Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Corrélations en impulsion'
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Dupieux, Pascal. "Etude des corrélations proton-proton à petite impulsion relative dans les collisions Ne + noyaux avec le détecteur DIOGENE." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21103.
Full textMistretta, Jean. "Ensemble de mesure pour les corrélations de particules légères à faible impulsion relative : mise en oeuvre et premiers résultats." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10131.
Full textMostefaï, M'Hamed. "Étude des collisions centrales dans les réactions induites par ions lourds aux énergies intermédiaires par la méthode des corrélations angulaires des fragments de fission." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112196.
Full textHeavy ion collisions are studied in the ferrmi energy domain by means of the angular correlation method which allows to determine the amount of transferred linear momentum. Fragment mass measurements permit to deduce the excitation energies reached in the residual nuclei. The present results essentially deal with reactions, induced on a thorium Target by an argon beam from 31 to 44 mev per nucleon and by a nickel beam from 20 to 30 mev per nucleon. With the thorium target, the angular correlations show two components, One due to the sequential fission of the target, the ether due to the central collisions, the contribution of which decreases with the incident energy. The transferred linear momentum for these central collisions does not correspond to the full transfer but shows a limitation well reproduced by a simple model taking into account the nucleon-nucleon interaction and by a preequilibrium emission model. This last calculation predicts also the excitation energies and the mass of the composite systems in agreement with the mass measurements. The shapes of the angular correlations and their evolution with bombarding energy are qualitatively explained through an abrasion-ablation model. However, the experimental data do not permit a discrimination between an excitation energy limitation in the residual nuclei and entrance channel properties to be responsible of the central collision disappearance. One suggests an explanation of the high transfers in terms of two mechanisms: one due to peripheral collisions stable with the incident energy, the other one arising from central collisions for which the larger compression would lower the critical temperature and so decrease the cross section
Marchand, Claude. "Étude des fonctions de réponse électromagnétiques et des distributions en moment des protons de grande impulsion dans le noyau d'hélium-3 étudiées par diffusion inélastique d'électrons." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112236.
Full textThis thesis presents the study of two aspects of the helium-3 nuclear structure by deep-inelastic electron scattering longitudinal and trans- verse response functions and high proton momentum components. From inclusive (e,e') cross sections measurements at incident energies between 120 and 667 MeV, we have separated the two electromagnetic response functions for momentum transfers 250 ≤ q ≤ 650 MeV/c and energy transfers 0 ≤ ω ≤ 450 MeV, covering the quasi-elastic region and part of the delta (1232) excitation. They are satisfactorily reproduced by recent calculations including final state interactions and meson exchange currents. Contrary to medium and heavy nuclei, the Coulomb sum rule is saturated for q 500 MeV/c. The longitudinal response tails off beyond the quasi-elastic peak, what confirms the transverse character of meson exchange currents and delta excitation in nuclei. The measurement of exclusive (e,e'p) cross sections at 560 MeV incident energy allowed us a "direct" determination of the proton momentum distributions from 300 to 600 MeV/c for both pd and ppn break-up channels. The obtained data are well reproduced by recent wave function calculations and do not indicate excess of high momentum components. The study of the ppn break-up clearly indicates that the high proton momentum components in helium-3 are dominated by two-nucleon processes, mainly medium and short range nucleon-nucleon correlations. Arguments in favour of this thesis are twofold : kinematical displacement of missing energy spectra and dynamical comparison of proton momentum distributions in helium-3 and deuteron
Jacqmin, Thibaut. "Mesures de corrélations dans un gaz de bosons unidimensionnel sur puce." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779447.
Full textBureik, Jan-Philipp. "Number statistics and momentum correlations in interacting Bose gases." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP014.
Full textThis thesis work is dedicated to the study of number statistics and momentum correlations in interacting lattice Bose gases. The Bose-Hubbard model is simulated by loading Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of metastable Helium-4 atoms into a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice. This model exhibits a quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator that is driven by interaction-induced quantum fluctuations. The objective of this work is to comprehend the role of these quantum fluctuations by analyzing their signatures in momentum space. The original detection scheme employed towards this aim provides the single-particle resolved momentum distribution of the atoms in 3D. From such datasets made up of thousands of individual atoms, the number statistics of occupation of different sub-volumes of momentum space yield information about correlation or coherence properties of the interacting Bose gas. At close-by momenta these occupation probabilities permit the identification of underlying pure-state statistics in the case of textbook many-body states such as lattice superfluids and Mott insulators. In the weakly-interacting regime, well-established correlations between pairs of atoms at opposite momenta are observed. Furthermore, these pair correlations are found to decrease in favor of more intricate correlations between more than two particles as interactions are increased. A direct observation of non-Gaussian correlations encapsulates the complex statistical nature of strongly-interacting superfluids well before the Mott insulator phase transition. Finally, at the phase transition, fluctuations of the occupation number of the BEC mode are found to be enhanced, constituting a direct signature of the quantum fluctuations driving the transition. System-size independent quantities such as the Binder cumulant are shown to exhibit distinctive sharp features even in a finite-size system, and hold promise for constituting suitable observables for determining universal behavior when measured in a homogeneous system
Thiel, Valérian. "Analyse modale d'un peigne de fréquences femtoseconde : corrélations spectrales classiques et quantiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066661/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the usage of an optical femtosecond frequency comb for precision measurements at the quantum limit, as well as the fluctuations of the combs structure. We use a formalism that is borrowed from quantum optics to describe classical phenomenon. We show indeed that the comb structure can be decomposed on a basis of modes, where each of these is attached to a given physical parameters. In a projective measurement scheme, we show that it is then possible to measure an information carried by the electromagnetic field (such as a delay in time) as well as fluctuations from the laser source (in that example, the timing jitter). We finally propose a scheme to generate two beams that are "squeezed in time", since they allow to measure a delay with a better sensitivity than using classical resources
Vieille, Thibault. "Applications des impulsions femtosecondes infrarouges : façonnage programmable et spectroscopie bidimensionnelle." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01077034/document.
Full textMid-infrared femtosecond lasers have recently provided a new tool to study complex ultrafast dynamics, especially in biological systems such as hemeproteins. Using these lasers, two kind of powerful experiments can be planned. The first type contains optimal control experiments, in which the principle is to find the optimal shape of a pulse in order to reach one desired final state. This approach requires a way to produce an arbitrary shape of pulses, so in a first part we have worked on a new kind of linear programmable acousto-optic pulse-shaper called Mid-infrared Dazzler, which is produced by the company FASLITE. For this sake, we have implemented a new method to measure weak mid-infrared pulses with complex shapes, based on the homodyne detection of a replica of the mid-infrared field into the visible domain. Then, we have produced and measured shaped pulses which exhibit complex shapes like pi-steps in the spectral phase. This demonstrates the ability of the Dazzler to be used in optimal control experiments with hemeproteins. The second type of experiments contain the multidimensional coherent spectroscopy experiments, which are powerful tools to probe ultrafast dynamics since the principle is to measure the complete non-linear response function, which permits to disentangle the different microscopic informations. We have finalized the building of an innovative two-dimensional spectrometer, which exhibits a simple geometry, an excellent spectral resolution in both axes, an iterative and very precise self-calibration method, and a simple and efficient trick to remove the signal from scattering. Our first measurements of the Frequency-frequency correlation function of the CO vibration bound to Hemoglobin shows a promising agreement with recent progress in the modelization of ultrafast fluctuations
Calba, Cécile. "Interaction entre une impulsion lumineuse ultra-brève et un nuage dense de particules : simulations numériques et expériences." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES029.
Full textMetrologies used to characterize two-phase flows are often based on non intrusive optical techniques (PDA, PIV, diffractometry, turbidimetry, …), which use single scattering hypothesis. Their are ineffective in dense media where multiple scattering is predominant and scrambles the signal. This work is dedicated to study the potential of ultra-short light pulses to overpass this limitation, in association with a time-resolved detection. With this kind of illumination, scattered light is temporally divided versus different optical paths. Direct photons called ballistic photons are distinguished to scattered photons in forward detection. Time-resolved scattering phenomena have been quantified with help of numerical tools. An Monte Carlo code has been built. It uses single scattering characteristics describing interaction between one particle and an ultra-short pulse, obtained by Lorenz-Mie theory or Debye series. The originality of this code is to take into account the interaction time between incident pulse and particles, added to the propagation time between the scattered centers. This code is interesting for large particles (50-150 µm). In small sized particles case (small than 5 µm) a simplified semi Monte Carlo algorithm taking into account polarization can be uses, taking into account only propagation time between the scattered centers. Experiments have been made using a femtosecond system on dense calibrated solutions of particles (polystyrene or glass) immersed in water. Comparisons between computations and experiments show a good agreement. Concentration and particle size measurements have been demonstrated for optical depths until 20 and metrological perspectives are discussed
Elkharrat, Caroline. "Dynamique de photoionisation et de photofragmentation de petites molécules non-linéaires : du rayonnement synchrotron aux impulsions lasers femtosecondes." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112382.
Full textThis thesis deals with the extension of the vector correlation (VC) method to the study of the photoionization (PI) dynamics of small non-linear molecules like CH₃Cl, CF₃I and NO₂ for two kinds of light excitation: on the one hand the C 1s and Cl 2p inner-shell photoionization of CH₃Cl induced by X-ray synchrotron radiation, and on the other hand the valence shell PI of CF₃I and NO₂ induced by femtosecond laser pulses. The CV method leads to two main observables: the kinetic energy correlation diagrams and the photoelectron angular distributions of fixed in space molecules, so-called Recoil Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions (RFPADs) in PI of non-linear molecules. That observable gives the most complete access to the transition moments describing the photoionization dynamics. The unified formalism developed by R. Lucchese (Texas A&M) enables the determination of the RFPADs for the PI of C₂v and C₃v molecules. The results obtained for multiphoton ionization of NO₂, highlighting the production of the (NO⁺-O⁻) ion pair, contribute to the understanding of the reaction pathways leading to the photolysis of this molecule whose electronic and nuclear dynamics is known to be complex
Cayla, Hugo. "Measuring the momentum distribution of a lattice gas at the single-atom level." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLO005/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we report the demonstration of a detection technique able to probe, with a single-atom sensitivity, the momentum distribution of an ultracold gas loaded inside a 3D optical lattice. We have developed a micro-channel plate detector, able to electronically probe clouds of metastable Helium-4. The gas is detected after a time-of-flight of 325ms, long enough to reach the far-field expansion, where the spatial distribution of the cloud can be mapped to the asymptotic momentum distribution. By putting ourselves in a regime where the lattice filling is close to unity, the atomic collisions in the first instant of the expansion become negligible, so that the asymptotic momentum distribution is equal to the in situ momentum distribution. We experimentally demonstrate this equality, by comparing our far-field measurements with the momentum distribution calculated from the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, thanks to ab initio quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We show a good agreement with the theory over more than 3 orders of magnitude in density. Those simulations are calculated with our experimental parameters, the temperature being the only adjustable variable. We then use this comparison to perform a precise thermometry of the lattice gas, allowing us to explore the superfluid-normal gas transition through a direct measurement of different quantities, like the condensed fraction or the two-particles correlation function
Li, Yixuan. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes de RMN des solides : nouvelles séquences d’impulsion pour les expériences de corrélation hétéronucléaires et traitement par covariance des expériences homonucléaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10065/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on the development of novel Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SS-NMR) methods. The proposed methods are compatible with high magnetic fields and fast MAS. Main achievements comprise :(1) the new pulse sequence (PT-HMQC) for heteronucler experiments. The major limitation of HMQC experiments is their lack of sensitivity, especially involving quadrupolar nuclei with short T2 values. We propose a simple and robust strategy by manipulating the populations of the satellite transitions (ST) during the mixing time, to accelerate the rate of coherence transfer, and enhance the sensitivity of J-HMQC experiments with indirect detection of the quadrupolar nucleus. With the introduction of new shape pulses (quadruple sweeps pulses), we find the best method, PT-J-HMQC with QFS (Quadruple Frequency Sweep), which is more robust to samples with different sites with different CQ value.(2) the new data processing methods for homonuclear experiments. We combine covariance (COV2D) spectroscopy with non-uniform continuous acquisition (NUCA) scheme, such as linear profile (Lk) and Gaussian profile (Gk). Furthermore, we add various sampling schemes, such as NUS (non-uniform sampling) and CUO (t1 cut-off). We find that covariance treatment, combined with the CUO sampling and Gaussian accumulation profile provides better gain in experimental time, better S/N, without loss of resolution
Billet, C. "Génération de similaritons optiques dans des amplificateurs à fibres dopées erbium." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373730.
Full textSezac, Laurent. "Mise en oeuvre de deux expériences de corrélations de particules légères : comportement à très faibles impulsions relatives (mesure avec un spectromètre magnétique) et influence de la violence de réaction sur les sources d'émission (mesurée avec le détecteur de neutrons Orion)." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10014.
Full textFoumouo, Emmanuel. "Problème coulombien à trois corps en champ haute fréquence : application à l'étude de l'ionisation double à deux photons de l'hélium." Université catholique de Louvain, 2008. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-02172008-222015/.
Full textCarcy, Cécile. "Investigation of the Mott transition with metastable Helium atoms." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02890916.
Full textIn this work, we transfer a Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable Helium atoms to a 3D cubic lattice potential (optical lattice). This system is an experimental realization of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian that depends on two parameters that are the interaction strength U between the atoms and the kinetic energy J. Depending on the value of the ratio U/J, the ground state of the system is either a superfluid (SF) or a Mott insulator (MI). In the experiment, we investigated the Mott transition that separates the SF and the MI phases. Thanks to the use of He$^*$ atoms, one can detect the atoms individually and in 3D after a long time-of-flight. As a result, we access the in-trap momentum distribution of the lattice gases probed with a single atom sensitivity and one can compute the momentum correlations at any order. We demonstrate that the 2 and 3-particles correlations of a Mott insulator deep in the MI phase are the ones of a system described by a gaussian density operator. In the MI phase, we investigate the restoration of the first-order coherence on approaching the Mott transition. Finally, by comparing the momentum distributions measured in the experiment with Quantum Monte Carlo numerical simulations performed with the experimental parameters and calculated for a wide range of temperatures, we calculated the temperature of the lattice gases probed, allowing us to investigate the transition between a SF and a thermal gas (NF) that occurs when increasing the temperature of the system. We notably have measured the condensate fraction across the SF-NF and the SF-MI transitions. We demonstrated that when probing trapped systems, if the condensate fraction is a good observable to locate the position of the phase transition, it is not the case for the SF-MI transition. We thus probed different observables
Laude, Vincent. "Contributions au traitement optique du signal et aux ondes élastiques guidées." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005804.
Full textDubois, Jonathan. "Electron dynamics for atoms driven by intense and elliptically polarized laser pulses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0297.
Full textSubjecting atoms or molecules to intense laser pulses gives rise to a variety of highly nonlinear phenomena, such as for instance the ionization of electrons and the radiation of high-frequency photons. The distributions of the velocity of the ionized electrons of the frequency of the radiated photons measured at the detector encode relevant informations on the target atoms and molecules at the natural time scale of the electrons, the attosecond-that is, million, million, millionths of a second. Understanding the dynamics of the ionized electrons and identifying the mechanisms of high-frequency radiation are essential steps toward interpreting and decoding the informations encrypted in the experimental measurements.In this thesis, atoms subjected to intense and elliptically polarized laser fields in the infrared regime are theoretically studied. Despite their fundamental quantal nature in atoms, electrons display some classical behaviors when subjected to intense laser pulses. We exploit these classical features to understand and picture, with the help of trajectories, the physical mechanisms at play in order to interpret experimental measurements. After ionizing, the motion of the electrons is analyzed using techniques from nonlinear dynamics. This thesis work demonstrates the complementarity of quantum mechanics and nonlinear dynamics for understanding and illustrating the mechanisms involved when atoms are subjected to intense and elliptically polarized laser pulses
Bahja, Fadoua. "Détection du fondamental de la parole en temps réel : application aux voix pathologiques." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927147.
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