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Sibani, Clifford, and Blessing Clifford-Sibani. "Religion and the Legal Institutional Combat against Corruption in Nigeria." NIU Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.58709/niujss.v10i1.1808.
Religion is man’s belief in the super abundant reality that controls the cosmic environs, propels humans’ worship and demand appeasement for pardon and favour. Corruption is the act of corrupting or the state of being corrupt, moral perversion; depravity, and perversion of integrity. The battle between religion and corruption in Nigeria is a moral one and calls for sanity and renewing of the mind. It has eaten deep into the fabrics of the nation with adverse effect on the poor masses. The perpetrating actors of corruption are found in all sectors of our nation but copiously amongst the elite and those in leadership. The objective of this research is to view the place of religious and legal institutions in combating corruptions in Nigerian. This research utilized historical approach as well as books, journals; internet materials etc as sources. It was able to examine corruption in Nigeria, holistic definition of corruption, nature and characteristics of corruption, evil of corruption, and the causes of corruption, legal and institutional fight against corruption in Nigeria, how religion aids corruption and the role of religion in combating corruption as a social responsibility/intervention in Nigeria. It recommends that religious institution should as a matter of urgency be the watchdog and the conscience of the common man in nation with respect to combating corruption in Nigeria. Keywords: Religion, Legal, Institutional, corruption, Combat, Nigeria.
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HERLAMBANG, HERLAMBANG. "REFORMULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY CONCEPT IN CRIMINAL ACT OF CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA BASED ON PANCASILA." University Of Bengkulu Law Journal 1, no. 1 (April 22, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.1.1.19-28.
AbstractThe successful action of eradicating corruption in Indonesia is influenced by the accuracy of formulating the Criminal liability concept of corruptors. Accuracy is needed in determining corruptor to convict those who take part in corruption cases so they can be responsible for their corruptions and be punished according to the regulation applied. This study used an empirical legal research methodology, composing into an article from several research reports. The current concept of criminal liability seems inadequate to arrest the doer that takes part in corruption which has been executed for his criminal responsibility. This indicates the discrimination in sentencing the corruptors. Different from regulation to charge doer in general crimes, a corruptor is charged based on the concept of individual responsibility, thus it is necessary to propose another responsibility which is developed based on Adat Law such as collectivity principle of responsibility
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HERLAMBANG, HERLAMBANG. "REFORMULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY CONCEPT IN CRIMINAL ACT OF CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA BASED ON PANCASILA." University Of Bengkulu Law Journal 1, no. 1 (April 22, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.v1i1.1329.
AbstractThe successful action of eradicating corruption in Indonesia is influenced by the accuracy of formulating the Criminal liability concept of corruptors. Accuracy is needed in determining corruptor to convict those who take part in corruption cases so they can be responsible for their corruptions and be punished according to the regulation applied. This study used an empirical legal research methodology, composing into an article from several research reports. The current concept of criminal liability seems inadequate to arrest the doer that takes part in corruption which has been executed for his criminal responsibility. This indicates the discrimination in sentencing the corruptors. Different from regulation to charge doer in general crimes, a corruptor is charged based on the concept of individual responsibility, thus it is necessary to propose another responsibility which is developed based on Adat Law such as collectivity principle of responsibility
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Juarez-Garcia, Mario I. "Personal Corruption & Corrupting Laws: Montesquieu’s Twofold Theory of Corruption." Business Ethics and Leadership 4, no. 4 (2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(4).76-83.2020.
Traditional views tend to identify the problem of corruption in the dishonesty of public officials. The main purpose of the research is to recover Montesquieu’s view of corruption and show that there are at least two different causes of corrupt behaviors. In The Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu distinguishes “two kinds of corruption: one, when the people do not observe the laws, the other when they are corrupted by the laws; the latter is an incurable ill because it lies in the remedy itself.” Recent studies about Montesquieu’s account of corruption do not pay much attention to this distinction. This paper unpacks the two kinds of corruption. The first kind tracks a problem of individuals who use their public office for private gain. The second track is the deficiency of the laws that contradict social behaviors and, therefore, are obeyed exclusively out of fear and violated whenever possible. The distinction is relevant to the anti-corruption literature because it implies two different ways to eradicate corruption. Corruption as a problem of individuals can be solved with better enforcement of the law: improving monitoring systems, better rewards for honesty, or higher punishments. Personal corruption can be dealt with what Celine Spector calls “a legislative arsenal.” However, improving enforcement mechanisms is unlikely to solve the problem in corrupting laws, given that people violate the law due to the high standards that it imposes on them. The solution for the second kind of corruption is to remove or modify the corrupting law. Montesquieu promoted the separation of powers and the spirit of moderation in the legislators to avoid corrupting laws. The result of this investigation is the importance of distinguishing between the situations in which more coercion can eradicate corruption and those in which more force against corruption leads to despotism. Keywords: Corruption, Legislation, Moderation, Montesquieu, Separation of Powers, Spirit of the Laws.
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Alam, Dippo. "PERILAKU KORUPTIF PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KRIMINOLOGI DAN VIKTIMOLOGI." SUPREMASI HUKUM 18, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v18i2.2664.
Cases of corruption are still often heard in the media. There were 553 cases of corruption that were prosecuted by the KPK in 2021. Corruption during the reformation period is now increasingly widespread. There are several problems in eradicating corruption in Indonesia. Corruptive behavior in this article is discussed using the approach of criminology and victimology. The author uses a qualitative research method with a normative juridical type. Corruption is classified as a white-collar crime, where the perpetrators do not care about state losses. Criminal sanctions and administrative sanctions are expected to be able to reduce the number of corruption, although there is a possibility that the perpetrators of corruption are perpetrators who meet the provisions of the victim precipitation theory. In addition, piety to God is seen as important in preventing corruptive behavior, because it is closely related to self-control. On the other hand, the role of LPSK is expected to be able to protect whistle blowers as well as witnesses and victims in an effort to uncover the mastermind behind the corruption cases. Further research should be conducted to achieve more knowledge about the relationship between corruption and criminology and victimology related to the evolution of motives for corruptive behavior in its contribution to the cause of state losses, as well as the protection of witnesses and victims.
Keywords: corruption, corruptive behavior, criminology, victimology.
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Mohas, Muhyi Mohas, Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya, Mohamad Fasyehhudin, and Arizon Mega Jaya. "The Indonesia Government's Strategy in Arrest and Confiscation of Criminal Corruption (Corruptor) Assets Abroad." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 21, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2021.21.3.2882.
Eradication efforts of corrupting in Indonesia have been carried out, but until now there are still many corruption cases that have not been resolved in various ways by the perpetrators or corruptors. Corruptors often drain the funds from the results of corrupting, even the corruptors then go or run abroad. This raises problems in the process of law enforcement and recovery of financial and economic losses in the country, namely the mechanism for returning assets resulting from criminal acts of corrupting abroad. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (1) Explain how is Indonesia Government's strategy in arrest and confiscation of criminal corruption (corruptor) assets abroad. (2) Explain how is international treaties concerning the seizure of assets resulting from criminal acts of corrupting are abroad. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a juridical legal approach normative. The results showed that the cooperation between countries is the best strategy that can be done by the Indonesia government in overcoming problems of sovereignty. Some examples of these forms of international cooperation are extradition treaties (extradition), Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters (MLA). The mechanism for the return of assets in MLA consists of four stages of the asset return process (Article 46 Chapter IV, UNCAC).Keywords: international cooperation; eradication of corruption; confiscation of assets; extradition; mutual legal assistance in criminal matters.
Various criticisms toward corruptions in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic were conveyed by the public through social media, one of which was social criticism through the Tekotok’s animation on YouTube. This study aims to uncover the meaning behind the sign and how social criticism is depicted in the animation of the Tekotok’s Hones Translator Corruptor. This study uses a critical paradigm approach and used Roland Barthes’ Semiotics as a theory to uncover the meaning in the animation and discover myths. The research shows that Tekotok’s Hones Translator Corruptor displays social criticism that often occurs in real life, such as satire about the corruptor’s behavior, corruption and power relationship, and the lack of punishment for perpetrators of corruption. The myth found in the Tekotok animation is that the first actor who acts feels like a victim to be released from prosecution. The second asks questions about people in lower positions.
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Maria, Evi, and Abdul Halim. "PUBLIC GOVERNANCE DAN KORUPSI: BUKTI PENGUJIAN DARI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN PERSPEKTIF TEORI KEAGENAN." Jurnal Akuntansi 11, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/j.akuntansi.11.3.223-234.
This article explores public governance impact on the corruption’s probability in Indonesian local government practices. The research employs data of Indonesian local governments in 2012. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. The study results found that good public governance has a negative effect on corruptio’s probability. The results of this research conclude that the greater public governance index, the less the local government’s engagement in corruption. The results are rugged when area type is added as control variable. Area type do not affect the corruption’s probability in Indonesian local governments. This study found good public governance decreases the asymmetry of information between agents and principals, so that the opportunity to commit corruption are reduced. Improvement of public governance can be done by implementing e-Government to supervise the implementation of government activities and public services in local government, Indonesia.
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Fadhil, Moh. "PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM, INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI ANTI KORUPSI DAN PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI." Journal of Research and Thought on Islamic Education (JRTIE) 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/jrtie.v2i1.1229.
This paper will discuss Islamic Religious Education and internalization of anti-corruption values as the effort to prevent corruption. The effort to overcome corruption crime not only with prosecution and eradication, but also with prevention efforts. One of the prevention efforts is education. Therefore, it needs anti-corruption education model as the resistence efforts toward corruptive behavior and to internalize the value of morality. It has to do literatively to build anti-corruption view. The aim of this paper is to understand integration of anti-corruption values in Islamic Religious Education model. Furthermore, this paper also discusses transformation of Islamic Religious Education that integrating anti-corruption values as the prevention efforts of widespread corruptive behavior and to increase corruption perception index. In this case, Islamic Religious Education must be able to make a methodological transformation in terms of cognitive anti-corruption literacy in each learning activity to all those learners. Furthermore, by building an analysis of social symptoms and public issues with a research approach, it must be able to build public morality. The success of the concept will be able to internalize anti-corruption values and to increase corruption perception index in the world.
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Soliman, Hussein, and Sherry Cable. "Sinking under the weight of corruption: Neoliberal reform, political accountability and justice." Current Sociology 59, no. 6 (October 20, 2011): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392111419748.
The United Nations adopted the 2003 Convention Against Corruption to reduce corruption in developing nations. Corruption’s determinants include political systems’ permeability to economic influence, state economic intervention, weak political competition and officials’ discretionary power to allocate resources. Corruption’s outcomes are slowed economic development, misallocation of government resources, income inequalities and, less frequently, disasters. Using archival and interview data, this article documents corruption’s shaping of the 2006 sinking of an Egyptian ferry in the Red Sea, which killed 1034; high-level corruption not only caused the disaster but exacerbated its impacts. The study’s findings confirm much of the empirical literature but contradict assertions that corruption is associated with high levels of government intervention in the economy. Based on the findings, the article gives a critique of neoliberal reform that associates it with high-level corruption.
Iremiren, Benjamin Akhigbe. "Governance, corruption and economic development : reflections on corruption and anti-corruption initiatives in Nigeria." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9098.
This thesis is about the complex relationship between governance, corruption and economic development. It seeks to extend the literature via exploring the complex web of connections between corruption, development and the quality of political institutions in the specific case of Nigeria. In so doing the thesis explores some of the limitations of mainstream approaches to corruption and postulates that, rather than being a simple issue of rent-seeking that requires a prescription of orthodox economic policy reforms, corruption is an issue that requires contextualizing within the evolution of particular political cultures in specific places and a sensitivity to the impacts of culture on the definitions, causes and impacts of corruption. The thesis also reflects upon the impacts of market reforms on the opportunities for corrupt activity and the potential role of civil society in rendering anti-corruption interventions more effective. Accordingly, the thesis places the current high-profile debates over corruption and poor governance in Nigeria within an historical analysis of the patterns of governance in Nigeria over the years since independence in order to understand the intricate issues surrounding the historical, cultural and socio-political context of the problems of governance and corruption and their influence on anti-corruption reforms in the Nigerian context. Data were collected and analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods; the methods used in data collection included questionnaires and in particular a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with key political stakeholders. The analysis culminates in an extensive exploration of the anti-corruption measures and strategies adopted by Nigerian administrations and the efforts of the international organisations which have supported them in tackling corruption.
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Gofur, A. "Rethinking corruption." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1389943/.
It is generally agreed by policymakers and scholars alike that corruption is a form of misconduct which merits criminalisation. But definitions of corruption vary widely and there is no consensus on what constitutes corruption. Theorising about corruption is therefore a valuable exercise because it promotes greater understanding of this important concept. For example, it enables us to clarify the issues for debates about criminalisation, it assists with fair labelling of wrongdoing, and it helps in establishing coherent penalty regimes through accurate identification of the harms involved in corruption. But in order to theorise about corruption, we must have a complete picture of the harm which results from such conduct, and this in turn requires us to identify the interests being set back and their relationship to the wrongdoing involved. The scholarship on corruption is defective in this respect because it fails to provide a complete account of the harm which results from corruption. The dominant bodies of non-legal literature tend to argue that corruption results in remote harms to public interests. They assume but fail to provide a detailed account of the primary and indirect harms suffered by those innocent actors who are not engaged in corruption. By contrast, the legal literature has tended to focus almost exclusively on the wrongdoing in corruption. But this approach is incomplete because it not only fails to acknowledge that corruption harms innocent actors by setting back their interests, it also fails to emphasise the connection between such harming and the wrongdoing which also results from corruption. This thesis addresses these omissions by articulating a coherent theory of the harm in corruption. Using a three-part analytical framework, it analyses a number of core cases of corruption, and uncovers the harm and wrongdoing caused by such conduct (particularly to those innocent actors who are not engaged in corruption).
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Turer, Ahmet. "Combating Corruption: A Comparison of National Anti-Corruption Efforts." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4247/.
The primary goal of this thesis is to provide a comparative analysis of the institutional and organizational mechanisms designed to monitor and control political corruption at the national level. The paper will provide comparisons of these arraignments and control systems across three nations. The thesis will identify differences across countries in terms of organizational and institutional political corruption control mechanisms, and use the CPI index to suggest and identify those control mechanisms that appear to be present in nations with low CPI measurements. Finally, the thesis will conclude with the discussion concerning the future prospects for controlling political corruption in Turkey based on the comparative analysis described above.
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Wong, Kam-bill. "Corruption in Japan." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197871X.
In this paper, two assumptions about corruption levels are examined, theoretically explained and empirically tested for. The first assumption is that a higher percentage of women in the lower house in countries would decrease the level of corruption in a country. The meaning of “lower house” are in example the parliament and ministries, depending on how the country’s government looks like. If the country is governed with a parliamentary system, the lower house represent the parliament in itself and the ministry’s that comes with it and if the country is governed with a presidential system the lower house is seen as the second chamber and the institutions that goes with the chamber. The second assumption is that a country who is governed democratically would also have lower corruption levels. These assumptions are explained by studies and theories from de Beauvoir (1973), Harris and Jenkins (2006), Rudebeck (2013) and Rothstein (2014) amongst others. To examine the outcome, a cross-sectional dataset from the Quality of Government Institute is used and the results are shown in three models. The results show that if tested for nothing else than the percentage of women in the lower house and democracy levels, they both have a positive impact on corruption levels in countries, in other words reduce predicted corruption levels, but with a low variance explained in the dependent variable. When checked for other factors, such as an anti-corruption laws, the effects of women in lower houses becomes insignificant and democracy goes from giving a positive impact to giving a negative impact. This is probably because the anti-corruption laws becomes an intermediate variable and thus take most of the effect from the other two variables.
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黃錦標 and Kam-bill Wong. "Corruption in Japan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197871X.
Public sector corruption is endemic in many economies and is frequently cited as a cause of poor economic performance. Corruption hinders the completion of beneficial transactions and distorts the outcomes of economic policies. It can also affect the policy choices of governments as they attempt to counteract the consequences of corruption. Excessive inflation may be a negative side effect of corruption if the government compensates for lost revenue by increasing the rate of monetary expansion to exploit seigniorage. There is convincing empirical evidence from cross-section studies that inflation and corruption are positively correlated. It has been suggested that this is a consequence of governments in corrupt economies turning to the use of seigniorage as a method of raising revenue (Al-Marhubi, 2000). This seems a likely route through which the correlation can arise, but the mechanism at work has not received any theoretical attention. In particular, there has been no demonstration that an optimizing government will rationally exploit seigniorage as a response to corruption. The contribution of this study is an analysis of this issue in theoretical models in which the growth rate of money supply is chosen by an optimizing government. Although an empirical analysis is undertaken to explore the relationship between corruption and inflation in chapter one, the main focus of the study is on chapters three, four, and five where theoretical analysis plays the principal role in the research.
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Dahlström, Tobias. "Causes of corruption." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31974.
This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four essays. Although possible to read individually they all analyse the causes of corruption and hence complement each other. The four essays collectively illustrate the complex nature of corruption. Often many interrelated factors work together in causing corruption. Hence, discovering how these factors, individually and together, cause corruption is vital in combating corruption. The first essay helps to explain the path dependency of corruption. It shows that even if the legal system and enforcement level in a corrupt country or organisation is altered to become identical to that in a non corrupt, the level of corruption may not converge. The second essay analyses how the decision making structure influences corruption. It is found that even though the profits of corruption may be monotonically related to changes in the organisational structure the incidence of corruption is not necessarily so. The third essay looks on how corruption may spread between different organisations or countries as they interact with each other, with corrupt/non corrupt behaviour being more likely to be transmitted from successful to nonsuccessful entities than vice versa. The fourth and final essay investigates how the freedom of information can impact on corruption. Looking on both regulatory and technical constraints on information flows, the conclusion is that relaxation of both constraints simultaneously is needed to combat corruption.
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Ghazi, Faezeh. "Corruption and Growth." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1410522823.
Kajsiu, Blendi. "A discourse analysis of corruption : sustaining neoliberalism against corruption in Albania." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549298.
Andersson, Staffan, and Frank Anechiarico. Corruption and Corruption Control. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351206990.
Miller, Jennifer E., and William English. "Corruption." In Handbook of Global Bioethics, 599–618. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2512-6_106.
Rose-Ackerman, Susan. "Corruption." In Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy, 551–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75870-1_30.
Andersson, Staffan. "Corruption." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1178–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2354.
Rose-Ackerman, Susan. "Corruption." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, 517–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74173-1_99.
Miller, Jennifer E. "Corruption." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_124-1.
Graycar, Adam. "Corruption." In The Palgrave Handbook of Australian and New Zealand Criminology, Crime and Justice, 251–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55747-2_17.
Mugellini, Giulia. "Corruption." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_75-1.
Lisciandra, Maurizio. "Corruption." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 394–400. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2_702.
Lisciandra, Maurizio. "Corruption." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_702-1.
Ott, Jan. "Corruption." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1307–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_593.
Jovičić, Dragomir, and Gojko Šetka. "CORRUPTION IN NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON POLICE CORRUPTION." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p12.
Corruption is present in all spheres of society and it is a part of social development throughout history. The most dangerous corruption is performed by the members of higher layers of society. It is equally dangerous in economic and non-economic activities, but it seems more dangerous for a society when situated in a non-economic environment. Any social activity with corruptive behavior brings numerous negativities. It may be the most problematic when expressed in police activities, because, in such cases, it stimulates corruptive activities in other areas of society as well. Keywords: corruption, non-economic activity, police, economic crime, prevention, repression.
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Shurekova, Ksenia. "SOCIO-LEGAL ESSENCE OF CORRUPTION. SIGNS OF CORRUPTION. TYPE OF CORRUPTION." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/194-204.
The article deals with the problem of understanding corruption as a social and legal phenomenon. The author, taking into account the definition of the term "corruption", by applying such approaches to the definition of corruption as General and criminological, analyzed the main features of the corruption phenomenon and its types.
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Fajar, Arnie, and Chairul Muriman. "Prevention of Corruption through Anti-Corruption Education." In Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/acec-18.2018.145.
Lituhayu, Dyah, Sri Suwitri, Y. Warella, and Ida Hayu D.M. "Why Corruption?" In 6th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (ICOSAPS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201219.068.
Harrington, A. R. "Wave of corruption: corruption laws and water access." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws110311.
Khamdeev, Aydar Ruzalinovich. "NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION PLAN 2021-2024: ANTI-CORRUPTION EDUCATION." In Актуальные вопросы противодействия коррупции в публичном и частном секторах. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования "Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России)", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/9785604755105_118.
Sözen, İlyas, Ahmet Alkan Çelik, and Selahattin Sarı. "Corruption and Economic Liberty in Central Asian Republics (2001-2008)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00153.
The aim of this study is to examine, in the period between two global economic crises, the progress of economic freedom along with corruptions in Central Asian Republics, integrated into the free market economy according to “the Washington Consensus” since late 1990s. According to exportation of natural sources, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan together with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan all seemed to have entirely different economic structures. Basic macro economic variables, economic liberty indicators and corruption data covering the period of 2001-2008 are to be discussed. In the light of the outcomes of this study, it is observed that, while the social structure in the countries exporting natural sources is stronger, due to the authoritarian structures of the countries in both groups of countries, bureaucratic corruption increases consistently. As Central Asian Republics are in a state of unsuccessful transition into the market economy, the betterment in legislation does not debug the system called “limbo” (neither planned economy nor free market).
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Gries, Stefan, Marc Hesenius, and Volker Gruhn. "Cascading Data Corruption." In DEBS '17: The 11th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-based Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093742.3095092.
Malafeyev, O. A., S. A. Nemnyugin, D. Rylow, E. P. Kolpak, and Achal Awasthi. "Corruption dynamics model." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992358.
Rakhimova, Lilia Mukhametovna, Konstantin Denisovich Dubovoy, and Alexey Evgenievich Nagaytsev. "Corruption and gifts." In Современные тенденции социально-экономического развития предприятий, стран и регионов. Москва: Профессиональная наука, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54092/9781794815285_33.
Olken, Benjamin. Corruption Perceptions vs. Corruption Reality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12428.
Banerjee, Abhijit, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Rema Hanna. Corruption. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17968.
Kuhlmann, Stefan, Anne Beaulieu, and Andreas Weber. Epistemic corruption. Netherlands Graduate Research School of Science, Technology and Modern Culture, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/4.2666-2892.2021.03.
Garder, Lenore K. Corruption/Anti-Corruption in Afghanistan: A Selected Bibliography. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada549250.
Henderson, J. Vernon, and Ari Kuncoro. Corruption in Indonesia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10674.
Glaeser, Edward, and Raven Saks. Corruption in America. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10821.
Aghion, Philippe, Ufuk Akcigit, Julia Cagé, and William Kerr. Taxation, Corruption, and Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21928.
Bernheim, B. Douglas, and Navin Kartik. Candidates, Character, and Corruption. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16530.
Olken, Benjamin, and Rohini Pande. Corruption in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17398.
