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1
Mugarura, Norman. "The juxtaposition of success and failure of corporate governance procedures." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 379–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-07-2013-0047.
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Purpose The paper aims to explore a multiplicity of corporate governance issues in the narrow purview of different corporate governance systems and procedures across jurisdictional contexts. It shows a correlation between proper implementation of rules and procedures in a corporation for determining the success or failure of corporations. The paper also posits that however robust internal corporate rules and procedures are, the recent experiences have demonstrated that the fate of corporation could also be dictated beyond the remit of individual corporations by extraneous factors such as globalisation. This was vividly underscored by the recent global financial crisis (2008-2010) and its devastating consequences on well-managed corporation worldwide. The author has structured the paper into two parts – part one and part two. Part one is designed to explore the dynamics of corporate governance in fostering the success or failure of corporations. In part two, the paper examines the interplay between rules and practices in the context of two corporate governance examples –MTN in Uganda and the defunct BCCI (1991) in the UK in corporate success or failure. The former underscores a correlation between effective corporate governance mechanisms in fostering corporate success, whereas the latter underscores how the practice of overlooking corporate rules and procedures could trigger catastrophic consequences for corporations. The paper also tries to tease out how poor corporate governance could be exploited for criminal purposes. This was underscored in the case of the BCCI. The last part underscores how two distinctive corporate governance approaches in MTN (Uganda) and defunct BCCI could proffer a lesson for change of modern corporate governance systems and procedures. Design/methodology/approach The paper was written by way of a comparative analysis of different corporate governance approaches in different jurisdictions and their different implications for the success or failure of corporations. It has examined recent corporate scandals with a view to delineate how lax governance procedures and lack robust oversight of corporation could have played in precipitating conditions for criminal exploitation. Findings The findings of the paper clearly demonstrate a close correlation between good corporate governance and corporate success. It also correlates how lack of robust corporate governance procedures could provide an environment for exploitation of corporation by executives who may have criminal inclination. The lax corporate environment can also be exploited by criminals to perpetuate other forms of criminal activities such as money laundering and fraud. Research limitations/implications The paper was largely undertaken by the analysis of secondary data sources. Because there were no interviews carried to corroborate the foregoing data, it is possible that some of it could have been biased. Undertaking interviews would have mitigated the potential for bias and infused the paper with first-hand experiences from different stakeholders Practical implications The paper underscores how two distinctive corporate governance approaches gleaned in the context of MTN (Uganda) and defunct BCCI (1991) could proffer different approaches for a change in modern corporate governance systems and procedures. Social implications The paper has demonstrated that lack of proper corporate governance procedures and oversight could provide a recipe for criminal exploitation to perpetuate crimes such as money laundering in a corporation. This could have far-reaching implications not only for individuals corporations but also local communities in form of job losses), governments and markets. Originality/value The originality of this paper is manifested that there are no comparable studies undertaken in its purview. It is, therefore, a must-read for both academic and policy purposes.
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Hawes, Colin, and Eng Chew. "The cultural transformation of large Chinese enterprises into internationally competitive corporations: case studies of Haier and Huawei." Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (February 2011): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2011.542886.
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Cassella, Stefan. "Illicit finance and money laundering trends in Eurasia." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-01-2018-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review recent examples of sophisticated money laundering operations involving financial institutions in Eurasia, including Russia and Moldova, and the resulting flow of licit and illicit capital from that part of the world to the UK, the USA, and other Western countries. Design/methodology/approach Relying on materials from publicly available sources, the study uses several case studies to illustrate various money laundering methods with a view toward identifying common elements and aspects of the schemes that might be considered new or innovative. Findings In particular, the study examines the roles that lax anti-money laundering compliance by financial institutions and the use of shell corporations designed to conceal the beneficial ownership of the companies and their assets have played in virtually all of the money laundering schemes. Originality/value The paper discusses the risks that these emerging money laundering methods pose to Western countries and their financial institutions and the approaches that governments might take to minimize those risks and raise the barriers for the laundering of illicit funds within their jurisdictions.
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Van Loon, Jannes, Stijn Oosterlynck, and Manuel B. Aalbers. "Governing urban development in the Low Countries: From managerialism to entrepreneurialism and financialization." European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 4 (September 28, 2018): 400–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418798673.
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Has the post-war managerial approach to urban governance in the Netherlands and Flanders been replaced by more entrepreneurial and financialized forms? In this paper, we study the transformation of urban governance in the Low Countries through city case studies of Apeldoorn (Netherlands) and Antwerp (Belgium). We show how Dutch urban governance is financialized by connecting local public finance with financialized real estate markets through municipal land banks. However, inter-municipal financial solidarity and ring-fencing municipalities from financial markets create specific continental European processes of financialization. Flemish municipalities, in contrast, have shifted from a model of laissez-faire urban development (embedded in a system of large municipal autonomy) towards entrepreneurial urban growth regimes, in which technocratic public and private actors have increased access to public financial resources, which are used to create large urban renewal projects. In Belgium, autonomous municipal real estate corporations are a crucial instrument for connecting municipal finance to the real estate market.
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Lee, Joonghak, Youngwoo Kim, and Jisang Kang. "Preparation for Digital Transformation: A Case and Empirical Findings of South Korean Multinational Corporations." International Academy of Global Business and Trade 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2023.19.1.57.
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Purpose - Digital transformation is the key to success for recent multinational corporates. Ample studies have paid attention to the effectiveness of digital transformation and usage of advanced technology, but there is a lack of research related to how to prepare for digital transformation. The main purpose of this study is to organize specific case of preparation for digital transformation from a management perspective. In addition, the empirical results are presented to examine the impact of the preparation of the digital transformation.
Design/Methodology/Approach - The study first reviews previous literature about digital transformation to organize antecedents, theory, contingency, and outcomes. Second, based on the resource-based view, a case is explained the company’s context, processes, and methodology. Lastly, empirical analysis is conducted to investigate how effective the digital transformation is prepared, and results are presented with data from 50 affiliations and 1,059 employees.
Findings - This study finds the key to successful digital transformation is well-prepared talent, and suggests how multinational corporates can be ready for talent selection and development. Furthermore, readiness in digital transformation in talent varies by industry, company, and employee characteristics. Then, the study implies successful digital transformation should consider a contingency.
Research Implications - The current study expands the knowledge on digital transformation by suggesting an actual case of South Korean multinational corporations, which allows researchers and practitioners to understand the process and methodology. Second, this research extended the discussion of digital transformation to talent selection preparation since previous literature has focused only on recent technology. Lastly, the study introduces the empirical results of preparation for digital transformation and helps practitioners initiate digital transformation in their organizations.
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Yeung, Henry Wai-chung. "Limits to the Growth of Family-Owned Business? The Case of Chinese Transnational Corporations from Hong Kong." Family Business Review 13, no. 1 (March 2000): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00055.x.
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It has become conventional wisdom in management literature that family-owned business is restricted by its management practices and, therefore, cannot grow beyond a certain size. In the case of Chinese family firms, these practices are related to paternalism, nepotism, personalism, and fragmentation. This paper examines three detailed qualitative case studies of Chinese family firms from Hong Kong that have relentlessly pursued growth through internationalization. It argues that venturing into foreign markets and transnational operations has become an effective means for Chinese family firms to expand beyond the limits of domestic markets and centripetal management structures. International business strategies enable Chinese family firms to socialize trusted members into the corporate “family,” provide a training ground for the future heir to the patriarch, and consolidate networks of personal and business relationships. There are, therefore, no a priori reasons to support the alleged limits to the growth of Chinese family firms in their international context.
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Agarwal, Bhakti, Rahul Singh Gautam, Pooja Jain, Shailesh Rastogi, Venkata Mrudula Bhimavarapu, and Saumya Singh. "Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Activities on the Financial Performance of Indian Health Care Sector Firms: Using Competition as a Moderator." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16020109.
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Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities have become essential and viable activities of corporations because of the increase in concern for environmental, social, and governance issues. The motive of this research is to measure the effect of ESG on the financial performance (FP) of healthcare corporations using the market-to-book value (MTB) ratio as a proxy of FP. A sample of 33 pharma companies in India from 2011 to 2020 has been considered. The study relies on the panel data method to assess the association between ESG and FP. The potential moderating role of competition has also been studied to simplify their relationship in this framework. The finding of this study is that there is a significant negative association between ESG and FP, and it is also found that when competition is used as a moderator, it results in a significantly positive impact on the ESG and FP of healthcare companies. This study increases the understanding of the association between ESG and FP and helps corporations to formulate corporate strategies and stakeholders to make investment decisions. The originality of this study is that it addresses the impact of competition on ESG and FP of the healthcare industry and will become foundational literature for future studies.
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Rosenthal, Caitlin. "Balancing the Books: Convergence and Diversity of Accounting in Massachusetts, 1875–1895." Journal of Economic History 80, no. 3 (August 21, 2020): 782–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000388.
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The late nineteenth century is often described as an era of innovation in managerial practice, including accounting. However, despite rich case studies of individual firms, we have little quantitative knowledge of average practices. This paper uses errors and omissions in balance statements to estimate the prevalence of double-entry bookkeeping and depreciation at Massachusetts corporations between 1875–1895. In 1875, 62 percent of firms balanced their returns, but by 1895 this number exceeded 96 percent. The proportion considering depreciation increased from 18 to 24 percent over the period. Firms using these techniques survived longer on average.
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Xu, Yun, and Md Jahidur Rahman. "Effects of applying the new ASBE 21 Leases on the financial statements: Evidence from China." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 4, special issue (2021): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i4siart2.
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The Ministry of Finance of China has proposed a new lease accounting model to the existing lease accounting standard that requires the capitalization of all operating leases as assets and liabilities. In this case study, the key effects of the application of a new accounting standard — Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises 21 (ASBE 21), on financial statements and financial ratios of listed companies in the Chinese air transport industry have been analyzed and investigated. Significant relative differences were found within the airline industry in China. Results indicated that the total assets and liabilities would increase due to the capitalization of operating leases, whereas the profitability of firms was expected to decrease. Furthermore, the coverage of firms would decline, but the leverage of these firms would be improved. Rather than China, prior studies have analyzed the firms in other countries, where different accounting principles are applied. Hence, this study can provide useful information for the investors, as well as other stakeholders that are interested in Chinese airline corporations, and help to complete the studies about different lease accounting standards applied in different countries.
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Rienda, Laura, Enrique Claver, and Diego Quer. "Institutional distance, establishment mode choice and international experience: the case of Indian MNCs." Journal of Asia Business Studies 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-01-2016-0015.
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Purpose Focusing on the growing importance of Indian multinational corporations in the past decades, this paper aims to understand how establishment mode decisions in a foreign market can differ depending on a series of factors. Specifically, the authors examine how institutional distance, including cultural distance and political risk, could affect these decisions, and how international acquisition experience could moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors test their hypotheses using data from 114 outward foreign direct investments between 2000 and 2010. Findings The findings suggest that experience in international acquisitions increases the likelihood of subsequent acquisitions in high-risk and culturally distant countries. Originality/value By considering that the country of origin also matters, some differences among emerging-market multinational corporations (MNCs) may arise. Besides, since empirical research focusing on emerging-market MNCs is scarce, more empirical studies are needed to analyze the influence of cultural distance and political risk on some decisions. In the case of India, there are also additional motivations for analyzing those institutional factors. First, since this is a country with significant linkages to Western countries, it is interesting to know if the influence of cultural distance is similar or not. Second, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the relationship between political risk and establishment mode choice in the case of Indian MNCs. To fill this gap, the first aim of this paper is to analyze how cultural distance and political risk affect the establishment mode choice of Indian MNCs. Moreover, recognizing international experience to be an important factor in explaining international expansion, we focus on international experience interactions with sources of uncertainty inherent in the host market.
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Benoit, William L., and Anne Czerwinski. "A Critical Analysis Of USAir's Image Repair Discourse." Business Communication Quarterly 60, no. 3 (September 1997): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999706000304.
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Faced with a crisis, what can a business say? Crisis communication literature tends to focars on what to do before and after a crisis and on the kinds of crises corporations face. Less attention is given to the options available within mes sages about a crisis. The theory of image restoration provides a useful key to composing such messages. This article applies the theory to one case study in image repair discourse: USAir's response to media coverage of the crash of one of its aircraft in Pittsburgh in 1994. Introducing such case studies in the classroom helps students to understand the basic tenets of persausion in the highly charged context of repairing a corporate reputation after an attack.
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Abugre, James Baba, and David Nasere. "Do high-performance work systems mediate the relationship between HR practices and employee performance in multinational corporations (MNCs) in developing economies?" African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-01-2019-0028.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of job involvement as high-performance work system (HPWS) on the relationship between human resource (HR) practices and employee performance in multinational corporations (MNCs) in developing economies using Ghana as a case study.Design/methodology/approachUsing questionnaires to collect data from 317 employees and ten MNCs in Ghana, structural equation modeling (SEM), multiple regression and bootstrapping analysis were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results showed that an HPWS proxy as job involvement fully mediates the relationship between HR practices and employee performance. The findings also showed that training and development and compensation and reward have a significant and direct positive effect on employee performance.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a practical guide to management and corporations on the significance of training and compensation on employee performance in MNCs. The study, therefore, recommends managers of firms and corporations to take a serious look at their HR practices and institute an HPWS, which can positively improve both corporate and employee performance.Originality/valueThis paper enhances our understanding of micro-level HPWS in the form of job involvement as a positive mediator between training and development and employee performance on the one hand, and between compensation and reward and employee performance on the other hand in work organizations in a less-studied context.
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Jin, Jun, Max von Zedtwitz, and Li Choy Chong. "Formation of R & D alliances in the Chinese mobile telephony industry." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-02-2015-0011.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how international R & D alliances are formed during industry transition from the point of view of the local Chinese partner. Design/methodology/approach – Review of industry data provided by Chinese Statistical Office coupled with four in-depth case studies. Findings – The nature of the technology, the characteristics of partners and the previous cooperation experience between partners are significantly related to the R & D alliance formation. The research also suggests that during this fast-growing transition period, Chinese local firms preferred non-equity contractual agreements over equity joint venture such as R & D alliance modes, and Chinese local firms favoured American and European multinational corporations (MNCs) as their alliance partners over MNCs from other countries, including the highly developed Japan and Korea. Research limitations/implications – Single-industry focus (telecommunications), and anonymization of cases because of confidentiality of case firms. Single-country focus (China). Practical implications – Firms in China and other emerging countries can improve their technological capability (TC) by choice to facilitate future alliance formation to access and learn the latest technology from their alliance partners, especially during the transition period of an industry and when mature and emerging technologies co-exist. Originality/value – This paper refines alliance theory by focusing on an industry in transition and analyses formation decision factors from the point of view of the smaller domestic partner – usually studies do not differentiate as to industry maturity and inequality between partners.
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Noble, E. J. "Entrepreneurship and Nineteenth Century Urban Growth: A Case Study of Orillia, Ontario, 1867-1898." Urban History Review 9, no. 1 (November 8, 2013): 64–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019350ar.
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This article examines the role local decision-makers played in the development of Orillia. This small Ontario community exhibited as high a degree of boosterism as that found in much larger centres, and the economic growth of the town was primarily the result of growth strategies pursued by Orillia's entrepreneurial decision-makers. Although this group implemented a variety of successful growth strategies, this study concentrates on two of the most important. First, the businessmen supported a progressive railway policy which brought two competing lines to the community. This action enlarged the town's hinterland and enabled local businessmen to utilize a diverse pattern of buying and selling. Second, the entrepreneurs used the municipal corporation to finance the construction of North America's first municipally owned hydro-electric power system. This development enabled the town to successfully make the transition from a declining commercial centre to a small manufacturing town.
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de La Ville, Valérie-Inés. "Young people as company stakeholders? Moving beyond CSR…" Young Consumers 15, no. 1 (April 14, 2014): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-03-2013-00363.
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Purpose – The case of corporations establishing a relationship with young people – because of the moral responsibility involved – allows us to illustrate the complexities of trying to decide what is morally correct to collectively ensure children's well-being. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Applying the “stakeholder theory” to child industries – under which term this paper includes all business activities that establish a commercial relationship involving children, either as the recipient or user of the final product or beneficiary of a specific service, or as a co-decision-maker for purchases within his/her family or social circles – reveals a series of conceptual challenges... Findings – The limited understanding of stakeholder theory within the CSR managerial perspective leads companies to overlook some important moral issues about children's well-being, and exposes them to particularly hard criticisms of their actions and marketing policies. Research limitations/implications – If children have been overlooked by the stakeholder theory, how may the interests of youth be represented in a stakeholder perspective? Practical implications – To deal with some of the dilemmas entailed by considering children's representatives as legitimate spokespersons, the paper suggests drawing on the ethics of care to attempt delineating a corporate social responsibility towards young people. Originality/value – This paper emphasises a number of issues relevant to young consumers, including the absence of children in stakeholder theory and how that absence speaks to the presumed extent and boundaries of corporate social responsibility.
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Mccoy, David, Simukai Chigudu, and Taavi Tillmann. "Framing the tax and health nexus: a neglected aspect of public health concern." Health Economics, Policy and Law 12, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174413311600044x.
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AbstractPrevious studies have described various associations between tax policy and health. Here we propose a unifying conceptual framework of ‘Five R’s’ to stimulate awareness about the importance of tax to health improvement. First, tax can improverepresentationand democratic accountability, and help make governments more responsive to the needs of its citizens. Second, tax can create arevenuestream for a universal pool of public finance for health care and other public services. Third, progressive taxation when combined with appropriate public spending can helpredistributewealth and income and mitigate social and health inequalities. Fourth, there-pricingof harmful products (e.g. tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food) can help reduce their consumption. Fifth, taxation provides a route by which certain harmful industries can beregulated. The paper also discusses the barriers that hinder the full potential for taxation to be used to improve health, including: weak tax administrations, large ‘shadow economies’, international trade liberalisation, tax avoidance, transfer pricing by transnational corporations and banking secrecy. We suggest that a greater awareness of the manifold associations between tax and health will encourage health practitioners to actively promote fairer and better taxation, thereby helping to improve health and reduce health inequalities.
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Abdelhalim, Khalid, and Amani Gamal Eldin. "Can CSR help achieve sustainable development? Applying a new assessment model to CSR cases from Egypt." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 773–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2019-0120.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an assessment model for corporate social responsibility (CSR) that is interlinked to sustainable development and examine the model on CSR cases in Egypt, exploring whether CSR is embedded into the core agenda of the corporations. This analysis helps in understanding the state of CSR in Egypt and countries with a similar socio-economic background. Design/methodology/approach The study presents a sustainable development assessment model for CSR, based on combining and modifying Archie Carroll’s model of Hierarchy of Corporate Responsibilities (1979, 2010) and Donna Wood’s Corporate Performance Model (1991) to include sustainable development imperatives. The proposed model analyzes two CSR practices of corporates. Qualitative analysis using in-depth interviews was conducted in the two case studies: a global multinational company represented in Egypt and a family business typical of many Egyptian corporates. Findings Generalizing from the results of the assessment in Egypt and countries with similar circumstances, most CSR practices in such a context still fall under philanthropy and few under human development or the business case. The lack of the formal institutional framework for organizing the role of the State in CSR promotion leads to missing the opportunity of linking CSR to the Sustainable Development Goals or similar strategies. Originality/value The paper presents a CSR assessment model adopted in developing countries, with a focus on incorporating sustainable development indicators since the 1990s. This methodological development since 2010 is timely and particularly useful for relating CSR to the recent global focus on sustainable development.
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Dion, Michel. "A Gadamerian perspective on financial crimes." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 836–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-11-2018-0119.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to see to what extent Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy could be used to unveil how corporate discourse about financial crimes (in codes of ethics) is closely linked to the process of understanding. Design/methodology/approach Corporate ethical discourse of 20 business corporations will be analyzed, as it is conveyed within their codes of ethics. The companies came from five countries (USA, Canada, France, Switzerland and Brazil). In the explanatory study, the following industries were represented (two companies by industry): aircrafts/trains, military, airlines, recreational vehicles, soft drinks, cigarettes, pharmaceuticals, beauty products, telecommunications and banks. Findings Historically-based prejudices in three basic narrative strategies (silence, chosen items and detailed discussion) about financial crimes are related to the mindset, to the basic outlook on corporate self-interest or to an absolutizing attitude. Research limitations/implications The historically-based prejudices that have been identified in this explanatory study should be analyzed in longitudinal studies. Practical implications The historically-based prejudices that have been identified in this explanatory study should be analyzed in longitudinal studies. Historically-based prejudices could be strengthened by the way corporate codes of ethics deal with financial crimes. They could, thus, have a deep impact on the organizational culture in the long-run. Originality/value The paper analyzes the way corporate codes of ethics use given narrative strategies to address financial crimes issues. It also unveils historically-based prejudices that follow from the choice of one or the other narrative strategy.
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Allen, Luke Nelson, Simon Wigley, and Hampus Holmer. "Study protocol: assessing the association between corporate financial influence and implementation of policies to tackle commercial determinants of non-communicable diseases: a cross-sectional analysis of 172 countries." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e055656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055656.
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IntroductionThere are many case studies of corporations that have worked to undermine health policy implementation. It is unclear whether countries that are more exposed to corporate financial influence are systematically less likely to implement robust health policies that target firms’ financial interests. We aim to assess the association between corporate financial influence and implementation of WHO-recommended policies to constrain sales, marketing and consumption of tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy foods.Methods and analysisWe will perform a cross-sectional analysis of 172 WHO Member States using national datasets from 2015, 2017 and 2020. We will use random effects generalised least squares regression to test the association between implementation status of 12 WHO-recommended tobacco, alcohol and diet policies, and corporate financial influence, a metric that combines disclosure of campaign donations, public campaign finance, corporate campaign donations, legislature corrupt activities, disclosure by politicians and executive oversight. We will control for GDP per capita, population aged >65 years (%), urbanisation (%), level of democracy, continent, ethno-linguistic fractionalisation, legal origin, UN-defined ‘Small Island Developing States’ and Muslim population (%) (to capture alcohol policy differences). We will include year dummies to address the possibility of a spurious relationship between the outcome variable and the independent variables of interests. For example, there may be an upward global trend in policy implementation that coincides with an upward global trend in the regulation of lobbying and campaign finance.Ethics and disseminationAs this study uses publicly available data, ethics approval is not required. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication in the academic literature. All data, code and syntax will be made publicly available on GitHub.
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Glumac, Brano, Marieke A. Oosterbaan, Wim F. Schaefer, and Kairi Sulla. "Implementing energy saving measures." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 17, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 134–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-11-2014-0026.
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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a decision support tool that would aid decision-makers to implement energy-saving measures efficiently in a corporate real estate. Design/methodology/approach – The tool consists of a system dynamic model that allows describing and quantifying the complex interaction between potential maintenance scenarios, external energy factors and case-specific conditions. In addition, to include the uncertainty of some of the input variables related to the external energy factors, Monte Carlo simulation has been applied. Findings – A case study of a city hall in The Netherlands showed the usability of the proposed tool. Over the selected period of 20 years, applying the chosen set of interventions, the simulation showed possible gains in the net present value and significant decrease of energy consumption and carbon emission. Municipal officials and consultants verified the tool for energy efficiency. Research limitations/implications – Although the tool has proved its functionality in one case study, to test its robustness, additional case studies would be preferable. Practical implications – The assessment tool can help organizations in assessing energy-efficient maintenance scenarios that include multiple technical energy efficiency interventions as a part of other maintenance activities. Originality/value – There are numerous ways to increase building’s energy efficiency, but a lack of knowledge is often hindering the enhancement of maximal benefits. A tool that would assess both financial and environmental benefits of potential technical intervention would provide useful insights into corporate’s real estate current and possible future energy performance. This would aid corporations in making better decisions regarding finances, and on the long run, it will bring an improved corporate image.
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Tregidga, Helen. "“Speaking truth to power”: analysing shadow reporting as a form of shadow accounting." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 3 (March 20, 2017): 510–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-01-2015-1942.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the act of shadow reporting by a social movement organisation as a form of shadow accounting within a sustained campaign against a target corporation. Situated within a consideration of power relations, the rationales underlying the production of the shadow report, and the shadow reports perceived value and limits as a shadow accounting mechanism, are investigated. Design/methodology/approach A Foucauldian approach to power/knowledge and truth is drawn upon in the analysis of a single case study. Alongside a consideration of the shadow report itself, interviews with both the preparers of the report and senior management of the corporation targeted comprise the main data. Findings The paper provides an empirical investigation into shadow reporting as a form of shadow accounting. While a range of insights are garnered into the preparation, dissemination and impact of the shadow report, key findings relate to a consideration of power relations. The perceived “truth” status of corporate accounts compared to accounts prepared by shadow accountants is problematised through a consideration of technologies of power and power/knowledge formations. Power relations are subsequently recognised as fundamental to the emancipatory potential of shadow reporting. Research limitations/implications Results from a single case study are presented. Furthermore, given the production of the shadow report occurred several years prior to the collection of data, participants were asked to reflect on past events. Findings are therefore based on those reflections. Originality/value While previous studies have considered the preparation of shadow reports and their transformative potential, this study is, the author believes, the first to empirically analyse the preparation, dissemination and perceived impacts of shadow reporting from the perspectives of both the shadow report producers and the target corporation.
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Koktysh, K., and A. Renard-Koktysh. "Cognitive Dimension of Security." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 19, no. 4 (2021): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2021.19.4.67.3.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the algocognitive culture, the new reality that humanity has already entered, but remains far from being understood. Today we can speak about dissolution of the concept of privacy: almost all actions of a person, including his daily trips, his social circle and values it shares, his correspondence and purchases are automatically observed, and completely transparent to information corporations. The problem of fake news has become insurmountable: their appearance into the information cascade converts in an event immediately, making later investigations and refutations almost obsolete. A «culture of cancellation» has emerged, within which a priori there is no criteria for good and evil, where it has become possible to «delete» from the information circulation any arrays of knowledge that do not meet the requirements of the self-proclaimed «new ethics», and to ostracize people associated with them. The author compares the current state of affairs with the era of the dominance of sophists in ancient Greece, when the truth was determined depending on the conjuncture, and finds relevant parallels. In this context, the author formulates the concept of «cognitive vulnerability»: the new reality makes possible control of the masses of people, setting not only their consumer, but also political behavior. The author defines network reality as an alternative system of socialization, where the «network» ontology and values turn out to be more competitive than real ones, and therefore de facto displace them. The latter becomes possible due to a kind of «splitting» of the personality, when the emotional reaction is de facto separated from the real goal-oriented activity, and connected with the virtual reality. Ruling algorithms in social networks are aimed at achieving this goal: for an example author turns to recent investigation by The Wall Street Journal regarding Facebook: the MSI algorithm used by the latter provokes disputes and splits on every occasion. De facto, this leads to a situation where American information corporations are moving towards the new quality of the actual owner of sovereignty over the consciousness of the external societies. This challenge has already been met by China: since September 1, 2021, Beijing had nationalized algorithms, and handed control over them to the Communist Party. The author analyzes the steps taken by China and comes to the conclusion that in case of success China will become not only an economic, but also an ideological alternative to America, thereby making a bid to restore a bipolar world political system.
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Talbot, John M. "The Struggle for Control of a Commodity Chain: Instant Coffee from Latin America." Latin American Research Review 32, no. 2 (1997): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100037870.
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Latin America has long provided most of the world's coffee. At the same time, dependence on coffee exports has profoundly affected many Latin American countries. This research note will analyze the relationship between primary-commodity exporting and development by means of a case study of attempts by Latin American countries to industrialize their exports by exporting instant coffee rather than green coffee beans. A commodity-chain approach will be used to explain how the initiatives of Latin American states and private firms have responded to and changed the structure of the global system of producing instant coffee. Three Latin American countries—Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador—have become significant exporters of instant coffee, but the benefits they have realized from this effort have been limited by the control exercised by transnational corporations over the global production system.
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Liu, Dongfeng, James J. Zhang, and Michel Desbordes. "Sport business in China: current state and prospect." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 18, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-12-2016-0086.
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Purpose Growth of China’s sport industry has brought tremendous opportunities to sport and non-sport organizations domestically and globally; nonetheless, the enlargement has also raised many challenges. To a great extent, China has chartered into unprecedented new sport business territories. Because of social, cultural, historical, and governmental differences, many theories and knowledge, professional experiences, best practices, and lessons learned in Western countries may or may not be directly applicable to the diverse setting(s) in China. Until now, only limited empirical evidence is available to address these challenges. Thus, formulating a special issue in the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship to examine contemporary subject matters and concerns would be significantly meaningful to help understand, stimulate, and improve sport business operations in China, provide guidance to transnational organizations for doing sport-related business in China, offer constructive suggestions for Chinese corporations going global, and ultimately build up theories and best practices to address unique perspectives of China’s sport industry. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper is conceptual and presents a review of literature. Findings In addition to this leading paper, there are a total of eight manuscripts selected for this special issue inquiring on contemporary matters and development of China’s sport industry, including four short articles that were formulated based on qualitative research information derived from case studies and interviews and four full-length articles that adopted a quantitative research protocol or a mixed research design involving both qualitative and quantitative information. Research limitations/implications While it is impossible to capture all contemporary topics in the development of China’s sport industry within one journal issue, articles selected in this special issue of the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship have provided useful highlights into some of the critical issues faced by the industry and research directions by academicians. It is sincerely expected that studies in this special issue would help inspire more scholarly inquires and ultimately improve the continued formulation and advancement of a strong sport industry in China. Practical implications While it is impossible to capture all contemporary topics in the development of China’s sport industry within one journal issue, articles selected in this special issue of the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship have provided useful highlights into some of the critical issues faced by the industry and research directions by academicians. It is sincerely expected that studies in this special issue would help inspire more scholarly inquires and ultimately improve the continued formulation and advancement of a strong sport industry in China. Social implications While it is impossible to capture all contemporary topics in the development of China’s sport industry within one journal issue, articles selected in this special issue of the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship have provided useful highlights into some of the critical issues faced by the industry and research directions by academicians. It is sincerely expected that studies in this special issue would help inspire more scholarly inquires and ultimately improve the continued formulation and advancement of a strong sport industry in China. Originality/value While it is impossible to capture all contemporary topics in the development of China’s sport industry within one journal issue, articles selected in this special issue of the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship have provided useful highlights into some of the critical issues faced by the industry and research directions by academicians. It is sincerely expected that studies in this special issue would help inspire more scholarly inquires and ultimately improve the continued formulation and advancement of a strong sport industry in China.
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Apriyandi, Ryan, and Handoyo Prasetyo. "Mispersepsi Pemidanaan Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Atas Penggunaan Faktur Pajak Fiktif Oleh Direksi." JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW 5, no. 2 (November 3, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v5i2.5543.
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<p>This study aims to analyze corporate responsibility for the crime of using fictitious tax invoices by directors and how the judge's basic considerations in the decision of the Tanjung Karang District Court No. 343/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Tjk. This research is motivated by the rise of taxpayers who are reluctant to pay taxes obediently to the state. Corporations take advantage of this loophole by issuing fictitious tax invoices to reduce funds that should be deposited into the state treasury and later the corporation will ask for restitution from the state. The research method used is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. The novelty in this research is to complement the studies conducted in previous studies which only criminalize individual management or corporate directors in criminal acts in the field of taxation, without considering corporate responsibility as legal subjects who can be held criminally responsible and the need for optimization by the DGT in the development of e-commerce applications. Nofa, both in terms of administration and technicality, so that dynamic applications can be realized and can reduce the use of fictitious tax invoices in Indonesia. The results of the study show that with the prevalence of cases of issuing fictitious tax invoices by directors, corporations must be fully responsible for criminal acts committed because they are very detrimental to state finances.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertanggungjawaban korporasi terhadap tindak pidana penggunaan faktur pajak fiktif oleh direksi dan bagaimana dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Tanjung Karang No.343/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Tjk. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya wajib pajak enggan membayar pajak secara patuh kepada negara. Korporasi memanfaatkan celah tersebut dengan menerbitkan faktur pajak fiktif untuk mengurangi dana yang seharusnya disetor ke kas negara dan nantinya korporasi akan meminta restitusi kepada negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang -undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. Kebaharuan dalam penelitian ini yakni untuk melengkapi studi yang dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya yang hanya mempidana individu pengurus atau direksi korporasi dalam tindak pidana dibidang perpajakan, tanpa mempertimbangkan tanggungjawab korporasi sebagai subjek hukum yang dapat diminta pertanggungjawaban pidana dan perlu adanya optimalisasi oleh Direktorat Jendral Pajak dalam pengembangan aplikasi e-Nofa baik dalam segi administrasi maupun teknis agar dapat terwujud aplikasi yang dinamis serta dapat mengurangi penggunaan faktur pajak fiktif di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dengan masih maraknya kasus penerbitan faktur pajak fiktif oleh direksi sehingga korporasi harus bertanggung jawab secara penuh terhadap tindak pidana yang dilakukan dikarenakan sangat merugikan keuangan negara.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><script type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://lopnbnfpjmgpbppclhclehhgafnifija/aiscripts/t.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://lopnbnfpjmgpbppclhclehhgafnifija/aiscripts/script-main.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://lopnbnfpjmgpbppclhclehhgafnifija/aiscripts/t.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://lopnbnfpjmgpbppclhclehhgafnifija/aiscripts/script-main.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://lopnbnfpjmgpbppclhclehhgafnifija/aiscripts/t.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="chrome-extension://lopnbnfpjmgpbppclhclehhgafnifija/aiscripts/script-main.js"></script>
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Staicu, Daniela. "Financial sustainability of social enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0081.
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Abstract Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in social enterprise across Europe. In Central and Eastern European countries, the transition to a market economy stimulated civil society initiatives, and opened new pathways for entrepreneurial initiatives, including the pioneering establishment of the first social enterprises. Eight of the Central and Eastern European countries studied acknowledge the functioning of approximately 24000 social enterprises ‘hidden’ among a variety of existing legal forms, out of which 15172 associations and foundations undertaking some economic activity. Relatively little consideration has been given to the longer-term growth and performance of these hybrid organizational forms. To succeed, these ventures must adhere to both social goals and financial constraints. It implies that common forces from multiple actors - government and other public bodies, banks, corporations, investment funds as well as individuals join efforts. Business failure among social enterprises has been attributed to various difficulties related to size, a lack of resources, and finance and funding issues. It is essential to understand which revenue streams ensure financial sustainability in the case of the social enterprise. This paper analyzes the entrepreneurial dimension of social enterprise activity in eight Central and East European countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, addressing the question of social enterprise revenue streams. Most social enterprises examined are aware of the need to insure financial stability to their social mission and are actively securing and combining a blend of income streams, in order to avoid overdependence on one source of income and insure sustainability. None of the countries are solely depending on market sources. Research limitations were encountered when analyzing the variety of revenue streams due to the fact that some country reports presented also the dimension of a specific revenue, whereas others do not comprise specific numbers.
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Purves, Nigel, Scott Niblock, and Keith Sloan. "Are organizations destined to fail?" Management Research Review 39, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-07-2014-0153.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the non-financial causes of organizational success or failure, provide a better understanding of the symptoms of financial distress and improve the predictive capacity of financial failure models. Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes exploratory case studies in investigating the relationship of non-financial factors to organizational success or failure across a sample of sector-specific Australian firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. A two-tailed study was designed, in which seven cases from both extremes were chosen from three Australian business sectors: finance, property and manufacturing. Findings – Non-financial factors associated with the organizations studied impacted their success or failure. These factors included management skill, experience and involvement in organizational strategy, feedback and resultant activity, together with board of director composition. The identification of financial and non-financial factors and sound internal processes could be utilized for the development of an early warning predictor of organizational success or failure. Research limitations/implications – The use of this method is very time-consuming but is highly valuable in case study research, providing a more in-depth understanding of how non-financial factors impact organizational success or failure. Practical implications – The research will provide a better understanding of the symptoms of financial distress and improve the predictive capacity of financial failure models. The improvement in prediction of organizational failure will reduce the costs of failure to all areas affected, from the large corporation to the small business. The inter-connectivity of all businesses to each other often results in a knock-on effect of failure with the cost being borne by all members of the community in some manner. The level of social impact and cost of failure can only be seen by the enormous costs of the Global Financial Crisis failures. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature on effective qualitative research and explores important areas of consideration for those conducting qualitative multiple-case studies. It is intended to be of use to researchers investigating the area of predictors of organizational failure or success.
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Ranjan, Prabhash. "Investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) cases and India: affronting regulatory autonomy or indicting capricious state behaviour?" Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 21, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-10-2021-0053.
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Purpose The dominant narrative in the investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) system is that it enables powerful corporations to encroach upon the regulatory power of developing countries aimed at pursuing compelling public interest objectives. The example of Phillip Morris, the tobacco giant, suing Uruguay’s public health measures is cited as the most significant example to prove this thesis. The other side of the story that States abuse their public power to undermine the protected rights of foreign investors does not get much attention. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews all the ISDS cases that India has lost to ascertain the reason why these claims were brought against India in the first place. The approach of the paper is to study these ISDS cases to find out whether these cases arose due to abuse of the State’s public power or affronted India’s regulatory autonomy. Findings Against this global context, this paper studies the ISDS claims brought against India, one of the highest respondent-State in ISDS, to show that they arose due to India’s capricious behaviour. Analysis of these cases reveals that India acted in bad faith and abused its public power by either amending laws retroactively or by scrapping licences without following due process or going back on specific and written assurances that induced investors to invest. In none of these cases, the foreign investors challenged India’s regulatory measures aimed at advancing the genuine public interest. The absence of a “Phillip Morris moment” in India’s ISDS story is a stark reminder that one should give due weight to the equally compelling narrative that ISDS claims are also a result of abuse of public power by States. Originality/value The originality value of this paper arises from the fact that this is the first comprehensive study of ISDS cases brought against India and provides full documentation within the larger global context of rising ISDS cases. The paper contributes to the debate on international investment law by showing that in the case of India most of the ISDS cases brought were due to India abusing its public power and was not an affront on India’s regulatory autonomy.
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Ledda, Veredigna M., and Fatima Lourdes E. Del Prado. "Innovation in Philippine transnational corporations: case studies." Asian Journal of Technology Innovation 21, sup1 (October 15, 2013): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2013.819235.
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Kabaivanov, Stanimir Ivanov, and Veneta Markovska. "Making a Difference: Accounting for the Impact of Management Decisions in Environmental Management." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 66, no. 2 (2019): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2019-0014.
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Management decisions are typically meant to be making a lasting impact, or at least bringing us one step closer to a long-term goal. Yet there are situations where it is hard to link decisions made and results achieved. The problem gets more complex when comparing different backgrounds, as management quality is often assessed either in specific organizational context (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 1994; Coggburn and Schneider, 2003) or in a finite number of case-studies. These methods have been successfully used for a long time in corporate environment (Gong et al., 2018) and for public sector decisions (Eller et al., 2018), but their application is not as easy when facing problems that are affected by multiple economy-wide factors, and/or by variables that are not directly observable. We study the long term impact on management decisions in environmental management by using market information on different instruments used to manage and control environmental pollution and risk. The core reason for choosing this approach is that market data is able to account for economic reasons and capture changes that go beyond the scope of an individual corporation or a public agency.
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El-Aby, Mohammed Farouk. "Towards a Green Building: Opportunities and Challenges in Lebanon." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.27.
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Due to the current resource depletion rates, as well as the growing need toward energy and water efficiency, Governments and the private sector adopted the concept of the Green Building, given the fact that buildings are responsible for energy and raw materials on a large scale. That need is clearly manifested in the developing countries facing energy efficiency challenges. Hence, this research highlights the efforts of the governmental and the non-for-profit organizations; represented by Lebanese Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Energy and Water, Lebanon Green Building Council (LGBC) and funded by the International Finance Corporation of the World Bank. The research summarizes the opportunities and challenges of adopting this concept to the benefit of Lebanon and other countries undergoing the same circumstances and facing the same challenges. In the process of reaching a conclusion, the researcher adopted the analytical and the case study methods through two main axes. The former attends to the theoretical studies which include the definition, the principles, the benefits and the global and local rating system of the Green Building. The latter axis addresses the Lebanese experiment through the review of the Opportunities and the Challenges facing the Green Building in Lebanon, and the ARZ Building Rating System. It also illustrates and analyzes a pioneering project in Lebanon that employed the green building patterns, the Ammiq Eco-Restaurant in Bekaa region. The paper is concluded by a set of recommendations that can be the foundation for similar experiences aspiring for adopting the green building as a cornerstone in the arena of sustainable development.
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Boyd, Brian K., and Angelo M. Solarino. "Ownership of Corporations." Journal of Management 42, no. 5 (March 23, 2016): 1282–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316633746.
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The ownership of corporations has been studied in multiple disciplines and using diverse theoretical frameworks for several decades. Despite a wealth of research, both research gaps and contradictory findings are common. This is partly due to the fragmentation of the foci of individual studies. We synthesize the work done to date through a content analysis of 145 articles and 523 effect size estimates. On the basis of this review, we develop an integrated perspective to understand how institutional, government, family, executive, and board ownership affect a variety of firm outcomes. We conclude by offering new theoretical and contextual directions to better understand the role of ownership in shaping firm outcomes.
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Tarasov, A. A. "Eurobond Flotation by Russian Corporations and Finance Institutions." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 17, no. 6 (December 4, 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-6-54-61.
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Eurobonds are one of the key instruments of international corporate financing. The article studies Eurobond market as a source of raising cash by Russian corporations and finance institutions. It provides structural parameters of Eurobonds and depicts types of securities available on debt market for Russian issuers (issues with one or several tranches, benchmark issues). The author analyzes results of Russian issuers’ flotation, including high activity on Eurobond market of exporting companies and successful flotation of ruble Eurobonds. The article studies transaction aspects of Eurobonds market: the role of principle participants of the deal (leading managers, global coordinators, book-runners) and key stages of the security flotation process (getting the credit rating, preparation of legal papers, syndication and marketing on market). It makes a comparative analysis of key instruments of raising finance by Russian borrowers on international markets of debt capital – Eurobonds and syndicated credits. These instruments both compete and supplement each other, which was proven by using the combination of Eurobonds and syndicated credits by leading borrowers. The article comes to the conclusion that combined use of these debt instruments for solving a wide range of finance problems is optimal for corporate capital structure and finance institutions.
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Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson. "Preface to the Fourth Issue of Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2017.1.4.29.
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I welcome you with most significant pleasure and honour to the Volume 1 Issue 4 of Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance. In this Issue 4, the emphasis is placed on accounting, taxation, business administration, corporate governance and risk management, accounting regulation and financial reporting, and accounting.
In the first paper entitled “Board Characteristics, Corporate Performance and CEO Turnover Decisions: An empirical study of listed Non-financial Companies”, Mr Yahya Uthman Abdullahi (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Dr. Rokiah Ishak (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia) and Dr. Norfaiezah Sawandi (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia) examine the influence of board characteristics and corporate performance on CEO turnover decisions using a sample of 144 firms from non-financial companies listed on the Nigerian Stock exchange between the periods of 2011 to 2015. The study adopts agency and resource dependency theories to support its objectives and applies a logistic regression statistical technique to analyse the results. The results show that board nominating committee has a significant positive relationship with CEO turnover and board gender diversity has a negative influence on CEO turnover. Also, the study also finds that poor corporate performance leads to CEO turnover. In concurring with the findings, the study suggests to the government to enact legislation on gender quota for more women appointment on the board of the corporation to better the performance of the firm, and as well to enhance the monitoring role of the board.
In the second paper with the caption “Factors affecting the productivity of IRBM Field Tax Auditor: A Case Study in Malaysia”, Mr Sabin Samitah (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Prof Dr Kamil Md Idris (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia) and Dr Saliza Abdul Aziz (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia) explore the idea of factors affecting the productivity of field tax auditors in the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM). This study is significant because IRBM has not yet implemented a systematic method of deploying officers to the field tax audit unit throughout Malaysia. The factors identified could be used as a reference in designing future human development programme in IRBM with particular emphasis on field tax auditors. Several variables have been defined, which broadly classified into individual characteristics and external factors. Data for the analysis are sourced from IRBM’s internal database, unpublished records and direct questionnaire of all respondents engaged in the field audit in Klang Valley. The proposed idea would analyse the relationship between auditors’ productivity and various variables based on the initial assumption that all variables are influencing the productivity through direct impact. This is, however, merely an initial expectation and subject to further data analysis once the data collection is implemented and completed.
In the third paper with the title “Knowledge sharing and barriers in Organisations: A conceptual paper on Knowledge-Management Strategy”, Mr Saravanan Nadason (School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Associate Prof Dr Ram Al-Jaffri Saad (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia) and Dr Aidi Ahmi (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia) investigates the barriers that give impact towards the knowledge sharing among individuals in organisations. Knowledge sharing becomes the significant part of many organisations’ knowledge-management strategy. Even though the knowledge sharing is signifying practice for organisations’ competitiveness directly and market performance indirectly, several barriers make it difficult for knowledge management to achieve the goals and deliver a positive return on investment (ROI). The barriers were identified through literature reviews. The findings of previous studies revealed that several factors affect the knowledge sharing in organisations. This paper provides the analysis of significant factors that influence knowledge sharing in organisations, which comprise the individuals, culture, technology and organisation.
In the fourth paper entitled “Ownership Structure and Earnings Management of listed Conglomerates in Nigeria”, Dr Musa Adeiza Farouk (Department of Accounting, Ahmadu Bello University) and Dr Nafiu Muhammad Bashir (Department of Business Administration, Ahmadu Bello University) examine the effect of ownership structure on earnings management of listed conglomerates in Nigeria. Ownership structure is represented with managerial ownership, institutional ownership, block ownership and foreign ownership, while earnings management is measured using modified Jones model by Dechow, Sloan and Sweeney (1995). Data were obtained from the six listed conglomerates on the Nigerian Stock Exchange covering the period 2008-2014 through their annual reports and accounts. The findings show that managerial ownership and ownership concentration have a significant and adverse effect on earnings management of listed conglomerates in Nigeria, while foreign ownership recorded positive and significant impact on earnings management of firms, institutional ownership was however reported to have an insignificant but negative influence on earnings management. The study, therefore, recommends that management should be encouraged to have more interest through shares in the organisation as it enables them to have more sense of belonging, which in turn will help mitigate their opportunistic tendencies. Also, the institutional ownership should be improved upon through allotment of more shares as these categories of investors are well informed and could be more vigilant over their stake in the organisation thereby performing monitoring role to mitigate earnings management.
In the fifth paper with the title “Corporate Governance Structure and Firm Performance: A Case Study of Malaysian University Holdings Companies”, Prof Dr Wan Nordin Wan Hussina (Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Dr. Norfaiezah Sawandi (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), and Dr Hasnah Shaari (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia) analyse the corporate governance structure and performance of Malaysian public university holding companies from 2010 to 2014. The sample comprises eight public university holding companies. Data were obtained by using three methods, namely: survey, semi-structured interview, and documentation review. The board structure and board sub-committees practices of these case organisations were evaluated against the best practice recommendation of (i) the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2012, (ii) the Green Book 2006, and (iii) other relevant acts. The firm performance is measured using four indicators which are sales, profit before tax, net profit margin and return on equity. Overall, their study finds that the practice and structure of corporate governance of the holding companies are excellent. However, their study reveals non-compliance by companies about certain aspects of the recommendations of Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance 2012 (MCCG) and the Green Book. The study also observed that the practice of governance between the university companies is not uniform. The findings provide an insight into the competence of the ministry of higher education as the shareholder to improve the monitoring of the public university holding companies.
As you read through this Vol. 1 Issue 4 of IPJAF, I would like to reiterate that the success of the journal depends on your active participation and those of your colleagues and friends through submission of high-quality articles within the journal scope for review and publication.
I acknowledge your support as we endeavour to make IPJAF the most authoritative journal on accounting and finance for the community of academic, professional, industry, society and government.
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Kemfert, Claudia, Dorothea Schäfer, Willi Semmler, and Aleksandar Zaklan. "Green Finance: Case Studies." Green Finance: Case Studies 88, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.88.3.5.
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Limmack, R. J. "Case studies in finance." British Accounting Review 22, no. 1 (March 1990): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-8389(90)90120-7.
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Shah, Udayan K., Richard J. Schmidt, S. S. Musheer Hussain, Steven P. Cook, Gina M. Smith, Barbara E. Ziv, and James S. Reilly. "Article Commentary: Case Studies in Corporate Compliance." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 141, no. 2 (August 2009): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.05.001.
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An interdisciplinary, proactive perspective allows providers to engage in productive, long-term collaborative relationships with corporations, while 1) maintaining patient care improvements; 2) maintaining legality; 3) enhancing technical and clinical innovation; and 4) providing fair compensation for work done. The case study approach is used to demonstrate an effective approach to compliant behavior.
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Shimamoto, Mihoko. "Normative Corporate Income Tax with Rent for SDGs’ Funding: Case of the U.S." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043176.
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The purpose of this study is to explain the justification for taxing corporate rents as a funding source for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and to calculate a normative corporate tax rate that takes into account rents for corporations, especially multinational corporations, and to recommend that the current corporate tax surcharge be used to finance social common capital. Considering global tax avoidance, we propose that many countries cooperate to raise their corporate taxes and finance SDGs. Aiming to calculate a normative corporate tax rate with rents for each country, we applied the total factor productivity method for calculating the markup rate, assumed long-term interest rates to be the marginal efficiency of capital, and developed a normative corporate tax rate calculation method. Using a Cobb–Douglas function in dynamic pseudo-competitive profit optimal conditions, we calculated the rents of 234 American corporations listed on the S&P 500 index. The normative tax rates from 1982 to 2014 for these companies are stable at 40 to 60%, whereas corporate income tax has gradually decreased from 40% to less than 30%. Thus, the amount lost due to the race to the bottom of corporate taxes can be used to finance the SDGs.
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BuHamdan, Samer, Aladdin Alwisy, Ahmed Bouferguene, and Mohamed Al-Hussein. "The application of multi-attribute utility theory for a market share-based design evaluation." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 12, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 985–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-11-2018-0087.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use the concepts of the multi-attribute utility theory to develop a model to evaluate the design of low-density residential units to increase the profit of the company from a certain design, by assessing the changes in the market shares as a result of the built unit’s attributes.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed platform consists of two stages: Stage I or relational model development and Stage II or design evaluation. Stage I is concerned with developing a mathematical model that links design variables (e.g. the R-Value of the building envelope and construction material) with the assessment attributes (e.g. price and carbon emissions). Stage II ensures the fulfillment of the corporation’s goals in maximizing profit and market shares using multi-attribute utility theory.FindingsThe application of the proposed model on a case study – a single-family house – shows that reducing the selling price of the unit is not always the best marketing strategy builders should pursue to increase their sales and accordingly their profit, as accounting for other attributes (e.g. performance, operational cost and environmental impact) leads to larger changes in the market shares and accordingly in profit.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research are manifested in the following points: it does not account for the impact of the marketing campaigns on the market shares; it considers the profit as a percentage of the construction cost; and it has not been validated on high-density residential buildings.Practical implicationsThis research provides speculative builders with a platform that allows the objective evaluation of houses’ designs prior to introducing them to the market so builders can increase their market shares and consequently their profit. The proposed platform also contributes to increasing the sustainable performance of the housing industry, as it allows for the assessment of the design against economic, environmental and social attributes concurrently, which ensures a balanced consideration of the built houses on sustainability pillars.Social implicationsThe proposed platform for design evaluation extends the assessment attributes beyond the traditionally considered economic and environmental attributes. By doing so, it assists decision-makers in evaluating the potential social influence of the proposed design and, as a result, reduces the unwanted impact.Originality/valueThis research combines the concepts of multi-attribute utility with market studies to develop an objective decision support tool for evaluating the design of speculative houses to increase the sustainable performance of the builders without compromising on their profit.
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Noble, Charles. "The management of training in multinational corporations: comparative case studies." Journal of European Industrial Training 21, no. 3 (April 1997): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090599710161801.
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Salunke, Prof K. A., S. S. Pulate, S. V. Shinde, A. V. Waghchaure, and Y. S. Shankhpal. "Case Study on National Highway Construction Using Bot." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43161.
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Abstract: The public-private partnership (PPP) models that have been used in procuring the National Highways projects include Build- Operate-Transfer (BOT) (Toll) and BOT (Annuity) models.... This paper focuses on the various approaches that have been used for financing of PPP road projects in India. To assess the risks involved in BOT PROJECT by studying a specific case of Implementation of integrated road development program me (IRDP) in the city on built, operate & transport (BOT) basis. To Study the individualistic approach of the involved parties. BOT has been one of the recent innovations in project finance. The Build-Operate Transfer (BOT) scheme is a limited recourse financing technique. Many have adopted this approach as an alternative to traditional public financing for infrastructure development projects. This study examines the type of SOCIAL risk due to, force shutdown of toll booths due to public riots. This paper mainly representing the risk in BOT due to political & public pressure. A case study of IRDP project implemented in municipal corporation area through BOT is studied in details. Keywords: BOT, Public private partnership, lumpsum, concessionaire's
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Chang, Eunmi, and M. Susan Taylor. "Control in Multinational Corporations (MNCs): The Case of Korean Manufacturing Subsidiaries." Journal of Management 25, no. 4 (August 1999): 541–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500404.
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Using both agency theory and comparative national culture frameworks, this study investigated factors determining the degree and type of control used by American and Japanese MNCs on their Korean subsidiaries. Two characteristics of MNCs affected the control they exerted—the degree of MNCs’ ownership, which affected the amount of control, and the nationality of the MNC’s headquarters, which affected the type of control exerted. As predicted, the size of the subsidiary relative to the MNC, moderated the relationship between the degree of ownership and amount of output control the MNC exerted. Overall, the study supported the usefulness of agency theory in explaining the degree of management control exerted, while national culture accounted for the type of control exerted.
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Stancic, Predrag, Miroslav Todorovic, and Milan Cupic. "Value-based management and corporate governance: A study of Serbian corporations." Ekonomski anali 57, no. 193 (2012): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1293093s.
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The aim of this paper is to determine the place and role of corporate governance and performance measures in the efforts of managers to maximize shareholder value, and the attitude of Serbian corporations toward these issues. The paper first analyses the importance of corporate governance and performance measures in the context of value-based management. Then, through the multiple case study, we investigate the attitude of seven Serbian corporations toward defining the general corporate objective, corporate governance, and performance measurement. Finally, we point out the factors and preconditions that determine corporate culture, objective definition, and performance measures used by Serbian corporations.
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Yeung, Yue‐Man, and Xiaojian Li. "Bargaining with Transnational Corporations: The Case of Shanghai." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23, no. 3 (September 1999): 513–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00210.
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Yeung, Yue-man, and Xiaojian Li. "Transnational Corporations and Local Embeddedness: Company Case Studies from Shanghai, China." Professional Geographer 52, no. 4 (November 2000): 624–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00251.
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Klychova, Guzaliya, Alsou Zakirova, Almaz Nigmetzyanov, Igor Nikitenko, and Gamlet Ostaev. "Efficiency of corporate finance: formation of accounting and management tools." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 10038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127310038.
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The commercial sector of the economy is the guarantor of the stability of the state functioning, since the economic subjects employed in it are able to combine personal (entrepreneurial) interests with the interests of the population, thanks to their economic potential formed at the expense of business processes aimed at profit (the main source of financing measures to meet human needs for the existing benefits). The purpose of the study - the formation of accounting and management tools that allow corporations to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of financial relationships, taking into account all the conditions of activity inherent in big business. In the course of the study the calculative-constructive, deductive and inductive methods were used, which allow to interconnect dialectically resultant and factor efficiency indicators, in our case, in the sphere of corporate finance, through multiple-additive correlation of efficiency and cost of financial relations in big business. The article presents the system of indicators developed by the authors, offered to corporations for assessment by the accounting and management apparatus of efficiency of their financial relations, which play the key role in business due to the greatest liquidity of monetary resources. The toolkit of such a system is built on the study of controlled and uncontrolled conditions of corporations' functioning. The use by corporations of the recommended author's approach will provide them with the optimization of the result and costs (profit and expenses) and, accordingly, the effectiveness and cost effectiveness (direct and indirect profitability or profitability) of activities, by which their financial efficiency is determined.
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SMIRNOV, Valerii V. "Russian finance formation tactics amid the COVID-19 pandemic." Finance and Credit 28, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.28.1.81.
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Subject. This article studies the tactical practices of Russian finance formation. Objectives. The article aims to identify critical indicators and ways to implement the policy of forming Russian finance amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analyses. Results. The article identifies critical indicators of the tactics of forming Russian finance amid the COVID-19 pandemic and finds that the policy of forming Russian finance in the context of COVID-19 is implemented within the framework of statutory regulation of requirements for the private sector and other obligations to other deposit corporations, as well as requirements for other deposit and financial corporations. Conclusions. The identified critical indicators of the tactics of forming Russian finance amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the way it is implemented can help the government of the Russian Federation adjust actions to support economic growth.
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Nyamita, Micah Odhiambo, Nirmala Dorasamy, and Hari Lall Garbharran. "How Debt Financing Decisions Relate With Financial Performance Of State-Owned Corporations In Kenya." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 4 (July 14, 2015): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i4.9373.
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Financing decisions, especially debt financing, have been revealed to have noteworthy implications for the operations of corporations. Studies on finance have revolved around the theory that certain financial policies, like debt financing, should either boost or hamper a corporations competitive performance. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the effects of debt financing on the financial performance of state-owned corporations in Kenya. The financial leverage, which is the proportion of debt financing of state-owned corporations, based on the total debt and the total assets, was the object of analysis for the period 2002 to 2012. The fixed effects (FE), random effects (RE) and the generalized method of moments (GMM) panel data regression analysis models were applied using the financial performance ratios, such as ROA, ROI and ROE. The results determined that debt financing is inversely related to financial performance of state-owned corporations in Kenya.
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Jeong, Seong-Jun, and Dong-Beom Choi. "ESG and Managerial Agency Problems*." Korean Journal of Financial Studies 51, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 417–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2022.08.51.4.417.
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Criticism of conventional shareholder supremacy triggered urges for incorporating the stakeholder perspective and the Environmental(E), Social(S) and Governance(G) issues in managerial decisions. However, the corporations in Korea still lack proper corporate governance to protect shareholder benefits from managerial agency problems. In that case, adopting vague, not readily assessable objectives may lead to a lack of managerial accountability and exacerbate the agency problem. We find that Tobin’s Q of firms without good governance declined when their environmental and social ratings improved, suggesting “E,” “S,” and “G” are not independent. Corporations should prioritize establishing
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Yao, Qin, and Eric C. Schwarz. "Transnational venue management corporations and local embeddedness." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 18, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-05-2016-0008.
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Purpose The case of the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai, China raises an important issue with respect to transnational venue management corporations embedding and operating in foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine how Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) has implemented social embeddedness strategy to influence the management structure and enhance operational performance of the Mercedes-Benz Arena. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach was chosen to examine the social embeddedness of AEG through the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai. An in-depth interview was conducted with John Cappo, the President and CEO of AEG China, in April 2016. In addition, the relative news and interviews of leaders from AEG and AEG China over the past ten years was also collected. Qualitative content analysis of the data was conducted through a coding approach. All the materials were coded into three main categories based on three aspects of social embeddedness: local stakeholder relations, reputation and trust-building, cultural and institutional adaptation. Findings AEG has demonstrated how a transnational venue management corporation can successfully integrate social embeddedness strategy with the management structure and operational procedures of the Mercedes-Benz Arena in three ways. First is through the relationship between AEG and its partners in the joint venture, OPG in terms of the enforcement of the contract, the clear division of responsibilities, and the mutual understanding and use of relationship building. Second is the relationship between AEG and the local government in Shanghai. Third was adapting the structures of AEG to fit within local culture and institutional contexts. Originality/value The unique multi-stakeholder relationship inherent to venue management in China raises important questions with respect to transnational venue management corporations operating in foreign markets. The adaptation to the local context, as a moderating factor to the institutional exposure of a venue management company involves more challenging obstacles for non-local firms, compared to firms which are familiar with their institutional context. Understanding the key solutions in building relationships and trust with partners in joint venture and local government, as well as the key methods to adopt in local contexts, have applications across any number of sport industries.