Academic literature on the topic 'Corrosion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Corrosion"
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Hernández, Y., O. Troconis de Rincón, A. Torres, S. Delgado, J. Rodríguez, and O. Morón. "Relación entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y el ancho de fisuras en vigas de concreto armado expuestas a ambientes que simulan el medio marino." Revista ALCONPAT 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v6i3.152.
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Relación entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y el ancho de fisuras en vigas de concreto armado expuestas a ambientes que simulan el medio marino RESUMENEsta investigación presenta una relación empírica entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y la velocidad de ensanchamiento de fisuras por corrosión del recubrimiento de concreto en vigas, con o sin aplicación de carga. Se evaluaron vigas de concreto armado, expuestas a un proceso de corrosión natural mediante el rociado con solución salina al 3,5 %p/p de NaCl, para acelerar el proceso corrosivo de la armadura, mediante ensayos electroquímicos. El ancho de fisuras se evaluó mensualmente para estimar la relación existente entre éste y la pérdida de sección de la armadura. Los resultados demuestran que existe una relación directa entre la propagación del ancho de fisuras y la velocidad de corrosión, observando fisuras de mayor ancho en vigas cargadas.Palabras clave: corrosion; concreto armado; vigas cargadas; ancho de fisuras. Reinforcement corrosion rate and crack width relationship in concrete beams exposed to simulated marine environment ABSTRACTThis investigation presents an empirical correlation between the rebar corrosion rate and the corrosion-induced crack width propagation rate produced on beam's concrete cover, with or without load application to these beams. Reinforced concrete beams were evaluated, exposed to a natural corrosion process by spraying with 3.5 %w/w NaCl solution, to accelerate the rebar corrosion process, was performed with electrochemical tests. The beams corrosion-cracking evaluation was performed once every month, to determine the relation between crack width and the rebar corrosion loss. The results showed a direct relation between crack width propagation and rebar corrosion rate, showing wider cracks in the loaded beams.Keywords: corrosion; reinforced concrete; loaded beams; crack widths. Relação entre a velocidade de corrosão da armadura e a largura das fissuras em vigas de concreto armado expostas a ambientes que simulam o ambiente marinho RESUMOEsta pesquisa apresenta uma relação empírica entre a taxa de corrosão da armadura e a abertura de fissuras por efeito da corrosão da armadura em vigas de concreto, com ou sem aplicação de carga. Foram avaliadas vigas de concreto armado, expostas a um processo de corrosão natural por pulverização com solução salina a concentração de 3,5% de NaCl, para acelerar o processo de corrosão da armadura, mediante ensaios eletroquímicos. A abertura das fissuras foi avaliada mensalmente para estimar a relação entre ela e a perda de seção da armadura. Os resultados mostram que existe uma relação direta entre a propagação da abertura da fissura e a taxa de corrosão, observando a ocorrência de fissuras de maior abertura nas vigas sob carga.Palavras-chave: corrosão; vigas de concreto armado sob carga; abertura de fissuras.
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Sun, Ji Ku, Zong Jie Cao, De Jian Sun, and Yi Chen. "Characteristic of Corrosive Damages about Aircraft Structures in Service." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.316.
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In engineering practices, aircraft structures have been damaged due to the structural corrosion, the corrosive problem of aircrafts needs to call high attentions for researchers because aircraft structures are composed of metals and compound metals. In this paper, corrosion problems and structural reliability of aircraft structures are discussed. Corrosion morphology and mechanism of aircraft structures are analyzed based on metal corrosion theory. The characteristics of the various types of corrosions of aircraft structures have been enumerated. The effect of environments in corrosion process of aircraft structures is studied. The law of corrosion developed at aircraft structural parts or materials is summarized. This research contributes to improving professionals capacity of corrosion prevention and control. It also provides technical support for aircraft maintainers.
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Deepti, Shikha, and Awasthi Rita. "Corrossion Its Impact and Prevention." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 5 (August 12, 2017): 1172–76. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2451.
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Determination of functional and mechanical properties of metal owning to corrosion caused by moisture, chemicals, temperature and several environmental factors propels the demand for corrosion prevention and acid proof lining in numerous end -use industries. Corrosion preventive coatings are devised to protect structures from degradation caused due to exposure in extreme corrosive environment. By acting as a barrier between the materials and the corrosive environment, corrosion prevention coating or linings function as agents that enhance the life of structures by preventing their wear and tear. Deepti Shikha | Rita Awasthi "Corrossion: It's Impact and Prevention" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2451.pdf
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Yu, Zhu Huan, Jun Feng Qiang, and Hui Lu Li. "Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Different Graphite Shapes Cast Irons in Acidic Solution." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.275.
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The effect of graphite shapes on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of cast iron was studied by means of weight loss tests, electrochemical measurements and electron microscopy. It was found that the electrochemical corrosion behavior of graphite is significantly different from one other, and the corrosive potential difference between carbide ad the matrix is the main driving force of the different phase corrosions. Among them, the center A type and edge D type graphite exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. The corrosion of white iron is worst, because there are so many type carbides in white iron and so there is an obvious tendency to produce micro-cell in white iron.
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Mahecha-Gómez, Andrey Felipe, Claudia Patricia Mejía-Villagrán, and Jhon Jairo Olaya-Flórez. "Aplicación de una metodología mixta para la selección de materiales resistentes a la corrosión en medios ácidos y salinos." Respuestas 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.265.
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Objetivo: En este artículo se presenta una metodología mixta de selección de materiales para determinar qué material presenta la mejor relación entre resistencia a la corrosión, propiedades mecánicas y costos. Metodología: El trabajo se llevó a cabo utilizando pruebas potenciodinámicas de extrapolación (Tafel) e impedancia electroquímica (EIS), sometiendo las muestras a medios corrosivos de NaCl (3%) y H2SO4 (5%). Las muestras utilizadas fueron el cerámico Zirconia no sinterizada y los aceros AISI 304L, AISI 316 y AISI 316L. Finalmente se aplicó una metodología de selección de materiales para escoger el material que presenta mejor comportamiento en este tipo de medios. Resultados: Como resultado, para las pruebas de extrapolación Tafel con 5% de ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4), se obtuvo que el acero AISI 316 presenta la corriente de corrosión más baja y una pasivación a mayor potencia. En el medio electrolítico con 3%de NaCl, se observa que los valores de potencial de corrosión más altos se presentan en los aceros inoxidables, evidenciándose una menor velocidad de corrosión en los aceros de la serie 316. Conclusiones: Como resultado se obtuvo que el acero AISI 316 utilizado presenta el mejor comportamiento de resistencia a la corrosión en los medios Medios ácidos y salinos.Abstract Objective: This article presents a mixed materials selection methodology is presented to determine which material has the best balance between corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and costs. Methods: The work was realized using potentiodynamic tests of extrapolation (Tafel) and electrochemical impedance (EIS), subjecting the samples to corrosive media of NaCl (3%) and H2SO4 (5%). The samples used were zirconia, steel AISI 304L, AISI 316 and AISI 316L. Finally a mixed methodology was applied in the materials selection to choose the material that has better comportment in this type of electrolyte. Results: For Tafel extrapolation test with 5% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was obtained that AISI 316 steel which has the lowest current corrosion and passivation at higher power. In the electrolytic medium with 3 % NaCl, shows that higher values for corrosion potential present in stainless steels, showing a lower corrosion rate in the steels of the 316 series. Conclusions: The results showed that steel AISI 316 used presents the best performance to corrosion resistance in saline and acid.Palabras claves: Corrosión, Medios ácidos y salinos, Metodología mixta, Selección de materiales.
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Sun, Qi Lei, Li Zhang, Jie Dong, and Lu Hua He. "Study on Electrochemical Behavior of Prestressed Reinforcement in Simulated Concrete Solution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.917.
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Using electrochemical impedance spectroscop (EIS) and polarization curve technique, the electrochemical behavior of prestressed reinforcement under different stress levels was studied in simulated concrete solution. The results show that: As the stress increasing, the impedance spectroscopy changes significantly, the entire impedance spectroscopy shows an elongated semi-circular deformation, high-frequency capacitance arc radius corrosion decreases with the corrosion progress, in other words, the reaction resistance decreases, the corrosion rate of the sample increases. And when the galvanized steel is in 1064MPa stresss condition, corrosion current density reaches the maximum, is 9 times larger than that of none stress corrosions condition. Under the combined effects of the external stress and corrosive media, dislocation can be emitted, value-added and moves. When it reached a critical state, it would lead to the crack nucleation of Stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
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Meneses, R. S., J. M. Moro, R. R. Aveldaño, and N. F. Ortega. "Influencia del espesor del recubrimiento de elementos de hormigón armado expuestos a procesos de corrosión y sometidos a cargas externas." Revista ALCONPAT 6, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v6i2.134.
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Influencia del espesor del recubrimiento de elementos de hormigón armado expuestos a procesos de corrosión y sometidos a cargas externasRESUMENAl realizar estudios sobre corrosión en hormigón armado, es importante considerar en los ensayos, la acción de cargas externas, pues esta situación es la más frecuente en las estructuras. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados obtenidos al exponer a un proceso de corrosión acelerada, a vigas de hormigón armado sometidas a esfuerzos flexionales, materializados con cargas, que generan iguales tensiones de tracción en las armaduras corroídas. Las vigas se fabricaron con diferentes espesores de recubrimiento de las armaduras y con un hormigón de resistencia característica 25 MPa. Este estudio pone en evidencia la influencia del espesor de recubrimiento de las armaduras, sobre el proceso de corrosión y su manifestación externa (fisuración del recubrimiento), frente a las mismas solicitaciones mecánicas.Palabras claves: corrosión de armaduras traccionadas; recubrimiento; fisuración. Influence of the thickness of the coating of the elements of reinforced concrete exposed to corrosion processes and subjected to external loadsABSTRACTWhen studies are done in reinforced concrete, it is important to consider the action of external loads, since that is the most common situation in structures. In this study we present the results of exposing reinforced concrete beams to a process of accelerated corrosion, while under bending stresses caused by loads that generate equal tensile stresses on the corroded reinforcements. The beams were built with different cover thicknesses over the reinforcements, and with a 25 MPa characteristic resistance concrete. This study shows the influence of the cover thickness over the corrosion process and its external manifestation (cover cracking), under the same mechanical stress.Keywords: tension corrosion reinforcement; cover; cracking. Influência da espessura de cobrimento dos elementos de concreto armado expostos a processos de corrosão e submetidos a cargas externasRESUMOAo realizar estudos sobre corrosão em concreto armado, é importante considerar nos ensaios a ação de cargas externas, pois esta situação é mais frequente nas estruturas. Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados obtidos ao expor vigas de concreto armado a um processo de corrosão acelerada, submetidas a esforços de flexão materializados com cargas que geram tensões constantes de tração nas armaduras corroídas. As vigas foram elaboradas com diferentes espessuras de cobrimento das armaduras e com um concreto de resistência característica de 25MPa. Este estudo coloca em evidência a influência da espessura de cobrimento das armaduras, sobre o processo de corrosão e sua manifestação externa (fissuração do cobrimento), frente às mesmas solicitações mecânicas.Palavras-chave: corrosão de armaduras tracionadas; cobrimento; fissuração.
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Yang, Yanpeng, Xiaojuan Cao, Yang Li, Zhongchi Wang, Bingjie Li, Xudong Jiang, Junji Jia, and Chunxu Pan. "Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking in the Corrosion Transformation of Ancient Bronzes." Minerals 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080656.
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In general, during long-term museum conservation, ancient bronzes will generate new corrosion products also called the “secondary corrosion” on the surface of the unearthed “primary corrosion” products due to various environmental conditions. In this paper, the corrosion stages of several ancient Chinese bronzes are characterized by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometer (Raman). It is found that there exist phase transformation relationships in between the “primary corrosion” and the “secondary corrosion” stages (i.e., (1) the crystal lattice type tends to transform from a high symmetry system to a low symmetry system; (2) in case of the same crystal lattice type, the corrosions exhibit an inter-transformation or symbiosis). It is interesting to note that these transformation rules are very consistent with the well-known physical law of “spontaneous symmetry-breaking”, which won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics and also has been considered to be general law of nature, in addition to the principle of Gibbs free energy reduction. The significance of this discovery allows us to achieve the predictability and controllability of the bronze corrosion products (i.e., to predict the corrosive trends in advance and control the “second corrosion” by adjusting the conservation conditions. This research provides a novel conservation concept of ancient bronzes.
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Heo, Chang-Jae, Min-Gyun Ha, Chanhyun Park, and Jin-Hee Ahn. "Comparing Corrosion Damage Level and Corrosion Current in Acceleration Corrosion Testing under Corrosive Environment." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 5 (October 31, 2023): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.5.115.
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This study conducted an acceleration corrosion test based on ASTM G85-19 standards to evaluate the durability of both steel and paint-coating. The objective was to assess the relative corrosive deterioration based on variations in the corrosive environment. In the ASTM G85-19 test method, we systematically altered the concentration of chloride and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> to simulate different corrosive environmental conditions. The mean corrosion depth of the steel specimens was determined by quantifying weight throughout the acceleration cycle. Additionally, we measured the corrosion current output using the ACM sensor to validate the corrosive environmental condition corresponding to different acceleration cycle scenarios. Analysis of the results from the acceleration corrosion test revealed significant variations. The mean corrosion depth exhibited a range of 1.1 to 2.7-fold change, while the corrosion current showed fluctuations ranging from 1.2 to 5.7 times, contingent upon the conditions of the acceleration test, including the quantities of chloride and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> present.
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Cong, Shen, Ke Tong, Dong Feng Li, Zhi Xin Chen, and Ke Cai. "Leakage Failure Analysis of the ERW Steel Pipeline." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1224.
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This paper provides a thorough investigation on the leakage reason of the ERW steel pipeline in an oil field. Through appearance inspection, physicochemical inspection, metallographic inspection and scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was found that the main reason of corrosions was caused by residual liquid at the bottom of the pipeline and O2 and CO2 in the air pressure test. The corrosion medium was large volume of O2 and CO2 forming continuously saturated corrosive aqueous solution in small volume of residual liquid, and the corrosion type was the under-deposit corrosion. It is recommended to conduct hot air purging on the pipelined before pressure test for building pipelines in the future, and if the pipeline is not put into use in time, it is recommended to use nitrogen to maintain pressure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corrosion"
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Diaz, Tang Isabel. "Corrosion: inexorability versus durability." Revista de Química, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100474.
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En general, un material tenderá a corroerse espontáneamente en un determinado medio si los productos de corrosión son más estables que el material de partida, o si bajo las condiciones de exposición la corrosión resulta favorecida. En la práctica, lo que se busca es extender la vida útil de estructuras, equipos o dispositivos, es decir, mejorar su durabilidad.<br>In general, a material will tend to corrode in a specific environment when the corrosion products are more stable than the starting material or, when exposed to certain conditions, a corrosion process results favored. In general practice, the goal is to extend the service life of structures, equipment or devices, that is, to improve their durability.
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Mansur, Fabio Abud. "Corrosão de liga 800GN em ambiente do circuito secundário da Central Nuclear de Angra 2." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2015. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=340.
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Nenhuma<br>A liga 800GN (grau nuclear) é um material utilizado na fabricação de geradores de vapor para reatores de água pressurizada (PWR) de usinas nucleares devido à sua elevada resistência à corrosão. A resistência à corrosão da liga 800GN é devida ao caráter protetor da película de óxido formada na superfície do tubo em contato com a água pressurizada à alta temperatura. No entanto, a corrosão tem sido a principal causa de falhas nos tubos dos geradores de vapor de usinas nucleares. Os problemas gerados pela corrosão têm sido atribuídos a condições e excursões da química da água do circuito secundário, muitos dos quais resultantes da entrada de água de refrigeração do condensador no circuito secundário. A experiência adquirida em diferentes centrais nucleares mostra que a composição química da água tem um papel importante na manutenção da integridade da película protetora de óxido formada na superfície do tubo. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a resistência à corrosão por pites de tubos da liga 800GN, em meio similar ao do circuito secundário de um reator PWR contendo teores de contaminação por íons cloreto de 250 ppb, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm e 50 ppm. A susceptibilidade dos tubos de liga 800GN ao processo de corrosão por pites foi avaliada em célula eletroquímica à temperatura de 80 C e em autoclave à temperatura de 250 oC, empregando-se a técnica eletroquímica de polarização anódica potenciodinâmica cíclica. A observação da morfologia da superfície das amostras após os ensaios eletroquímicos foi realizada por meio de microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica por varredura e microanálise por EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry). A 80 C, a liga 800GN apresentou resistência à corrosão por pites, mesmo quando concentrações 5 ppm de Cl- foram adicionadas ao meio similar ao do ambiente secundário de um reator PWR. Corrosão por pites foi observada somente com a adição de 10 e 50 ppm de Cl-. Os ensaios eletroquímicos a 250 C mostraram que na condição normal de operação de um reator PWR e com a adição de 250 ppb de íons cloreto a liga 800GN exibiu elevada resistência à corrosão por pites, não ocorrendo nenhuma modificação na superfície do material. No entanto, ficou evidenciado que com a adição de 1 ppm de cloreto ao meio PWR iniciou-se uma modificação no filme passivo formado na superfície da liga 800GN.
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Yue, Jingyi. "Corrosion Behaviors of Coated Aluminum Alloys in Simulated Corrosive Environment." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1485.
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This study investigated the corrosion of an aluminum alloy with and without coatings under simulated corrosive environments. Coatings were selected and applied from commercial materials and techniques, consisting of microceramic, epoxy primer, and topcoat. The experiments for coated specimens were carried out under various corrosive conditions, specifically, hydrodynamic flow, immersion in salt water and DI water, varying temperatures, and simulated sun light. The hydrodynamic conditions were simulated using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) with rotational speeds of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 rpm. The immersion in saltwater and sunlight illumination tests were applied for 8 hours, and the simulated exterior temperature variation were cycled for 7 days. Polarization techniques were used to study the corrosion mechanism and calculate the corrosion rate of coated specimens under simulated salt water. Microstructure of coated specimens were identified by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscope (OM) analysis. Results indicated that corrosions in the simulated salt water were generally more serious than those in the distilled water. This was especially true for bare aluminum alloys, that its corrosion rates in the salt water exhibited two orders of magnitude higher than those in the DI water. The combination of an environmentally friendly electrodeposited ceramic coating with a primer and topcoat, which results in a chromium-free coating, exhibited a higher polarization resistance and a lower corrosion rate than the traditional chromate conversion coating combination. In addition, for all coated Al alloys, the corrosion rate increased with increasing rotation speed. For immersion portion, immersion in salt water accelerated the pitting corrosion process and increased the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy five times higher as compared to the samples without immersion. For the varying temperature portion, the rates of corrosion nearly doubled for bare and ceramic coated Al alloy, under varying temperature conditions for 7 days. Besides, addition of ionic liquid inhibitors, such as BMIMBR and BEIMCl, exhibited great improvement of corrosion resistances of aluminum alloy in the salt water. The corrosion rates of aluminum in the presence of inhibitors were almost one order of magnitude lower than that in the absence of inhibitors.
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Liberto, Rodrigo César Nascimento. "Corrosão-erosão da liga Cu10Ni-3Al-1, 3Fe em presença de íons cloreto, sulfeto e sulfato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-11082010-140806/.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a resistência à corrosão e as propriedades mecânicas da liga Cu10Ni-3Al-1,3Fe, nas condições solubilizada e envelhecida a 550°C. Foi também objetivo do trabalho identificar a microestrutura nestas condições de tratamento térmico. As propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas a partir de ensaios de tração e medidas de microdureza. Para caracterizar a resistência à corrosão e corrosão-erosão, foram realizados ensaios de polarização potenciodinâmica na condição estagnada e associada à erosão em 0,01M NaCl, 0,01M Na2SO4 e 0,0001M Na2S.9H2O. Para tanto, foi necessário elaborar a liga Cu10Ni-3Al-1,3Fe, por fundição em forno do tipo mufla. O lingote obtido foi solubilizado a 900ºC e laminado a frio. Posteriormente a chapa obtida foi novamente tratada a 900ºC por 1 h para garantir uma microestrutura homogênea de fase a. A partir desta chapa foram retiradas amostras para os tratamentos térmicos de envelhecimento por até 1.032 h a 550ºC. Os exames metalográficos mostraram intensa precipitação nas condições envelhecidas. Através dos ensaios de tração e medidas de microdureza, verificou-se que a presença dos precipitados melhora significativamente as propriedades mecânicas, sendo que os valores máximos de dureza, limite de escoamento e de resistência ocorrem para o tempo de 16 h de envelhecimento. Este efeito é decorrente de duas parcelas, uma dos precipitados intergranulares que se formam num processo de precipitação celular e a outra das partículas finamente dispersas (precipitados intragranulares). Em relação a resistência à corrosão, constatou-se que a liga, em todas as condições de tratamento térmico, apresenta um potencial de quebra (Eq) quando polarizada em eletrólitos que contém cloreto, sulfato ou sulfeto. Em 0,01M NaCl, o potencial Eq está relacionado com o processo de corrosão seletiva do níquel (desniquelação). Observou-se ainda que o envelhecimento provocou um aumento nos valores de Eq, sendo mais evidente para as amostras envelhecidas por 2 e 1.032 h. Nos ensaios de corrosão-erosão (realizados apenas nas condições solubilizada e envelhecida por 16 h), também ocorre o potencial Eq, mas os valores são mais baixos. Nestes casos foram observadas cavidades, que não estão relacionadas com o processo de corrosão seletiva, mas sim com o processo de erosão. Nos eletrólitos de 0,01M Na2SO4 e 0,0001M Na2S.9H2O o potencial Eq está relacionado com a formação de cavidades (pites), e não com o processo de corrosão seletiva. Nestes eletrólitos, não foi observada qualquer dependência entre Eq e o envelhecimento da liga, diferentemente do verificado em 0,01M NaCl, onde o envelhecimento proporcionou um efeito benéfico. Igualmente, não houve diferenças significativas nos valores de Eq quando o material foi submetido à corrosão-erosão.<br>The present work evaluated the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Cu10Ni-3Al-1.3Fe cupronickel alloy, in the solution-treated and 550°C aged conditions. It was also objective of the work to identify the microstructural changes in these conditions of aging treatment. Mechanical properties were evaluated through microhardness and tension tests; to evaluate the corrosion and corrosion-erosion resistance, potenciodynamic polarization tests were done in the stagnated condition and polarization associated to erosion in 0.01M NaCl, 0.01M Na2SO4 or 0.0001M Na2S.9H2O. The alloy had been casting and solution treated at 900°C, and after that cold rolled. From cold rolled sheet, specimens were solution treated at 900°C for 1 h, and aged at 550°C until 1,032 hours. The microstructural exams showed precipitation in the aged samples. The microhardness and tension tests showed that the presence of precipitates improve the mechanical properties, and the maximum value of hardness was obtained after 16 h of aging at 550°C. This effect is related to two microstructural aspects, one regarding intergranular precipitates that were formed by cellular precipitation and other related to the presence of finely dispersed intragranular precipitation. Concerning corrosion resistance, it was verified that the alloy, in all conditions, presented a break potential (Eq) when polarized in the tested solutions. In 0.01M NaCl, Eq is related with the process of selective corrosion of the nickel (denickelification). It was observed although that aging increased the values of Eq, being more evident for the aged samples for 2 and 1,032 h. The corrosion-erosion tests (just accomplished in the conditions solution-treated and aged by 16 h), also presented Eq, but the values were lower. In these cases cavities were observed, however not related to the process of selective corrosion, but to the erosion process. The tests in 0.01M Na2SO4 or 0.0001M Na2S.9H2O showed that Eq is related with the formation of cavities (pits), and not with the process of selective corrosion. In these solutions was not observed dependence between Eq and the aging time, differently of the verified in 0.01M NaCl, where the aging provided a beneficial effect. There were not significant differences in the values of Eq when the material was submitted to the corrosion-erosion in the solutions (0.01M Na2SO4 and 0.0001M Na2S.9H2O).
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Jonsson, Sanna. "Corrosion of zinc in the automotive environment ‐ Relation Between Corrosion Rate, Corrosion Products and Exposure Site." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158494.
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In a previous project, mobile exposures in road environments have been performed in various areas of the world. A number of materials and coatings have been attached under trailers which travels long distances in different types of road environments. One of the materials, zinc, demonstrated various corrosion rates in different parts of the world. In this investigation two various accelerated corrosion tests have been performed at the laboratory of Swerea Kimab in order to realize parameter influence on zinc. Even though the corrosion rates are known, the relation to formed corrosion products has not been investigated earlier. In the present study, corrosion products on zinc have been analyzed using XRD and FTIR. The results from analyses of formed corrosion products have been evaluated together with measured corrosion rates, both from the mobile exposure and the accelerated tests, in order to try to understand under what conditions certain corrosion products are formed and how it affects the corrosion rate. A cold humid climate was found to be the most corrosive. In these environments, de ‐icing salts are used which promotes formation of Simonkolleite and in a subsequent step; Gordaite (if there is a not negligible deposition rate of SO2/SO42‐) which is often observed as the end product in marine environments.
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Colares, Regilany Paulo. "Estudo da inibiÃÃo da corrosÃo do zinco por Ãons inorgÃnicos ecologicamente amigÃveis: molibdato, tungstato, silicato e fosfato." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5940.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>O cromato à amplamente utilizado como inibidor de corrosÃo. No entanto, Ã
altamente tÃxico e carcinogÃnico, o que tem levado pesquisadores a buscarem
alternativas ecologicamente amigÃveis a este inibidor. Dentre estes, molibdato,
tungstato, silicato e fosfato surgem como potenciais candidatos por apresentarem
propriedades inibidoras e serem atÃxicos. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo
desenvolver um estudo sistemÃtico dos Ãons como inibidores da corrosÃo do Zn. Foram
utilizadas soluÃÃes aquosas de NaCl 10-1 mol dm-3 com concentraÃÃes dos inibidores
variando de 10-4 a 10-1 mol dm-3
. A eficiÃncia destes com relaÃÃo à corrosÃo do Zn foi
avaliada empregando-se medidas do potencial a circuito aberto, curvas de polarizaÃÃo
potenciodinÃmica e espectroscopia de impedÃncia eletroquÃmica. As tÃcnicas de
Microscopia EletrÃnica de Varredura (MEV), Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX),
DifraÃÃo de Raios-X (DRX) e Espectroscopia FotoeletrÃnica de Raios-X (XPS) foram
usadas para caracterizar o Zn apÃs os ensaios de corrosÃo. Todos os Ãnions estudados
inibiram a corrosÃo do Zn. Com as tÃcnicas de caracterizaÃÃo foi possÃvel identificar a
presenÃa de filmes superficiais de silicato, tungstato, molibdato e fosfato na superfÃcie
do Zn apÃs os ensaios de corrosÃo nas respectivas soluÃÃes contendo os inibidores<br>The chromate is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor. However, it is highly toxic
and carcinogenic, which has done researchers to study environmentally friendly
alternatives to this inhibitor. Among these, molybdate, tungstate, silicate and
phosphate anions appear as potential candidates because they are non toxic.
Thus, this work aims to develop a systematic study to investigate molybdate,
tungstate, silicate and phosphate as corrosion inhibitors of zinc. Aqueous
solutions of 10-1 mol dm-3 NaCl were used and the concentrations of the
inhibitors ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 mol dm-3. The corrosion studies were carried
out by open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic linear polarization
and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Dispersive Energy (XDE), X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
and X-Ray Photoelectronic Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were used to
characterize the Zn after the corrosion tests. All the studied anions inhibited the
zinc corrosion. The characterization techniques made possible to detect the
presence of molybdate, silicate, tungstate and phosphate on the zn surface after
the corrosion tests in the solution containing the corresponding inhibitors
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Seong, Jinwook. "Inhibition of Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized AA5083." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429701294.
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Verdier, Stéphane. "Corrosion et protection anti-corrosion de l'alliage de magnésium AM60." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0030.
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Nous avons étudié la corrosion de l'alliage de magnésium AM60 d'un point de vue microstructural et à l'aide de méthodes électrochimiques, dans une solution saturée de magnésie, et en milieu chlorure de sodium. Pour limiter la corrosion de l'alliage AM60 ou pour améliorer l'adhérence des revêtements rganiques, nous avons étudié deux traitements de surface. Le premier, à base de fluorure de irconium ou de titane entraîne la formation d'un film par réaction acide-base à l'interface métal-électrolyte. La structure et la composition du film obtenu ont été analysées par Microscopie Electronique à Balayage (MEB) ainsi que par Spectroscopie de Photo-électrons X (XPS). Ce traitement de surface ne protège pas l'alliage AM60 de la corrosion. Un second traitement de surface par anodisation plasma a été développé. Nous avons étudié a formation du film ainsi que sa structure et sa composition (MEB, Diffraction des rayons X). La résistance à la corrosion est faiblement améliorée par ce traitement.
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Yan, Yu. "Corrosion and tribo-corrosion behaviour of metallic orthopaedic implant materials." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1400/.
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Since the introduction of medical implants into human bodies, corrosion and wear have been regarded as key issues for their long-term durability. There has been a recent renewed interest in the use of large diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) hips, primarily because of the reduced volumetric wear compared with the wellestablished polyethylene-on-metal joints. Long term durability of MoM joints relies on control of both their corrosion resistance (relating to ion release) and wear behaviour (relating to creation of nanometre-scale wear debris). Concerns about the potential risk of released metal ions to the biological environment (patient) are of great importance. In this respect tribocorrosion is a serious consideration in joint performance. An integrated electrochemical cell on a reciprocating tribo-meter was employed to evaluate the corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour in a protein rich solution (Bovine Serum), a cell culture solution (DMEM) and a saline solution (NaCI) with the attempt to isolate the organic species effects. Three commonly used orthopaedic materials were involved in this study. A High Carbon Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy, a Low Carbon Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum and UNS S31603 Stainless Steel (316L). A range of electrochemical methods were used in the assessment of materials under biotribocorrosion systems and results were supported by surface analysis and bulk solution analysis techniques. The material degradation rate is strongly dependent upon the charge transfer (corrosion), the mechanical damage (tribology) and also their interactions (tribocorrosion) in these simulated biological environments.
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Norman, C. F. W. "Corrosion of aluminium." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374581.
Full textBooks on the topic "Corrosion"
1
Revie, R. Winston. Corrosion and Corrosion Control. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.
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2
Robert, Baboian, and Treseder R. S, eds. NACE corrosion engineer's reference book. 3rd ed. Houston, TX: NACE International, 2002.
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3
Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosive Degradation of Ceramics (1989 Anaheim, Calif.). Corrosion and corrosive degradation of ceramics. Westerville, Ohio: American Ceramic Society, 1990.
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1930-, Buchanan R. A., ed. Fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2000.
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Federation, International Dairy, ed. Corrosion. Brussels: International Dairy Federation, 1988.
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L, Shreir L., Jarman R. A, and Burstein G. T, eds. Corrosion. 3rd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.
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L, Shreir L., Burstein G. T, and Jarman R. A, eds. Corrosion. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993.
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Revie, R. Winston. Corrosion and corrosion control: An introduction to corrosion science and engineering. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley, 2008.
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1944-, Revie R. Winston, ed. Corrosion and corrosion control: An introduction to corrosion science and engineering. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Corrosion"
1
Tidblad, Johan, Vladimir Kucera, and Susan Sherwood. "Corrosion Corrosion." In The Effects of Air Pollution on Cultural Heritage, 53–103. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84893-8_3.
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Nagy, András. "Corrosion Loads, Corrosion Resistance, Corrosion-Proof Design." In Foundations of Engineering Mechanics, 7–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31226-7_2.
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Maaß, Peter. "Corrosion and Corrosion Protection." In Handbook of Hot-Dip Galvanization, 1–19. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527636884.ch1.
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Böllinghaus, Thomas, Michael Rhode, and Thora Falkenreck. "Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance." In Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering, 185–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47035-7_6.
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Mothersille, Devon, Donald A. Bruce, and Stuart Littlejohn. "Corrosion and corrosion protection." In Grouted Soil and Rock Anchors, 133–217. London: CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003127352-4.
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V. Chopda, Lakha. "Small Organic Molecule as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mitigating Metal Corrosion." In Introduction to Corrosion - Basics and Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110161.
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Metal corrosion constitutes degradation of metals in the presence of favorable corrosive atmosphere. It worsens metal quality. The prevention of metal corrosion is so significant to save metals for their better utility. Corrosion inhibitors are widely used for the mitigation of metal corrosion. Small organic molecules as corrosion inhibitors are showed prominent corrosion inhibitive property because of their unique electron donating capacity to the metal orbitals. The bonding occurred between organic molecules and metals are main aspect to retard the corrosive environment toward metal.
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Akramian Zadeh, Sajjad. "Erosion-corrosion." In Introduction to Corrosion - Basics and Advances. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109106.
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Generally, almost all components moving near a corrosive fluid hitting the material surface are exposed to corrosive erosions. Meanwhile, transmission pipes of gas, oil, and water, the transmission lines of corrosion fluid in the industrial reactor, and heat exchange systems are suffering significantly from the erosion-corrosion phenomenon. Erosion-corrosion can generate material loss much greater than the sum of the pure erosion and the pure corrosion individually due to the interaction between them. Erosion-corrosion in aqueous systems is dominated by two major mechanisms: electrochemical corrosion and mechanical erosion. On account of the greater material loss than the sum of their components, the interaction between electrochemical and mechanical processes has been recognized in many works, and they have been referred to as “Synergistic” and “Additive” effects. The so-called synergistic effect is normally used to describe how corrosion can enhance erosion, while the so-called additive effect refers to the mechanism by which erosion can enhance corrosion. In general, the influencing parameters in this process include: the solid sand particles (mass, hardness, density, size, shape, velocity, and impact angle), target material (hardness, metallographic structure, strength, ductility, and toughness), and the environment (slurry composition, flow velocity, and temperature).
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"Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments." In Corrosion of Weldments, 43–75. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820043.
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Abstract Austenitic stainless steels exhibit a single-phase, face-centered cubic structure that is maintained over a wide range of temperatures. This chapter provides a basic understanding of grade designations, properties, and welding considerations of austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses general types of corrosive attack and their effects on service integrity as well as detection and control measures. The five corrosive attack mechanisms covered are intergranular corrosion, preferential attack associated with weld metal precipitates, pitting and crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and microbiologically influenced corrosion.
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Esmacher, Olivia, Deeparekha Narayanan, Marcelo Paredes, and Homero Castaneda. "Corrosion Behavior Assessment and Comparison of UNS S31603 Stainless Steel, Nickel-titanium Shape Memory Alloy, and Al2Cr5Cu5Fe53Ni35 High-entropy Alloy in Biomedical Environments." In Advances in Biomedical Corrosion: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions, 117–28. AMPP, Association for Materials Protection and Performance15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX 77084, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/37688-corrosion.
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Electrochemical characterization was performed on near-equiatomic nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (SMA), Al2Cr5Cu5Fe53Ni35 high entropy alloy (HEA), and UNS S31603 stainless steel to assess and compare the corrosion behavior and resistance of the material in simulated biomedical environments. A simulated bio-fluid (SBF) electrolyte was used to study the chemical and temperature-controlled parameters that the alloys experienced when they were exposed to corrosion conditions. Electrochemical testing, such as EIS and LPR tests, was performed to observe the response of the material under a range of conditions. Cyclic polarization tests were performed on all three materials to determine and compare passive to active behavior. Different performance vs. conditions correlations were described by using high-resolution surface techniques such as SEM following electrochemical testing resulting in some interfacial active-passive mechanisms.
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Amrousse, Rachid, Hajar Jabri, Zakaria Harimech, Ahmed Bachar, Assia Mabrouk, Nabil Souhair, and Seitkhan Azat. "Corrosion in Space." In Sustainability, Safety, and Applications of Nanomaterials-Based Corrosion Inhibitors, 168–85. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7640-9.ch008.
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Corrosion poses a significant challenge to materials utilized in space exploration and propulsion systems. The harsh environmental conditions present in space, including extreme temperatures, vacuum, and radiation, exacerbate the corrosion process, leading to material degradation and potential mission failures. The degradation of materials due to corrosion can lead to mechanical failures, leaks, and electrical malfunctions. To address these challenges, several projects are underway to investigate the mechanisms of corrosion in space environments and develop effective mitigation strategies. These projects encompass experimental studies, computational modeling, and advanced material testing techniques aimed at understanding the complex interplay between space conditions and material degradation. Moreover, researchers are exploring the use of corrosion-resistant coatings to protect spacecraft surfaces from corrosive elements. Furthermore, advancements in nanotechnology are being leveraged to engineer self-healing materials capable of repairing corrosion-induced damage autonomously.
Conference papers on the topic "Corrosion"
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Zamanzadeh, Mehrooz, Peyman Taheri, George T. Bayer, Julian Hristov, and Kevin Groll. "AC Interference Corrosion, Corrosive Soil, Design Issues, Zinc Ribbon and Corrosion Mitigation." In CORROSION 2019, 1–15. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12828.
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Absrract A brief description of high voltage (HV) alternating current (AC) interference on buried coated pipelines is provided. Computer simulation for AC interference will be discussed. Relative ranking for: Separation distance, HVAC phase current, soil resistivity, co-location length and crossing angle will be provided and discussed. The case history portion of the paper includes an investigation that illustrated the problems inherent in AC mitigation with zinc ribbon in corrosive soils.
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Place, Morris C. "Corrosion Inhibition for Severely Corrosive Gas Wells." In CORROSION 1990, 1–18. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90266.
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Abstract The production of the Mississippi deep sour gas presented severe corrosion problems. This paper outlines the techniques used to solve those problems, the key components of a successful continuous inhibition system and the application of this technology to a wide variety of severe corrosion problems. The keys to a successful inhibition system are corrosion inhibition, phase behavior, system solvency and, where necessary, desulfurization.
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An, Biwen Annie, Eric Deland, and Andrea Koerdt. "Novel Multiport Flow-Column Corrosion Monitoring System (MFC) Revealed High Corrosion Rates by Corrosive Methanogenic Archaea." In CORROSION 2021, 1–12. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16303.
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Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a complex and costly issue that is often attributed to the activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) mainly because of their abilities to produce hydrogen sulfide. Other groups of MIC-related microorganisms, including methanogenic archaea (MA), are often underrepresented due to inadequate monitoring techniques. The main MIC mechanism of MA is through the direct uptake of electrons from the metal surfaces since their metabolic product, methane, is unreactive. To accurately study their MIC potential, a versatile multiport flow-column (MFC) was developed. The MFC revealed an extensive corrosion rate profile for the corrosive MA, with a maximum corrosion rate of 0.38 mm/yr and an average corrosion rate of 0.17 mm/yr at neutral pH. In comparison, the corrosive SRB in the MFC reached an average corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/yr. At low pH, the average corrosion rate of MA was 0.17 mm/yr but with a maximum of 1.57 mm/yr. Surface analyses of the corrosion layer showed that iron carbonate is not the sole corrosion product of methanogen-induced MIC (Mi-MIC). Overall, this study highlighted the importance of using environmentally relevant study techniques to accurately depict the corrosion potential of MIC, especially for Mi-MIC.
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Zamanzadeh, Mehrooz, Clinton Char, George T. Bayer, Peyman Taheri, and Anil Kumar Chikkam. "Corrosion Risk Assessment, Load Considerations and Corrosion Engineering Solutions for Aging Structures That Exhibit Accelerated Corrosion in Corrosive Environments." In CONFERENCE 2023, 1–15. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19543.
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Abstract This paper is a review of the corrosion risk assessment, structural considerations, and engineering solutions for the steel reinforced structural elements within an aging building that exhibit accelerated corrosion in corrosive environments. We will discuss various factors that affect the remaining life of the structure including structural issues, concrete cover, and accelerated corrosion due to chlorides and carbonation. One or more combinations of these factors could potentially result in the progressive failure and eventual collapse of an aging building. The authors will provide case histories and guidelines on how to protect the corroded reinforcements with corrosion engineering solutions that are not as costly as replacement. These include cathodic protection and protective coatings.
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Pobjoy, Robert. "Engine Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–6. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9614.
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Corrosion and corrosion prevention all have maintenance challenges and associated costs. The cost of preventative maintenance (which includes equipment), the cost of repair/overhaul and the potential cost of engine component mechanical breakdown that is due to corrosion. Ultimately, the benefits of having an intimate understanding of how corrosion occurs can lead to the correct decision making when participating in corrosion prevention measures. This paper will focus on the different types of operating environment, the types of internal and external corrosion, the materials and coatings used, the documented effects of good versus poor maintenance practices and the dispelling of some of the myths regarding maintenance philosophies in the different operational environments.
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Liu, Yingkun, Lei Zhang, Wei Cui, Huixin Li, and Minxu Lu. "Pre-corrosion Surface and Corrosion Product on Corrosion Inhibitor Effectiveness." In CORROSION 2015, 1–10. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05906.
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Abstract The inhibition effect of a kind of imidazoline base inhibitor on the corrosion of carbon steel under various conditions of pre-corrosion was studied using autoclave. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the steel surface. The results indicate the influence of pre-corrosion status on the corrosion rate and the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitor. Different kinds of corrosion products on the steel surface will play an important role on and significantly affect the inhibition effect.
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Kuribara, T., N. Nagai, I. Nishida, T. Yoshino, K. Watanabe, and K. Takahashi. "New Corrosion Inhibition Approach under High Corrosive Condition in Cooling Water Systems." In CORROSION 2015, 1–12. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05661.
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Abstract Make up water for cooling water systems is diversifying because water shortage becomes serious issue in many countries. Recently RO treated water and process condensate have started to be used as make up water. Calcium hardness in make up water forms corrosion protection film on metal surface in cooling water. But RO treated water and process condensate are contained few calcium hardness. Therefore they show high corrosivity in comparison with normal fresh water. Phosphate and zinc have been generally used for corrosion inhibitor of heat exchanger tubes and piping in cooling water systems. Under high corrosive condition, it is necessary to increase these components concentration for improvement of corrosion inhibition effect. But discharge regulations of plants are becoming severe to reduce environmental impact. Corrosion inhibition program is required to reduce phosphate and zinc concentration under high corrosive condition. To solve the problems mentioned above, the functions of low molecular weight polymer were focused on. Low molecular weight polymer is normally used for cooling water systems to prevent scaling. New polymer which can form corrosion protection film on rusting area rapidly was developed. Corrosion and scale inhibitor which was blended new polymer showed superior corrosion inhibition effect than conventional inhibitors. Furthermore this polymer can decrease phosphate and zinc concentration under high corrosive condition in cooling water systems.
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Bäßler, Ralph, Helena Alves, Margit Weltschev, and Matthias Langer. "Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 31 and 59 in Highly Corrosive Dangerous Goods." In CORROSION 2010, 1–14. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10340.
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Abstract Alloy 31 (UNS N08031, X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7) is a superaustenitic iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with nitrogen addition filling the gap between existing stainless steels and nickel alloys. Alloy 59 (UNS N06059, NiCr23Mo16Al) with a high chromium, molybdenum and nickel content possesses excellent resistance not only to reducing but also to oxidizing chemicals. Both are already in use as shell materials for tank vehicles or tank containers. They allow the transport of quite more chemicals and especially waste mixtures than when using common austenitic steels. Another advantage is the reduction of required inspections of the transport tanks. In Germany the “BAM-List - Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for the carriage of dangerous goods undertaken by BAM, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods and water-polluting substances are published in the BAM-List. Due to the large number of dangerous goods in the BAM-List the established corrosion test program with welded specimens of these higher-alloyed materials is being continued. Various acid mixtures were added to the exposures of the two materials at 55 °C. Other corrosive test substances are different organic an inorganic halogenides, peroxyacetic acid, and molten substances. In case of molten chemicals and due to other practical reasons the test temperature is increased to more than 100 °C. The test results, presented in this paper, are already included in the current edition of the BAM-List and therefore available to the costumer.
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Weltschev, Margit, Ralph Baessler, Helmut Werner, and Helena Alves. "Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 31 and 59 in Highly Corrosive Dangerous Goods." In CORROSION 2008, 1–18. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08180.
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Abstract Alloy 31 (X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7) is an iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with nitrogen addition which fills the gap between the existing stainless steels and the nickel alloys. Alloy 59 (NiCr23Mo16Al) with a high chromium, molybdenum and nickel content possesses excellent resistance not only to reducing but also to oxidizing chemicals. The superaustenitic steel alloy 31 and the nickel alloy 59 were already used as shell materials for tank vehicles or tank container. The use of these alloys allows the transport of quite more chemicals and especially waste mixtures than the use of the common austenitic steels. Another advantage is the extension of the test intervals of the transport tanks. In Germany the “BAM-List – Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for the carriage of dangerous goods undertaken by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic material groups (including alloy 31 and 59) as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods and water-polluting substances are published in the BAM-List. Due to the large number of dangerous goods in the BAM-List the corrosion test program with welded specimens of these higher-alloyed materials has been extended including mixtures both of nitric acid/sulfuric acid and of nitric acid/phosphoric acid and others. In case of molten chemicals the test temperature is increased to more than 100 °C. The test results, presented in this paper, are included in current edition of the BAM-List and therefore available for the customer.
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Hettiarachchi, S., and A. T. Gaynor. "Corrosion Inhibitors for Rebar Corrosion Control." In CORROSION 1991, 1–11. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91117.
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Abstract This paper describes a feasibility study on the injection of synergistic corrosion inhibitors for protection of concrete bridge components against corrosion. During this study corrosion inhibitors were developed that can be electrically injected into concrete matrices by an in situ technique. The results showed that such inhibitor injection can provide adequate corrosion protection to rebars embedded in chloride contaminated concrete. It was demonstrated that inhibitors injected can provide 78-85% corrosion protection for the rebars. Important advantages of this technology as against cathodic protection are its novelty and nondestructive nature and the lack of necessity for a permanent installation.
Reports on the topic "Corrosion"
1
Glasscott, Matthew, and Jason Ray. Accelerated corrosion of infrastructural seven-strand cables via additively manufactured corrosion flow cells. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47606.
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The purpose of this project was to generate an accelerated corrosion methodology capable of producing seven-strand cables with simulated corrosive defects for calibration of nondestructive analysis (NDA) techniques. An additively manufactured accelerated corrosion cell was motivated and designed. Previous attempts at accelerated electrochemical corrosion used a large cable area with a current density that was too low (i.e., 1 A/m²)* to effectuate efficient corrosion. The accelerated corrosion cell presented here takes advantage of the restricted area within the corrosion flow cell to maximize the corrosion rate in a consistent and calibrated manner (i.e., 2,000 A/m²).
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Gartland. L52079 Internal Corrosion in Dry Gas Pipelines During Upsets. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011313.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of the present project has been to develop a computer program, named GasCor, that can be used to estimate the corrosion related risk of operating dry gas pipelines under conditions where upsets may occur. An upset is here considered as an event that may cause corrosive liquid water to be present in some part of the pipeline within a certain time period. The computer program is meant to be a screening tool that can assist in the evaluation of the severity of the corrosion rate as well as in the location of the positions where the most significant corrosion is to be expected. The latter may be of importance for the planning of an inspection program.
3
F. Hua and K. Mon. General Corrosion and Localized Corrosion of the Drip Shield. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836516.
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F. Hua. General Corrosion and Localized Corrosion of the Drip Shield. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839519.
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Dr. Russ Braunling. Corrosion Monitoring System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881266.
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Stoner, Debra L. Corrosion Control Climatology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202477.
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Duque, Juan, and Joshua Narlesky. GRING18 Corrosion Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764186.
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Yunovich and Thompson. L52098 AC Corrosion. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011100.
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Sridhar, Song, and Nored. L52227 Guidelines-Quality Standards for Transportation of Gas Containing Mixed Corrosive Constituents. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010901.
Full textAbstract:
Gas quality specifications are set for commercial considerations and are influenced by several engineering factors including preventing corrosion, preventing blockages from freezing and hydrates, and the heating value of the gas. The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) Enforcement Manual for internal corrosion control states that the operator should have a procedure to determine if the gas is corrosive. Violation exists if (1) the corrosive potential of the gas is not determined by appropriate tests, and (2) suitable monitoring methods are not used to determine the effectiveness of steps taken to minimize internal corrosion. The enforcement manual specifically calls for testing of the gas stream for oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water content. Gas quality requirements differ between companies and sometimes business units, and no industry standard exists to address the issue. The results of this project were the development and approval of a guideline document, including a decision flow diagram, for accepting/rejecting gas for use by company materials/corrosion personnel. The gas quality acceptance guidance is a component of the overall approach to internal corrosion management. The three major components of internal corrosion management are gas quality data and acceptance that sets the basic parameters for internal corrosion, corrosion mitigation and monitoring that alleviates problems engendered by accepting gas of less than ideal quality, and risk assessment (including ICDA) that identifies and prioritizes monitoring and inspection of internal corrosion.
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Sridhar, Yang, and Song. 4VRVLN6 Effects of Solids and Biofilms on Dewpoint and Corrosion in Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011265.
Full textAbstract:
Internal corrosion occurs where water or other corrosive electrolyte accumulates. This is the principle used in Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA). Although ICDA focuses on nominally dry gas with episodes of water upset, the well accepted criteria for dry gas (e.g., water less than 7 lb/MMCF) may be significantly influenced by the presence of bacterial biofilms and hygroscopic solids, such as iron oxide corrosion products and some salts. Therefore, understanding the changes in dew point induced by the presence of these compounds is necessary to better quantify gas quality requirements. The Multielectrode Array Sensor (MAS) probe, originally developed and patented by SwRI was used to study the effect of biofilms and corrosion products on corrosion in high pressure gas mixtures. The project demonstrated that: (i) the MAS probe is sensitive in detecting localized corrosion in wet gas streams at pipeline pressures; (ii) the corrosion rate is sensitive to gas composition/quality; (iii) the presence of biofilm and corrosion products affected the dew point but the current water content specifications for gas are sufficiently conservative that this decrease in dew point is not a concern; and (iv) the corrosion under the biofilm once initiated at high humidity levels did not decrease even upon decrease of humidity to levels lower than needed to initiate corrosion.