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Stegk, Jochen [Verfasser]. "11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenasen in der Cortison/Cortisol-Umwandlung / Jochen Stegk." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043957669/34.
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Krumbholz, Aniko. "Plasmaproteinbindung endogener Glucocorticosteroide und deren Einfluss auf Haar- und Speichelkonzentrationen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230609.
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Glucocorticosteroide (GC) spielen für viele endogene Prozesse im Organismus eine wichtige Rolle. Sie regulieren die Gluconeogenese sowie den Lipid- und Proteinstoffwechsel. Außerdem sind sie für die Stressregulierung über die Hypothalamus-Nebennierenrinden-Achse verantwortlich. Therapeutisch kommen die GCs wegen ihrer entzündungshemmenden Wirkung zum Einsatz und werden u.a. bei Asthma und Gelenkentzündungen angewandt. Diese Eigenschaft macht sie auch interessant für den Gebrauch im Sportbereich. Dort wird ihre Anwendung über die Weltantidopingagentur reguliert. Ihr oraler, intramuskulärer, intravenöser und rektaler Gebrauch ist im Wettkampf verboten. Diese Einschränkung bzgl. des Applikationszeitraumes und des Applikationsweges erschwert die diagnostische Aussagekraft von Routinedopingproben, welche im Urin durchgeführt werden. Ein Grenzwert von 30 ng/ml soll einen legalen Gebrauch von einem Missbrauch abgrenzen. Die endogenen Glucocorticosteroide stellen hierbei jedoch einen Graubereich dar. Endogen wird Cortisol in einem zirkadianen Rhythmus produziert und die Produktion ist stressinduziert. Somit kommt es zu ausgeprägten intra- und interindividuellen Streuungen der endogenen Produktion. Dadurch bedingt ist eine Abgrenzung der endogenen Produktion von einer legalen Anwendung bzw. einem Missbrauch im Rahmen der Dopingrichtlinien im Urin nicht möglich.
Speziell für den Nachweis von endogenen Substanzen ist es wichtig, eine Methode zu finden, mit der es möglich ist, die endogene Produktion von einer exogenen Bezugsquelle abzugrenzen. Dabei haben sich zwei Wege als hilfreich herausgestellt. Zum einen, wenn die Differenzierung nicht an Hand von Absolutkonzentrationen sondern durch die Anwendung von Analytverhältnissen durchgeführt wird. Zum anderen, wenn zusätzliche Untersuchungen im Speichel oder Haar durchgeführt werden. Haar- und Speichelproben zählen zu den ergänzenden Matrizes der Routineuntersuchungsmedien Urin und Blut und werden bereits in vielen forensischen und klinischen Laboren für diagnostische Fragestellungen verwendet. Diese Matrizes liefern wichtige Hinweise auf den akuten (Speichel) oder chronischen/ zurückliegenden (Haar) Gebrauch bzw. Missbrauch von Medikamenten und Drogen. Sowohl die Haar- als auch Speichelmatrix sollen den physiologisch aktiven Anteil von Substanzen im Blut widerspiegeln und somit korrektere Rückschlüsse auf deren Wirksamkeit zulassen.
Das endogene Glucocorticosteroid Cortisol steht seit der Jahrtausendwende im Blickpunkt vieler Forschungen, welche sich mit dessen Bedeutung für die Stressantwort befassen und Cortisol u.a. im Speichel und Haar nachweisen. Auffällig ist dabei, dass die ersten Arbeiten fast ausschließlich mittels immunchemischen Nachweisverfahren erfolgten. Erst in den letzten fünf Jahren wurde vermehrt LC-MS/MS-Verfahren angewandt. Vorteil dieser ist, dass der Nachweis von Substanzen selektiv erfolgt und Kreuzreaktionen nicht stattfinden. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, dass die Konzentrationen von mehreren Analyten mit einer Messung bestimmt werden können. So ist es zum Beispiel möglich Cortisol und andere Steroide, z.B. dem Cortison parallel nachzuweisen.
Cortison spielt für die physiologische Wirkung der Glucocorticosteroide im Körper keine Rolle, da es selbst nicht biologisch aktiv ist. Deshalb wurde es in bisherigen Forschungen für diagnostische Aussagen nicht berücksichtigt. Mit Verwendung der LC-MS/MS-Technologie werden jedoch beide endogenen GCs zunehmend nebeneinander bestimmt. Bei der Betrachtung von unterschiedlichen Untersuchungsmedien ist auffällig, dass sich die Konzentrationsverhältnisse Cortisol zu Cortison unterscheiden. Entgegengesetzte Verhält-nisse werden ersichtlich, wenn die GC-Konzentrationen im Blut mit denen im Speichel bzw. Haar verglichen werden. Bisher wurden diese Beobachtungen mit der lokalen Wirksamkeit von Enzymen, welche die Corticosteroide ineinander umwandeln, erklärt.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde folgender Fragestellung für die Nachweisbarkeit der Glucocorticosteroide nachgegangen:
„Wie hoch ist der Anteil der Plasmaproteinbindung der GCs im Blut und welche Rückschlüsse lassen sich daraus auf die Konzentrationsverschiebung innerhalb der einzelnen Matrizes ziehen?“
Basierend auf die einzelnen Teilprojekte wurden sowohl Plasmaproben als auch Speichel- und Haarproben hinsichtlich ihrer GC-Konzentrationen analysiert. Die Untersuchung von Kontrollproben ermöglichte es, Referenzwerte unter Normalbedingungen zu erheben. Die Ergebnisse aus den Projekten ergaben, dass die beiden endogen GCs Cortisol und Cortison in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationsverhältnissen in den Analysenmedien vorkommen:
Plasma: Gesamtkonzentration F:E ca. 3:1
freie Konzentrationen F:E ca. 1:1
Speichel: F:E ca. 1:5
Haar: F:E ca. 1:3
Die Bestimmung der Plasmaproteinbindung (PPB) beider endogener GCs hat gezeigt, dass Cortisol mit ca. 96 % stärker an die Transportproteine CBG und Albumin bindet als Cortison mit ca. 85 %. Dies führt dazu, dass sich die freien, nicht-proteingebundenen Konzentrationen angleichen und es zu einer Verhältnisverschiebung von Cortisol zu Cortison von 3:1 auf 1:1 kommt. Somit stehen vergleichbare Konzentrationen für die Inkorporation ins Haar bzw. die Diffusion in den Speichel zur Verfügung. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die freien Plasmakonzentrationen beider GC stark mit den Speichelkonzentrationen korrelieren. Cortisol aber unterproportional und Cortison überproportional vom Plasma in den Speichel übergeht. Dies kann mit zwei weiteren Mechanismen, welche während der Diffusion eine Rolle spielen, der unterschiedlichen Lipophilie und der Inaktivierung durch lokale Enzym-reaktionen, erklärt werden.
Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass sich die Tagesrhythmik der GC-Produktion im Speichel abbilden lässt und eine starke Korrelation zwischen Cortison und Cortisol vorliegt. Mit Hilfe einer Grenzfunktion können endogene Referenzkonzentrationen definiert und Messdaten eingeordnet werden. Unter anderem wurde gezeigt, dass eine Hormonersatztherapie mit Hydrocortison zu einer Verschiebung der Metabolisierung und der PPB führt und somit ein Gebrauch/Missbrauch von GCs durch abweichende Konzentrationsverhältnisse nachweisbar ist. Speicheluntersuchungen während einer chronischen Stresssituation (Schwangerschaft) zeigen, dass die GC-Produktion stetig ansteigt und sich besonders die morgendlichen Werte unterscheiden.
Um die tageszeitlichen und stressbedingten Schwankungen der GC-Produktion auszublenden und eine längere Zeitspanne zu betrachten, wurden zusätzlich Haarproben analysiert. In diesen wurde ein kontinuierlicher Anstieg der GCs in den proximalen Haarsegmenten nachgewiesen, was auf eine kontinuierlich erhöhte Inkorporation während der chronischen Stresssituation schließen lässt. Außerdem wurde gezeigt, dass die Haarkonzentrationen dem Auswascheffekt unterliegen und die nachweisbaren Konzentrationen geringer werden, je älter das Haar wird. Schlussfolgernd kann gesagt werden, dass beide Mechanismen (Einlagerung und Auswaschung) konkurrieren und deshalb Referenzdaten nur für das proximale Segment erhoben werden können. Für weitere Segmente sind die Auswirkungen der individuellen Einflüsse nicht mehr allgemeingültig kalkulierbar und nur noch intraindividuelle Vergleiche nach mehrmaliger Beprobung aussagekräftig. Sind die Effekte der verstärkten Inkorporation größer als die Auswaschung, lassen sich diese auch Monate später erkennen.
Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Plasmaproteinbindung der GCs zur Verhältnisverschiebung der Konzentrationen im Blut, Speichel und Haar beiträgt. Etwa 50 % des beobachteten Effekts kann der PPB zugeordnet werden. Weitere Quellen sind die unterschiedliche Lipophilie der GCs und die enzymatische Umwandlung, welche im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit jedoch nicht „quantitativ“ betrachtet wurden. Die enzymatische Inaktivierung wurde bis dato als Hauptverantwortliche für die Konzentrationsverschiebung diskutiert. Mit der aktuellen Arbeit wurde dies widerlegt, und die Plasmaproteinbindung als Hauptquelle identifiziert.
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Kilpatrick, K. W. E. "Measurement of urinary free cortisol and cortisone by high pressure liquid chromatography." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501303.
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Gordic, Milorad. "Theoretical modeling of cortisol sensor." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002689.
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Costa, Ludmila da Silva Tavares 1983. "Redução de estresse e de não colaboração em pacientes odontopediatricos : avaliação da eficacia de intervenção psicologica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288795.
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Orientador: Rosana de Fatima PossobonDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O choro e o movimentar-se de modo nervoso podem ser considerados como respostas típicas de estresse, ou seja, conseqüências comportamentais da exposição a estímulos aversivos, tal como ocorre durante o tratamento odontológico. Isso sugere a necessidade da realização de intervenções psicológicas a fim de diminuir o nível de estresse da criança exposta à situação de tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficiência de estratégia psicológica de dessensiblização, com sessões planejadas para a adaptação da criança ao tratamento, visando à diminuição do nível de estresse verificado através do nível de cortisol salivar e o aumento do grau de colaboração do paciente durante o tratamento preventivo. A amostra foi composta por 10 crianças participantes dos programas oferecidos pelo Centro de Pesquisa e Atendimento para Pacientes Especiais (Cepae) da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP-Unicamp) (faixa etária de 40 a 52 meses) que manifestavam comportamentos de não colaboração durante os procedimentos odontológicos preventivos. As sessões experimentais foram planejadas com passos de aproximação sucessiva ao objetivo final, que era a realização de todos os procedimentos preventivos com colaboração da criança. O estresse experimentado pela criança, antes e depois das sessões experimentais, foi investigado por meio da avaliação dos níveis salivares de cortisol. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre a média de comportamentos de não colaboração emitidos pelas crianças nas sessões inicial (44,6 ± 16,72) e final (5,40 ± 3,92) e diminuição da média da concentração de cortisol salivar entre a consulta inicial (0,65 ± 0,25 µg/dL) e final (0,24 ± 0,10 µg/dL). Após as sessões de dessensibilização, houve diminuição significativa dos comportamentos não colaboradores como choro, movimento nervoso, apreensão e esquiva, evidenciando a eficiência da estratégia. Conclui-se que a atuação de um profissional de Odontologia, preparado para lidar com questões comportamentais, pode contribuir para diminuir o grau de aversividade relacionada à situação de tratamento, melhorando o comportamento da criança durante a realização dos procedimentos clínicos e evitando a sua exposição à situações estressantes.
Abstract: Crying and moving around nervously can be considered as typical stress responses, therefore behavioral consequences of aversive stimuli exposure, such as what happens during dental treatment. This suggests the need for psychological treatments in order to reduce the levels of stress in the children exposed to these procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the desensitization psychological strategy, with planned sessions for the child's adaptation to the treatment, aiming to de decrease the stress levels (verified by the level of salivary cortisol) and the increase levels of collaboration of the patient during the preventive treatment. The sample was made up of 10 participating children form de Cepae-FOP-Unicamp (age range of 40 to 52 months) that presented non cooperation behavior during preventive dental procedures. The experimental sessions were planned with successive approximation steps to the final goal, which were the completion of all preventive procedures in collaboration with the child. The stress experienced by the child, before and after the experimental sessions, was investigated by evaluating the cortisol salivary levels. The results showed a significant difference between the average behavior of non cooperation issued by children in the initial sessions (44,6 ± 16,72) and final (5,40 ± 3,92) and a decrease in the average concentration of salivary cortisol in the initial session (0,65 ± 0,25 µg/dL) and the final (0,24 ± 0,10 µg/dL). Even more, after the desensitization sessions, there was a significant decrease of non cooperative behaviors as crying, nervous movements, apprehension and elusiveness. Concluding that the performance of the dentistry professional, prepared to deal with behavioral issues can contribute to lower the level of rejection related to the treatment, improving the behavior of the child during the clinical procedures and avoiding exposure to stressful situations.
Mestrado
Fisiologia Oral
Mestre em Odontologia
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Fernandes, Viviane Mendes. "Cortisol salivar e atenção auditiva sustentada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61132/tde-12062017-161255/.
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Objetivo:Verificar uma possívelcorrelação entre o nível de cortisol salivar e a atenção auditiva sustentada em crianças com fissura labiopalatina. Localde Execução:Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais. Método:Estudo prospectivo com 69 crianças de seis a 11 anos de idade, com fissura labiopalatina, com audição normal e sem histórico de desatenção. As crianças foram submetidas à coleta de saliva, para a mensuração do nível de cortisol, e ao Teste de Habilidade de Atenção Auditiva Sustentada (THAAS), para verificar a atenção sustentada. Resultados:Os resultados demonstraram a ausência de significância estatística entre os sexos, tanto para o nível de cortisol quanto para a atenção auditiva sustentada. As crianças de 7 anos apresentaram os piores resultados na atenção sustentada e os mais altos níveis de cortisol salivar. Conclusão: Foi possível verificar correlação positiva, com diferença estatisticamente significativa, entre o nível de cortisol salivar e a habilidade de atenção auditiva sustentada apenas nas crianças com fissura labiopalatina na faixa etária de sete anos.Objective: To verify a possible correlation between salivary cortisol level and sustained auditory attention in children with cleft lip and palate. Place of Execution: Hospital of Rehabilitationof Craniofacial Anomalies. Method:Prospective study with 69 children from 6 to 11 years of age, with cleft lip and palate, with normal hearing and no history of inattention. The children were submitted to saliva collection for the measurement of cortisollevel and to the Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test(SAAAT) to verify sustained attention. Results:The results demonstrated the absence of statistical significance between the sexes, both for the cortisol level and for the sustained auditory attention. The 7-year-old children had the worst results in sustained attention and the highest levels of salivary cortisol. Conclusion:A positive correlation with a statistically significant difference between salivary cortisol level and sustained auditory attention ability was observed only in children with cleft lip and palate at the age of seven years.
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Bhagwagar, Zubin. "Serotonin, cortisol and vulnerability to depression." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410616.
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Ward, Janelle Wendy-Ann. "Feto-placental metabolism : regulation by cortisol." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619701.
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Hannen, Rosalind Francesca. "Cortisol synthesis by primary human keratinocytes." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/473.
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Cortisol analogues have been used to treat skin disorders, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, for over 50 years but the ability of normal human keratinocytes to synthesise cortisol has not been reported. Keratinocytes are capable of de novo cholesterol synthesis, they express P450 enzymes that are required for steroidogenesis and can metabolise androgens and estrogens. In addition, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) that controls the rate determining step of acute steroidogenesis has been identified in the epidermis. The aim of this thesis was to identify de novo cortisol steroidogenesis by keratinocytes and investigate the function of cortisol in keratinocytes in vitro. Normal epidermis was shown to express three cholesterol transporters that are associated with promoting steroid synthesis; StAR was identified in the basal layer, metastatic lymph node 64 (MLN64) in the suprabasal layers and translocator protein (TSPO) was detected throughout the epidermal layers. In addition, the nuclear receptor DAX1, a negative regulator of StAR, was identified in the cytoplasm of cells that form normal epidermis. Comparatively, the expression of these proteins was altered in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, where DAX1 was localised to the nucleus of most diseased tissue and StAR was not detected. This suggests that acute steroid synthesis is ablated in these hyperproliferative skin conditions. The ability of normal primary human keratinocytes to synthesise cortisol was investigated. Radioimmunoassay demonstrated keratinocytes were capable of de novo pregnenolone synthesis, which was promoted with the cortisol analogue dexamethasone (dex). Interestingly, 25-hydroxycholesterol, which bypasses StAR, did not further enhance steroid synthesis. This suggests that there is an alternative rate determining step of steroid synthesis in cultured primary keratinocytes. Thin layer chromatography demonstrated keratinocytes could metabolise pregnenolone to progesterone and progesterone to cortisol. Progesterone metabolism to cortisol was also confirmed with liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. 3 Dex was shown to maintain keratinocyte viability and was implicated in promoting cellular redox potential. Since redox potential is a critical regulator of steroidogenesis, this observation could provide a mechanism for dex-induced pregnenolone synthesis in cultured keratinocytes. These observations led to a hypothesis that local cortisol synthesis functions to regulate cellular redox potential to prevent cell death as part of a positive feedback system. Therefore, this thesis has identified the cortisol steroidogenic pathway in primary human keratinocytes and a potential functional mechanism for the pathway.
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Santema, Peter. "Conflict, cooperation and cortisol in meerkats." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608222.
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Oxford, Jonathan K. Geary David C. "Testosterone and cortisol in coalitional competition." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5728.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 2, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. David C. Geary. Includes bibliographical references.
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Montenegro, Ana Carla. "Cortisol salivar e depressão pós-parto." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12772.
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A associação de alterações do eixo neuroendócrino (hipotalâmico-pituitário-adrenal) com transtornos psiquiátricos é conhecida, entretanto há poucos relatos na literatura a respeito das mudanças no eixo HPA no período puerperal e depressão pós-parto. O puerpério é caracterizado pelo aumento na vulnerabilidade de transtornos psiquiátricos (depressão e transtornos de ansiedade), entretanto, não se sabe exatamente qual a participação das variações hormonais neuroendócrinas, e como se comportam estes hormônios na depressão pós-parto. Estima-se que a depressão pós-parto (DPP) afete entre 10-15% das mulheres no puerpério A DPP é muitas vezes associada com intenso sofrimento emocional e pode representar conseqüência negativa para mãe e recém nascido. Há inúmeros fatores de risco para DPP, entre eles, destacam-se história pessoal e familiar de transtornos psiquiátricos, fatores socioeconômicos, relação familiar conturbada e também fatores relacionados com o parto, puerpério precoce, fatores biológicos, genéticos e hormonais. A gestação humana influencia de forma importante o eixo hipotalâmico-pituitário-adrenal (HPA). O cortisol parece ser um bom marcador biológico da atividade do HPA. As mudanças que ocorrem na gestação e no puerpério alteram os parâmetros utilizados pelas técnicas laboratoriais que medem o cortisol. A persistência da globulina carreadora de cortisol (GCG) no pós-parto altera a medida do cortisol plasmático. A utilização do cortisol salivar para avaliação do eixo HPA tem sido muito estudada, com sensibilidade e especificidades semelhantes aos dos métodos usuais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a relação do cortisol salivar com os transtornos psiquiátricos no puerpério. O estudo selecionou mulheres no pós-parto durante a consulta pós-natal de rotina do hospital Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), entre duas e 36 semanas de pós-parto. Foram aplicados dois questionários, um com as características sócio-demográficas e o SCID –I (Structered Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Disorders). O estudo avaliou 66 mulheres, 33 apresentaram critérios para depressão pós-parto (DPP) e 33 não apresentaram sintomas de DPP. A média de idade da amostra foi de 26,24 anos ± 6,57 (range 17-41 anos), A média de pós-parto foi de 97,53 dias ± 50,11. Trinta e quatro mulheres (51,52%) tiveram parto cesariano, 23 (34,85%) apresentaram alguma complicação durante a gravidez (diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial, pré-eclâmpsia, ameaça de abortamento), 48 (72,73%) mulheres eram casadas ou moravam com o companheiro, 50 (75,76%) mulheres não trabalhavam. História pessoal de transtorno psiquiátrico estava presente em 11 (16,67%) mulheres. A média do cortisol salivar nas puérperas com DPP foi de 166,7±109,5 e das sem DPP foi de 199,6±141,3, p=0,22. O estudo conclui que não houve diferença entre os valores do cortisol entre mulheres que apresentaram DPP quando comparadas com as que não apresentaram. Transtorno psiquiátrico prévio a gestação esteve mais associado com DPP.
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Poll, Eva [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Hellhammer. "The role of cortisol and cortisol dynamics in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage / Eva Poll ; Betreuer: Dirk Hellhammer." Trier : Universität Trier, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1197698086/34.
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Sinegar, Samantha E. "Mindfulness, Cortisol, and Sexual Minorities: Investigation of the effects of Mindfulness on Diurnal Cortisol Patterns in Sexual Minorities." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1493380636330927.
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Lauginie, Laura. "Relations entre personnalité et manifestations biopsychologiques du stress et répercussions sur la blessure sportive." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3057/document.
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Ce travail est basé sur le stress-injury model de Williams & Andersen (1998) qui proposeque les manifestations du stress peuvent être une des causes de la blessure sportive. Le rôle indirect de la personnalité sur la blessure par ses effets sur les manifestations du stress bien que théoriquement proposé a été relativement peu étudié. L’objet de ce travail est de combler ce manque en utilisant de surcroît des indicateurs biologiques et psychologiques des manifestations du stress. Ce faisant nous tentons de compléter le modèle précédent par les apports de Salvador (2005) qui propose également que la personnalité peut moduler les manifestations biopsychologiques du stress. Deux études en milieu naturel et en contexte sportif ont été réalisées. La première étude est un suivi longitudinal d’une saison de rugbymen professionnels et vise à analyser les déterminants biopsychologiques de leur blessure. Il apparaît que des scores élevés en caractère consciencieux, en stabilité émotionnelle, en fatigue perçue et en LH (Hormone Lutéinisante) semblent avoir un rôle protecteur vis-à-vis de la blessure alors que des scores élevés en agréabilité, en cortisol et en TSH (Hormone Thyréostimulante) semblent plutôt constituer des facteurs de risques. La seconde étude est une étude quasi-expérimentale visant à tester l’effet modulateur des caractéristiques de personnalité sur les réactions biopsychologiques lors d’une situation stressante d’évaluation en danse contemporaine. Les résultats confirment l’effet modulateur de la personnalité : les profils à forte stabilité émotionnelle et faible caractère consciencieux se caractérisent par un pic de cortisol plus important que les autres groupes ; les profils à faible stabilité émotionnelle et fort caractère consciencieux présentent des niveaux d’anxiété somatique et cognitive plus hauts et perçus comme étant plus défavorables. En identifiant certains profils de sujets plus à risques de blessures ou à même de réagir plus intensément face à une situation stressante, ce travail ouvre des applications dans l’amélioration de la gestion du stress et des blessures sportivesThis work is based on the idea proposed by Williams and Andersen (1998) that stressresponse may be a predictor of sport injury. The ability of personality to indirectly predict sport injury through its effects on the stress response is relatively unexplored. The goal of this PhD thesis is to fill this gap in the literature and to enrich this approach by using stress biopsychological markers. In this regard we have used the theoretical propositions of Salvador (2005) that also suggests that personality may moderate biopsychological stress response. Two field studies in the sport context have been conducted. The first one is a season-long-longitudinal follow-up of professional rugby players that aims to evaluate some biopsychological predictors of sport injury. Results revealed that high scores inconscientiousness, emotional stability, tiredness and LH (Luteinizing Hormone) were associated with lower rates of injuries whereas high scores in agreeableness, cortisol and TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) were associated with higher rates of injury. The second one is a quasi-experimental study testing the moderating effect of personality on the stress response during an evaluation of contemporary dance. Results confirmed the expected modulating effect: subjects high in emotional stability and low in conscientiousness presented higher concentrations in salivary cortisol; subjects with low emotional stability and high conscientiousness perceived their levels of somatic and cognitive anxiety higher and more detrimental to their performance. By identifying profiles “at risk” of injury as well as subjects more likely to react intensely when facing a stressor, this work offer some applications that may help to improve prevention of sport injury and coping with stressors
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Baker, Robert. "Investigation of glucocorticoid and local immunological function in tuberculosis and inflammation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249300.
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Bertotto, Daniela. "Il cortisolo come indicatore di stress in specie ittiche d'interesse commerciale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422868.
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During the last years, fish welfare interest is increasing in the public opinion and, consequently, in scientists, industry and governments. Reared fishes are often exposed to stress conditions, due to practices such as manipulation, grading, high stocking densities, transport, pre-slaughter conditions and slaughter methods.
The stress response in fishes is similar to that of the other vertebrate and, if stress conditions are prolonged, it causes lowered grow rate, immunosuppression and reproductive failure. In aquaculture, stressors are often unavoidable despite the stress control is essential for welfare and productivity.
In this study, cortisol was used to identify the more appropriate practices to improve welfare in two very important farmed species: rainbow trout and European sea bass. Diets with different vegetable protein meal levels and different slaughter methods were evaluated in trout. In sea bass, the study focused on pre-slaughter conditions with different dissolved oxygen concentrations and stocking densities. Due to the difficulties related to blood sampling, cortisol was evaluated also in other matrices such as mucus, muscle, fin and intestinal content. The timing of cortisol diffusion into the various matrices was also evaluated in sea bass exposed to air exposure stress.
The stress response was lastly investigated in the very early stages of sea bass development (zero-fifteen days post hatching). In summary, the electrical stunning is preferable as regard trout welfare and a diet in which fish meal is replaced by plant proteins could not influence the stress response to slaughter in this species.
In sea bass, stocking densities and dissolved oxygen level seemed to be less effective on cortisol level than the fishing and transport procedures during the pre-slaughter practices. So, an accurate planning of this phase is important to reduce stress of the fishes at slaughter. The cortisol levels in the matrices different from plasma, in most cases, were effective in detecting the stress status of fish.
Lastly, the study on sea bass larvae evidenced a precocity in the stress response ontogenesis which impose very soon accuracy in aquaculture managementll benessere dei pesci o “fish welfare” sta riscuotendo negli ultimi anni sempre maggiore interesse nell’opinione pubblica e di conseguenza nel mondo della ricerca, dell’industria e dei governi. In allevamento, i pesci sono sottoposti molto spesso a condizioni stressanti (manipolazione, selezione, densità , trasporto, condizioni di pre-macellazione e tecniche di macellazione), condizioni alle quali non possono sottrarsi dato il confinamento. La risposta allo stress nei pesci è analoga a quella dei cosiddetti vertebrati superiori e, se lo stress si prolunga nel tempo, determina crescita ridotta, immunosoppressione e deficit riproduttivi. Gli stressori in acquacoltura sono in molti casi inevitabili ma la riduzione dello stress e dei suoi deleteri effetti è fondamentale sia per il welfare che per la produttività . Nel presente studio, si è utilizzato il cortisolo per identificare pratiche più idonee al benessere di due specie d’interesse commerciale: la trota iridea e la spigola. In particolare, si sono valutati gli effetti di diete con percentuali diverse di farina proteica vegetale e di diversi metodi di macellazione sullo stress nella trota e di condizioni diverse di densità di stoccaggio e ossigeno disciolto durante le fasi di pre-macellazione nella spigola. Date le problematiche legate al dosaggio del cortisolo nel plasma e alle modalità di prelievo, negli animali adulti lo steroide è stato valutato anche in altre matrici quali muco, muscolo, pinna e contenuto intestinale. I risultati ottenuti dalle sperimentazioni hanno suggerito tempi di diffusione diversi dello steroide nelle diverse matrici e pertanto si è condotta una verifica di questa ipotesi sottoponendo spigole ad uno stress di esposizione all’aria. Infine, data la fragilità delle prime fasi di sviluppo e l’effetto deleterio del cortisolo, si è valutata la risposta allo stress termico in larve di spigola nei primi quindici giorni di vita. La sperimentazione sulla trota ha messo in evidenza che, in questa specie, le diete testate sono ininfluenti sulla risposta allo stress e che, alla macellazione, l’elettrostordimento è da preferire all’asfissia all’aria. Per quanto riguarda la spigola si è visto che le condizioni di densità di stoccaggio e di ossigeno disciolto testate sembrano ininfluenti sulla concentrazione di cortisolo rispetto alle pratiche di pesca e trasferimento che le fasi di pre-macellazione comportano e quindi è soprattutto questa fase che va pianificata con cura per ridurre il lo stress agli animali. Lo studio dell’ontogenesi della risposta allo stress nella stessa specie ha evidenziato una precoce capacità di secrezione endogena del cortisolo che impone agli allevatori una attenta cura a partire dalle primissime fasi di vita della spigola. La valutazione del cortisolo in matrici diverse dal plasma si è rivelata, nella maggior parte dei casi, uno strumento utile per monitorare lo stato di stress oltre che in pesci macellati, in cui il prelievo di sangue non è possibile, anche in animali ai quali non sia possibile ridurre lo stress prodotto dalle pratiche di pesca e manipolazione
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Wichmann, Susann [Verfasser]. "Cortisol Stressreaktion bei der Panikstörung / Susann Wichmann." München : GRIN Verlag, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188524569/34.
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Cox, Simon Riddington. "Cortisol, cognition and the ageing prefrontal cortex." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9585.
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The structural and functional decline of the ageing human brain varies by brain region, cognitive function and individual. The underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. One potentially important mechanism is exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs; cortisol in humans); GC production is increasingly varied with age in humans, and chronic exposure to high levels is hypothesised to result in cognitive decline via cerebral remodelling. However, studies of GC exposure in humans are scarce and methodological differences confound cross-study comparison. Furthermore, there has been little focus on the effects of GCs on the frontal lobes and key white matter tracts in the ageing brain. This thesis therefore examines relationships among cortisol levels, structural brain measures and cognitive performance in 90 healthy, elderly community-dwelling males from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Salivary cortisol samples characterised diurnal (morning and evening) and reactive profiles (before and after a cognitive test battery). Structural variables comprised Diffusion Tensor Imaging measures of major brain tracts and a novel manual parcellation method for the frontal lobes. The latter was based on a systematic review of current manual methods in the context of putative function and cytoarchitecture. Manual frontal lobe brain parcellation conferred greater spatial and volumetric accuracy when compared to both single- and multi-atlas parcellation at the lobar level. Cognitive ability was assessed via tests of general cognitive ability, and neuropsychological tests thought to show differential sensitivity to the integrity of frontal lobe sub-regions. The majority of, but not all frontal lobe test scores shared considerable overlap with general cognitive ability, and cognitive scores correlated most consistently with the volumes of the anterior cingulate. This is discussed in light of the diverse connective profile of the cingulate and a need to integrate information over more diffuse cognitive networks according to proposed de-differentiation or compensation in ageing. Individuals with higher morning, evening or pre-test cortisol levels showed consistently negative relationships with specific regional volumes and tract integrity. Participants whose cortisol levels increased between the start and end of cognitive testing showed selectively larger regional volumes and lower tract diffusivity (correlation magnitudes <.44). The significant relationships between cortisol levels and cognition indicated that flatter diurnal slopes or higher pre-test levels related to poorer test performance. In contrast, higher levels in the morning generally correlated with better scores (correlation magnitudes <.25). Interpretation of all findings was moderated by sensitivity to type I error, given the large number of comparisons conducted. Though there were limited candidates for mediation analysis, cortisol-function relationships were partially mediated by tract integrity (but not sub-regional frontal volumes) for memory and post-error slowing. This thesis offers a novel perspective on the complex interplay among glucocorticoids, cognition and the structure of the ageing brain. The findings suggest some role for cortisol exposure in determining age-related decline in complex cognition, mediated via brain structure.
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Sarvis, Nancy Q., Andrea D. Clements, and Tifani A. Fletcher. "Salivary Cortisol Levels of Working Therapy Dogs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7256.
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Research documenting the level of work-related stress among therapy dogs is limited. This research was designed to measure salivary cortisol in working therapy dogs. Certified handler/dog (Canis lupus familiaris) teams were recruited to participate from teams currently volunteering in the Tri-Cities, Tennessee area. Male and female dogs of various sizes and breeds were recruited. Ten dogs contributed fivesaliva samples. Dogs were fasted for one hour prior to procedure. Samples were collected over a continuum of events, for comparison of salivary cortisol levels in multiple environments. Samples were collected as follows: (1) sample in the dogs’ homes, (1)sample upon arrival at the “work” place, (1) sample just prior to leaving the “work” place, (1) sample just prior to being groomed and (1) sample taken at the dogs’ regular veterinarians’ offices. This design provided 1 control sample, 2 work samples, and2 samples that may be indicative of elevated stress. It was hypothesized that: 1) Salivary cortisol concentrations will be higher in samples collected during grooming and at a veterinary clinic than in samples collected at home, and 2) Salivary cortisol concentrations will be lower in samples collected during “working” conditions than in samples collected during grooming and at a veterinary clinic. Saliva was collected by placing a Salimetrics Children’s Swab (P/N 5001.06) [dimensions 8 x 125 mm] into the dog’s mouth until saturated, or less than four minutes. After examination of the descriptive statistics of (n=10) across five different environmental conditions, it was decided that one of the cases represented an outlier and was removed from data as subsequent analysis revealed a cortisol level that was more than 23 standard deviations away from the mean. Three dogs had at least one sample with insufficient quantity of saliva for analysis, and were removed from the data. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to compare salivary cortisol levels during different environmental conditions (pre-therapy, post-therapy, home, veterinary clinic, and groomer). There was not a significant main effect for condition, Wilks’ Lambda =.299, F (9, 2) =1.17, p=.51,multivariate partial eta squared = .70. The hypotheses were not supported. This research suggests that salivary cortisol of working therapy dogs is not significantly different than home, veterinary, or grooming conditions.
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Graß, Corinna. "Reduziert Cortisol das Abrufinduzierte Vergessen? eine Doppelblindstudie /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-55086.
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Reuter, Martin. "Cortisol und Emotion : ein experimentell-pharmakopsychologischer Forschungsansatz /." Hamburg : Kovac, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009475198&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Andrews, Robert. "Cortisol metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23073.
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In chapter 2, I describe my first study, which determined whether individuals with DMA or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) exhibit abnormalities in cortisol activity. An integrated assessment of cortisol secretion, metabolism and action was carried out in 25 un-medicated lean male patients with hyperglycaemia (20 DM and 5 IGT) and 25 healthy controls carefully matched for body mass index, age and blood pressure. This study demonstrated that patients do exhibit abnormalities in cortisol activity. Chapter 3 describes a study that examined whether altered tissue concentration of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), of 11β-HSD1 or of 11β-HSD2 could explain the difference in dermal blanching seen between patients with hyperglycaemia and normal healthy controls. Tissue concentrations of GR were found to be no different between patients with hyperglycaemia and normal healthy subjects. In chapter 4, I describe a study, which assessed whether inhibition of local tissue metabolism of cortisol, by carbenoxolone (an inhibitor of both 11β-HSD1 or 11β-HSD2) improved insulin sensitivity. 6 patients with DM and 6 matched controls, participated in a double-blind cross-over comparison of carbenoxolone (100 mg 8 hrly orally for 7 d) and placebo. At the end of each phase glucose kinetics were measured in the fasting state from 0700-0730 h, during a 3 h euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp and during a 2 h euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp with a 4-fold increase in glucagon levels. Carbenoxolone reduced total cholesterol in healthy subjects but had no effect on cholesterol in patients with DM. Carbenoxolone did not affect insulin sensitivity, but it did reduce glucose rate during hyperglucagonaemia in patients with DM. In conclusion I have demonstrated that abnormalities in cortisol activity are seen in patients with DM and that drugs specifically targeted at preventing cortisol regeneration in tissues may enhance insulin sensitivity and lead to novel developments in the treatment of DM.
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Marques, Rita Isabel Afonso. "Medição de bem-estar em ovelhas com stress térmico e nutricional." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11491.
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O estado nutricional dos ovinos mantidos em regime extensivo varia consideravelmente ao longo do ano, devido a variações na disponibilidade e qualidade das pastagens, fortemente influenciada pelas condições climáticas típicas da região mediterrânica: verão seco e outono com chuva escassa. Estas condições levam a fortes restrições alimentares em qualidade e quantidade, durante cerca de metade do ano, representando fatores de stress crónico. O principal objetivo desta tese é o de efetuar uma primeira abordagem à possibilidade de as concentrações de cortisol salivar e plasmático virem a ser bons indicadores de stress crónico, e como tal, uma importante ferramenta para controlo do bem-estar animal. Tem ainda por finalidade avaliar 3 diferentes kits comerciais ELISA, que permitam determinações de concentrações de cortisol plasmático e salivar.
O ensaio foi realizado na sala de ambiente controlado da Universidade de Évora, localizada na Herdade da Mitra. No ensaio de base, usaram-se 16 ovelhas adultas e 10 datas de colheita de amostras (peso vivo, recolha de sangue e de saliva, entre outras). Este é um estudo preliminar, utilizado para despistar valores médios que possam estar associados a stressores crónicos resultantes factores ambientais (temperatura e humidade elevadas) e também nutricionais (restrição alimentar durante a gestação). Como tal, para as determinações preliminares, apenas se utilizaram 6 animais pertencentes a dois grupos: gestantes com restrição alimentar elevada (20g/kg PV0.75) ou mais baixa (50g/kg PV0.75). Dentro e fora da sala foram registados continuamente os valores de temperatura do ar, humidade e concentração de CO2.
As condições térmicas e de humidade elevadas aumentaram os níveis de cortisol, quer plasmático quer salivar. Observa-se ainda que a maior restrição alimentar diminuiu as concentrações de cortisol, quer plasmático quer salivar. Associada à enorme variabilidade individual, o cortisol, só por si, não é um bom indicador de stress crónico, uma vez que pode apresentar concentrações elevadas ou diminuídas e deverá ser utilizado associado a outros indicadores. Para a sua determinação o kit da Salimetrics (ref. 1-3002) foi o que apresentou melhores resultados; Measure of sheep’s welfare in heat and nutritional stress conditions
### Abstract:
The nutritional status of sheep kept in extensive varies considerably throughout the year, Caused by the variations in the availability and quality of pastures, strongly influenced by climatic conditions, typical of the Mediterranean region: dry summer and fall with scarse rain.
These conditions lead to severe dietary restrictions in both, quality and quantity, in about half of the year, this representing chronic stress factors.
The main objective of this thesis is to make a first approach to the possibility of the concentrations of salivary cortisol and plasma, come to be good indicators of chronic stress, and as such, an important tool for control of animal welfare.
Also aims to evaluate three different commercial ELISA kits, which allow determination of concentrations of plasma and salivary cortisol.
The test was conducted in a controlled environment room at the University of Évora, located at Herdade da Mitra. In the basic test, it is used 16 adult sheep and 10 dates of sampling (live weight, collection of blood and saliva and others). This is a preliminary study, used to screen values that can be associated with chronic stressors resulting from environmental factors (temperature and high humidity), and also nutritional (dietary restriction during pregnancy). As such, for the preliminary determinations, only used 6 animals belonging to two groups: pregnant with high dietary restriction (20g/kg BW0.75) or lower (50g/kg BW0.75). Inside and outside the room the values for air temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration were continuously recorded.
The high thermal and moisture conditions increased cortisol levels, either plasma or saliva. It was also observed that most food restriction decreased cortisol concentrations either plasma or saliva. Associated with enormous individual variability, cortisol alone is not a good indicator of chronic stress, since it can have high or reduced concentrations and should be used in conjunction with other indicators. For your determining the kit Salimetrics (ref. 1-3002) showed the best results.
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Garcia, Marcia Carvalho. "Cortisol sanguineo e salivar como indicadores de estresse." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314609.
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Orientador: Regina Celia SpadariTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T21:14:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_MarciaCarvalho_D.pdf: 2444623 bytes, checksum: 19d8fc9818febb47b3d43f0f80c847d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Hans Selye definiu stress como a " resposta não específica do organismo frente a agentes ameaçadores de sua integridade". O avanço de técnicas e métodos tanto de coleta de material biológico, quanto de análises destes tornaram esta definição polêmica. Apresentamos neste trabalho a evolução do conceito de estresse e os termos a ele associados, levando em conta que a resposta de estresse tem caráter adaptativo e visa proteger o organismo e garantir a sua sobrevivência, quando se refere a experiências de tempo limitado que o indivíduo pode superar. Por outro lado, o estresse torna-se perigoso para a saúde quando o senso de controle e o domínio são perdidos. O sistema de resposta de estresse envolve regiões cerebrais que se conectam entre si e desencadeiam estímulos por meio de dois eixos: um neural e outro hormonal aos sistemas periféricos. Os glicocorticóides participam em todas as etapas da resposta de estresse, e são, por isso, considerados como marcadores biológicos desta resposta. A determinação da concentração salivar de cortisol é, atualmente, a técnica de eleição para este fim. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a determinação da concentração salivar de cortisol pode ser utilizada como indicador biológico de estresse relacionado a diversas atividades humanas. Determinamos a concentração sérica de cortisol em jogadores de futebol durante duas temporadas esportivas, e a concentração salivar de cortisol em atletas de basquetebol também durante duas temporadas esportivas, em estudantes durante o ano de preparo para o vestibular, além de utilizar esta técnica para investigar o índice de estresse associado ao baixo status socioeconômico. Nossos resultados mostraram que a concentração salivar de cortisol apresenta vantagens sobre a determinação da concentração sanguínea deste hormônio por ser não invasiva, ser indolor e de fácil manejo. Além disso, os dados permitiram avaliar o índice de estresse associado à prática esportiva, em duas modalidades diferentes, a uma atividade intelectual, representada pelo esforço realizado para entrar na universidade, e à condição socioeconômica adversa. Por outro lado, verificamos que cuidados devem ser tomados para garantir a adesão dos voluntários aos protocolos de coleta, uma vez que esta tende a ser baixa neste tipo de abordagem. Além disso, esta técnica é adequada para avaliar a concentração de cortisol como indicadora do índice de estresse relacionado à prática esportiva, à atividade intelectual, e o estresse associado ao baixo status socioeconômico. Nós também concluímos que no início da temporada esportiva os atletas ficam expostos a concentrações mais altas de cortisol, embora o ritmo circadiano do hormônio seja mantido. Nos jogos matinais, mas não nos vespertinos ou noturnos foi possível estabelecer correlação positiva entre concentração de cortisol e vitória. Concluímos que, estudantes brasileiros candidatos a ingressar na Universidade apresentaram stress, depressão e ansiedade. A concentração de cortisol salivar oscilou durante o ano, com altas concentrações nos meses que os estudantes tiveram que decidir sobre a carreira a seguir e a universidade. No mês novembro, concentrações moderadas de cortisol salivar foram significativamente correlacionadas com sucesso no exame. Em pessoas de baixo status socioeconômico verificamos que os altos índices de estresse percebido e da concentração salivar de cortisol impactam negativamente em sua saúde e se correlacionam com o estresse experimentado diariamente. Considerando que esta corresponde a 30% da população brasileira, isto pode representar um grande impacto nas políticas públicas de saúde.
Abstract: Hans Selye defined stress as 3the organism non specific response to any threat to its integrity3. During most of the past century, Selye's theory has been challenged by a number of scientists who discussed many of its aspects based on new data. In this work we present the evolution of stress theory and associated terms, considering that the stress response is adaptive and that it has been conserved to protect and to guarantee survival. This happens when the stressor is present for a short period, and when the subject can overcomes it. On the other hand, the stress response turns into harmful when the subject looses control over the situation. The stress system includes cerebral regions that are connected and that trigger stimuli through a neural and a hormonal axis towards the periphery, preparing the organism to the fight-or flight reaction or adaptation. Because glucocorticoids play a role in every phase of the stress response these hormones have been recognized as biological markers of the stress reaction. The aim of this work was to evaluate the salivary cortisol levels (SCL) related to several human activities and conditions. We determined the seric cortisol levels in soccer players and the salivary cortisol levels in basketball athletes during two competitive seasons, in Brazilian students during the year they prepare to enter the University, and in a group of people with low socioeconomic status. Results have shown that using salivary cortisol is better than blood levels because it is easier, painless and can be done by the subject anywhere. Moreover, this technique was suitable to evaluate the cortisol level as an indicator of the stress index related to sports practice, to intellectual activity, represented by the students fight to conquer a vacancy in the public university, and associated to low socioeconomic status (LSES). On the other hand, we also concluded that the volunteers' adhesion to the protocol of sample collection is poor and may represent a challenge to the researcher. By using this technique we concluded that in the beginning of the competitive season athletes are exposed to higher levels of cortisol. However, the cortisol circadian rhythm has been preserved during all the season. In the morning games the increase of cortisol levels are related to the game result, with higher increases correlated with victory. This does not happen for the afternoon and evening games. The Brazilian students, preparing for university entrance exams, were pronounced stressed, and have shown high levels of depression and anxiety. The salivary cortisol levels oscillate during the year, with higher values in the months when the students are choosing their courses and university. Although the levels of salivary cortisol diminished in November, SCL were not correlated with success in the exam. We have concluded that the LSES is associated with high index stress perceived (PSI) and salivary cortisol levels which could impact negatively in health and it is related to the daily life stress experienced by LSES group. Because the LSES corresponds to about 30% of the total Brazilian population, it might have a great impact on public health policies and costs.
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Pardal, Mafalda Raimundo. "Doseamento de cortisol salivar em provas de resistência equestre: stress versus performance." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15848.
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A disciplina de resistência equestre tem apresentado uma crescente adesão e rápida
evolução. É importante criar um suporte científico capaz de acompanhar esta evolução e
de encontrar novos métodos que complementem a avaliação médico-veterinária
existente. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar a utilidade do doseamento de cortisol salivar
como indicador objetivo de stress e de performance durante provas de 40 e 80 Km.
Realizou-se a colheita de saliva com Salivette®Sarstedt, inserindo o algodão na boca do
cavalo com a ajuda de uma pinça hemostática. As amostras foram colhidas em casa, na
inspeção pré-raide e após cada grelha médico-veterinária, tendo sido mantidas em
refrigeração até à centrifugação e armazenadas a -20ºC até à determinação dos níveis de
cortisol por ELISA. Observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os níveis de cortisol
salivar e os vários momentos em que foram feitas as colheitas de saliva. Concluiu-se
que há uma elevada variabilidade individual e portanto são necessárias amostras
maiores para estabelecer mais associações entre o cortisol, características individuais
dos cavalos, parâmetros fisiológicos e de performance; Abstract:
Salivary cortisol determination in equestrian endurance events: stress versus
performance
The endurance has had a growing membership and quick evolution as an independent
discipline. It is important to create a scientific support able to follow this development
and to find new methods that complement the existent medical evaluation. This study is
aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the salivary cortisol assay as an objective indicator
of stress and performance along 40 and 80 Km endurance competitions. We have
conducted a saliva samples collection with Salivette®Sarstedt by inserting the cotton in
the horse's mouth with the help of a hemostat. Samples were taken at home, in the preinspection
and after each vet gate, having been kept refrigerated until centrifugation and
stored at -20ºC until determination of cortisol levels by ELISA. Significant differences
were observed among salivary cortisol levels and the various moments when saliva
collections were made. It was concluded that there is a high individual variability and
therefore larger samples are needed to establish more associations between cortisol,
individual characteristics of horses, physiological parameters and performance.
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Laurent, Mélanie. "Approche clinique comparative longitudinale de la résilience psychobiologique d’adultes confrontés à un risque de mort." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0325.
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Cette thèse repose sur une recherche longitudinale portant sur l’évolution de la résilience chez des adultes confrontés à un risque de mort, évalués à 4 reprises : deux mois après le traumatisme puis après 9 mois, 17 mois et 24 mois. La résilience biologique est évaluée par l’évolution des dosages de cortisol analysés par prélèvement salivaire. La résilience psychologique a fait l’objet d’une évaluation multifactorielle à l’aide d’une échelle de résilience (Wagnild), d’échelles cliniques permettant de s’assurer de l’absence de séquelles sur le plan de l’angoisse (STAY de Spielberger), de la dépression (BDI 2), du syndrome post- traumatique (Traumaq) et du fonctionnement intrapsychique (Rorschach). L’analyse des résultats portant sur 30 sujets étudiés permet de développer une réflexion clinique comparative sur les paramètres et processus impliqués dans la construction de la résilience ou de son échec, en mettant en relation la dimension neurobiologique avec la dimension psychologiqueThis thesis is based on a longitudinal survey of the evolution of resilience for adults who faced a risk of death. Resilience has been measured 4 times: two months after the trauma, after 9 months, 17 months and 24 months. Biological resilience is measured by monitoring salivary cortisol. Psychological resilience was assessed multifactorially using the Wagnild scale ; several clinical scales to ensure absence of anxiety (Spielberger’s STAY), depression (BDI 2), post-traumatic syndrome (Traumaq) and intrapsychic functioning (Rorschach). Analysis of the results for 30 subjects allows to develop a comparative clinical thinking on the parameters and processes involved in the construction of resilience or its failure, linking the neurobiological dimension with the psychological dimension
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Nijm, Johnny. "Inflammation and cortisol response i coronary artery disease." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15978.
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Atherosclerosis is characterized by a chronic inflammation, involving autoimmune components, in the arterial wall. An increase in proinflammatory activity relative to anti-inflammatory activity is considered to cause a progression of the disease towards plaque instability and risk of atherothrombotic events, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cortisol, the end product of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is a powerful endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator. Disturbances in the HPA axis have been reported in chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this thesis was to study various markers of systemic inflammation in patients with acute and stable conditions of coronary artery disease (CAD) and relate these findings to the cortisol response. Both patients with ACS and patients with stable CAD had high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist, compared with healthy controls. In addition, patients with stable CAD had significantly more neutrophil-platelet aggregates than controls, as a possible indicator of neutrophil activation. The cortisol response was determined in two different cohorts of CAD patients; one consisting of patients with a first-time myocardial infarction and one consisting of patients with long-term stable CAD. From the acute phase to 3 months, the patients with a myocardial infarction showed a higher 24-h cortisol secretion and a flattened diurnal slope caused by higher cortisol levels in the evening, as compared with healthy controls. The patients with long-term stable CAD showed similarly high levels of cortisol in the evening. The levels of evening cortisol were strongly correlated with CRP and IL-6. When exposed to acute physical or acute psychological stress at 3 months, the ACS patients showed a markedly blunted cortisol response compared with healthy controls. Following the stress tests, a significant increase in CRP was observed in the patients but not in the controls, indicating a failure of the HPA axis to compensate for stress-induced inflammation in CAD. In the ACS patients, the time course of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitor TIMP-1 was determined during the 3 months follow-up. A major finding was that the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels remained significantly higher in the patients at all time points compared to the controls. MMP-9 and TIMP-1, but not MMP-2, MMP-3 or MMP-7, were related to inflammatory activity, as assessed by CRP and IL-6. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 showed significant correlation with evening cortisol, even after adjustment for CRP and IL-6, lending further support for a link between ´high´ flat cortisol rhythm and systemic inflammatory activity. The activation status of neutrophils in stable CAD was further examined by measuring the expression, affinity state and signalling capacity of b2-integrins and the innate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the neutrophils in patients were not more activated in vivo than were cells in healthy controls, neither were they more prone to activation ex vivo. The data rather indicated an impaired function of neutrophils in stable CAD. The neutrophils in CAD patients showed a significantly lower number of total glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and a lower GRa:GRb ratio compared to healthy controls, indicating a chronic over activation of the HPA axis and, possibly, a state of glucocorticoid resistance. Moreover, the evening cortisol levels in patients were associated with an overexpression of annexin-1, the ´second messenger´ of glucocorticoid action. In contrast to neutrophils in controls, the neutrophils in patients also showed a hyper responsiveness to exogenous annexin-1 resulting in impaired neutrophil function. To conclude, clinically stable CAD was associated with a systemic inflammatory activity, involving a high MMP-9:TIMP-1 ratio and an increased inflammatory response to acute stress but not any activation of neutrophils. This inflammatory activity was associated with a dysregulated cortisol secretion, defined by a flat diurnal rhythm and a blunted cortisol response to stress. Although the clinical relevance remains to be verified, an intriguing hypothesis is that a hyporesponsive HPA axis favours the development towards plaque instability.On the day of the defence date the title of article III was: "A sustained elevation of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 is associated with diurnal salivary cortisol in patients with acute myocardial infarction-a 3-month follow-up".
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Laxton, Adrian W. "Testosterone, cortisol, psychopathy, and antisocial behavior in men." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/MQ31221.pdf.
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Eck, Marleen Magdalena Margarethe van. "Stress, mood, and cortisol dynamics in daily life." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6695.
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Nijm, Johnny. "Inflammation and cortisol response in coronary artery disease /." Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/med1037s.pdf.
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Abel, Stuart Michael. "Cortisol metabolism in vitro : biological and structural determinants." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357368.
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Faghih, Rose Taj. "System identification of cortisol secretion : characterizing pulsatile dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96457.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-113).
Cortisol controls the body's metabolism and response to inflammation and stress. Cortisol is released in pulses from the adrenal glands in response to pulses of adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH) released from the anterior pituitary; in return, cortisol has a negative feedback effect on ACTH release. Modeling cortisol secretion and the interactions between ACTH and cortisol allows for quantifying normal and abnormal physiology and can potentially be used for diagnosis and optimal treatment of some cortisol disorders. Due to noise, modeling these interactions using concurrent data from serum ACTH and cortisol levels is challenging. First, using serum cortisol levels, we model cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands by representing the sparse pulses of cortisol using an impulse train. We formulate an optimization problem and successfully recover infusion and clearance rates as well as physiologically plausible cortisol pulses. Then, for serum ACTH and cortisol levels, we model ACTH and cortisol secretion by representing the sparse ACTH pulses using an impulse train. By considering a multi-rate system, we formulate another optimization problem and successfully recover model parameters as well as physiologically plausible ACTH pulses. We solve both optimization problems under the assumption that the number of pulses is between 15 to 22 pulses over 24 hours, and recover the timing and amplitudes of the pulses using compressed sensing, and employ generalized cross validation for determining the number of pulses. In all our studies mentioned above, the datasets we use consist of ACTH and cortisol levels sampled at 10-minute intervals from 10 healthy women. Finally, we present a mathematical characterization of pulsatile cortisol secretion. We hypothesize that there is a controller in the anterior pituitary that leads to pulsatile release of cortisol, and propose a mathematical formulation for such controller. Our proposed controller achieves impulse control, and the obtained impulses and plasma cortisol levels exhibit cortisol circadian and ultradian rhythms that are in agreement with experimental data.
by Rose Taj Faghih.
Ph. D.
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Clements, Andrea D., Wallace E. Jr Dixon, and B. J. Salley. "Obtaining Saliva From Toddlers for Cortisol Concentration Determination." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7292.
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Perogamvros, Ilias. "Regulation of bioavailable cortisol by corticosteroid-binding globulin." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528509.
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Steffens, Adriana. "Cortisol Levels and Voltage Conditions of College Students." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/273.
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There is a limited research base on low voltage brain conditions, which are characterized by electrical activity being measured at below 20 microvolts. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between saliva cortisol levels and voltage using an EGG in a college student population. Illuminating this relationship is important to inform how low voltage conditions can affect daily memory and cognitive functioning of undergraduate college students that may be a result of stress. The college student population may be vulnerable to the low voltage condition because of stress from the transition between teenage and adult life and related social and academic pressures. Sapolsky's theory of stress, which hypothesized that high cortisol levels will manifest as a low voltage condition, guided this study. The sample included 60 undergraduate students recruited by flyers distributed on the campus of a liberal arts college. A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between explain the variables. Although no low voltage was found in this study sample, the study results contribute to positive social change by providing a better understanding for students and staff of brain functioning when exposed to chronic stress and encourage the implementation of programs for managing stress and prevention of stress before it reaches a chronic state and negatively impacts brain functioning.
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Fragoso, Priscila Luzia. "Métodos de imunoensaio não radiométricos - enzimaimunoensaio (EIA) - e radiométricos - radioimunoensaio (RIA) - na avaliação dos metabólitos fecais de glicocorticoides em gatos domésticos que vivem sozinhos e em pequenas colônias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-09122013-102303/.
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A avaliação dos níveis de estresse nos animais tem importância tanto na área médica, econômica e de bem-estar, assim estudos vem sendo cada vez mais difundidos neste quesito. Os gatos são animais de companhia que tem progressivamente conquistado espaço no mundo moderno, dessa forma vem sendo mais observados e estudados, demonstrando-se bem mais sociais do que anteriormente se acreditava. Zelar pela qualidade de vida dos mesmos é dever do veterinário, e não somente pela questão médica em si mas também pelo bem-estar, já que se sabe, por exemplo, que condições estressantes podem levar a alterações orgânicas deletérias. A mensuração do cortisol, ou de seus metabólitos, tem sido utilizada para avaliar de forma fisiológica o bem-estar dos animais, tanto domésticos quanto selvagens. As técnicas para tal mensuração também vem sendo aperfeiçoadas, buscando-se assim ensaios mais precisos, seguros e baratos. No presente trabalho pretendemos comparar quantitativamente e qualitativamente dois imunoensaios radioimétrico (radioimunoensaio) e enzimático (enzimaimunoensaio) - utilizando amostras fecais de gatos domiciliados que vivem sozinhos ou em pequenas colônias. Sua importância deve-se ao uso de uma nova técnica, mais barata e segura, porém ainda pouco difundida no nosso país.Evaluation of stress levels among animals has both medical and welfare importance and studies regarding this matter have been increasingly published. Cats are companion animals achieving a special position within modern societies they have been carefully observed and studied thus demonstrating that they are much more social than previously thought. Taking care of cats´ life quality is a veterinarian duty not only because it constitutes a medical issue per se but also due to its welfare implications: it is well known, for instance, that stressful conditions can lead to deleterious organic diseases. Measurement of cortisol levels (or its metabolites) has been used as a physiological parameter for investigating the welfare of both domestic and wild animals. Laboratory techniques used for such measurements have been under improvement in order to achieve more precise, safe and cheap assays. In the present study we aim at comparing quantitatively two assays radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay by using domestic cats faecal samples (single and in-group housed cats). The relevance of this study lays on the use of a pioneering technique, cheap and safe, besides the establishment of a scientific cooperation with a leading university´s laboratory one of the few existing which deals with faecal hormonal dosages.
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Gaiato, Ana Paula Rodrigues. "Pico de lactação, persistência e apoptose mamária em cabras da raça Saanen: alterações causadas pelo estresse." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-08022010-141006/.
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A seleção de animais mais produtivos e a melhoria da qualidade do leite são os principais objetivos dos caprinocultores. Desta forma, o presente estudo, sob a hipótese de que o estresse pode intensificar o processo de apoptose durante a lactação, propõe estudar o efeito do estresse (via administração de ACTH) em animais estressados pontualmente (durante toda a lactação) e submetidos a estresse prolongado (durante três dias seguidos), sobre os níveis de cortisol, quantidade e qualidade do leite produzido e taxa de apoptose das células mamárias. Durante o experimento foram utilizadas 12 cabras primíparas da raça Saanen, subdivididas em 2 grupos e submetidas a aplicação de ACTH/Placebo bimensalmente. Ao longo de todo experimento foram realizadas coletas de sangue pontuais e durante os desafios, além de coletas de leite para mensurar os componentes e a Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos na produção leiteira e dos componentes do leite (proteína, gordura, lactose e CCS). Nos dias de desafio, animais que receberam ACTH obtiveram picos de produção de cortisol, diferentemente das fêmeas que receberam Placebo. Portanto conclui-se que mesmo produzindo cortisol, as fêmeas não obtiveram queda na qualidade tampouco na quantidade de leite produzido, o estresse de curta duração não traz prejuízos produtivos ao animal.The selection of productive animals and milk quality improvement are the main goals of goat breeders. According to the hypothesis that stress can intensify the apoptosis process during lactation, the purpose of this research is to study stress effect through ACTH administration in animals stressed during lactation and submitted to a three day stress period. Twelve first-rate pregnancy Saanen goats were subdivided in two groups and submitted to ACTH and Placebo treatment once every two months. During the experiment, blood and milk samples were collected to measure Somatic Cell Count (SCC), protein, fat and lactose. Cortisol levels, quantity and quality of produced milk and mammary cells apoptosis rate were analyzed. As a result, there were no differences in milk production, protein, fat, lactose and SCC levels between both groups. On the other hand, animals who received ACTH obtained cortisol peaks, differently than those who received Placebo. Despite cortisol production, the quality and quantity of produced milk did not changed. Concluding, a short stress period does not impact on the goat milk production.
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Junior, Marcus Antonio Brêda. "Relação entre ansiedade odontológica e cortisol salivar em pacientes submetidos à exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58136/tde-07022013-140410/.
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O Objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre ansiedade odontológica e cortisol salivar por meio de escalas e o nível de cortisol salivar em pacientes submetidos à exodontia dos terceiros molares inferiores. O estudo envolveu 15 pacientes com idade entre 18 e 29 anos, do gênero masculino e ASA I (saudável), submetidos à exodontia dos terceiros molares inferiores bilateralmente sob anestesia local. Foram coletados dados subjetivos por meio de escalas (Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah, Escala Visual Análoga de ansiedade e dor, Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado de Spielberger, Escala Verbal e Escala Visual Numérica de ansiedade e dor) e objetivo por meio da coleta de cortisol salivar. Os dados obtidos revelaram correlação entre ansiedade odontológica e dor detectada por meio da escala visual numérica, que evidenciou diferença estatística significante na redução quando comparado os períodos de 3 minutos após a anestesia e 2 horas após o início da segunda cirurgia. O cortisol salivar no período de 2 horas após o início da primeira e segunda cirurgia expôs alteração da curva do ritmo circadiano elevando-a, contudo sem diferença estatística. As cirurgias para extração de terceiros molares inferiores foram capazes de alterar a curva do cortisol mesmo em pacientes com baixo nível de ansiedade. A experiência interfere na resposta do paciente frente à ansiedade e dor, se de forma positiva, reduzindoas de modo significante.The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dental anxiety and salivary cortisol using scales and salivary cortisol levels in patients undergoing extraction of third molars. The study involved 15 patients aged between 18 and 29 years, male and ASA I (healthy), undergoing extraction of third molars bilaterally under local anesthesia. Data were collected by means of subjective scales (Corahs Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of anxiety and pain, Spilberger State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Verbal Scale and Visual Numeric Scale of anxiety and pain) and objective by collecting salivary cortisol. These data revealed a correlation between dental anxiety and pain detected by visual numerical scale, showing statistically significant difference in reduction compared periods of 3 minutes after anesthesia and 2 hours after starting the second operation. The salivary cortisol within 2 hours after the onset of first and second operation curve exhibited alteration of circadian rhythm raising it, however no statistical difference. Surgeries for extraction of third molars were able to change the curve of cortisol even in patients with low anxiety levels. The experience interferes with the patient\'s response against the anxiety and pain, in a positive way, reducing them so significant.
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Mendonça, Amanda Roca Blasques de. "Padrão diurno de secreção de cortisol e manifestações psicológicas do estresse em profissionais de enfermagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-12122014-113806/.
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Introdução: A exposição frequente dos profissionais de enfermagem a estressores relacionados ao trabalho tem sido amplamente descrita na literatura. Entretanto, a magnitude e intensidade do estresse dependem não somente dos estressores, mas também da interação destes com a avaliação cognitiva da situação estressora, com os recursos de enfrentamento e com a reação psiconeuroendócrina do estresse. Embora diversos estudos tenham descrito as reações psicológicas do estresse e seu enfrentamento nos profissionais de enfermagem, pouco se sabe sobre as características da reação neuroendócrina. Isto é particularmente importante, dado que padrões atípicos de secreção diurna de cortisol, principal hormônio do estresse, estão associados ao aumento da susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, imunológicas e transtornos mentais. Assim, questiona-se a frequência de padrões atípicos de cortisol e sua relação com manifestações psicológicas nestes profissionais. Objetivo: Analisar o padrão diurno de secreção de cortisol dos profissionais de enfermagem de unidades hospitalares. Método: Foram incluídos 56 profissionais de enfermagem randomicamente selecionados, alocados nas unidades ambulatório, clínica médica, clínica cirúrgica, centro cirúrgico, pronto socorro infantil e adulto, unidade de terapia intensiva adulto e pediátrica de um hospital universitário. Para avaliação do padrão diurno de secreção de cortisol foram coletadas amostras de saliva em dois dias úteis consecutivos de trabalho e, para as manifestações psicológicas, foram aplicados os instrumentos escala de estresse percebido (EEP), questionário de sofrimento mental (SRQ-20), inventário de depressão de Beck (IDB) e escala de estresse no trabalho (EET). Os dados foram armazenados e analisados utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 14.0 e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Quanto ao padrão de secreção de cortisol, 42,5% dos profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram padrão atípico de secreção de cortisol, sendo que 19,5% eram técnicos de enfermagem. Quanto às variáveis psicológicas, 54,5% perceberam-se com alto nível de estresse (EEP), 51,2% referiram que o estresse estava relacionado ao trabalho (EET), 15,5% apresentaram distmia e depressão (IDB) e 56,8% apresentam sinais de sofrimento mental (SRQ-20). Não houve associação entre padrão de secreção de cortisol e as variáveis psicológicas. Conclusão: Mais de um terço da amostra de profissionais de enfermagem apresentou padrões atípicos de secreção de cortisol, além de relatarem elevados níveis de estresse, estresse relacionado ao trabalho e sofrimento mental. Estes dados sugerem que estes profissionais podem estar expostos a uma sobrecarga não apenas mental, mas biológica, estando expostos ao risco para o adoecimento.Background: Frequent exposure of nurses to work-related stressors has been widely described in the literature. However, the magnitude and intensity of the stress depends not only on stressors, but also their interaction with the cognitive appraisal of stressful situation, the resources and coping with the psychoneuroendocrine stress response. Although several studies have described the psychological reactions of stress and coping with it in nursing, little is known about the characteristics of the neuroendocrine response of stress. This is particularly important since atypical patterns of diurnal cortisol secretion are associated with increased susceptibility to the development of cardiovascular, immunological diseases and mental disorders. Thus, we arised the question about the frequency of atypical patterns of cortisol and its relationship with psychological manifestations in nursing professionals. Objective: To analyze the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion of nursing professionals at a hospital setting. Methods: Fifty six (n = 56) nursing professionals were randomly selected allocated to the outpatient clinic, medical clinic, surgical clinic, surgical center, pediatric unit, adult and pediatric emergency department and intensive care unit of a university hospital. To evaluate the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion, saliva samples were collected on two consecutive working days. For the psychological manifestations of stress the following instruments were applied: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Self-report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the work-related stress scale (WSS). Data were stored and analyzed using SPSS version 14.0 and the level of significance was 5%. Results: Regarding the pattern of cortisol secretion 42.5% of nurses had atypical pattern of cortisol secretion and 19.2% were from nursing technical professional category. Regarding psychological variables, 54.5% perceived themselves at high stress level, 51.2% reported that stress were work-related 15.5% had depression and dysthymia and 56.8% showed signs of mental distress. There was no association between pattern of cortisol secretion and the psycological variables. Conclusion: More than one third of the sample exhibited atypical pattern of cortisol secretion as well as high levels of stress, work-related stress and mental distress. These data suggest that these workers may be exposed not just to psychological overload, but also to biological burden and could be exposed to a risk for the illness.
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Ribeiro, Michele Ferreira. "Avaliação do potencial antioxidante do capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf) sobre a apoptose do tecido mamário e qualidade do leite de cabras Saanen." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-27032012-095637/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial antioxidante do capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf) sobre a qualidade do leite de cabra (produção, composição, características físico-químicas, contagem de células somáticas, contagem bacteriana total e oxidação lipídica) antes (Fase 1) e após a administração pontual de ACTH (Fase 2), bem como a apoptose do tecido mamário (Fase 3) de cabras leiteiras da raça Saanen em lactação. Nas Fases 1 e 2, 44 cabras foram alimentadas com ração composta por 53,2% de silagem de milho na matéria seca (MS) (T1), sendo a silagem de milho substituída em 33,5% (T2), 66,5% (T3) e 100% (T4) pelo feno de capim-limão peletizado, sendo que na Fase 3, doze cabras ao final do período de lactação (264,67 ± 31,86 dias) foram submetidas à biópsia de glândula mamária. Houve aumento numérico do consumo de matéria seca (CMS) com o aumento da inclusão de capim-limão nas duas fases experimentais (Fase 1 e 2) sem, no entanto, afetar a produção de leite. Os teores de gordura e sólidos totais na Fase 2 foram maiores nos tratamentos T1 e T3 após a indução de estresse via ACTH e reduziram linearmente com a inclusão de teores crescentes de capim-limão. Não houve diferença na contagem bacteriana total do leite nas duas fases experimentais. Já a contagem de células somáticas foi menor no tratamento T2 após a indução de estresse via ACTH e reduziu linearmente com a inclusão de níveis crescentes de capim-limão na Fase 2. A oxidação lipídica na Fase 1 não foi influenciada pelo capim-limão, mas na Fase 2 houve redução linear com a inclusão de capim-limão. A administração de ACTH não influenciou a oxidação lipídica do leite (Fase 2). Não houve efeito da inclusão de capim-limão sobre as concentrações de DNA e RNA, bem como na fragmentação do DNA (Fase 3) em gel de poliacrilamida 8%, no entanto, foi verificado efeito quadrático na contagem de células apoptóticas, com maior valor para o tratamento T2. A inclusão de níveis crescentes de capim-limão na alimentação de cabras leiteiras não reduziu a apoptose da glândula mamária, no entanto, aumentou a estabilidade oxidativa do leite, comprovando seu efeito antioxidante.The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates (D.C.) Stapf) on the quality of goat\'s milk (production, composition, physical-chemical characteristics, somatic cell count, total bacterial count and lipid oxidation) before (Phase 1) and after punctual administration of ACTH (Phase 2), as well as mammary gland apoptosis (Phase 3) of milk goats of Saanen breed in lactation. In phases 1 and 2, 44 goats were fed ration composed by 53.2% of corn silage in dry matter (DM) (T1), where corn silage was substituted in 33.5% (T2), 66.5% (T3) and 100% (T4) by lemongrass pelletized hay. In phase 3, twelve goats at the end of lactation period (264.67 ± 31.86 days) were submitted to mammary gland biopsy. It was observed a numeric increase in dry matter intake (DMI) with the increase of lemongrass inclusion in two experimental phases (Phase 1 and 2) without, however, affecting milk production. The contents of fat and total solid in Phase 2 were higher in treatments T1 and T3 after stress induction through ACTH and were linearly reduced with increasing levels of lemongrass. There was no difference in total bacteria counts in milk in two experimental phases. Somatic cell counts were lower in treatment T2 after stress induction through ACTH and linearly reduced with the inclusion of increasing levels of lemongrass in Phase 2. Lipid oxidation in Phase 1 was not influenced by lemongrass inclusion but in Phase 2 there was linear reduction with lemongrass inclusion. The administration of ACTH did not influence milk lipid oxidation (Phase 2). There was no effect of lemongrass inclusion on DNA and RNA concentration, as well as in DNA fragmentation (Phase 3) in polyacrylamide gel 8%. However, it was observed quadratic effect in apoptotic cells counts with higher value for treatment T2. The inclusion of increasing levels of lemongrass in the feeding of dairy goats did not reduce the apoptosis of mammary gland, however, increased the oxidative stability of milk, proving its antioxidant effect.
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Lesnau, Giuliano Gustavo. "Correlação dos parâmetros endócrinos e comportamentais em cadelas abandonadas em programa de ressocialização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-12092014-161525/.
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O mecanismo do estresse já é conhecido e apresenta dois momentos: o estresse agudo que libera fatores termogênicos e inflamatórios mediados por Interleucina 6 (IL6) e o crônico que busca a supressão da reação inflamatória e é mediado pela presença de cortisol. Quando cães abandonados são alojados em abrigos, também passam por um momento de adaptação, entretanto não existe até o momento um programa de ressocialização destes cães instituído em nível governamental, visando o bem estar junto a seus novos donos. A intervenção da ressocialização neste momento, a correlação do comportamento de cães com parâmetros fisiológicos e endócrinos relativos ao estresse ainda não foram descritas, o que suscita a hipótese de que a mesma possa amenizar os impactos traumáticos do abandono. Foram utilizadas 27 cadelas divididas em 3 grupos: com donos, abandonadas não treinadas e abandonadas treinadas. As cadelas abandonadas e treinadas foram depois adotadas. O adestramento durou 15 min/dia por 21 dias. A avaliação comportamental (etograma e etoteste) foi realizada a cada 7 dias e a avaliação dos parâmetros fisiológicos (frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, taxa de oxigenação sanguínea, pulsação) bem como a coleta de saliva, diariamente. Após a adoção, os grupos foram acompanhados por mais uma semana. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA, após verificação da normalidade dos mesmos. A correlação entre os parâmetros foi analisada por meio do teste de correlação de Pearson. Os valores foram considerados diferentes para p<0,05. O resultado mais surpreendente foi a manutenção da IL6 em níveis baixos após a cirurgia de castração nas cadelas treinadas, enquanto os outros dois grupos, submetidos à mesma cirurgia tiveram elevação significativa desta citocina. Os resultados do treinamento foram mais evidentes nos etogramas após a adoção: houve melhora da interação dos cães com a nova família, aumento das atitudes de brincadeira, e maior receptividade aos novos donos. O abanar de cauda como comportamento de comunicação apareceu com frequência muito maior nas cadelas treinadas depois de adotadas. Cadelas não treinadas após a adoção manifestaram mais comportamento de ociosidade, desestímulo e depressão, reduzindo seu estado de alerta. Estes resultados sugerem que o evento do adestramento tranquiliza as cadelas no ambiente estressante do abrigo, melhora seus parâmetros fisiológicos, controla comportamentos de medo tornando-as mais aptas a se adaptarem melhor após a adoção. Não houve diferenças no cortisol entre os três grupos (p > 0,05). No entanto, a concentração de IL6 foi menor nos cães treinados em relação aos demais (p < 0,05). No que diz respeito ao etoteste, houve correlação negativa entre IL6, sociabilidade e treinabilidade em todos os grupos (r=-0,48 a -0,72; p<0,04) e com temperamento somente nos cães abandonados (r=-0,72; p=0,02). Após a adoção, observou-se correlação positiva entre o cortisol e treinabilidade no grupo de cães treinados (r = 0,99; p<0,0001). O adestramento permitiu maior aprendizado e concentração e maior socialização dos cães após a adoção. O aumento de IL6 interfere negativamente nesta ressocialização. Sugerimos que o cortisol contribua para a treinabilidade e aumento de IL6 seja um indicativo de falta de bem-estar.The mechanism of stress is already known and can be divided in two stages: acute stress, which releases thermogenic factors and inflammatory -mediated interleukin 6 (IL6) and chronic stress, which suppresses the inflammatory response and is mediated by the presence of cortisol. When stray dogs are housed in shelters, they undergo a period of adaptation; however, until now there is not a ressocialization program at the governmental level aiming to improve their welfare along with their new owners. The ressocialization program beginning when dogs arrive to the shelter and the correlation of dogs´ behavior with physiological and endocrine parameters related to stress have not yet been described , which raises the hypothesis that it can decrease the traumatic impact of abandonment. Twenty seven healthy bitches were divided into 3 groups: with owners, abandoned not trained and abandoned trained. The trained and abandoned dogs were later adopted. The training lasted 15 min / day for 21 days. The behavioral assessment (ethogram and ethotest) was performed every 7 days and physiological parameters assessment (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygenation rate, pulse) as well as saliva collection, daily. After the adoption, the bitches were evaluated for 7 additional days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, after testing the results for normality. The correlation between parameters was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. Values were considered different at p < 0.05. The most surprisingly result was the maintenance of low levels of IL6 in trained dogs after neutering, whereas the other two groups showed a significant increase of IL6. The consequences of training were evident in ethograms after adoption: there was an improvement of the interaction of dogs with the new family, attitudes of playing were more numerous, and dogs showed a greater receptivity to the new owners. The tail wagging, as communication behavior, appeared much more frequently in trained dogs after adoption. Abandoned dogs after adoption manifested more idleness, discouragement and depression behaviors and reduced alertness. These results suggest that the training reassures bitches in the stressful shelter environment, improves their physiological parameters, controls fear behaviors making them more able to adapt to the new environment after adoption. There were no differences in cortisol among the groups (p > 0.05). However, IL-6 concentration was lower in trained than in abandoned or owned dogs (p < 0.05). Concerning the ethotest, there was a negative correlation between IL6, sociability and trainability in all groups (r = -0.48 to -0.72; p <0.04) and only in relation to temper in abandoned dogs (r = - 0.72; p = 0.02). Upon adoption, there was a positive correlation between cortisol and trainability in trained dogs (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001). Training allowed greater learning and concentration and greater socialization of dogs after adoption. The increase in IL6 seems to impair this re-socialization. We suggest that cortisol contributes to the trainability and increases of IL6 denote lack of welfare.
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Rampim, Letícia Vinhas [UNESP]. "Efeitos etológicos e endócrinos do enriquecimento ambiental sobre o bem-estar de cães mantidos em canil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150904.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O enriquecimento ambiental consiste em técnicas para modificação do ambiente físico ou social de animais mantidos em cativeiro. Utilizado desde a década de 1970 para promover o bem-estar de animais silvestres cativos, o enriquecimento ambiental ainda é pouco utilizado para animais domésticos. A falta de desafios na vida doméstica de um animal tende a gerar distúrbios comportamentais. Estes distúrbios têm sido apontados como a maior causa de abandono de cães e gatos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a promoção de bem-estar em cães de biotério e cães de Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA), através de técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental, sendo avaliado o comportamento, a diversidade comportamental e as concentrações de cortisol sérico. Nos cães de biotério, foi possível observar diminuição de comportamentos de ansiedade e vocalização. Já nos cães de TAA, houve diminuição dos comportamentos de atenção e aumento dos comportamentos de brincadeira. Houve diferença significativa da diversidade comportamental somente no grupo dos cães de biotério e os mesmos também obtiveram diminuição significativa nas concentrações de cortisol. Não foi detectada correlação entre a diversidade comportamental e as concentrações de cortisol. O enriquecimento ambiental mostrou-se uma técnica eficaz para promover o bem-estar de cães mantidos em biotérios, mas não se mostrou tão eficaz em cães de TAA mantidos em canil, fazendo-se necessário a investigação de técnicas diferentes para este grupo de cães de trabalho.
Environmental enrichment is used to modify the physical or social environment of animals kept in captivity. Used since the 1970s to promote the welfare of captive wild animals, environmental enrichment is still little bit used for domestic animals. The lack of challenges in the domestic life of an animal tends to generate behavioral disorders. These disorders have been pointed out as a major cause of abandonment of dogs and cats. The objective of this work was to promote well-being in lab dogs and dogs of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT), through environmental enrichment techniques. Behavior, behavioral diversity and serum cortisol concentrations were evaluated. In the lab dogs, it was possible to observe the reduction of anxiety and vocalization behaviors. In AAT dogs, there was a decrease in attention behaviors and an increase in play behavior. There was a significant difference in the behavioral diversity only in the group of the lab dogs and they also obtained a significant decrease in cortisol concentrations. There was no correlation between a behavioral diversity and cortisol concentrations. Environmental enrichment has proved to be an effective technique to promote the welfare of dogs kept in labs, but it has not been shown to be effective in work dogs from AAT kept in kennels, thus making it necessary to investigate different techniques for this group.
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Bandesapt, Jean-Jacques. "Modifications des episodes secretoires du cortisol lors de perturbations du sommeil chez l'homme sain." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M210.
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Petrowski, Katja, Ulf Herold, Peter Joraschky, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Clemens Kirschbaum. "A striking pattern of cortisol non-responsiveness to psychosocial stress in patients with panic disorder with concurrent normal cortisol awakening responses." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-112661.
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Background: Subtle and inconsistent differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity have been reported for patients with panic disorder. While these patients show little or no alterations in basal ACTH and cortisol levels, it has been hypothesized that HPA hyperresponsivity was a trait in panic patients when exposed to novel and uncontrollable stimulation.
Methods: Thirty-four patients (23 females, mean age 35 yrs) diagnosed with panic disorder were compared to 34 healthy controls matched for age, gender, smoking status, and use of oral contraceptives. Both groups were exposed twice to a potent laboratory stress protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on consecutive days. Free salivary cortisol levels and heart rate responses were repeatedly measured before and following the TSST. In addition, the cortisol awakening response (CAR) was assessed to further investigate HPA reactivity in PD patients.
Results: While the TSST induced similar heart rate stress responses in both groups, cortisol responses were clearly absent in the panic patients with normal responses in the controls (F(1.96, 66) = 20.16; p < 0.001). No differences in basal cortisol levels were observed in the extended baseline period. The same cortisol stress non-response patterns were observed when patients with/without comorbid depression, or with/without psychotropic medication were compared. In contrast to their non-response to the psychosocial stressor, panic patients showed a significant CAR.
Conclusion: These findings provide strong evidence to suggest that PD patients present with a striking lack of cortisol responsivity to acute uncontrollable psychosocial stress under laboratory conditions. This unresponsiveness of the HPA axis appears to be rather specific, since a normal CAR in the morning could be documented in these patients. Thus, the present results do not support the hypothesis that PD patients show a trait HPA hyperresponsiveness to novel and uncontrollable stimulation. In contrast, the data provide support for a hyporesponsive HPA axis under emotional stress in PD patients.
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Petrowski, Katja, Ulf Herold, Peter Joraschky, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Clemens Kirschbaum. "A striking pattern of cortisol non-responsiveness to psychosocial stress in patients with panic disorder with concurrent normal cortisol awakening responses." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26860.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Subtle and inconsistent differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity have been reported for patients with panic disorder. While these patients show little or no alterations in basal ACTH and cortisol levels, it has been hypothesized that HPA hyperresponsivity was a trait in panic patients when exposed to novel and uncontrollable stimulation.
Methods: Thirty-four patients (23 females, mean age 35 yrs) diagnosed with panic disorder were compared to 34 healthy controls matched for age, gender, smoking status, and use of oral contraceptives. Both groups were exposed twice to a potent laboratory stress protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on consecutive days. Free salivary cortisol levels and heart rate responses were repeatedly measured before and following the TSST. In addition, the cortisol awakening response (CAR) was assessed to further investigate HPA reactivity in PD patients.
Results: While the TSST induced similar heart rate stress responses in both groups, cortisol responses were clearly absent in the panic patients with normal responses in the controls (F(1.96, 66) = 20.16; p < 0.001). No differences in basal cortisol levels were observed in the extended baseline period. The same cortisol stress non-response patterns were observed when patients with/without comorbid depression, or with/without psychotropic medication were compared. In contrast to their non-response to the psychosocial stressor, panic patients showed a significant CAR.
Conclusion: These findings provide strong evidence to suggest that PD patients present with a striking lack of cortisol responsivity to acute uncontrollable psychosocial stress under laboratory conditions. This unresponsiveness of the HPA axis appears to be rather specific, since a normal CAR in the morning could be documented in these patients. Thus, the present results do not support the hypothesis that PD patients show a trait HPA hyperresponsiveness to novel and uncontrollable stimulation. In contrast, the data provide support for a hyporesponsive HPA axis under emotional stress in PD patients.
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Porcari, Andréia de Melo 1983. "Aplicações da espectrometria de massas em caracterização e quantificação de matrizes biológicas." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248677.
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Orientador: Marcos Nogueira EberlinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O presente trabalho utiliza a Espectrometria de Massas para caracterização e quantificação de diferentes analitos em matrizes biológicas. Inicialmente é demonstrado o desenvolvimento de uma técnica para análise direta de triacilgliceróis (TAG) em carnes e tecidos, que podem então ser caracterizados por seu perfil lipídico. Nesta técnica, uma etapa de foto aquecimento visa extrair quase instantaneamente TAG da matriz, utilizando pouco ou nenhum solvente. O conteúdo extraído e coletado num papel pardo é então analisado por EASI-MS (Easy Ambient Sonic-spray Ionization - Mass Spectrometry), revelando o perfil de TAG em poucos segundos, sem necessidade de hidrólise, derivação ou outras extrações. Thermally-imprinted EASI-MS (T-EASI-MS) é uma técnica capaz de diferenciar tipos de carnes e seus resultados mostraram-se concordantes com a literatura e com outras técnicas tradicionais para análise de lipídios. Num segundo momento, utilizou-se a espectrometria de massas como ferramenta de quantificação, através do desenvolvimento de dois métodos analíticos para análise de cortisol em plasma e leite bovinos, utilizando LC-MS/MS (cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas seqüencial). Os métodos aqui desenvolvidos foram validados utilizando a metodologia de compatibilização de matriz (para o plasma) e de calibração direta em solvente (curva não extraída) para o leite. Ambos os métodos empregaram pequeno volume de amostra e forneceram baixos limites de quantificação (0,1 ng mL e 0,15 ng mL de cortisol para o plasma e leite, respectivamente). A metodologia desenvolvida foi aplicada para análise de dois experimentos veterinários. No primeiro foi investigada a correlação entre as concentrações de cortisol no plasma e no leite bovino, bem como o efeito da ordenha sobre a concentração do cortisol nesses fluídos biológicos. No segundo nível de cortisol em vacas com e sem mastite sub-clínica foi investigado e os resultados foram comparados aos resultados obtidos por ELISA (Enzime-linked Immunosorbent Assay) para as mesmas amostras
Abstract: This research uses mass spectrometry (MS) as a tool to characterize and quantify different analytes in biological matrices. At first, the development of a technique for direct analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) in meats and animal tissues is shown. This technique allows sample characterization through its lipid profile. It starts with a photo-heating process which aims to extract, almost instantaneously, TAG from the matrix, using very little amounts of solvent. The extract is collected on a paper which is then analyzed by EASI-MS (easy ambient sonic-spray ionization), thus revealing the TAG profile in a few seconds, without the use of hydrolysis, derivatization or exhaustive extractions. Thermally-imprinted EASI-MS (T-EASI-MS) is able to differentiate kinds of meats and has been shown to be in agreement with previous reported data and results from traditional techniques used for lipid analysis of the same samples. In a second phase, this research uses MS as a tool for quantitative analyses, through the development of two analytical methods for cortisol analysis in bovine plasma and milk, using a LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry) system. These methods were fully validated using the matrix matched methodology for plasma analysis and a non-extracted calibration curve (prepared in solvent) for milk analysis. Both methodologies use small amounts of sample and achieved very low limits of quantification (0.1 ng mL and 0.15 ng mL of cortisol for plasma and milk, respectively). The methods were applied to the analysis of samples from two veterinary experiments. In the first one, the aim was to investigate the correlation between bovine plasma and milk cortisol concentrations, as well as to determine if the milking process can change basal cortisol level in these fluids. In the second experiment, the aim was to evaluate whether milk cortisol concentrations varied or not in cows with or without sub-clinical mastitis. The samples of the second experiment were also analyzed by ELISA (enzime-linked immunosorbent assay) in order to compare the results with those from LC-MS/MS
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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Campos, Juliana Faria. "Estresse ocupacional segundo o modelo demanda-controle e suas repercussões na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem: análise das variações de cortisol salivar." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5201.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroO objeto de estudo foi o estresse no trabalho e os níveis de cortisol salivar. O objetivo geral foi avaliar a associação entre estresse no trabalho e variações de cortisol salivar de trabalhadores de Enfermagem inseridos na assistência hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro. A hipótese do estudo foi que existe associação entre trabalhadores expostos à alta exigência no trabalho e as variações de cortisol salivar. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico observacional analítico seccional, realizado em hospital estadual localizado no Rio de Janeiro com amostra de 103 trabalhadores. Para avaliação dos aspectos psicossociais do trabalho, utilizou-se o questionário Job Content Questionnaire. O cortisol salivar foi medido através da coleta de 04 amostras de cada participante em um dia do plantão: ao acordar, 30 minutos depois, às 12h e 18 h. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre março e abril de 2012. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS 18.0 para análise dos dados. As dimensões demanda psicológica e controle e a subtração foram utilizadas sob a forma contínua nas análises de correlação com as covariáveis e desfecho. Os níveis de cortisol foram quantificados por meio de cinco índices: o cálculo da área sob a curva em relação ao zero ou base (AUCg), área sob a curva em relação ao aumento (AUCi), o aumento médio (MnInc), a excreção do cortisol no período pós acordar (AUCtrab) e a área sob a curva em relação ao zero ou base do ciclo diurno (AUCCD). Para avaliar a associação entre as covariáveis e exposição e desfecho utilizou-se os testes de Mann Whitney e Kruskall-Wallis. As covariáveis associadas à exposição ou ao desfecho com nível de significância de 20% (p≤0,20) foram testadas no modelo de regressão linear. Realizada análise de correlação utilizando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearmans. Como resultado encontrou-se que os trabalhadores de Enfermagem obtiveram médias para demanda psicológica e controle que tendem para o limite superior, bem como para a subtração, caracterizando alta demanda e alto controle, ou seja, trabalho ativo. O valor médio de cortisol observado ao acordar, 30 minutos após, 12h e 18h foi de 5,82 nmol/L) (4,86), 16,60 nmol/L ( 8,31), 7,49 nmol/L ( 6,97) e 3,93 nmol/L ( 3,15), respectivamente. O aumento do cortisol entre o acordar e 30 minutos após foi em média de 64%. Já para os índices de cortisol adotados observa-se o valor médio da MnInc, AUCg, AUCi, AUCtrab e AUCCD foi de 10,78 nmol/L (6,99), 5,61 nmol/L ( 2,92) 2,69 nmol/L ( 1,75), 32,51 nmol/L ( 21,99) e 107,99 nmol/L ( 61,63), respectivamente. Este estudo demonstrou que os níveis de cortisol salivar livre não estão associados à alta exigência no trabalho, mesmo quando ajustadas pelas possíveis variáveis de confusão ou modificadoras de efeito. A hipótese do estudo não foi confirmada. Os dados obtidos neste estudo revelaram aspectos importantes dos riscos psicossociais a que estão expostos os trabalhadores de Enfermagem durante o processo de trabalho, oferecendo subsídios para que sejam implementados programas de orientação e promoção à saúde do trabalhador e fornecem um contributo para entender os caminhos biológicos pelos quais o estresse no trabalho influencia a saúde.
The object of study was work stress and levels of salivary cortisol. The overall objective was to evaluate the association between work stress and salivary cortisol variations among nursing workers inserted in hospital care in Rio de Janeiro. The study hypothesis was that there is an association between workers exposed to high strain at work and changes in salivary cortisol. This is an observational epidemiological analytical sectional study held in state hospital located in Rio de Janeiro with a sample of 103 workers. For evaluation of psychosocial hazards at work, it was used the "Job Content Questionnaire". The salivary cortisol was measured by collecting 04 samples from each participant in a workday: at awakening, 30 minutes after, at 12 and 18 pm. Data collection was conducted between March and April 2012. We used SPSS 18.0 for data analysis. The psychological demand and control dimensions and subtraction were used as continuous variable in correlation analyzes with the outcome and covariates. Cortisol levels were quantified by five indices: calculating the area under the curve relative to zero or base (AUCg), area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCi), the mean increase (MnInc), excretion cortisol after waking period (AUCtrab) and area under the curve relative to zero or base diurnal cycle (AUCCD). To evaluate the association between exposure and outcome and covariates, we used the Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The covariates associated with exposure or outcome at a significance level of 20% (p ≤ 0.20) were tested in a linear regression model. Correlation analysis was done using the correlation coefficient of Spearman's. As a result it was found that the nursing staff had averages for psychological demand and control that tend to the upper limit, as well as for subtraction, featuring high demand and high control, that is active work. The mean cortisol observed upon awakening, 30 minutes after, 12 and 18 pm was 5.82 nmol / L) ( 4.86) 16.60 nmol / L ( 8.31) 7.49 nmol / L ( 6.97) and 3.93 nmol / L ( 3.15) respectively. Cortisol increase between waking and 30 minutes after averaged 64%. For the cortisols indices adopted the average to MnInc, AUCg, AUCi, and AUCtrab AUCCD was 10.78 nmol / L ( 6.99) 5.61 nmol / L ( 2.92) 2.69 nmol / L ( 1.75) 32.51 nmol / L ( 21.99) and 107.99 nmol / L ( 61.63) respectively. This study showed that levels of free salivary cortisol are not associated to high strain at work, even when adjusted for potential confounders or effect modifiers. The study hypothesis was not confirmed. The data obtained in this study revealed important aspects of psychosocial hazards that nursing staff are exposed during work process, offering subsidies to be implemented guidance programs and promotion health worker and provide a contribution to understanding the biological pathways by which work stress influences health.
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Ng, Zenithson Ying. "The effect of dog-human interaction on cortisol and behavior in registered animal-assisted activity dogs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50948.
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Background: The effect of animal-assisted activities (AAA) on the animal participants has been minimally investigated and the welfare of these animals has been questioned. Cortisol, in conjunction with stress-associated behavior, has been utilized as an objective assessment of animal welfare.Objective: Salivary cortisol and behavior in AAA dogs were measured to test the null hypothesis that salivary cortisol concentration and behavior are not different in an AAA environment compared to home or neutral environments. Hair cortisol was measured in AAA dogs to test the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between hair cortisol and salivary cortisol.
Methods: Fifteen healthy adult dogs registered with an AAA organization were recruited. A hair sample was collected from each dog upon enrollment. Saliva samples were collected from each dog every 30 minutes, starting 30 minutes prior to and 30 minutes after a standardized 60 minute session across 3 settings: an AAA session (AS) for college students in the communal area of a residence hall; a neutral session (NS) located in a novel room without interaction with a stranger; and a home session (HS). Each session was videotaped continuously and behaviors were coded at three separate 5-minute intervals while the dog was petted by a stranger in the AS or handler in the NS and HS.
Results: Salivary cortisol levels were not different in the AS compared to HS, but were significantly higher in the NS compared to AS and HS. Dogs exhibited significantly more standing and ambulating behavior in the AS compared to HS. Salivary cortisol level was negatively correlated with panting and standing at specific time points in the
NS and AS, respectively. Hair cortisol level did not correlate with salivary cortisol level at any time point in any of the settings.
Conclusions: During a 60 minute AAA session, salivary cortisol concentration and stress-associated behavior were not different compared to when dogs spent the same amount of time in the home setting, suggesting that they were not stressed when being used as AAA animals. The physical environment may be an important consideration when evaluating the effect of AAA on dogs. Hair cortisol did not correlate with salivary cortisol, suggesting that hair may not be a representative predictor of cortisol in these environments. Additional investigation is required to support cortisol and behavior as measures of stress and welfare in AAA animals.
Master of Science
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Rabbane, Md Golam. "Effects of egg enrichment with glucocorticoid hormone, antagonist and receptor messenger in the modulation of gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos with transgenerational follow up till adulthood." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423613.
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This study is relevant to the recent field of investigation on the genetic programming of embryo development by maternal glucocorticoid and its receptor messenger with lasting influences on subsequent life stages. This research has been undertaken with an articulate experimental design supported by an ample repertoire of biomolecular techniques, ranging from whole-genome microarray to relative and absolute qPCRs of glucocorticoid-dependent up- and down-regulated genes. I have found that cortisol enrichment of newly fertilized eggs by immersion in a solution of the steroid (13:M) for 2 h brings about significant up-regulation of 100 genes with no down-regulation at 5 h post-fertilization (hpf), when only maternal cortisol is available to the embryo. At 12 hpf, 143 genes were up-regulated and 6 down-regulated with only 30 genes in common with those at 5 hpf, indicating that substantial changes in responsiveness to maternal cortisol may occur at early developmental phases. At 24 hpf, responsiveness to cortisol was enlarged to hundreds of genes. Subsequently, I analyzed by relative qPCR seven target genes during development, observing a significant decrement of expression from 10 to 24 hpf of both vasp and plp1a genes, when ef1α was used as a calibration reference. Moreover, four genes that were up-regulated at 5 hpf (mat1a, notch2, parn and stmn2a), were no longer so at 20 hpf.
The work has been extended to the analysis of cortisol-induced changes in the expression of two target genes, igf-2a and casp8. It was demonstrated that the expression of igf-2a was significantly enhanced by egg microinjection with the zebrafish glucocorticoid receptor mRNA (z-gr mRNA), and more so by z-gr mRNA plus cortisol at 5 hpf and, to a lesser extent, at 10 hpf. This is of interest since igf-2a is considered as a major growth factor during embryogenesis. A stimulatory response was obtained also with casp8 at 5 hpf with both treatments, with a non-significant decrement at 10 hpf. Using absolute qPCR, I confirmed an expression enhancement of casp8 transcription by z-gr mRNA w/wo cortisol at 5 hpf, which was depressed by both the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 and the z-gr mRNA translation knockdown by morpholino. Surprisingly, at 10 hpf, the latter negative modulations were reversed. The complexity of glucocorticoid action on embryonic gene expression was highlighted also by absolute qPCR of another gene, mcm6, whose transcripts were significantly increased by both cortisol and RU486 when administered alone, but decreased when in combination with z-gr mRNA at both 5 and 10 hpf.
Further, I examined in details the effects of the above treatments on larval survival after hatching (3 days pf) and undertook a study on the influence of cortisol enrichment of fertilized eggs on fish growth till 180 days of age by comparing a lineage in which the treatment was repeated along four generations (F1-F4) with another lineage acting as an untreated control. Since both lineages were homozygous for different colour patterns, they could be co-cultured, thus eliminating any differential environmental influence. This experiment was intended to determine whether exposure of early embryos to cortisol exerts a permanent imprinting on subsequent body growth and to elucidate the transgenerational pattern of this epigenetic modulation. Through statistical analysis, I established greater growth in cortisol-treated F1 and F2 from 120 to 180 dpf in terms of length and body weight. But, in F3 and F4, the difference in length disappeared, while that in body weight was somehow reversed. This seems to suggest that the priming effect was compensated rather than intensified along generations, as if a sort of adaptation has occurred.Questo studio è rilevante dal momento che recenti ricerche si sono concentrate sul ruolo svolto dai glucocorticoidi di origine materna e dai messaggeri codificanti per il loro recettore nella programmazione genetica dello sviluppo embrionale, con particolare attenzione alle fasi di vita successive. Tale ricerca è stata effettuata seguendo un articolato disegno sperimentale supportato dall’utilizzo di molteplici tecniche biomolecolari, quali, ad esempio, il microarray e la real time PCR sia relativa che assoluta. E’stato dimostrato che l’arricchimento delle uova di zebrafish appena fecondate con cortisolo, mediante immersione per 2 ore in una soluzione 13:M dello steroide, provoca una significativa up-regolazione di 100 geni a 5 ore dopo la fecondazione (hpf), quando nell’embrione è presente solo il cortisolo di origine materna. Nessun gene è risultato invece down-regolato allo stesso stadio di sviluppo. A 12 hpf, 143 geni sono risultati up-regolati e 6 down-regolati, con solo 30 geni in comune con l’esperimento delle 5 hpf: questo indica che probabilmente nelle fasi precoci di sviluppo embrionale avvengono dei cambiamenti sostanziali nella risposta al cortisolo materno. A 24 hpf la risposta al cortisolo interessa centinaia di geni. Successivamente ho analizzato mediante real time PCR relativa sette geni bersaglio dei glucocorticoidi durante lo sviluppo, osservando una significativa diminuzione dell’espressione dalle 10 alle 24 hpf dei geni vasp e plp1a, con ef1α come “gene housekeeping”. Inoltre ho dimostrato che quattro geni, precedentemente risultati up-regolati a 5 hpf (mat1a, notch2, parn e stmn2a), non risultano più sovraespressi a 20 hpf. Successivamente ho esteso l’analisi anche ai cambiamenti indotti dal cortisolo sull’espressione dei geni target igf-2a e casp8. In particolare ho potuto dimostrare che l’espressione di igf-2a aumenta significativamente in seguito alla microiniezione delle uova con il messaggero codificante per il recettore dei glucocorticoidi di zebrafish (z-gr mRNA), e più ancora se alla microiniezione viene abbinato il trattamento con cortisolo. Questo è stato dimostrato a 5 hpf e, in misura minore, anche a 10 hpf. Questo dato è interessante dal momento che igf-2a viene considerato il principale fattore di crescita durante l’embriogenesi. Un aumento di espressione è stato ottenuto anche per il gene casp8 con entrambi i trattamenti a 5 hpf, mentre a 10 hpf c’è una diminuzione di espressione non significativa. Mediante real time PCR assoluta ho confermato l’aumento di trascrizione del gene casp8 a 5 hpf successivamente alla microiniezione con z-gr mRNA, indipendentemente dall’aggiunta di cortisolo; una diminuzione di espressione è stata invece ottenuta sia con l’utilizzo dell’antagonista dei glucocorticoidi RU486, sia dopo silenziamento del recettore tramite microiniezione con morfolino. Sorprendentemente, a 10 hpf, le modulazioni che erano risultate precedentemente negative hanno avuto un’inversione di tendenza. La complessità dell’azione dei glucocorticoidi sull’espressione genica durante lo sviluppo embrionale è stata messa in evidenza anche dall’esperimento di real time PCR assoluta per il gene mcm6, i cui trascritti sono risultati notevolmente aumentati sia dopo trattamento con cortisolo che con RU486, quando questi reagenti sono stati utilizzati da soli; una diminuzione dei trascritti è stata invece osservata per entrambi i reagenti, sia a 5 hpf che a 10 hpf, quando sono stati impiegati contemporaneamente alla microiniezione con z-gr mRNA. Ho poi esaminato in dettaglio gli effetti di tutti i trattamenti descritti precedentemente sulla sopravvivenza delle larve dopo la schiusa (3 giorni pf) ed ho condotto uno studio sull’influenza dell’arricchimento con cortisolo sulla crescita dello zebrafish, effettuando misurazioni ad intervalli di tempo definiti, fino ai 180 giorni pf. L’analisi è stata fatta comparando una linea in cui il trattamento con cortisolo è stato ripetuto per quattro generazioni successive (F1- F4) con un’altra utilizzata come controllo non trattato. Poichè entrambe le linee erano omozigoti per differenti pattern di colorazione si è potuto anche allevarle assieme, eliminando ogni possibile influenza ambientale. Lo scopo dell’esperimento era determinare se l’esposizione dell’embrione al cortisolo, a stadi di sviluppo precoci, esercitasse un’influenza permanente sulla crescita ed inoltre spiegare il pattern transgenerazionale di tale modulazione epigenetica. Attraverso analisi statistica ho dimostrato che c’è una maggiore crescita nei trattati con cortisolo delle generazioni F1 e F2 dai 120 ai 180 giorni pf in termini di lunghezza e peso corporeo. Nelle generazioni F3 e F4 scompaiono le differenze di lunghezza rispetto ai controlli, mentre il peso corporeo risulta addirittura diminuito. Questi risultati sembrano suggerire che l’effetto iniziale del trattamento viene compensato, e non intensificato, nel corso delle generazioni, come se avvenisse una sorta di adattamento.