Books on the topic 'Correlation Strategy'

The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture. At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy. The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.

This chapter discusses three directional hedge fund strategies: long/short equity, short only, and equity market neutral. These strategies rely on different types of positions that are enumerated and explained using trade examples. A key feature of funds implementing directional strategies is the market exposure best described by gross exposure and beta-adjusted net exposure. In long/short equity funds, money managers often use yield enhancement strategies based on option overlays. A review of different management styles explicates the heterogeneity of hedge funds and liquid alternatives that implement the long/short equity strategy. Analysis of portfolio diversification highlights why equity market-neutral funds have more holdings than long/short equity funds. For equity market-neutral funds, the chapter highlights a link between the fund’s correlation with the market and its beta: low beta does not imply that it has a low correlation with the market. The chapter provides a theoretical discussion with some real fund examples.

This chapter examines single multistrategy hedge funds and multistrategy funds of hedge funds. The chapter’s purpose is to explain, illustrate, and differentiate both offerings. It offers a complete quantitative analysis of multistrategy hedge funds over a 15-year period, which includes difficult market conditions. The analysis includes a comparative risk-return analysis in absolute terms and relative to traditional investments and hedge funds. A rolling statistical analysis is also performed that focuses on correlation and beta relative to traditional markets. The results indicate that for investors multistrategy hedge funds offer a particularly attractive profile that differentiates multistrategy hedge funds from most single hedge fund strategies. The findings also explain why this strategy recently attracted attention, particularly for multistrategy funds offering an attractive risk-return ratio with limited volatility.

Diversification of risk is a potential benefit of investing in hedge funds. Using CSFB/Tremont hedge fund indices, this chapter shows that hedge fund strategies have different returns, volatility, and exposures to various systematic risk factors during tranquil times. This relation has led to the growth of the hedge industry and in particular funds of hedge funds, which provide diversification benefits by investing across different hedge fund styles. However, during financial crises, different hedge fund strategies are exposed to similar systematic risk factors. Most of the strategies become exposed to market liquidity and credit risk factors. Moreover, during the financial crises of 1998 and 2007–2008, all strategies were loading positively on the latent factor that induced positive correlation among hedge fund strategy residuals. As a result, diversification benefits incurred due to investing in different hedge fund strategies evaporated during these financial crises.

Purepecha (language isolate, Mexico) has one relevant characteristic that leads to identifying it as a polysynthetic language: productive verbal morphology (in particular locative suffixes). Purepecha is a predominantly dependent-marking language, as its pronominal markers are enclitics, generally second position enclitics. But, in some contexts Purepecha shows head-marking characteristics. Today, pronominal enclitics exhibit variation, tending to move to the rightmost position in the clause; they may encliticize to the predicate itself, showing a head-attraction or polypersonalism strategy and making Purepecha more polysynthetic. But this language lacks noun incorporation. Purepecha has three types of non-finite clause: two subordinate clauses (non-finite complement clauses and purpose clauses) and a syntactically independent clause (the chain-medial clause). This seemingly inconsistent situation (characterized by a correlation of different properties, some of which have not been identified as polysynthetic) calls for addressing the typological classification of Purepecha among the polysynthetic languages.

This article tries to determine what causes democratization. It begins by studying the cause of the correlation between development and democracy, and views the models of democratization as strategic interactions between elites and citizens. The last section considers two context differences that might influence the democratization process: the historical period it takes place in and the type of regime that democracy replaces.

Some of the first research in disability sport focused on athletic identity using the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). A large body of research has supported a robust finding that athletes with disabilities view themselves as legitimate athletes, whereas they believe that others (e.g., the able-bodied public) do not view them as athletes as strongly. This chapter examines descriptive and correlational research completed with the AIMS. Descriptive work indicates Paralympians relative to recreational athletes have stronger athletic identities. Correlational research indicates that athletes with strong athletic identities are more competitive and confident and have stronger sport intentions. At the same time, athletes with exclusive athletic identities may be at risk for experiencing negative affect when unable to play. Athletes may disinvest in sport and an athletic identity as their skills wane and they anticipate no longer participating in sport. While a disinvestment in athletic identity can be viewed as a self-esteem protective strategy it might also have negative performance ramifications.

♦ Major trauma results in a systemic stress response proportional to both the degree of initial injury (1st hit) and the subsequent surgical treatment (2nd hit).♦ The key physiological processes of hypoxia, hypovolaemia, metabolic acidosis, fat embolism, coagulation and inflammation operate in synergy during the days after injury/surgery and their effective management determines prognosis.♦ The optimal timing and method of long bone fracture fixation after major trauma remains controversial. Two divergent views exist between definitive early intramedullary fixation and initial external fixation with delayed conversion to an intramedullary nail once the patient’s condition has been better stabilised.♦ There is agreement that the initial skeletal stabilisation should not be delayed and that the degree of initial injury has a more direct correlation with outcome and the development of subsequent systemic complications rather than the method of long bone fracture stabilisation.♦ Trauma patients can be screened to identify those more ‘at risk’ of developing systemic complications such as respiratory insufficiency. Specific risk factors include: A high injury severity score; the presence of a femoral fracture; the combination of blunt abdominal or thoracic injury combined with an extremity fracture; physiological compromise on admission and uncorrected metabolic acidosis prior to surgery.♦ The serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 may offer an accurate method of quantifying the degree of initial injury and the response to surgery.♦ The effective management of the polytraumatised patient involves a team approach and effective communication with allied specialties and theatre staff. A proper hierarchy of the injuries sustained can then be compiled and an effective surgical strategy made.

The reduction of mental phenomena to neurochemistry and neural connectivity is a theoretical position called “greedy reductionism.” Although reduction can be an illuminating research strategy, it should not be used to downplay research at mental levels or to promote theories of mental disorder that give primacy only to neurochemistry and neuroconnectivity. Although mind depends on brain, mental activity has emergent properties that cannot be explained reductively. This explanatory gap may help explain why neuroscience and cognitive science provide an incomplete model of the mind. This chapter evaluates the Research Domain Criteria system and examines the current state of neuroscience. Despite dramatic progress during recent decades, the field remains in its infancy. The most striking advances have been in neuroimaging. Although there are correlations between clinical observations and brain imaging, many findings remain nonspecific. Similar limitations apply to other areas of biological research on neurotransmitters, the neural “connectome,” and neuropsychology.

This article examines music censorship in the Old Regime France by focusing on the politics of theater. More specifically, it analyzes the politics of silence in eighteenth-century pantomime, a type of theatrical dumb show made popular by the Forains. As an example, it considers Les Oracles d’Harpocrate, ou le dieu du silence à la foire by Charles-François Pannard, performed by the troupe Nouveau Spectacle-Pantomime in August 1746. The article shows how Pannard’s pantomime politicizes silence by featuring Harpocrates, the Egyptian god of silence. Using Harpocrate as a trope indicative of a culture of politicized silence, this essay offers a putative model correlating silence and singing, arguing that Harpocrates helps explain silence as a counter-censorship strategy in late eighteenth-century French operas and plays, including Beaumarchais’s Figaro plays and his opera Tarare (1787).

It is an enduring contradiction that Hindus revere their goddesses but their society is dominated by Brahmanical patriarchy. Although we assume that the worship of goddesses implies the celebration of so-called female power, we overlook how the development of such practices of devotion occurred within a highly patriarchal society that subjugated women in everyday life. Addressing this oversight, Mutating Goddesses traces the shifting fortunes of four goddesses—Manasā, Caṇḍī, Ṣaṣṭhī, and Lakṣmī—and their mutation within the goddess-invested tradition of Bengal’s Hinduism. It uses the vibrant laukika archive comprising religious practices and beliefs that, unlike the ṣāstrik perspective, have not been affected by the emergence and consolidation of the male Brahman and the Sanskrit language. Using narratives such as kathās, laukika bratakathās, and maṅgalkābyas, Sengupta explores the period between the fifteenth and twentieth centuries and investigates the correlation of gender, caste, and class in the sanctioning of female subjectivities through goddess formation. Thus, she excavates the multiple and layered heritage of Bengal to illustrate how tradition is a result of strategic selection by those in power.

The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.