Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cortisol awakening response (CAR)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cortisol awakening response (CAR)'

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Published: 11 December 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cortisol awakening response (CAR)"

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Duan, Hongxia, Huihua Fang, Yuling Zhang, Xia Shi, and Liang Zhang. "Associations between cortisol awakening response and resting electroencephalograph asymmetry." PeerJ 7 (June 3, 2019): e7059. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7059.

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The cortisol awakening response (CAR), a rapid cortisol rise in the morning after awakening, has been proposed to provide energy to cope with daily demands and suggested to be associated with brain functions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry studies have implicated asymmetric cortical activation, especially in frontal cortex, in approach-withdrawal motivation. In this study, we examined the relationship between the CAR and lateralized cortical activity under rest in 55 university male students. Saliva samples were collected at 0, 15, 30 and 60 min after awakening on the two consecutive workdays. The lateralized cortical activity at frontocentral sites was examined by alpha asymmetry score. The results showed that a higher CAR was positively associated with alpha asymmetry score, which indicated that the higher CAR is linked with more left-sided cortical activity at frontocentral sites under resting state. This association still existed even after controlling psychological and sleep quality variables. These results suggested that appropriately mobilizing energy resource storage after awakening revealed as CAR might be associated with goal-directed approach tendencies before any eventual stressful situation, characteristic of more left than right resting-state frontocentral cortical activity.
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Grosser, L., C. Yates, J. Dorrian, R. Matthews, and S. Banks. "O033 Is Sleeping and Waking Important for the Cortisol Awakening Response?" Sleep Advances 4, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2023): A11—A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad035.033.

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Abstract Introduction The rapid rise in cortisol after waking is known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). However, as part of its normal circadian rhythm cortisol also rises in the morning independent of awakening. If CAR is a direct response to awakening, it should be eliminated in conditions of sleep deprivation (SD). Given that an atypical CAR is associated with several psychiatric and medical disorders, understanding the factors that influence CAR is of clinical relevance. This study explored cortisol during the normal waking period prior, during, and post-SD. Methods N=21 (11F 22.80±4.40y) completed 62h of SD in the laboratory. Salivary cortisol was collected across 5-time-points (07:00h, 07:15h, 07:30h, and 07:45h) on 2-pre-at-home-study days, 4-in-lab-study days, and 2-post-at-home-study days. Mixed-effects ANOVAs tested for fixed effects of day, time, and their interactions on cortisol, and cortisol area under the curve (AUCi, AUCg). Results SD produced significant effects of time*day (p<0.001). Cortisol levels at +30 and +45min post-awakening were lower on SD days. Cortisol levels on awakening (0mins) did not differ between any study days. There were significant effects of day (p<0.001). AUCi and AUCg were greater on in-laboratory-baseline and recovery days compared to other study days. Discussion This study found CAR is not present during periods of SD when there is no ‘waking’ from sleep. It showed for the first time that CAR recovers to baseline levels following recovery sleep. While the role of the CAR remains unclear this study identified factors that future research should consider to advance understanding of its purpose.
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McGinnis, Ellen W., Nestor Lopez-Duran, Cecilia Martinez-Torteya, James L. Abelson, and Maria Muzik. "Cortisol awakening response and internalizing symptoms across childhood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 4 (June 19, 2015): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415590185.

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Efforts to identify biological correlates of internalizing symptoms in childhood have involved examinations of HPA-axis functioning, namely Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). However, research has not assessed the relationship between CAR and internalizing problems among children younger than 8 years. Findings with older samples have been somewhat equivocal, perhaps due to high rates of co-occurring externalizing symptoms during childhood and/or due to age-related differences. This cross-sectional study examined CAR in an at-risk sample of children aged 22 months to 8 years at various levels of risk for internalizing symptoms. Internalizing symptoms were associated with blunted CAR, but only after controlling for externalizing problems. The relationship between CAR and internalizing symptoms disappeared with age. Results demonstrate that a negative association between CAR and internalizing exists during early childhood and illustrate the importance of accounting for comorbid externalizing disorders and developmental stage when assessing the HPA-internalizing link.
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Dembinska, E., K. Rutkowski, J. Sobanski, K. Cyranka, M. Mielimaka, and A. Citkowska-Kisielewska. "The cortisol awakening response in anxiety disorders and personality disorders and changes in salivary cortisol level after psychotherapy." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.340.

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IntroductionThe hypothalamus—pituitary—adrenal axis (HPA axis) dysregulation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Salivary cortisol level is a useful indicator of HPA axis dysfunction.ObjectivesMost data suggests elevated cortisol awakening response (CAR) in anxiety disorders, but there are studies indicating opposite pattern (flat CAR).AimGoal of this study was to determine whether patients with anxiety and personality disorders show a specific daily cortisol patterns and weather this pattern changes after 12 weeks of intensive predominantly psychodynamic combined group and individual psychotherapy.MethodThe studied population comprised 77 patients, mainly females (72.7%), with primary diagnosis of anxiety disorder 40.9% or personality disorder 59.1%. The Symptom Checklist “0” was used to assess the pre- and post-treatment levels of patients’ symptoms. Pre- and post-treatment cortisol levels were measured in three saliva samples collected during one day (at awakening, 30 min after awakening, at 22.00).ResultsThe obtained results were partly similar to previous research. We found four different daily CAR patterns: decreased (drop 30 min after awakening), flat (rise 0–49% 30 min after awakening), normal (rise 50–75% 30 min after awakening) and elevated (rise over 75% 30 min after awakening), two of them (flat and elevated) were considered as typical for anxiety disorders. Groups of CAR pattern differed significantly in the level of sleep symptoms, dysthymia symptoms and avoidance/dependency symptoms. The changes in the CAR pattern after psychotherapy were not significant.ConclusionsAnxiety disorders and personality disorders are characterized by more than two specific daily salivary cortisol patterns.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Anderson, Travis, Laurie Wideman, Flavio A. Cadegiani, and Claudio E. Kater. "Effects of Overtraining Status on the Cortisol Awakening Response—Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS-CAR)." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0205.

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The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct component of the circadian cortisol profile and has promise as a biomarker for the monitoring of athlete readiness and training status. Although some studies have suggested the CAR may be affected by the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS), this has yet to be systematically investigated. Purpose: To compare the CAR and diurnal cortisol slope between athletes diagnosed with OTS, healthy athletes, and sedentary controls. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining study. Male participants were recruited to either OTS, healthy athlete, or sedentary control groups. The participants produced saliva samples immediately after waking (S1), 30 minutes after waking (S2), at 16:00 hours, and at 23:00 hours. Salivary cortisol concentration was determined by an electrochemiluminescence assay. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the conditional effect of group (sedentary controls, OTS, and healthy athletes) on the change in cortisol over time. Separate models were fit for the awakening samples (S1 and S2) and for the diurnal slope (linear change across S1, 16:00 h, and 23:00 h). Results: The models demonstrated significant time-by-group interaction for OTS for the 2 cortisol concentrations collected during the awakening period (β = −9.33, P < .001), but not for the diurnal cortisol slope (β = 0.02, P = .80). Conclusions: These results suggest the CAR may be associated with OTS and should be considered within a panel of biomarkers. Further research is necessary to determine whether alterations in the CAR may precede the diagnosis of OTS.
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Kontou, Thomas G., Gregory D. Roach, and Charli Sargent. "Mild to Moderate Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect the Cortisol Awakening Response in Healthy Adult Males." Clocks & Sleep 4, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 722–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040054.

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The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct rise in cortisol that occurs upon awakening that is thought to contribute to arousal, energy boosting, and anticipation. There is some evidence to suggest that inadequate sleep may alter the CAR, but the relationship between sleep duration and CAR has not been systematically examined. Healthy males (n = 111; age: 23.0 ± 3.6 yrs) spent 10 consecutive days/nights in a sleep laboratory. After a baseline night (9 h time in bed), participants spent either 5 h (n = 19), 6 h (n = 23), 7 h (n = 16), 8 h (n = 27), or 9 h (n = 26) in bed for seven nights, followed by a 9 h recovery sleep. The saliva samples for cortisol assay were collected at 08:00 h, 08:30 h and 08:45 h at baseline, on experimental days 2 and 5 and on the recovery day. The primary dependent variables were the cortisol concentration at awakening (08:00 h) and the cortisol area under the curve (AUC). There was no effect of time in bed on either the cortisol concentration at awakening or cortisol AUC. In all the time in bed conditions, the cortisol AUC tended to be higher at baseline and lower on experimental day 5. Five consecutive nights of mild to moderate sleep restriction does not appear to affect the CAR in healthy male adults.
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Nagarajan, P., D. Nguyen, C. Dunbar, B. Lechat, T. Liebich, B. Zajamsek, K. Hansen, et al. "P013 The Effect of Noise Exposure during Sleep on the Cortisol Awakening Response." Sleep Advances 4, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2023): A38—A39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad035.098.

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Abstract Introduction Environmental noise could negatively impact the sleep and well-being of nearby residents. This study tested for overnight noise exposure effects on the cortisol awakening response (CAR), a potential marker of noise-related stress responses, and for differences in CAR and hair cortisol between different prior noise exposure groups. Methods A randomised controlled laboratory trial was conducted in 68 individuals from four groups; including WFN-exposed residents n=14 with and n=18 without WFN-related complaints, n=18 quiet rural control and n=18 urban traffic-noise exposed residents. Across six nights, after an initial adaptation night, participants were exposed in random order to different noise conditions, which included intermittent WFN and road traffic noise (RTN), WFN at average exposure levels throughout wake, sleep or both and a quiet control night. Salivary CAR responses were evaluated from 5 serial saliva samples collected following awakening. Hair cortisol levels were also collected. Mixed effects models were used to examine group and night effects on CAR and group effects on hair cortisol. Results There was a significant main effect of condition on CAR (p=0.038), but no significant pairwise differences between the control night and noise exposure nights, and no further differences between nights or groups on CAR or hair cortisol concentrations. Conclusions Acute in-laboratory noise-related sleep disturbance at the levels used in this study do not appear to alter acute cortisol awakening responses. A better understanding of chronic noise exposure effects and stress responses is important to help clarify and mitigate potential environmental noise exposure effects on nearby residents.
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Kwon, Oh Jeong, Munsoo Kim, Ho Sub Lee, Kang-keyng Sung, and Sangkwan Lee. "The Cortisol Awakening Response in Patients with Poststroke Depression Is Blunted and Negatively Correlated with Depressive Mood." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709230.

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It is important to reduce poststroke depression (PSD) to improve the stroke outcomes and quality of life in stroke patients, but the underlying mechanisms of PSD are not completely understood. As many studies implicate dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the etiology of major depression and stroke, we compared the cortisol awakening response (CAR) of 28 admitted PSD patients with that of 23 age-matched caregiver controls. Saliva samples for cortisol measurement were collected immediately, 15, 30, and 45 min after awakening for two consecutive days. Depressive mood status in PSD patients was determined with Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Salivary cortisol levels of PSD patients did not rise significantly at any sampling time, showing a somewhat flat curve. Caregiver controls showed significantly higher CAR at 15 and 30 min after awakening compared to PSD patients even though the two groups did not differ at awakening or 45 min after awakening. Area-under-the-curve analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the CAR and the degree of depression in PSD patients. Thus, our findings suggest that poststroke depression is closely related with dysfunctional HPA axis indicated by blunted CAR.
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Sariñana-González, Patricia, Sara Vitoria-Estruch, Ángel Romero-Martínez, and Luis Moya-Albiol. "Aggression predicts Cortisol Awakening Response in healthy young adults." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 3 (September 16, 2015): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.177641.

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Few studies have examined therelationship between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and aggression inhealthy youth adults. This study analyzes this relationship in 83 women (38 inluteal phase and 45 in follicular phase of menstrual cycle) and 20 men.Salivary-free cortisol measures of the CAR were obtained immediately followingawakening and 30, 45, and 60 minutes afterwards. Additionally, participantscompleted a self-report of aggression. Men presented lower levels of CAR thanwomen in luteal phase. Men were also liable to present more physical aggressionthan women, independently of their menstrual phase. General aggression andspecifically verbal aggression are predictors of CAR in men. In women, verbalaggression predicts CAR during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle;whereas anger and physical aggression do so during the luteal phase. CAR may beused as a valid marker of proneness to aggression – but must be considered differentlydepending on gender and menstrual cycle of women. This study offers relevantinformation on the hormonal bases of aggression and so contributes to theliterature on alleviating problems related to violence.
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Blanco, Ignacio Roura, Anastasi Kosmadopoulos, and Diane Boivin. "017 The Circadian Variation of the Cortisol Awakening Response." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A8—A9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.016.

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Abstract Introduction The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) is a rapid increase in cortisol levels at awakening that lasts for about 1 hour. This secretory phenomenon has been proposed to be independent of circadian cortisol regulation. However, the contribution of the circadian system to the CAR remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the circadian variation of the CAR. Methods A total of eleven healthy participants (1 woman; 22.6 ± 3.4 years old) were enrolled. Following an 8-h baseline sleep period aligned to their habitual sleep times, participants underwent a 72-h ultradian sleep-wake cycle procedure (USW) consisting of 60-min wake periods in dim light (&lt;10 lux) alternating with 60-min nap opportunities in total darkness. Participants remained in a semi-recumbent posture during the procedure. Salivary cortisol samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, and 50 minutes after waking up from each nap. Linear mixed-effects regression analyses were performed on log-transformed cortisol data from wake periods corresponding to the habitual bedtime (biological night) and habitual wake-time (biological morning). These served as proxies of circadian phases characterised by lowest and maximal cortisol secretory activity, respectively. Total cortisol secretion and CAR magnitude during these periods were computed, respectively, as the Area Under the Curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and to increase (AUCi) and compared with paired-samples t-tests. Results Significant main effects of wake period (p&lt;.001) and sample time (p=.023) were found, with no interaction (p=.167). Cortisol levels were higher in the biological morning compared to the biological night and increased with elapsed time awake. The total amount of cortisol secreted (AUCg) after waking in the biological morning was significantly greater than during the biological night (p&lt;.001). No significant differences between circadian phases were found in the AUCi (p=.223). Conclusion Our study suggests that some features of the CAR may at least partially be under circadian control. These findings are relevant for the understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying circadian misalignment in shift workers and patients with severe sleep disorders. Support (if any) Project funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. I.R.B received a Barrie Foundation Fellowship. A.K. received a Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec postdoctoral fellowship.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cortisol awakening response (CAR)"

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Helleman, Amanda. "The Cortisol Awakening Response In Children and Adolescents with a Parental History of Anxiety." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34402.

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Objective: The current study used a high risk design to investigate whether the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) is a potential heritable trait marker of anxiety disorder risk. Method: The sample consisted of 274 healthy offspring (7-18 years old) including 101 offspring with a parental history of panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or social anxiety disorder (SAD) and 173 offspring with no parental psychopathology. Salivary cortisol was collected at wake-up, 30, and 60 minutes later, as well as at 4pm and 8pm on two consecutive days. The CAR was calculated using area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and increase (AUCi). Correlation analyses of covariates were conducted. Results: No differences between high and low risk groups were detected when the combined sample of high risk offspring was examined. However, when anxiety disorder subtypes were considered, offspring with parental GAD or SAD had a significantly lower CAR and diurnal cortisol response than those with no parental psychopathology. No differences in the CAR or diurnal cortisol were found in offspring with parental PD. Age and puberty status correlated negatively with AUCg and awakening values and anxiety sensitivity correlated positively with AUCg and awakening values. Conclusions: A blunted CAR and diurnal cortisol response may represent a possible heritable risk marker that is specific to GAD or SAD. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. Study results may have important implications in identifying children at risk for anxiety disorders and creating early interventions intended to change the trajectory of risk.
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Pira, Shamira. "The association between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and neurocognitive impairments in first episode psychosis patients and ultra high-risk individuals." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116933.

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Background: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed in psychotic disorders. Abnormal levels of the HPA axis hormone, cortisol, are associated with various cognitive processes and cognitive deficits are a key feature of psychosis. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been shown to be abnormal in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients but has not been explored in individuals at ultra high-risk (UHR) for developing psychosis. Objectives: The objectives of the following set of studies were to examine the relationship between the CAR and cognitive function in FEP patients and in UHR individuals. In addition, based on established sex differences in both HPA axis activity and psychosis, the effect of sex on this relationship was also explored. Methods: Eighty-two FEP patients, 28 individuals at UHR for psychosis, and 31 community controls were recruited to participate in the two studies. Saliva samples were collected to assess the CAR and a neuropsychological battery was administered to determine performance on six cognitive domains. From these, a global cognition score was also calculated. Results: FEP patients, but not UHR individuals, had a blunted CAR compared to controls and male FEP patients had a more blunted CAR than female FEP patients. A more blunted CAR was associated with a more severe deficit in verbal memory and a lower global cognition score only in female FEP patients. Conclusion: The results suggest that although UHR individuals show deficits in certain cognitive domains, the CAR remains in tact, and there is no association between the two. However, a blunted CAR plays a role in cognitive function for female FEP patients. This may have implications for time and gender specific interventions aimed at stabilizing HPA axis activity.
Contexte: La dérégulation de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien (HHS) a été observée dans les troubles psychotiques. Des niveaux anormaux de cortisol, une des hormones de l'axe HHS, sont associés à divers processus cognitifs et les déficits cognitifs sont un élément clé de la psychose. Des études démontrent que la sécrétion de cortisol au réveil (SCR) est anormale dans le premier épisode psychotique (PEP) des patients, mais n'a pas été explorée chez les personnes à très haut risque (THR) de déveloper une épisode de psychose. Objectifs: Les objectifs de ces diverses études étaient d'examiner la relation entre la SCR et la fonction cognitive chez les patients PEP et chez les personnes THR. En dépit des différences de sexe connues sur l'axe HPA et la psychose, l'effet du sexe sur cette relation n'a pas été étudié. Méthodes: Quatre-vingt-deux patients PEP, 28 individus à THR pour la psychose, et 31 contrôles communautaires ont été recrutés pour participer dans les deux études. Des échantillons de salive ont été prélevés pour évaluer la SCR et une batterie de tests neuropsychologiques a été administrée pour déterminer les performances sur six domaines cognitifs. De ceux-ci, un résultat cognitif global a également été calculé. Résultats: Les patients PEP, mais pas les individus THR, avaient une SCR atténuée par rapport aux témoins contrôles et les patients masculins PEP avait une SCR plus atténuée que les patients PEP féminin. Une SCR plus atténuée a été associée à un déficit plus sévère de la mémoire verbale et un résultat inférieur de la cognition globale uniquement chez les patients PEP féminins. Conclusion: Bien que les individus THR présentent des déficits dans certains domaines cognitifs, les résultats montrent que la SCR reste intacte et qu'il n'y a aucun lien entre les deux. Toutefois, une SCR atténuée joue un rôle dans la fonction cognitive chez les patients PEP féminins. Cela peut avoir des implications pour les interventions spécifiques au sexe et au temps visant à stabiliser l'activité de l'axe HHS.
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Koro, Catalin. "Mätningar av kortisolkoncentrationen i saliv under två perioder där stressfaktorn upplevs variera. : Analys av kortisolkoncentrationen och intraindividuell stabilitet inom cortisol awakening response (CAR)." Thesis, Halmstad University, Biological and Environmental Systems (BLESS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4694.

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Föreliggande studie syftar till att försöka utläsa skillnader mellan två olika perioder då den personliga stressfaktorn upplevs vara olika intensiv. Undersökningen syftar även till att studera huruvida den mänskliga kortisolutsöndringens diurnala upp - och ned gångar följer en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR (cortisol awakening responce). Detta skulle innebära ett upprepande mönster av kortisolkoncentrationens magnitud och mätvärde inom varje individ från dag till dag, vid uppvaknandet och 30 minuter efter.

Undersökningen har genomförts som en pilotstudie där en försökspersons kortisolkoncentration i saliv har mätts genom enzymkopplad immunabsorberande analys (ELISA). För att jämföra mätserierna inom de olika perioderna med varandra har även en variationsanalys av typen Analysis of variance (ANOVA) utförts med hjälp av programvaran SPSS. Då provernas mätvärde har analyserats och jämförts med varandra har ett resultat kunnat fastställas.

Eftersom utsöndringen av den individuella kortisolkoncentrationen lätt påverkas av omgivningsfaktorer användes endast en försöksperson, författaren, vilket underlättade en detaljerad analys där observation av påverkande faktorer lätt kunde tas med i beräkningen för att fastställa ett tillförlitligt resultat. Försökspersonen, kvinna 21 år, utförde 6 provtagningar under två perioder som upplevdes ha olika hög stressfaktor. Perioderna innehöll två arbetsdagar. Parallellt med provtagningen fördes noggranna dagboksanteckningar för att underlätta analyseringsarbetet.

Resultatet uppvisar en intraindividuell stabilitet av CAR hos försökspersonen. Studien visar även en skillnad mellan de två perioderna genom en högre procentuell ökning av CAR under den period då stressfaktorn upplevdes som mer intensiv.

Den tydliga skillnaden av kortisolkoncentrationens mätvärde mellan de olika dagarna indikerar även att livsstil, fysisk aktivitet och drömmar kan påverka utseendet av kortisolkoncentrationskurvans diurnala upp – och nedgångar.

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Schmidt, Anne-Marthe Karoline [Verfasser]. "Zur Prädiktion der Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) durch subjektive und objektive Schlafparameter bei depressiven Patienten und gesunden Kontrollen / Anne-Marthe Karoline Schmidt." Gieߟen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230476350/34.

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Kern, Simone, Ivonne Krause, Antje Horntrich, Katja Thomas, Julia Aderhold, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Cortisol Awakening Response Is Linked to Disease Course and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127110.

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Objectives: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under pharmacological stimulation which is associated with a series of methodological caveats. Knowledge of circadian cortisol patterns and cortisol awakening response (CAR) is still limited. Methods: A total of 77 MS patients (55 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)/22 secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)) as well as 34 healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. Diurnal cortisol release was assessed by repeated salivary cortisol sampling. Neurological disability was rated by the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were assessed by self-report measures. Results: RRMS but not SPMS patients differed in circadian cortisol release from HC subjects. Differences in cortisol release were restricted to CAR. Treated and treatment naïve RRMS patients did not differ in CAR. In a RRMS follow-up cohort (nine months follow-up), RRMS patients with EDSS progression (≥0.5) expressed a significantly greater CAR compared to HC subjects. RRMS patients with a stable EDSS did not differ from HC subjects. Neither depressive symptoms nor perceived stress ratings were associated with CAR in RRMS patients. In a step-wise regression analysis, EDSS at baseline and CAR were predictive of EDSS at follow-up (R2 = 67%) for RRMS patients. Conclusions: Circadian cortisol release, in particular CAR, shows a course specific pattern with most pronounced release in RRMS. There is also some evidence for greater CAR in RRMS patients with EDSS progression. As a consequence, CAR might be of predictive value in terms of neurological disability in RRMS patients. The possible role of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in MS pathogenesis is further discussed.
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Kern, Simone, Ivonne Krause, Antje Horntrich, Katja Thomas, Julia Aderhold, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Cortisol Awakening Response Is Linked to Disease Course and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis." Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27278.

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Objectives: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under pharmacological stimulation which is associated with a series of methodological caveats. Knowledge of circadian cortisol patterns and cortisol awakening response (CAR) is still limited. Methods: A total of 77 MS patients (55 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)/22 secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)) as well as 34 healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. Diurnal cortisol release was assessed by repeated salivary cortisol sampling. Neurological disability was rated by the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were assessed by self-report measures. Results: RRMS but not SPMS patients differed in circadian cortisol release from HC subjects. Differences in cortisol release were restricted to CAR. Treated and treatment naïve RRMS patients did not differ in CAR. In a RRMS follow-up cohort (nine months follow-up), RRMS patients with EDSS progression (≥0.5) expressed a significantly greater CAR compared to HC subjects. RRMS patients with a stable EDSS did not differ from HC subjects. Neither depressive symptoms nor perceived stress ratings were associated with CAR in RRMS patients. In a step-wise regression analysis, EDSS at baseline and CAR were predictive of EDSS at follow-up (R2 = 67%) for RRMS patients. Conclusions: Circadian cortisol release, in particular CAR, shows a course specific pattern with most pronounced release in RRMS. There is also some evidence for greater CAR in RRMS patients with EDSS progression. As a consequence, CAR might be of predictive value in terms of neurological disability in RRMS patients. The possible role of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in MS pathogenesis is further discussed.
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Thorn, Lisa. "The awakening cortisol response : methodological considerations and relationships with state and trait psychosocial variables." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441074.

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Stalder, Tobias. "The cortisol awakening response intra- individual associations with sleep-related and state psychosocial and anticipatory variables." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507839.

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Campbell, Thomas George. "Ambulatory physiological assessment : an ergonomic approach to the dynamic work environment and temporal variability in heart rate variability, blood pressure and the cortisol awakening response." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2014. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/452967.

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Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the psychophysiological response to the dynamic working environment within a cohort of higher education employees via ambulatory assessment of psychosocial and physiological measures. Methods: Data was collected from two observational studies. Study one employed a cross-sectional design to investigate relationships between work-related psychosocial hazard, work-time heart rate variability, blood pressure, and the cortisol awakening response. Consideration was given to occupation type and acute work-related demand. Study two, a single-subject case study, employed an experience sampling methodology to peform a 24 hour assessment over 21 days. Workload, affect and demand were sampled during working hours, while heart rate variability and physical activity were continually sampled (24 hours), with salivary cortisol, being sampled at 3 time points during the awakening period. This study also investigated some of the methodological issues associated with ambulatory assessment of both heart rate variability and the cortisol awakening response. Findings: Chronic work-related demand was found to be positively associated with sympathetic dominance of the autonomic nervous system. Acute work-related demand was associated with ambulatory heart rate variability during work time and evening time whilst the rise in salivary free cortisol over the immediate post awakening period varies according to acute anticipatory demand and prior day's workload. Substantial intra--individual variation in both the cortisol awakening response and ambulatory heart variability was found to occur across work-days. Work time activity levels accounted for little of the variation in ambulatory heart rate variability and blood pressure. The cortisol awakening response was associated with both heart rate variability and nocturnal movement in the latter stage of sleep. Conclusion: Attending to the psychophysiological response to work at the individual level by means of ambulatory assessment appears to provide a useful means of assessing the balance between employee and environment. This could have significant implications for work design, employee selection and targeting of workplace interventions.
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Hedborg, Kerstin. "Migraine and Stress : An Internet administered Multimodal Behavioral Treatment Intervention." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medicin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158079.

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Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder with high prevalence, the clinical manifestations of which are highly dependent on stress. The overall theme of the present thesis was to address aspects of stress in migraine. A multimodal behavioral treatment (MBT) program was developed specifically designed for migraine and focusing on stress as a trigger and an intervention was performed using this Internet-administered program. Migraine symptoms were followed via an Internet administered diary and questionnaires were answered at regular intervals during the 11-month study period. The thesis is based on four papers: In Paper I, life events and current stress, personality traits, and gender were studied cross-sectionally in 106 women and 44 men with migraine, who suffered at least two attacks a month at inclusion. Paper II describes a randomized controlled trial of the MBT program performed on 58 women and 25 men recruited from participants of the study described in Paper I. In the MBT study participants were randomized into one control group and two MBT groups, one of which received hand massage as part of the treatment. In Paper III, complete migraine drug use and changes in use and in drug efficacy during the MBT program were studied. In Paper IV, the salivary cortisol levels of MBT participants were evaluated as a biological stress marker. The MBT program proved effective in decreasing migraine headache; it was feasible and there was low attrition. Moreover, MBT resulted in decreased migraine drug use and increased drug efficacy, but had no discernible effects on salivary cortisol profiles. No effect of hand massage on migraine headache frequency was seen. Personality trait profiling revealed high scores for the neuroticism factor. Stress susceptibility was the single most aberrant personality trait and correlated highly with the reported level of current stress and with experienced negative life events. Gender differences included higher scores for women on trait anxiety, negative life events, depressive mood, anxiety, tension type headache, use of triptans, and efficacy of analgesics, whereas men displayed higher use of analgesics. In conclusion, the efficacy and low attrition associated with the present MBT program appears promising and timely with regard to the development of better and more accessible migraine treatment. Stress susceptibility, gender, negative life events and psychosomatic comorbidity are important factors to consider in relation to the care of persons with migraine.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cortisol awakening response (CAR)"

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Steptoe, A., and B. Serwinski. "Cortisol Awakening Response." In Stress: Concepts, Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior, 277–83. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800951-2.00034-0.

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Steptoe, A. "Cortisol Awakening Response." In Encyclopedia of Stress, 649–53. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00451-7.

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STEPTOE, A. "Cortisol Awakening Response." In Encyclopedia of Stress, 649–53. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012373947-6/00451-7.

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Clow, Angela, Frank Hucklebridge, and Lisa Thorn. "The Cortisol Awakening Response in Context." In International Review of Neurobiology, 153–75. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0074-7742(10)93007-9.

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Law, Robin, and Angela Clow. "Stress, the cortisol awakening response and cognitive function." In International Review of Neurobiology, 187–217. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2020.01.001.

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F. Chan, Jennifer, and Judith P. Andersen. "Physiological Stress Responses Associated with High-Risk Occupational Duties." In Occupational Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93943.

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Occupational stress is a pervasive problem that is relevant across the world. Stress, in combination with occupational hazards, may pose additive risks for health and wellbeing. This chapter discusses the influence of physical and psychosocial stressors on basal cortisol regulation as associated with higher-risk occupational duties among two subspecialties of police officers (frontline and special tactical unit officers). Results reveal significant differences in dysregulated cortisol awakening response associated with the higher risk duties among special tactical unit officers. In contrast, frontline officers with a lower objective occupational risk profiles report higher subjective stress levels. Dysregulated or maladaptive cortisol levels are associated with increased health risk. Thus, individuals working in high stress occupations with elevated cortisol profiles may be at increased risk of chronic health conditions. Results suggest that considering both objective physiological markers and subjective reports of stress are dually important aspects in designing interventions for police officers of differing subspecialties.
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Berk, Laura E. "Why Children Talk to Themselves." In Awakening Children's Minds. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195124859.003.0007.

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If you could become the shadow of a 2- to 8-year-old, furtively tagging along as the child goes about his or her daily activities, you would notice a curious form of language behavior—remarks in which the child seems to talk to himself or herself or to no one in particular. This speech-to-self occurs frequently. It can surface in virtually any of the child’s pursuits—during fantasy play, drawing and painting, building with blocks, tackling academic tasks, idly passing the time of day, and quieting down before naptime or nightly sleep. Researchers call this spontaneous, self-directed talk private speech. Unlike adults, who self-consciously talk to themselves only in solitary moments, young children freely use private speech in public. So at ease are preschool and primary-school children in speaking to themselves in front of others that on observing this behavior, many adults question its normalcy! “Confused,” “touched,” and “strange” are among the descriptors I have heard them apply to self-talking children, generalizing from “crazy people,” who not only speak aloud to fantasized audiences but also act improperly in a great many ways because they are indifferent to their social surroundings. To be sure, talking to oneself in the midst of a roomful of people is not acceptable in the adult social world. Yet all of us engage in private speech from time to time. And it is ubiquitous in early childhood. When children between the ages of 3 and 10 are observed in classrooms, private speech makes up as much as 20 percent to 60 percent of their language. Why do young children engage in it so frequently? To grasp the significance of private speech in the life of the child, let’s begin by looking at it in ourselves. When are you most likely to talk out loud to yourself? In response to this question, most adults say they engage in audible self-talk when they face cognitive, emotional, or social challenges. Here are some self-reports: • “At the end of a busy day, when I’m tired and distracted, I sometimes find myself looking for an important document, for my keys, or even for where I parked my car.
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Lu, Shaojia, Weijia Gao, Zhaoguo Wei, Weiwei Wu, Mei Liao, Yuqiang Ding, Zhijun Zhang, and Lingjiang Li. "Reduced Cingulate Gyrus Volume Associated with Enhanced Cortisol Awakening Response in Young Healthy Adults Reporting Childhood Trauma." In Holistic Perspectives on Trauma, 151–68. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18313-10.

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"Reduced Cingulate Gyrus Volume Associated with Enhanced Cortisol Awakening Response in Young Healthy Adults Reporting Childhood Trauma." In Holistic Perspectives on Trauma, 183–200. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18313-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cortisol awakening response (CAR)"

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Lai, Chuk-Ling Julian, and Kit-Ying Kitty Wan. "Trait Anxiety Accentuates the Cortisol Awakening Response." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163695.

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Richer, Robert, Arne Kuderle, Jana Dorr, Nicolas Rohleder, and Bjoern M. Eskofier. "Assessing the Influence of the Inner Clock on the Cortisol Awakening Response and Pre-Awakening Movement." In 2021 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bhi50953.2021.9508529.

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Schulze, S., S. Sommerlad, S. Haug, F. Louwen, and S. Oddo-Sommerfeld. "Cortisol awakening response during risk of preterm birth and associations with anxiety." In 62. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – DGGG'18. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671452.

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Wu, Wei-Te, Wei-Jin Li, Hui-Yi Liao, and Saou-Hsing Liou. "0015 The significance and application of salivary biomarkers of stress, cortisol awakening response, in occupational psychology." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.7.

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Jan, Zala, Christian Gostečnik, and Veronika Kralj-Iglič. "Adverse Human Health Outcomes Associated with Psychologi-cal Trauma: A review." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d7.

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Until 30 years ago it was believed that psychological stress increases cortisol secretion, but later stud-ies gave contradictory results. Decrease in cortisol levels in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reflects a nonnormative and inadequate response to severe stressors, with its pathophysiology in-volving maladaptation or dysfunction in stress-regulatory systems. To have more insights in re-sponse of human body to physiological stress, inflammatory signals, oxidative stress parameters and other health parameters were measured. As for the cortisol level results, also inflammatory signals, including proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), have been reported to increase and decrease in PTSD. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and CRP were reported higher and lower in blood samples of individuals with PTSD. Some studies report that dysregulation of the stress axis could have direct effects on brain regions responsible for the regulation of fear and anxiety (such as the prefrontal cortex, insula, amygdala, and hippocampus). Early-life stress, such as child-hood adversity (abuse, neglect, or family disfunction), is a potent risk factor for developing PTSD in response to later trauma, and elevated peripheral markers of inflammation are one of the best-repli-cated findings in children and adults with early-life stress. Those who develop PTSD may have an inability or failure to activate an innate immune response. PTSD can also result in other adverse outcomes, such as heightened oxidative stress (OXS), eating disorders, metabolic disorder, and car-diovascular disease (CVD). Since the results are very contradictory for PTSD and inflammation re-sponse of the human body, further research is important. Small cellular particles that can be isolated from body fluids present potential biomarkers of the clinical status and will be considered in plan-ning the future research. This contribution presents perspectives in assessment of psychological stress by objective parameters. Keywords: Cortisol; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Inflammatory response; Oxidative stress; Cyto-kines; Eating disorders; Metabolic disorder; Cardiovascular disease; Small cellular particles as stress markers, Extracellular vesicles as stress markers
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