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Journal articles on the topic 'Cortical Morphometry'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lai, Kuan-Lin, David M. Niddam, Jong-Ling Fuh, Wei-Ta Chen, Jaw-Ching Wu, and Shuu-Jiun Wang. "Cortical morphological changes in chronic migraine in a Taiwanese cohort: Surface- and voxel-based analyses." Cephalalgia 40, no. 6 (April 16, 2020): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420920005.

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Background Previous voxel- or surface-based morphometric analysis studies have revealed alterations in cortical structure in patients with chronic migraine, yet with inconsistent results. The discrepancies may be derived partly from the sample heterogeneity. Employing both methods in a clinically homogenous group may provide a clearer view. Methods Structural MRI data from 30 prevention-naïve patients with chronic migraine without medication overuse headache or a history of major depression and 30 healthy controls were analyzed. Vertex-wise (surface-based) or voxel-wise (voxel-based) linear models were applied, after controlling for age and gender, to investigate between-group differences. Averaged cortical thicknesses and volumes from regions showing group differences were correlated with parameters related to clinical profiles. Results Surface-based morphometry showed significantly thinner cortices in the bilateral insular cortex, caudal middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and parietal lobes in patients with chronic migraine relative to healthy controls. Additionally, the number of migraine days in the month preceding MRI examination was correlated negatively with right insular cortical thickness. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) did not show any group differences or clinical correlations. Conclusion Patients with chronic migraine without medication overuse headache, major depression, or prior preventive treatment had reduced cortical thickness in regions within the pain-processing network. Compared to voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry analysis may be more sensitive to subtle structural differences between healthy controls and patients with chronic migraine.
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SCHAER, MARIE, ROSITSA PORYAZOVA, SOPHIE SCHWARTZ, CLAUDIO L. BASSETTI, and CHRISTIAN R. BAUMANN. "Cortical morphometry in narcolepsy with cataplexy." Journal of Sleep Research 21, no. 5 (February 6, 2012): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01000.x.

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Murray, Robert D., Judith E. Adams, and Stephen M. Shalet. "A Densitometric and Morphometric Analysis of the Skeleton in Adults with Varying Degrees of Growth Hormone Deficiency." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0897.

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Context: Low bone mass is a characteristic feature of the adult GH deficiency (GHD) syndrome, but recent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) studies in patients with GH-receptor and GHRH-receptor gene mutations suggest that the situation is more complex. Objective: The objective was to define bone areal and volumetric densities and morphometry in hypopituitary adults. Design: The study was a cross-sectional case-controlled study performed between 1999 and 2001. Setting: The study was undertaken at an endocrine tertiary referral center. Patients: Thirty patients with GHD, 24 with GH insufficiency (GHI) [peak GH, 3–7 μg/liter (9–21 mU/liter)], and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were included for study. Main Outcome Measures: DXA and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) derived bone density and morphometry were measured. Results: No densitometric or morphometric abnormalities were detected in GHD patients who acquired their deficiency during adult life. GHD adults of childhood-onset (CO-GHD) showed decreased bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip on DXA. pQCT of the radius showed that CO-GHD patients have normal trabecular bone mineral density and only a 2% decrease in cortical density. Radial bone area was reduced 14.5%, cortical thickness 20%, and cortical cross-sectional area 23%, culminating in a reduction in cortical bone of 25%. The “apparent” low DXA bone density in CO-GHD adults therefore relates primarily to reduced cortical thickness and smaller bone area. DXA and pQCT data derived from adults with GHI revealed no evidence of densitometric or morphometric abnormalities. Conclusions: 1) Adult-onset GHD patients have normal bone density and size. 2) CO-GHD adults have marginally reduced cortical density but significantly reduced cortical bone as a result of reduced cortical thickness and bone size. 3) GHI has no measurable impact on the skeleton.
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Ino-Kondo, Airi, Hitoshi Hotokezaka, Takanobu Kondo, Keira Arizono, Megumi Hashimoto, Yuka Hotokezaka, Takeshi Kurohama, Yukiko Morita, and Noriaki Yoshida. "Lithium chloride reduces orthodontically induced root resorption and affects tooth root movement in rats." Angle Orthodontist 88, no. 4 (April 2, 2018): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/112017-801.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the influence of lithium chloride (LiCl) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR), and bone morphometry. Materials and Methods: Ten-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups based on the concentration of LiCl administered daily per kilogram body weight: 0 (control group), 0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 mM/kg body weight. The maxillary left first molars were moved mesially by a 10 cN coil spring for 14 days. Micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscope, and scanning laser microscope images were taken to measure the amount of OTM, the volume of OIRR, and bone morphometry. Results: OIRR clearly decreased depending on the amount of LiCl administered, although OTM moderately decreased. The tooth inclined mesially and the root apex moved distally in the control and 0.32 mM groups. On the other hand, the tooth inclination angle became smaller and the root apex moved mesially in the 0.64 and 1.28 mM groups. In bone morphometry, the cortical bone mineral content and bone volume increased because of LiCl administration, and the trabecular bone measurements decreased. OIRR negatively correlated to the cortical bone measurements, and the amount of OTM significantly correlated to the cortical bone morphometry. Conclusions: In rats, LiCl reduced OIRR, which induced mesial movement of the tooth root apex. OIRR positively correlated to cortical bone morphometry.
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Shevchenko, A. M., E. L. Pogosbekyan, A. I. Batalov, E. I. Shultz, A. N. Tyurina, L. M. Fadeeva, M. V. Shevchenko, et al. "Automatic Algorithm of Magnetic Resonance Morphometry in the Diagnosis of Focal Cortical Dysplasia." Radiology - Practice, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52560/2713-0118-2022-1-63-76.

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The purpose of the study — to create an original algorithm of MR-morphometry for identifying FCD zones. Based on the use of the ANTs and FSL programs, an algorithm for MR morphometry was developed. It was used to generate maps of the z-index of the blur of the transition of gray and white matter and the thickness of the crust (Junction and thickness maps).An algorithm for automatic detection of focal cortical dysplasia zones has been developed. The MRI morphometry method is a promising technique for additional assessment of pathological changes in focal cortical dysplasia.
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Lehmann, Manja, Sebastian J. Crutch, Gerard R. Ridgway, Sebastien Ourselin, Josephine Barnes, Martin N. Rossor, and Nick C. Fox. "P2-034: Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in posterior cortical atrophy." Alzheimer's & Dementia 5, no. 4S_Part_9 (July 2009): P271—P272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.343.

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7

Bashirova, A. R., D. V. Sundukov, A. S. Babkina, M. A. Golubev, and I. N. Telipov. "Morphometry of Cortical Neurons in Acute Clozapine and Ethanol Poisoning." General Reanimatology 16, no. 6 (January 3, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2020-6-19-30.

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The aim of the study is to summarize the histology and morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning.Material and methods. Histological examination of the parietal cortical brain samples of 26 patients died during the Day 1 of acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning (23 males and 3 females aged 22-63 years) was performed. The blood ethanol level was 1.4-4.1%o. The level of clozapine in the blood ranged between 0.24 and 5.8 mg%, in the liver between 0.097 and 6.5 mg%, in kidneys between 0.03 and 3.5 mg%. The cortical samples for morphometric examination were placed in 10% neutral paraformaldehyde, the histological sections were done and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as according to Niessl. The morphological analysis was performed using the video light microscopy. The number of damaged neurons (with separate quantification of reversible, intermediate, and irreversible damage) was assessed. The statistical analysis was done using the non-parametric methods.Results. The signs of brain neuronal damage in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning, as well as forensic chemical tests, might be used for establishing the direct cause of death.
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Bashirova, A. R., D. V. Sundukov, A. S. Babkina, M. A. Golubev, and I. N. Telipov. "Morphometry of Cortical Neurons in Acute Clozapine and Ethanol Poisoning." General Reanimatology 16, no. 6 (January 3, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2020-6-19-30.

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The aim of the study is to summarize the histology and morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning.Material and methods. Histological examination of the parietal cortical brain samples of 26 patients died during the Day 1 of acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning (23 males and 3 females aged 22-63 years) was performed. The blood ethanol level was 1.4-4.1%o. The level of clozapine in the blood ranged between 0.24 and 5.8 mg%, in the liver between 0.097 and 6.5 mg%, in kidneys between 0.03 and 3.5 mg%. The cortical samples for morphometric examination were placed in 10% neutral paraformaldehyde, the histological sections were done and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as according to Niessl. The morphological analysis was performed using the video light microscopy. The number of damaged neurons (with separate quantification of reversible, intermediate, and irreversible damage) was assessed. The statistical analysis was done using the non-parametric methods.Results. The signs of brain neuronal damage in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning, as well as forensic chemical tests, might be used for establishing the direct cause of death.
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Lu, Hanna, Suk Ling Ma, Sandra Sau Man Chan, and Linda Chiu Wa Lam. "The effects of apolipoproteinε4 on aging brain in cognitively normal Chinese elderly: a surface-based morphometry study." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 9 (April 21, 2016): 1503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216000624.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Default mode network (DMN) has been reported to be susceptible to APOEε4 genotype. However, the APOEε4-related brain changes in young carriers are different from the ones in elderly carriers. The current study aimed to evaluate the cortical morphometry of DMN subregions in cognitively normal elderly with APOEε4.Method:11 cognitively normal senior APOEε4 carriers and 27 matched healthy controls (HC) participated the neuropsychological tests, genotyping, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to assess the global volumetric changes. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis was performed to measure regional gray matter volume (GMV) and gray matter thickness (GMT).Results:Advancing age was associated with decreased GMV of DMN subregions. Compared to HC, APOEε4 carriers presented cortical atrophy in right cingulate gyrus (R_CG) (GMV: APOE carriers: 8475.23 ± 1940.73 mm3, HC: 9727.34 ± 1311.57 mm3,t= 2.314,p= 0.026, corrected) and left insular (GMT: APOEε4 carriers: 3.83 ± 0.37 mm, HC: 4.05 ± 0.25 mm,t= 2.197,p= 0.033, corrected).Conclusions:Our results highlight the difference between different cortical measures and suggest that the cortical reduction of CG and insular maybe a potential neuroimaging marker for APOE 4εsenior carriers, even in the context of relatively intact cognition.
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Wang, Y., X. Gu, T. F. Chan, A. W. Toga, and P. M. Thompson. "Multivariate Statistics of Tensor-Based Cortical Surface Morphometry." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70850-x.

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Schmitt, J. Eric, Simon Vandekar, James Yi, Monica E. Calkins, Kosha Ruparel, David R. Roalf, Daneen Whinna, et al. "Aberrant Cortical Morphometry in the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome." Biological Psychiatry 78, no. 2 (July 2015): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.025.

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12

Gutiérrez-Galve, Leticia, Stefania Bruno, Claudia A. M. Wheeler-Kingshott, Mary Summers, Lisa Cipolotti, and Maria A. Ron. "IQ and the Fronto-temporal Cortex in Bipolar Disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 2 (January 23, 2012): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617711001706.

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AbstractCognitive changes are documented in bipolar disorder (BP). Cortical volume loss, especially in prefrontal regions, has also been reported, but associations between cognition and cortical abnormalities have not been fully documented. This study explores associations between cognitive performance and cortical parameters (area, thickness and volume) of the fronto-temporal cortex in 36 BP patients (25 BPI and 11 BPII). T1-weighted volumetric MRI images were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Cortical parameters were measured using surface-based morphometry and their associations with estimated premorbid, current IQ, visual memory, and executive function explored. Premorbid IQ was associated with frontal cortical area and volume, but no such associations were present for current cognitive performance. Cortical parameters were not different in BPI and BPII patients, but the association between current IQ and temporal cortical area was stronger in BPII patients. The pattern of cortico-cognitive associations in BPI and BPII patients merits further consideration. (JINS, 2012, 18, 370–374)
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Li, Huiru, Huawei Zhang, Li Yin, Feifei Zhang, Ziqi Chen, Taolin Chen, Zhiyun Jia, and Qiyong Gong. "Altered cortical morphology in major depression disorder patients with suicidality." Psychoradiology 1, no. 1 (March 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkaa002.

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Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with high risk of suicide, but the biological underpinnings of suicidality in MDD patients are far from conclusive. Previous neuroimaging studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated that depressed individuals with suicidal thoughts or behaviors exhibit specific cortical structure alterations. To complement VBM findings, surface-based morphometry (SBM) can provide more details into gray matter structure, including the cortical complexity, cortical thickness and sulcal depth for brain images. Objective This study aims to use SBM to investigate cortical morphology alterations to obtain evidence for neuroanatomical alterations in depressed patients with suicidality. Methods Here, 3D T1-weighted MR images of brain from 39 healthy controls, 40 depressed patients without suicidality (patient controls), and 39 with suicidality (suicidal groups) were analyzed based on SBM to estimate the fractal dimension, gyrification index, sulcal depth, and cortical thickness using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox. Correlation analyses were performed between clinical data and cortical surface measurements from patients. Results Surface-based morphometry showed decreased sulcal depth in the parietal, frontal, limbic, occipital and temporal regions and decreased fractal dimension in the frontal regions in depressed patients with suicidality compared to both healthy and patient controls. Additionally, in patients with depression, the sulcal depth of the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Conclusions Depressed patients with suicidality had abnormal cortical morphology in some brain regions within the default mode network, frontolimbic circuitry and temporal regions. These structural deficits may be associated with the dysfunction of emotional processing and impulsivity control. This study provides insights into the underlying neurobiology of the suicidal brain.
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Lehmann, Manja, Sebastian J. Crutch, Gerard R. Ridgway, Sebastien Ourselin, Josephine Barnes, Martin N. Rossor, and Nick C. Fox. "IC-P-159: Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in posterior cortical atrophy." Alzheimer's & Dementia 5, no. 4S_Part_2 (July 2009): P63—P64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2009.05.132.

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Huppertz, Hans-Jürgen, Jan Kassubek, Freimut D. Juengling, and Andreas Schulze-Bonhage. "Detection of focal cortical dysplasia by voxel-based morphometry." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91499-5.

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Koolschijn, P. Cédric M. P., Neeltje E. M. van Haren, Hugo G. Schnack, Joost Janssen, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, and René S. Kahn. "Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in depressed elderly." European Neuropsychopharmacology 20, no. 6 (June 2010): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.02.010.

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Preul, C., G. Lohmann, M. Hund–Georgiadis, T. Guthke, and D. Y. von Cramon. "Morphometry demonstrates loss of cortical thickness in cerebral microangiopathy." Journal of Neurology 252, no. 4 (February 23, 2005): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0671-9.

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Datta, Ritobrato, John A. Detre, Geoffrey K. Aguirre, and Brett Cucchiara. "Absence of changes in cortical thickness in patients with migraine." Cephalalgia 31, no. 14 (September 12, 2011): 1452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411421025.

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Objective: Previous studies have reported gray matter alterations in patients with migraine, particularly thinning of the cingulate gyrus, and thickening of the somatosensory cortex (SSC) and visual motion processing areas (V3A/MT+). We attempted to replicate these findings in a larger patient population. Methods: Brain anatomy was collected with 3T MRI. Surface-based morphometry was used to segment each brain volume, reconstruct and inflate the cortical sheet, and estimate gray matter thickness. Results: Eighty-four age and sex-matched participants (28 migraine with aura, 28 migraine without aura, and 28 controls) were studied. No significant differences in somatosensory, cingulate gyrus, or V3A/MT+ cortical thickness were found between the groups, including analysis of specific subregions previously reported to be affected. Whole brain analysis found no regions of differential gray matter thickness between groups. A highly significant inverse correlation between age and whole brain and regional cortical thickness was identified. Power analyses indicate that even a small difference (∼0.07 to 0.14 mm) in cortical thickness could have been detected between groups given the sample size. Interpretation: Using highly sensitive surface-based morphometry, no differences in cortical thickness between patients with migraine and controls could be identified.
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Lehmann, Manja, Sebastian J. Crutch, Gerard R. Ridgway, Basil H. Ridha, Josephine Barnes, Elizabeth K. Warrington, Martin N. Rossor, and Nick C. Fox. "Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer's disease." Neurobiology of Aging 32, no. 8 (August 2011): 1466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.017.

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Pereira, Joana Braga, Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao, Maria-Jose Marti, Yaroslau Compta, Carme Junqué, Nuria Bargallo, and Eduardo Tolosa. "Assessment of cortical degeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease by voxel-based morphometry, cortical folding, and cortical thickness." Human Brain Mapping 33, no. 11 (September 6, 2011): 2521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21378.

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Tomyshev, A., M. Omelchenko, V. Kaleda, and I. Lebedeva. "A surface-based morphometry study of risk and resilience markers associated with supramarginal thickness in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1094.

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IntroductionConventional structural neuroimaging methods can identify changes in cortical thickness but cannot relate these changes to specific cortical layers due to a lack of sensitivity. However, several indirect measures sensitive to changes specifically occurring in supragranular cortical layers were developed recently (github.com/kwagstyl/schizophrenia_gyral_sulcal).ObjectivesThe aim was to assess the ability of these novel measures to detect cortical layers thickness characteristics potentially associated with risk or resilience to developing schizophrenia.Methods43 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) male patients, 29 non-converted individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis (ncUHR, mean follow-up period – 6.5 years), and 43 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent structural MRI at 3T Philips scanner. Images were processed via FreeSurfer and MATLAB to derive two markers specific to supragranular thickness change: gyral-sulcal thickness differences (GSTD) and gyral-sulcal intrinsic curvature differences on pial surface (GSCD).ResultsGSCD measures were increased in temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, whereas both GSTD and GSCD were increased in the right frontal cortex in FES compared to HC. No GSTD or GSCD were changed in ncUHR compared to HC, and GSCD was decreased in the frontal cortex compared to FES.ConclusionsOur findings from the indirect measures indicate a potential predominance of supragranular thinning in FES and suggest that a supragranular thinning in the right frontal lobe might be associated with precipitating risk and/or illness effects of schizophrenia. At the same time, no clear supragranular markers directly associated with resilience or risk mechanisms were identified. The work was supported by RFBR grant 20-013-00748.
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Xu, Jinping, Jiaojian Wang, Tongjian Bai, Xiaodong Zhang, Tian Li, Qingmao Hu, Hongming Li, et al. "Electroconvulsive Therapy Induces Cortical Morphological Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder Revealed with Surface-Based Morphometry Analysis." International Journal of Neural Systems 29, no. 07 (August 6, 2019): 1950005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065719500059.

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Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), the mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of ECT remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated alterations in the cortical morphological measurements including cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and local gyrification index (LGI) in 23 MDD patients before and after ECT. Furthermore, multivariate pattern analysis using linear support vector machine (SVM) was applied to investigate whether the changed morphological measurements can be effective indicators for therapeutic efficacy of ECT. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis found significantly increased vertex-wise and regional cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) in widespread regions, mainly located in the left insula (INS) and left fusiform gyrus, as well as hypergyrification in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in MDD patients after ECT. Partial correlational analyses identified associations between the morphological properties and depressive symptom scores and impaired memory scores. Moreover, SVM result showed that the changed morphological measurements were effective to classify the MDD patients before and after ECT. Our findings suggested that ECT may enhance cortical neuroplasticity to facilitate neurogenesis to remit depressive symptoms and to impair delayed memory. These findings indicated that the cortical morphometry is a good index for therapeutic efficacy of ECT.
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Semenza, Carlo, Marianna Cavinato, Jessica Rigon, Irene Battel, Francesca Meneghello, and Annalena Venneri. "Persistent cortical deafness: A voxel-based morphometry and tractography study." Neuropsychology 26, no. 6 (2012): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029688.

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Thesen, Thomas, Brian T. Quinn, Chad Carlson, Orrin Devinsky, Jonathan DuBois, Carrie R. McDonald, Jacqueline French, et al. "Detection of Epileptogenic Cortical Malformations with Surface-Based MRI Morphometry." PLoS ONE 6, no. 2 (February 4, 2011): e16430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016430.

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Chung, M. K., K. M. Dalton, and R. J. Davidson. "Tensor-Based Cortical Surface Morphometry via Weighted Spherical Harmonic Representation." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 27, no. 8 (August 2008): 1143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2008.918338.

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Nordahl, C. W., D. Dierker, I. Mostafavi, C. M. Schumann, S. M. Rivera, D. G. Amaral, and D. C. Van Essen. "Cortical Folding Abnormalities in Autism Revealed by Surface-Based Morphometry." Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 43 (October 24, 2007): 11725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0777-07.2007.

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Palaniyappan, Lena, and Peter Liddle. "Aberrant cortical gyrification in schizophrenia: a surface-based morphometry study." Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 37, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.110119.

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Baudat, Cindy, Bénédicte Maréchal, Ricardo Corredor-Jerez, Tobias Kober, Reto Meuli, Patric Hagmann, Patrik Michel, Philippe Maeder, and Vincent Dunet. "Automated MRI-based volumetry of basal ganglia and thalamus at the chronic phase of cortical stroke." Neuroradiology 62, no. 11 (June 17, 2020): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02477-x.

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Abstract Purpose We aimed at assessing the potential of automated MR morphometry to assess individual basal ganglia and thalamus volumetric changes at the chronic phase after cortical stroke. Methods Ninety-six patients (mean age: 65 ± 18 years, male 55) with cortical stroke at the chronic phase were retrospectively included. Patients were scanned at 1.5 T or 3 T using a T1-MPRAGE sequence. Resulting 3D images were processed with the MorphoBox prototype software to automatically segment basal ganglia and thalamus structures, and to obtain Z scores considering the confounding effects of age and sex. Stroke volume was estimated by manual delineation on T2-SE imaging. Z scores were compared between ipsi- and contralateral stroke side and according to the vascular territory. Potential relationship between Z scores and stroke volume was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results Basal ganglia and thalamus volume Z scores were lower ipsilaterally to MCA territory stroke (p values < 0.034) while they were not different between ipsi- and contralateral stroke sides in non-MCA territory stroke (p values > 0.37). In MCA territory stroke, ipsilateral caudate nucleus (rho = − 0.34, p = 0.007), putamen (rho = − 0.50, p < 0.001), pallidum (rho = − 0.44, p < 0.001), and thalamus (rho = − 0.48, p < 0.001) volume Z scores negatively correlated with the cortical stroke volume. This relation was not influenced by cardiovascular risk factors or time since stroke. Conclusion Automated MR morphometry demonstrated atrophy of ipsilateral basal ganglia and thalamus at the chronic phase after cortical stroke in the MCA territory. The atrophy was related to stroke volume. These results confirm the potential role for automated MRI morphometry to assess remote changes after stroke.
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Li, Lihua, Bingjun Ji, Ting Zhao, Xuan Cui, Jingtao Chen, and Zhenyu Wang. "The structural changes of gray matter in Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairments." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): e0269787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269787.

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Objectives Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with cognitive impairments. However, the underlying neural mechanism of cognitive impairments in PD is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the anatomic alternations of gray matter in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their associations with neurocognitive measurements. Methods T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 23 PD patients with MCI, 23 PD patients without MCI, and 23 matched healthy controls. The MRI data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surfaced-based morphometry (SBM) methods to assess the structural changes in gray matter volume and cortical thickness respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to examine the diagnostic accuracies of the indexes of interest. The correlations between the structural metrics and neurocognitive assessments (e.g., Montreal cognitive assessment, MOCA; Mini-mental state examination, MMSE) were further examined. Results PD patients with MCI showed reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal cortex (e.g., right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus) and extended to insula as well as cerebellum compared with the healthy controls and PD patients without MIC. Thinner of cortical thickens in the temporal lobe (e.g., left middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus) extending to parietal cortex (e.g., precuneus) were found in the PD patients with MCI relative to the healthy controls and PD patients without MCI.ROC analysis indicated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values in the frontal, temporal, and subcortical structures (e.g., insula and cerebellum) could differentiate the PD patients with MCI and without MCI and healthy controls. Furthermore, GMV of the right middle frontal gyrus and cortical thickness of the right superior temporal gyrus were correlated with neurocognitive dysfunctions (e.g., MOCA and MMSE) in PD patients with MCI. Conclusion This study provided further evidence that PD with MCI was associated with structural alternations of brain. Morphometric analysis focusing on the cortical and subcortical regions could be biomarkers of cognitive impairments in PD patients.
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GOSENDE, FERNANDO MAGALHÃES, ROGÉRIO LÚCIO CHAVES DE RESENDE, CARLOS BAUER NAMEM LOPES JUNIOR, JEFFERSON SOARES LEAL, PAULA SILVEIRA SANTANA, ÂNGELO RIBEIRO VAZ DE FARIA, and LUIZ CLAUDIO DE MOURA FRANÇA. "MORPHOMETRY OF THE POSITIONING OF CORTICAL TRAJECTORY PEDICLE SCREWS IN BRAZILIANS." Coluna/Columna 19, no. 2 (June 2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120201902223974.

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ABSTRACT Objective Morphometric study of the positioning of the cortical trajectory pedicle screw in the lumbar spine of Brazilian patients of different sexes and ages, through the use of computed tomography images, in order to obtain more reliable data about cortical screw insertion and the variations observed, providing assistance for a safer, more effective approach with fewer complications. Methods Selection of 100 patients from a database, alternating by sex, measuring the length, diameter, cephalic angulation, and lateral angulation of the vertebrae from L1 to L5. Results Statistically significant measurements were obtained for the four different parameters in relation to sex. The mean age was 56, with a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 87 years. The L4 and L5 screws showed a reduction in relation to the other levels, while the width showed a progressive increase starting at L3. Lateral angulation was the parameter with the least variation among the levels, while there was greater variation and a reduction from L4 to L5 in cephalic angulation. Conclusion Statistically significant results were obtained for length, diameter, lateral and cephalic angulation. Sex was a significant factor in spine surgery instrumentation using the cortical trajectory pedicle screw technique. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic study (investigation of an examination for diagnosis).
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Rademacher, J., A. M. Galaburda, D. N. Kennedy, P. A. Filipek, and V. S. Caviness. "Human Cerebral Cortex: Localization, Parcellation, and Morphometry with Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4, no. 4 (October 1992): 352–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1992.4.4.352.

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We describe a system of parcellation of the human brain that is based on the functional anatomy of the cerebral cortex and that is applied to the analysis of magnetic resonance images. This system is designed to support investigations of hemispheric asymmetries and quantitative lesion localization studies in cognitive neuroscience. The system of cortical subdivision is a neural systems oriented model that approximates subdivisions supported by previous architectonic and functional analyses. It is based primarily on boundaries determined by "limiting fissures." It is completed by a set of coronal planes, keyed to visible anatomic landmarks, which "close" the borders of the parcellation subdivisions. The method depends on computational reconstruction of the primary image data in multiple planes so as to allow the observed pattern of limiting fissures in a given brain to be digitized. In this presentation, the method is applied in order to define the surface anatomy of the cerebral hemispheres in a normal subject. Volumetric measurements of individual cortical regions are compared as hemispheric percentiles to areal perceniiles derived from the analysis of Jouandet et al. (1989), a conceptually related though methodologically different approach. We specifically address the approach to the study of interhemispheric differences and interindividual variations in cortical anatomy.
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Hsiao, Hua-Tsen, Mi-Chia Ma, Hsin-I. Chang, Ching-Heng Lin, Shih-Wei Hsu, Shu-Hua Huang, Chen-Chang Lee, Chi-Wei Huang, and Chiung-Chih Chang. "Cognitive Decline Related to Diet Pattern and Nutritional Adequacy in Alzheimer’s Disease Using Surface-Based Morphometry." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 5300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245300.

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Dietary pattern (DP) results in nutrition adequacy and may influence cognitive decline and cortical atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The study explored DP in 248 patients with AD. Two neurobehavioral assessments (intervals 13.4 months) and two cortical thickness measurements derived from magnetic resonance images (intervals 26.5 months) were collected as outcome measures. Reduced rank regression was used to assess the groups of DPs and a linear mixed-effect model to explore the cortical neurodegenerative patterns. At screening, underweight body mass index (BMI) was related to significant higher lipid profile, impaired cognitive function, smaller cortical thickness, lower protein DP factor loading scores and the non-spouse caregiver status. Higher mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were related to the DP of coffee/tea, compared to the lipid/sugar or protein DP group. The underweighted-BMI group had faster cortical thickness atrophy in the pregenual and lateral temporal cortex, while the correlations between cortical thickness degeneration and high HbA1C or low B12 and folate levels were localized in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex. The predictive model suggested that factors related to MMSE score were related to the caregiver status. In conclusion, normal or overweight BMI, coffee/tea DP group and living with a spouse were considered as protective factors for better cognitive outcomes in patients with AD. The influence of glucose, B12 and folate on the cortical degeneration was spatially distinct from the pattern of AD degeneration.
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Sleurs, Charlotte, Jurgen Lemiere, Jeroen Blommaert, Sabine Deprez, Karen Van Beek, Anne Uyttebroeck, and Sandra Jacobs. "QOL-07. CORTICAL VOLUME AND THICKNESS IN ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.672.

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Abstract PURPOSE A brain tumor treatment including cranial radiotherapy has previously been associated with long-term neurocognitive sequelae. Since underlying neurological mechanisms remain inconclusive, we investigated cortical features in childhood posterior fossa tumor survivors. METHODS T1-weighted MRI (MPRAGE, resolution=.98x.98x1.2mm) was acquired to investigate the cortical structure in adult survivors of childhood infratentorial tumors (n=19, 15males) (16.4–34.8 years old, &gt;2years after treatment). These scans were compared to age- and gender- matched controls. Supratentorial cortical volume and thickness were investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM), respectively. We compared patients and controls, irradiated (n=13) versus non-irradiated patients, and investigated the age at radiotherapy (peak level: p&lt;.001). RESULTS Lower GM volumes were encountered in multiple brain areas of patients compared to controls, with the largest clusters in the right and left occipital fusiform gyri. Irradiated patients showed lower GM volumes then non-irradiated patients in the superior and middle frontal gyri, the right supramarginal gyrus and precuneus. Age at radiotherapy was associated with GM volume in the inferior frontal gyrus. SBM yielded larger cortical thickness in patients in the left precuneus, inferior temporal and fusiform gyrus. The opposite effect was only marginally significant, in the left temporal lingual gyrus. Age at radiotherapy was not associated with cortical thickness, but radiotherapy was associated with lower thickness of the left pars opercularis. CONCLUSION Widespread differences in cortical volumes and thickness were observed in posterior fossa tumor survivors. Both radiotherapy and age at radiotherapy could be suggested as risk factors for long-term cortical development.
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Al Obaidi, Ibtisam Hussein. "Histological Classification of Thymoma." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 61, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6121261.

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Background: Many thymoma classifications have been followed and have been updated by newer or alternative schemes. Many classifications were based on the morphology and histogenesis of normal thymus as the backbone, while other classifications have followed a more simplified scheme, whereby thymomas were grouped based on biological behavior. The WHO classification is currently the advocated one, which is based on “organotypical” features (i.e. histological characteristics mimicking those observed in the normal thymus) including cytoarchitecture (encapsulation and a “lobular architecture”) and the cellular composition, mostly the nuclear morphology is generally appreciated. Objectives: This study aims to re-classify thymomas by establishing certain morphometric parameters to evaluate the epithelial cells nuclei. An appraisal of thymoma classification as cortical/ lymphocytic/ type B1 and B2 or medullary/ spindle cells/ type A will be attempted as objective re-evaluation of thymoma. Patients: This study is a retrospective evaluation of 50 cases of thymoma, 20 cases of thymic hyperplasia and 10 cases of normal thymus (control group). Using a 5 µm formalin-fixed paraffin embeded tissue sections, stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain, these cases were previously classified histologically into lymphocytic (6 cases), lymphoepithelial (mixed) (28 cases) and epithelial (16 cases), including 2 cases of spindle cell thymoma. Methods: Computer-assisted morphometry was performed for 80 cases. This involves digitization of the histopathological features and application of morphometric analysis through software. The morphometric parameters used are nuclear area, maximum nuclear diameter and Form factor of epithelial cells nuclei. Ten normal thymus glands from the archived cases were also evaluated as a control groups. Results: The results showed that epithelial thymomas possess significantly different nuclear areas from that of a normal thymus, the maximum nuclear diameter (D-Max) follows the same pattern and adds no further outcomes. The numerical morphometric analysis showed no significant differences between lymphocytic predominant thymoma and those classified as cortical thymoma (Type B2). Thus it does not support such a re-classification. Form factor is an indication of pleomorphism, but it should be cautiously used when spindle cells are present since it may give a false indication of pleomorphism. Conclusion: Computer-Assisted morphometric analysis provides an objective, reproducible and comparable results for thymoma histological classification. Keywords: Thymoma, Histological classification, Grading, Morphometry, Computer-assistedmorphometry.
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Govindarajan, Sindhuja T., Ruiqi Pan, Lauren Krupp, Leigh Charvet, and Tim Q. Duong. "Gray Matter Morphometry Correlates with Attentional Efficiency in Young-Adult Multiple Sclerosis." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010080.

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Slowed processing on the alerting, orienting and executive control components of attention measured using the Attention Network Test-Interactions (ANT-I) have been widely reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the assumption that these components correspond to specific neuroanatomical networks in the brain, little is known about gray matter changes that occur in MS and their association with ANT-I performance. We investigated vertex-wise cortical thickness changes and deep gray matter volumetric changes in young MS participants (N = 21, age range: 18–35) with pediatric or young-adult onset and mild disease severity. ANT-I scores and cortical thickness were not significantly different between MS participants and healthy volunteers (N = 19, age range: 18–35), but thalamic volumes were significantly lower in MS. Slowed reaction times on the alerting component in MS correlated significantly with reduced volume of the right pallidum in MS. Slowed reaction times on executive control component correlated significantly with reduced thickness in the frontal, parietal and visual cortical areas and with reduced volume of the left putamen in MS. These findings demonstrate associations between gray matter changes and attentional performance even in the absence of widespread atrophy or slowed attentional processes.
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Govindarajan, Sindhuja T., Ruiqi Pan, Lauren Krupp, Leigh Charvet, and Tim Q. Duong. "Gray Matter Morphometry Correlates with Attentional Efficiency in Young-Adult Multiple Sclerosis." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010080.

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Slowed processing on the alerting, orienting and executive control components of attention measured using the Attention Network Test-Interactions (ANT-I) have been widely reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the assumption that these components correspond to specific neuroanatomical networks in the brain, little is known about gray matter changes that occur in MS and their association with ANT-I performance. We investigated vertex-wise cortical thickness changes and deep gray matter volumetric changes in young MS participants (N = 21, age range: 18–35) with pediatric or young-adult onset and mild disease severity. ANT-I scores and cortical thickness were not significantly different between MS participants and healthy volunteers (N = 19, age range: 18–35), but thalamic volumes were significantly lower in MS. Slowed reaction times on the alerting component in MS correlated significantly with reduced volume of the right pallidum in MS. Slowed reaction times on executive control component correlated significantly with reduced thickness in the frontal, parietal and visual cortical areas and with reduced volume of the left putamen in MS. These findings demonstrate associations between gray matter changes and attentional performance even in the absence of widespread atrophy or slowed attentional processes.
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Bailey, Jennifer Anne, Robert J. Zatorre, and Virginia B. Penhune. "Early Musical Training Is Linked to Gray Matter Structure in the Ventral Premotor Cortex and Auditory–Motor Rhythm Synchronization Performance." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 4 (April 2014): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00527.

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Evidence in animals and humans indicates that there are sensitive periods during development, times when experience or stimulation has a greater influence on behavior and brain structure. Sensitive periods are the result of an interaction between maturational processes and experience-dependent plasticity mechanisms. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that adult musicians who begin training before the age of 7 show enhancements in behavior and white matter structure compared with those who begin later. Plastic changes in white matter and gray matter are hypothesized to co-occur; therefore, the current study investigated possible differences in gray matter structure between early-trained (ET; <7) and late-trained (LT; >7) musicians, matched for years of experience. Gray matter structure was assessed using voxel-wise analysis techniques (optimized voxel-based morphometry, traditional voxel-based morphometry, and deformation-based morphometry) and surface-based measures (cortical thickness, surface area and mean curvature). Deformation-based morphometry analyses identified group differences between ET and LT musicians in right ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), which correlated with performance on an auditory motor synchronization task and with age of onset of musical training. In addition, cortical surface area in vPMC was greater for ET musicians. These results are consistent with evidence that premotor cortex shows greatest maturational change between the ages of 6–9 years and that this region is important for integrating auditory and motor information. We propose that the auditory and motor interactions required by musical practice drive plasticity in vPMC and that this plasticity is greatest when maturation is near its peak.
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Teicher, Martin H., and Alaptagin Khan. "Childhood Maltreatment, Cortical and Amygdala Morphometry, Functional Connectivity, Laterality, and Psychopathology." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 4 (September 8, 2019): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519870845.

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Child maltreatment (CM) is the most important preventable risk factor for psychopathology and there is a pressing need to understand how CM gets ‘under the skin’ to markedly increase risk in some individuals as well as a comparable effort to identify factors associated with better than expected outcomes in other individuals. This special issue of Child Maltreatment provides a series of sophisticated studies on the neurobiological impact of CM, of which we have chosen 4 articles to comment on.The articles by Oshri et al., and Peveril, Sheridan, Busso & McLaughlin are amygdala centric and provide important new information on the impact of CM on the morphology and functional connectivity of this highly stress susceptible structure. The article by Demers et al., presents data from a longitudinal study that illustrates the potentially disruptive effects of CM on the association between maternal relationship quality, frontal cortical development and symptomatology. Finally, the De Bellis et al., study addresses the pressing question, which we have labeled the ‘ecophenotype hypothesis’, that postulates that maltreated and non-maltreated individuals with the same primary DSM diagnosis are clinically and neurobiologically distinct, and provides new evidence for a specific prefrontal cortical neurobiological abnormality in the maltreated subtype.
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Schnack, Hugo G., Neeltje E. M. van Haren, Rachel M. Brouwer, G. Caroline M. van Baal, Marco Picchioni, Matthias Weisbrod, Heinrich Sauer, et al. "MAPPING RELIABILITY OF MULTICENTER MRI: CORTICAL THICKNESS AND VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY." Schizophrenia Research 117, no. 2-3 (April 2010): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.861.

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Schnack, Hugo G., Neeltje E. M. van Haren, Rachel M. Brouwer, G. Caroline M. van Baal, Marco Picchioni, Matthias Weisbrod, Heinrich Sauer, et al. "Mapping reliability in multicenter MRI: Voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness." Human Brain Mapping 31, no. 12 (April 16, 2010): 1967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20991.

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Tomyshev, A., P. Menshchikov, M. Omelchenko, V. Kaleda, D. Kupriyanov, and I. Lebedeva. "Multimodal magnetic resonance spectroscopy and surface-based morphometry study of individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.362.

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IntroductionStudies examining gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutamate in ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) have shown conflicting results, and a number of multimodal studies examining associations between metabolite and structural characteristics is very limited.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate potential associations between GABA and glutamate levels and cortical thickness in the frontal lobe in UHR individuals and healthy controls (HC).Methods20 male UHR individuals and 19 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural MRI and MR spectroscopy at 3T Philips scanner. T1-weighted images were processed via FreeSurfer 6.0 to quantify cortical thickness for selected frontal regions labeled according to Desikan atlas. MEGA-PRESS acquisitions were analyzed with jMRUi (ver. 5.1 Alpha), levels of GABA and glutamate were calculated as ratios to creatine + phosphocreatine.ResultsThe study revealed: 1) GABA/Cr ratios reduction in the left frontal lobe (p=0.001) which was not attributable to antipsychotic medication; 2) cortical thickness reductions in the left pars orbitalis (p=0.005) (the anterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus) in the UHR individuals compared to HC. No significant correlations between GABA/Cr ratios and cortical thickness were identified in both groups.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the UHR state is associated with altered GABA levels and cortical thickness reductions in the prefrontal cortex. The results also show that GABA levels are not directly related to cortical abnormalities, suggesting that altered metabolite levels may be associated with a complex system of structural and functional impairments, rather than directly correlating with structural changes in separate cortical regions. The work was supported by RFBR grant 19-29-10040.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Fenchel, Daphna, Ralica Dimitrova, Jakob Seidlitz, Emma C. Robinson, Dafnis Batalle, Jana Hutter, Daan Christiaens, et al. "Development of Microstructural and Morphological Cortical Profiles in the Neonatal Brain." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 11 (June 12, 2020): 5767–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa150.

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Abstract Interruptions to neurodevelopment during the perinatal period may have long-lasting consequences. However, to be able to investigate deviations in the foundation of proper connectivity and functional circuits, we need a measure of how this architecture evolves in the typically developing brain. To this end, in a cohort of 241 term-born infants, we used magnetic resonance imaging to estimate cortical profiles based on morphometry and microstructure over the perinatal period (37–44 weeks postmenstrual age, PMA). Using the covariance of these profiles as a measure of inter-areal network similarity (morphometric similarity networks; MSN), we clustered these networks into distinct modules. The resulting modules were consistent and symmetric, and corresponded to known functional distinctions, including sensory–motor, limbic, and association regions, and were spatially mapped onto known cytoarchitectonic tissue classes. Posterior regions became more morphometrically similar with increasing age, while peri-cingulate and medial temporal regions became more dissimilar. Network strength was associated with age: Within-network similarity increased over age suggesting emerging network distinction. These changes in cortical network architecture over an 8-week period are consistent with, and likely underpin, the highly dynamic processes occurring during this critical period. The resulting cortical profiles might provide normative reference to investigate atypical early brain development.
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Pitteri, Marco, Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo, Lorenza Brusini, Federica Cruciani, Caterina Dapor, Damiano Marastoni, Gloria Menegaz, and Massimiliano Calabrese. "Microstructural MRI Correlates of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Deep Gray Matter." Diagnostics 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061103.

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Although cognitive impairment (CI) is frequently observed in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), its pathogenesis is still controversial. Conflicting results emerged concerning the role of microstructural gray matter (GM) damage especially when involving the deep GM structures. In this study, we aimed at evaluating whether differences in cortical and deep GM structures between apparently cognitively normal (ACN) and CI pwMS (36 subjects in total) are present, using an extensive set of diffusion MRI (dMRI) indices and conventional morphometry measures. The results revealed increased anisotropy and restriction over several deep GM structures in CI compared with ACN pwMS, while no changes in volume were present in the same areas. Conversely, reduced anisotropy/restriction values were detected in cortical regions, mostly the pericalcarine cortex and precuneus, combined with reduced thickness of the superior frontal gyrus and insula. Most of the dMRI metrics but none of the morphometric indices correlated with the Symbol Digit Modality Test. These results suggest that deep GM microstructural damage can be a strong anatomical substrate of CI in pwMS and might allow identifying pwMS at higher risk of developing CI.
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Hougaard, Anders, Faisal M. Amin, Michael B. Hoffmann, Henrik BW Larsson, Stefano Magon, Till Sprenger, and Messoud Ashina. "Structural gray matter abnormalities in migraine relate to headache lateralization, but not aura." Cephalalgia 35, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102414532378.

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Background The hallmark of migraine aura (MA) is transient cortical dysfunction but it is not known if MA is associated with structural cortical or subcortical changes. To determine the relation between MA and structural gray matter abnormalities, we studied a unique sample of 20 patients with frequent side-locked MA, i.e. visual aura consistently occurring in the same hemifield. Methods We applied a highly sensitive within-patient design to assess anatomical differences with both voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry on a whole-hemisphere level and for specific anatomical regions of interest. Within-subject comparisons were made with regard to aura symptoms ( N = 20 vs 20) and with regard to headache ( N = 13 vs 13). Results We found no differences in gray matter structure with regard to aura symptoms in MA patients. Comparing the typical migraine headache side of the patients to the contralateral side revealed a difference in cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus (mean difference 0.12 mm, p = 0.036). Conclusion MA per se is associated with abnormal function but not with lateralized abnormalities of gray matter structure. Alteration of the inferior frontal cortex suggests structural reorganization of pain inhibitory circuits in response to the repeated intense nociceptive input due to the headache attacks.
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Minuzzi, Luciano, Sabrina K. Syan, Mara Smith, Alexander Hall, Geoffrey BC Hall, and Benicio N. Frey. "Structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex in euthymic females with bipolar disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 11 (December 13, 2017): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417746001.

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Objective: Current evidence from neuroimaging data suggests possible dysfunction of the fronto-striatal-limbic circuits in individuals with bipolar disorder. Somatosensory cortical function has been implicated in emotional recognition, risk-taking and affective responses through sensory modalities. This study investigates anatomy and function of the somatosensory cortex in euthymic bipolar women. Methods: In total, 68 right-handed euthymic women (bipolar disorder = 32 and healthy controls = 36) between 16 and 45 years of age underwent high-resolution anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging during the mid-follicular menstrual phase. The somatosensory cortex was used as a seed region for resting-state functional connectivity analysis. Voxel-based morphometry was used to evaluate somatosensory cortical gray matter volume between groups. Results: We found increased resting-state functional connectivity between the somatosensory cortex and insular cortex, inferior prefrontal gyrus and frontal orbital cortex in euthymic bipolar disorder subjects compared to healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry analysis showed decreased gray matter in the left somatosensory cortex in the bipolar disorder group. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis controlled by age did not reveal any additional significant difference between groups. Conclusion: This study is the first to date to evaluate anatomy and function of the somatosensory cortex in a well-characterized sample of euthymic bipolar disorder females. Anatomical and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex in this population might contribute to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
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Wang, Jianjun, Hanqing Lyu, Jianxiang Chen, Songjun Lin, Haotao Zheng, Jinfang Li, Fanxin Kong, et al. "Cortical Alterations Are Associated with Depression in Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment Revealed by Surface-Based Morphometry." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200156.

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Background: Late-life depression often coexists with vascular cognitive impairment and affects the quality of life for elders. However, little is known about cortical morphometric interactions between subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and concomitant mild depressive symptoms at the early stage. Objective: We aimed to investigate cortical alterations of svMCI with and without depressive symptoms and determine whether these parameters are associated with depression symptoms and/or cognitive impairments. Methods: Surface based morphometry was performed on 18 svMCI patients with depressive symptoms (svMCI + D), 16 svMCI patients without depressive symptoms (svMCI–D), and 23 normal controls (NC). Results: Compared to NC, both svMCI + D and svMCI–D patients exhibited significantly decreased surface area (SA) in many cortical areas. Interestingly, svMCI + D patients showed significantly increased rather than decreased SA in right lateral occipital gyrus (LOG.R), and a consistent trend of increased SA in these areas compared to svMCI–D. In addition, the svMCI + D showed increased gray matter volume of left pericalcarine (periCAL.L) than svMCI–D, whereas svMCI–D showed decreased gray matter volume of periCAL.L than NC. Further correlation analyses revealed that the SA of left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L) and right lateral orbital part of frontal gyrus (lorbFG.R) were significantly correlated with Hamilton depression rating scale of svMCI + D. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results extend our insight into svMCI and add weight to reevaluation of concomitant early stage depressive symptoms. Moreover, we suggest that LOG.R∖periCAL.L∖STG.L∖lorbFG.R might serve as sensitive and trait-dependent biomarkers to detect concomitant depressive symptoms in svMCI patients.
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Ludolph, Andrea G., Freimut D. Juengling, Gerhard Libal, Albert C. Ludolph, Jörg M. Fegert, and Jan Kassubek. "Grey-matter abnormalities in boys with Tourette syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging study using optimised voxel-based morphometry." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 5 (May 2006): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.008813.

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SummaryThe genesis of Tourette syndrome is still unknown, but a core role for the pathways of cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuitry (CSTC) is supposed. Volume-rendering magnetic resonance imaging data-sets were analysed in 14 boys with Tourette syndrome and 15 age-matched controls using optimised voxel-based morphometry. Locally increased grey-matter volumes (corrected P < 0.001) were found bilaterally in the ventral putamen. Regional decreases in grey matter were observed in the left hippocampal gyrus. This unbiased analysis confirmed an association between striatal abnormalities and Tourette syndrome, and the hippocampal volume alterations indicate an involvement of temporolimbic pathways of the CSTC in the syndrome.
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Chang, Hsin-I., Shih-Wei Hsu, Zih-Kai Kao, Chen-Chang Lee, Shu-Hua Huang, Ching-Heng Lin, Mu-N. Liu, and Chiung-Chih Chang. "Impact of Amyloid Pathology in Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects: The Longitudinal Cognition and Surface Morphometry Data." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 14635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314635.

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The amyloid framework forms the central medical theory related to Alzheimer disease (AD), and the in vivo demonstration of amyloid positivity is essential for diagnosing AD. On the basis of a longitudinal cohort design, the study investigated clinical progressive patterns by obtaining cognitive and structural measurements from a group of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI); the measurements were classified by the positivity (Aβ+) or absence (Aβ−) of the amyloid biomarker. We enrolled 185 patients (64 controls, 121 patients with MCI). The patients with MCI were classified into two groups on the basis of their [18F]flubetaben or [18F]florbetapir amyloid positron-emission tomography scan (Aβ+ vs. Aβ−, 67 vs. 54 patients) results. Data from annual cognitive measurements and three-dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging scans were used for between-group comparisons. To obtain longitudinal cognitive test scores, generalized estimating equations were applied. A linear mixed effects model was used to compare the time effect of cortical thickness degeneration. The cognitive decline trajectory of the Aβ+ group was obvious, whereas the Aβ− and control groups did not exhibit a noticeable decline over time. The group effects of cortical thickness indicated decreased entorhinal cortex in the Aβ+ group and supramarginal gyrus in the Aβ− group. The topology of neurodegeneration in the Aβ− group was emphasized in posterior cortical regions. A comparison of the changes in the Aβ+ and Aβ− groups over time revealed a higher rate of cortical thickness decline in the Aβ+ group than in the Aβ− group in the default mode network. The Aβ+ and Aβ− groups experienced different APOE ε4 effects. For cortical–cognitive correlations, the regions associated with cognitive decline in the Aβ+ group were mainly localized in the perisylvian and anterior cingulate regions. By contrast, the degenerative topography of Aβ− MCI was scattered. The memory learning curves, cognitive decline patterns, and cortical degeneration topographies of the two MCI groups were revealed to be different, suggesting a difference in pathophysiology. Longitudinal analysis may help to differentiate between these two MCI groups if biomarker access is unavailable in clinical settings.
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49

Therriault, Joseph, Tharick A. Pascoal, Melissa Savard, Andrea L. Benedet, Mira Chamoun, Cecile Tissot, Firoza Lussier, et al. "Topographic Distribution of Amyloid-β, Tau, and Atrophy in Patients With Behavioral/Dysexecutive Alzheimer Disease." Neurology 96, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): e81-e92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011081.

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ObjectiveTo determine the associations between amyloid-PET, tau-PET, and atrophy with the behavioral/dysexecutive presentation of Alzheimer disease (AD), how these differ from amnestic AD, and how they correlate to clinical symptoms.MethodsWe assessed 15 patients with behavioral/dysexecutive AD recruited from a tertiary care memory clinic, all of whom had biologically defined AD. They were compared with 25 patients with disease severity– and age-matched amnestic AD and a group of 131 cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly individuals. All participants were evaluated with amyloid-PET with [18F]AZD4694, tau-PET with [18F]MK6240, MRI, and neuropsychological testing.ResultsVoxelwise contrasts identified patterns of frontal cortical tau aggregation in behavioral/dysexecutive AD, with peaks in medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and frontal insular cortices in contrast to amnestic AD. No differences were observed in the distribution of amyloid-PET or atrophy as determined by voxel-based morphometry. Voxelwise area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that tau-PET uptake in the medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and frontal insular cortices were best able to differentiate between behavioral/dysexecutive and amnestic AD (area under the curve 0.87). Voxelwise regressions demonstrated relationships between frontal cortical tau load and degree of executive dysfunction.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence of frontal cortical involvement of tau pathology in behavioral/dysexecutive AD and highlight the need for consensus clinical criteria in this syndrome.
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Chan, Wai-Yen, Ming-Ying Chia, Guo-Liang Yang, Puay-San Woon, Yih-Yian Sitoh, Simon Lowes Collinson, Wieslaw Lucjan Nowinski, and Kang Sim. "Duration of Illness, Regional Brain Morphology and Neurocognitive Correlates in Schizophrenia." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 5 (May 15, 2009): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n5p388.

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Introduction: Previous studies examining brain effects of duration of illness in schizophrenia have focused on either cortical or subcortical structures. Hence this study sought to elucidate the regional grey matter changes (both cortical and subcortical) and neurocognitive correlates with increased duration of illness in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia using voxel-based morphometry. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients (72 males and 18 females) with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited and assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results: A longer duration of illness was associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral putamen, right superior temporal gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus as well as the right thalamus. No region showed increased grey matter volume above threshold with longer duration of illness. Longer duration of illness was correlated with poorer attention. Conclusions: The grey matter reductions in different brain regions highlighted that a distributed network of cortical and subcortical regions was associated with duration of illness. This is consistent with neural models that implicate involvement of thalamo-cortical circuitry as the disruption in these neural pathways can result in specific deficits such as poorer attention. The results have implications for the understanding of brain changes in schizophrenia, and with further studies, may guide better tailored and targeted clinical management in terms of reducing the impact of duration of illness on neural substrates in schizophrenia in the future. Key words: Duration of Illness, Grey Matter, Magnetic resonance imaging, Voxel-based Morphometry
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