's close collaborator, humanist Simon Grynaeus, this study seeks to demonstrate that Melanchthon's intellectual impact went beyond the Lutheran circles. Despite religious disputes, exchange of ideas on geography, mathematics and natural philosophy was taking place between Wittenberg and Basel. Accordingly, the development of Melanchthon's natural philosophy may be re-assessed as a broader evangelical debate on nature. Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia can be seen as a contribution to this debate. This study pays also particular attention to the illustrations of the Cosmographia. Although scholars have been aware of a significant descriptive impulse in the northern renaissance art, only very recently has this phenomenon been connected with Protestant theology. This study aims at raising the question of whether the new theological currents endorsing minute recording of natural appearances could be seen as a key factor behind the emerging descriptivism in the Sixteenth Century images of nature.
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AZZINI, ELEONORA. "Domizio Calderini e la recognitio tabularum Ptolemaei. Indagini critiche e paratestuali sulla prima edizione romana della Cosmographia (1478)." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/579897.
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Coppard, Sally A., University of Western Sydney, and of Arts Education and Social Sciences College. "The dance between cosmography and chorography : mapping Australia." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/40258.
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This thesis proposes that maps contain much more than just a depiction of physical space. Focusing on a selection of maps of ‘Australia’, the following attributes are found in some of these maps: myth and imagination, memory, power and the evolution of a people’s relationship with a place. Each attribute is the centrepiece of a separate chapter. The investigation undertaken here begins before ‘Australia’ was a known, named and mapped identity, at least as far as Europe was concerned, and continues up to the present day. It moves from maps of the imagined, the unknown and the theoretical, the science of cosmography, to chorography, which concerns maps of the local and the known. Cosmography operates on the grandest scale attempting to depict the whole world whereas chorography attempts to map details that can be recognised on the land. The words cosmography and chorography have fallen into disuse but the meanings of both were re-examined for this work, allowing for a unique mapping picture to emerge. The dance between these two kinds of mapping is the methodological pivot around which this thesis revolves. Chapter one begins in the theoretical realm of cosmography with the creation of the Antipodes, an idea that arose as a consequence of classical and Hellenistic Greek philosophical and theoretical concepts. This land only existed on maps yet came to harbour myths and imaginary attributes. Although replaced by Terra Australis Incognita, fantasy and myth continued to inhabit this southern part of the mapped world. Explorers eroded the unknown until a European chorographical destination, Botany Bay, was mapped into place. The dance then began all over again across the landmass called ‘Australia’ as the boundary between the known and unknown was crossed and mapped. Chapter two is a detailed study of the minutiae on chorographical maps of the Burragorang Valley and surrounding area. The names used for various geographical features are shown to contain memories of past inhabitants both Aboriginal and European. These memories still exist on maps of this area whereas the land the maps depict has been radically altered by the inclusion of man-made lake that has all but removed the earlier human marks on the landscape. The power embedded in both cosmographical and chorographical maps is examined in chapter three. In 1493 Pope Alexander VI drew a line on a cosmographical map and ‘donated’ half the non-Christian world to Spain and half to Portugal, thus commencing a process whereby a few European Christian nations carved up the rest of the world with the help of the authority vested in cosmographical maps. This culminated, as far as Australia was concerned, with Lieutenant James Cook’s map of the east coast of New Holland, which enabled the British Crown to claim land to the east of the 135th meridian, the line Alexander VI had drawn. Within sixty years this claim had expanded and covered the whole of the Australian landmass. On the ground, chorography recorded each individual parcel of land as it changed from Aboriginal land to European property. In chapter four, the concern is the way maps facilitated an evolving relationship between European Australians and the land they came to inhabit rather than the use of the maps in colonial appropriation. The focus in this chapter is on marginal lands where little European involvement is evident either on the ground or on the map. Because it is here in less trampled areas that any European marker on a map becomes important, and because there are so few of these markers, it is possible to trace the way these key features have evolved and have taken on a new significance over time.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Rocha, Bruno André Ribeiro. "New Maps of the Dark Side: Redshift drift cosmography." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139359.
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Chen, Che-Yu, and 陳哲佑. "Eddington-Born-Infeld cosmology: a cosmographic approach, a tale of doomsdays and the fate of bound structure." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mzes6c.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
天文物理研究所
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The Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld scenario (EiBI) extit{`{a} la} Palatini approach is characterised by being equivalent to Einstein theory in vacuum but differing from it in the presence of matter. This theory prevents the Big Bang singularity either through a bounce or a loitering effect for a matter content whose equation of state is constant and positive. We show the impossibility of smoothing a big rip on the EiBI setup. The story is quite different for other singularities. Indeed, we invoke the EiBI scenario as a mean to avoid/smooth other dark energy related singularities with respect to the physical metric. We show that a big freeze singularity in general relativity (GR) can be smoothed in the EiBI scenario in some cases, where the singularity is substituted by a sudden or a type IV singularity. Similarly, a sudden singularity in GR can be replaced in some regions of the parameter space by a type IV singularity in the EiBI framework. And a type IV singularity can be replaced in some cases by a loitering behaviour. Furthermore, we also find that the auxiliary metric related to the physical connection usually has a smoother behaviour than the physical metric. In addition, we show that bound structures close to a big rip or little rip will be destroyed before the advent of the singularity and will remain bound close to a sudden, big freeze or type IV singularity. This result is independent of the choice of the physical or auxiliary metric. Subsequently, we constrain the model following a cosmographic approach which is well known to be theoretically model independent for a given Friedmann-Lema^itre-Robertson-Walker geometry. It turns out that among the various past singularities or beginning predicted by the theory, the cosmographic analyses pick up the physical region which determines the occurrence of a type IV singularity or a loitering effect in the past. While among the various future singularities or doomsday predicted, the use of observational constraints on higher order cosmographic parameters is necessary to predict which doomsday is more probable. We estimate as well when those singularities would happen in the future or in the past. The thesis is based on the works [1,2]. [1] is already published and [2] is about to be submitted for publication.
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RELAÑO, Francesc. "The idea of Africa within myth and reality : cosmographic discourse and cartographic science in the late Middle Ages and early modern Europe." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5957.
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Defence date: 17 October 1997Examining Board: Prof. Michael Brett, S.O.A.S. (University of London) ; Prof. Kirti N. Chaudhiri, Supervisor (European University Institute, Florence) ; Prof. Laurence Fontaine (European University Institute, Florence) ; Prof. José Luis Urteaga, Co-supervisor (Universitat de Barcelona)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Abstract extracted from the beginning of the introduction.
The existence of Africa was widely appreciated in southern Europe since Antiquity. Its proximity to the coasts of Greece and Italy on the one hand, and the wide-ranging expansion of the Roman Empire on the other, had indeed revealed the existence of African territories on the other side of the mare nostrum. From the earliest times then, the southern shores of the Mediterranean were easily integrated into the classical ecumene, defined as a mental continuum of inhabitable space not fragmented into continents. No independent idea of Africa could thus arise in Classical Antiquity, nor did it appear in the Middle Ages. As shall be argued throughout this work, it is not until the Renaissance that the idea of Africa finally emerged.
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Hunfeld, Christa. "The "Science of the countenance": full-bodied physiognomy and the cosmography of the self in seventeenth-century England." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3022.
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Physiognomy is generally assumed to be, and has been historicized as, the science of judging human character according to the features of the face. However, the type of physiognomy favoured by seventeenth-century English authors was one which adapted the Aristotelian claim that physiognomy be a full-body study. This project explores how physiognomic focus on the entire body – from the forehead, fingers and feet to the breast, belly and back – was shaped by contemporary religious and “scientific” legitimating claims, and how it interacted with the century’s anxieties regarding disorder and the self. The implicit suggestion that few bodies and the souls which helped shape them were perfectly symmetrical and, by extension, virtuous, illustrated human variety and depravity and stressed the need for self subordination. Only through reason and God’s grace, it was argued, could humans moderate the interconnected and essentializing influences of sin, the stars and the humours, and thereby embody the godly values of truth, virtue and harmony. The full-bodied practice of seventeenth-century physiognomy simultaneously emphasized human uniqueness and God’s omnipotence, and was both a part and product of predominant tensions and mentalities.
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Peterson, Heather Rose. "Heavenly influences : the cosmic and social order of New Spain at the turn of the seventeenth century." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-12-613.
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This is the story of Spanish belonging in New Spain and the creation of New Spaniards. Tracing Spanish perceptions of place, the body, belonging, and Indian mortality, as well as constructions of “nativeness” and “Spanishness” from the conquest, this work does three things. First it examines the ideological constructs behind Spanish belonging, and the ideas that Spaniards brought with them about their bodies and their relationship to the environment. Second it follows the progression of these ideas through the first three generations of Spanish colonization, paying particular attention to the way that political rivalries, the exigencies of the crown, and Indian mortality affected discourse on belonging and identity. Finally, it captures a moment at the turn of the seventeenth century, when residents of New Spain began to re-imagine their belonging and their relationship to the land and its original inhabitants.text
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Masse, Vincent. "Sublimés des Nouveaux Mondes – Évocation des lieux de l'expansion européenne dans les imprimés français, des origines à 1560." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19202.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse propose l'analyse des processus de l'intégration discursive des « Nouveaux Mondes » – c'est-à-dire des nouveaux lieux de l'expansion européenne des XVe et XVIe siècles – dans les imprimés français d'avant 1560. Le corpus s'y veut exhaustif, mais l'étude porte en priorité sur (1) les mentions brèves (dites sublimées), que celles-ci relèvent de la digression ou qu'elles soient intégrées, et (2) les textes actualisés, c’est-à-dire les traductions, les rééditions avec annexes, les adaptations, etc. Une division bipartite et heuristique est proposée, avec d'une part les actualisations d'écrits procédant par l'exclusion d'un ou d'élément(s) de l'hypotexte (c'est-à-dire du matériel textuel qui préexiste à l'acte de publication), et d'autre part par l'adjonction d'éléments supplémentaires. Cette division permet d'analyser les dits lieux, d'une part en fonction d'un principe de pertinence (lequel est révélé par les phénomènes d'exclusion), et d'autre part en fonction d'une recherche de l'inédit, voire de l'acte contentieux (qu'exprime éloquemment l'acte d'adjonction). La thèse démontre comment les deux principes, celui de la pertinence et celui de la recherche de l'inédit, sont liés à la culture émergente de l'imprimé, ainsi qu'au développement d'une grande variété de genres et de discours: littérature géographique, chroniques annales, pamphlets ou manuels anti-syphilitiques, lettres missionnaires, littérature eschatologique, traités didactiques, etc. Le concept d'acte de publication, qui est corrélatif à celui d'actualisation, permet d'aller au-delà d'une opposition entre l'ouvrage dit « périmé » et l'ouvrage dit « progressiste ». Pour ce faire est reconsidéré l'apport, pour la diffusion des nouveaux lieux, de textes comme le Tractatus de sphaera de Joannes de Sacrobosco (XIIIe siècle) et la lettre apocryphe du Prêtre Jean (XIIe siècle), qui aux XVe et XVIe siècles sont réactualisés suivant une perspective heuristique ou didactique, et participent ainsi à l'émergence d'une économie discursive des « Nouveaux Mondes ».