Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Corporate environmentalism'

There has been a steadily growing concern by governments, NGO's and international agencies regarding the rising rate of consumption in industrialised countries. Despite warnings and evidence showing the relationship between rising consumption and climate change, and the uptake of initiatives and education at business and consumer levels, the trend towards consuming more and more continues unabated. Questions have been raised regarding the relationship between marketing and rising consumption. In line with this, the research will investigate the responsibility of marketing to encourage consumers to moderate their consumption behaviour.  The research will address three broad objectives:· To identify whether marketing professionals feel responsible for encouraging consumers to moderate their consumption· To identify and explain the reasons why marketers would encourage moderation of consumption· To understand the construct 'marketing responsibility to encourage moderation of consumption' and explain the influences upon the acceptance of responsibilityThe research adopted a mixed-methods design. Qualitative research methods were used to explore perceptions of responsibility and develop a typology of motivations to explain why marketers would encourage moderation. An online, quantitative survey (n=359) was conducted in the USA and UK in January 2011. The results evidenced an acceptance of responsibility which is suggestive of a changing role for the marketing discipline. The results found support for the typology of motivations which were developed during the qualitative phase of the research, in particular, highlighting the importance of ethical and cost-saving motivations. The level of environmentalism in the workplace, and in the private life of the marketer, was found to influence the acceptance of marketing responsibility to encourage moderation. Finally, the motivation to remain competitive was also associated with the acceptance of marketing responsibility. The acceptance of responsibility to encourage moderation of consumption highlights a changing role for marketing which could potentially signify far-reaching changes in practical terms, in the way marketing is taught, and in the public policy domain.

The environmental governance of multinational corporations in developing countries is relatively understudied. Much of the existing work on the greening of industry focuses on one scale of governance (international, national or local), without adequately accounting for the socio-spatial complexities, either external or internal to the firm, which influence the take up and implementation of corporate environmentalism at the site level. My thesis explores how and why corporate environmentalism has evolved in three South African fuel oil refineries (two in Durban and one in Cape Town) between 1994 and 2006. Institutional and organisational theory, with insights from the literature on spatialities of corporate greening, informs this study. An analytical framework of multinational corporation complexity and organisational field dynamics is established to explore the process of institutional and organisational change. At the macro or organisational field level, actors compete to construct meanings of legitimate corporate environmental practice. Organisational fields are shaped by the interaction between institutional actors, institutional logics and governance structures. At the micro level, firm legitimation strategies and characteristics may explain how corporate greening differs. The research findings are triangulated using key informant interviews, document analysis and social network analysis. Punctuated by key events, bifurcated processes of institutional and organisational change are documented. In Durban changing normative and cognitive institutions drove the evolution of regulation: above all, an internationally networked civil society exercised discursive power by demanding environmental justice and corporate accountability from the private and public sectors. In Cape Town the organisational field remained fragmented as community-driven discursive strategies did not achieve significant governance outcomes and institutional and organisational change evolved more slowly. The company with the most significant home country and parent company pressure, Shell/Sapref, made the most gains in repairing its legitimacy and improving its environmental performance. In sum, corporate environmentalism in post-apartheid South Africa has been contested and constructed by processes of scalar and place-based politics.

In this dissertation, I examine the role of private sector engagement in environmental governance. The relationship between mainstream environmentalism and the private sector has moved from one of general hostility to one of constructive engagement in recent times. As a result, the traditional distinctions between environmental non-governmental organizations and private corporations have become blurred, making way for public-private hybrids, facilitated by frameworks of philanthropy, sponsorship, and corporate social responsibility. Connected to these broader reconfigurations in environmental governance are simultaneous alterations in the normative framework of mainstream environmentalism. Ideologically, environmental policy and neoliberalism are now intertwined, entangling assumptions about nature and culture, and reflected in the popularization of environmental protection mechanisms that are deeply embedded in the values of the market economy. Analyzing particular examples of such engagements, and informed by Gramscian theory, I analyze the connections between rising corporate presence in mainstream environmentalism and broader normative and practical change, focusing, in particular, on the frameworks of ecomodernism and the Green Economy. I argue that contemporary private sector engagement in environmentalism leads to the support, production and construction of powerful environmentalisms: environmental ideologies and practices that gain power from, not in spite of, prevailing dominant interests. As such, these powerful environmentalisms tend to produce and reproduce elite processes of capitalist production and prioritize instrumental norms of human-nature relations, while marginalizing others. I conclude by outlining suggestions in support of a democratic environmental politics that represents and recognizes a more diverse array of actors, human-nature relationships, and frameworks of environmental care.

This study examines Corporate Social Responsibility in Sustainable Development and the notion of the Triple Bottom Line as an imperative in today’s socially responsible corporation. Standardization is used as a tool for integrating social and environmental costs and benefits into the financial bottom line of an organization. This research aims to discover what standards or methods are used to measure social and environmental progress in three organizations in Houston, Texas and the implied potential for CSR as a driver for profitability. The primary data included in this research was captured through semi-structured qualitative interviews with upper level management of the three companies included in the final study. The results consistently supported positive correlations between CSR and improvements in company image and stakeholder relations. One participant was also able to report evidence of increased profitability through cost containment as a result of their integration of CSR initiatives throughout their organization.

Drawing on perspectives from stakeholder, resource dependence, institutional and the resource based theories and using a multiple-case inductive study, this research reframes the drivers of corporate environmentalism in the context of developing and developed countries. Based on case analysis of 23 environmentally responsive organizations in India and New Zealand, corporate environmentalism in this research has been operationalized as a two level construct. Organizations were categorized as being at first order responsiveness when they were observed to recognize the importance of the natural environment and exhibited attempts to decrease their impact on the natural environment through the adoption of programmes aimed at pollution reduction and prevention, decreased resource consumption and recycling of wastes. Organizations at second order responsiveness were observed to exhibit a higher order commitment in integrating environmental issues into their strategic decision making. This involved strategies such as green product development and initiating projects aimed at industrial ecology. Detailed within and cross case analysis revealed fundamental differences in the drivers that propel business organizations in developing and developed countries to be environmentally responsive at each level. The findings of this study reveal that lax enforcement of environmental regulations in developing countries implied that domestic regulations were not a driving factor for corporate environmentalism. Neither was pressure from consumers or communities reported to be a driving factor. Instead first order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be driven by pressure arising out of internationalization. Thus pressure from multinational organizational customers in developed countries and the institutional pressures imposed by the liability of foreignness (that arises when these firms set up subsidiaries in developed countries) drives first order responsiveness in the organizations in developing countries. However higher order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be associated with deep rooted identities and capabilities based in social responsiveness. In the context of business organizations in developed countries, the necessity to comply with stringently enforced domestic environmental regulations emerged as the primary driver for first order responsiveness. Societal expectations to comply with environmental regulations reinforce the regulatory drivers. Internationalization drives first order responsiveness in organizations in developed countries to the extent that the requirements of the host country are additional to and exceed current regulatory requirements in the parent country. Higher order corporate environmentalism in organizations in developed countries was observed to be associated with environmentally high impact organizations. Such organizations are considered environmental liabilities and are forced by stakeholders (with access to resource needed for continuity of operations) to exhibit higher order responsiveness or face a cancellation of the license to operate. The major contribution of this research lies in extending and reframing the existing theory about the drivers of corporate environmentalism.

In general, policymakers are often faced with a different choice, i.e., the choice between using regulation-based instruments and using incentive-based instruments, where the policy instruments could be based either on mandatory approach or voluntary approach with economic incentives in market. Historically, industrial economists have regarded the issue of policy design as the one focused primarily on the choice among alternative policy instruments, where those are generally viewed as falling into two broad categories: regulation-based instruments and incentive-based instruments. Through the theoretical and empirical analysis, this study identifies some key features that are likely to increase both the effectiveness and efficiency of industrial policies with voluntary and mandatory approaches. One key feature is the existence of a strong relationship between innovation and industrial policies. The explorative innovation increases the incentives for participation in long-term but also reduces the financial incentives in short-term. Considering firms' characteristics and industry sector also increases the synergy effect of policies and regulations. In sum, when based on the understanding and consideration on the nature of innovation and other impact factors, industrial policy can provide a mechanism for meeting industrial quality goals both effectively and efficiently. This understanding also can help policy makers to decide whether or not use of such policy approach is advisable and to design the policy ensuring that it is as effective and efficient as possible. Consequently, the current study investigates the difference and tendency of industrial policy approaches and the type of innovation carrying out three analyses according to the mandatory and voluntary approaches. With the assumption that the mandatory approach has short-run impact to prompt new technology or grow a specific industry, we firstly assess the impact of regulation, such as privatization of nature monopoly. Using the firms' data of 20 OECD countries between 1994 and 2008, we can claim that considering interaction among liberalization policies and allowing the industry characteristics are critical to determine for the Profitability effect and Operational efficiency effect and level of investments. Secondly, this study analyzes the relationship between 'Corporate Environmentalism' and composition of innovation using the Carbon Discloser Project (CDP) and (Dow Jones Sustainability Index) DJSI index data. The result shows the significant variation of firms' investment activities according to the industry sector, firm characteristics, sustainable and environmental behaviors of firms. Finally, this study identifies the relationship between 'Business-led Initiatives (CSR)' and innovation activities of firms. Using the Vigeo rating and financial data in 2009, this study shows the relationship between CSR and innovation activities of firms. Consequently, when the firm builds their short- and long-run business strategies, the consideration of the relationship between types of investment and CSR practice will lead to more synergic effect on the outcome of investments. The findings of this study could provide a comprehensive understanding on the effect of sustainable management strategies on the innovation and sustainability of firms.

This dissertation consists of three empirical analyses examining the interactive and evolving nature of government regulations and how the regulated industries respond to the changes in the regulatory climate. Using the U.S. pulp and paper mills as an example, the three essays bring together a number of strands of literature in environmental economics and policy studies discussing how changes in the U.S. environmental policy are shaped by industry concerns and which strategies firms choose in order to adjust to the changes in policy. Essay 1 examines if, in addition to the standard input factors, indirect costs associated with tax and environmental policies affect papermakers’ ‘stay put’ investment decisions. The findings suggest that state environmental stringency has a negative impact on investments, but it is statistically insignificant and higher taxes do not deter investments. The Essay 2 studies whether voluntary abatement and prevention efforts at pulp and paper mills affects regulatory stringency they face. The analysis tests the hypotheses of ‘responsive regulation’ and whether regulators are driven by numerical pollution targets or budgetary constraints. The findings suggest that voluntary pollution abatement and prevention have greater impact on regulatory stringency than government budgets. Finally, Essay 3 analyzes the relationship between pollution prevention (P2) policy instruments and adoption of P2 modifications. The study tests the hypotheses of whether P2 policy instruments have positive impact on P2 adoptions. The results suggest that the policy instruments have different effects on different types of P2 modifications and that regulatory and political threat is a strong predictor of P2 adoptions.

Ce travail étudie les composants de l’évolution territoriale et socio-économique de la région du Jari, située au nord de l’Amazonie brésilienne, en identifiant les différents processus de transformation ainsi que les structures spatiales actuelles. Longtemps à l’écart des dynamiques nationales du peuplement et du développement, celle-ci connait, au XXe siècle, un développement socioéconomique en deux étapes : Le premier, au début du siècle, à partir d’une occupation conditionnée par l’extractivisme (exploitation de ressources naturelles de la forêt, comme le caoutchouc ou la noix du Brésil), et organisée autour d’un latifundiaire sur environ 2 millions d’hectares. Le deuxième, plus important, à la fin des années 1960, à partir de l’installation, sur ce même territoire, d’une grande entreprise agro-industrielle, le "projet Jari", par l’entrepreneur et multimillionnaire Américain D.K. Ludwig, qui visait à la production de la cellulose à grande échelle, et entraînait la construction d’une première infrastructure urbaine et industrielle dans une région de forêt primaire jusque-là intacte. Désormais indissociablement liées, les transformations socioéconomiques et territoriales de la région du Jari se sont depuis produites en tant qu’influence ou interaction directe avec l’évolution du projet Jari. Celui-ci, toujours en fonction dans la région aujourd’hui, a lui-même connu des transformations significatives depuis son installation en 1967: fortement polémiquée pour la non rentabilité économique, l’impact environnemental, et le gaspillage en ressources humaines de ses activités d’agrobusiness, le projet Jari du XXIe siècle émerge aujourd’hui, sous une nouvelle gestion (Orsa), comme une entreprise viable, certifiée, et pionnière en matière de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises en contexte amazonien. Les nouvelles stratégies territoriales développées par celle-ci et basées dans un discours de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises, ont permis à la Jari non seulement de conquérir une place stable sur le marché national et international de la cellulose, mais aussi à atténuer une conflit foncier de long date dans la région du Jari, qui a durablement marqué les relations entre l’entreprise, le gouvernement et les populations locales, dont plusieurs ont été déplacées de leurs terres lors de la transformation de larges parties de forêt primaire en plantations d’eucalyptus. La création, par la "nouvelle" entreprise, d’une Fondation sociale, censée de mettre en œuvre des petits projets socio-économiques dans la région, a en outre permis d’avancer le processus d’intégration territoriale visant à inclure enfin les communautés locales et les acteurs politiques à la gestion régionale et à l’utilisation des ressources, jusque-là monopolisée par l’entreprise. Sans être achevé, ce processus forme aujourd’hui la base solide pour une transformation "durable" du Jari, d’une vieille "enclave" économique de l’Américain à une région intégrée dont le potentiel est partagé parmi ses habitants
This thesis studies the components and phases of the socioeconomic and territorial evolution of the Jari river region, located at the north of the Brazilian Amazon, by identifying its different transformation processes and contemporary spatial structures. Longtime left aloof from national population and development dynamics, the region experiences a two-step economic and social evolution in the XX century: A first occupation, at the beginning of the century, that was conditioned by the exploitation of natural resources (rubber, Brazil nut) and led to the establishment of a "latifundium" covering about 2 million ha; and a second, more important occupation at the end of 1960ies by the an American businessman and multimillionaire D.K. Ludwig. The initiation, by the latter, of a huge agro-industrial enterprise, the "Jari project", aiming at a large-scale production of cellulose, lead to the construction of first urban infrastructures and industrial facilities in a region until then covered with intact primary forest. The socio-cultural, economical and political development of the Jari River region has since been intrinsically linked to the evolution of the Jari project. The project itself, which is still active in the region, has itself known significant change since its building up in 1967: strongly criticized during the 1970ies and 1980ies due to the lack of economic viability of its agro-industrial activities, as well as its ecological impact and its waste of human resources, the project of the XXI century, revived by a new management (Orsa), presents itself as an innovative, lucrative and certified firm, henceforth conscious of its social and environmental responsibility and thus of its pioneer role for the socioeconomic development of the Jari River region where it operates. The territorial strategies developed in this context by the company, which are embedded in a discourse of social and environmental corporate responsibility, have indeed permitted the company not only to establish itself on the national and international pulp market, but also to mitigate the long-standing land conflict between the Jari firm, the government and the local populations, who had been partly displaced from their lands by the transformation of huge parts of the rainforest into eucalyptus plantations. The creation of a firm-interne social Foundation in 2000, commissioned to carry into action small socioeconomic projects in the region, has also allowed to accelerate a process of territorial integration, aiming at including the local communities and political actors into the management of the region and its use of its natural resources, until then monopolized by the company. Not yet fully achieved, this process of territorial integration constitutes today a solid basis for a sustainable transformation of the region in the future, from the old "enclave" of the American into an integrated region whose potential is commonly shared by its habitants

O presente trabalho propõe-se a um estudo teórico-empírico da percepção dos trabalhadores de duas organizações acerca da interface do modelo de Gestão de Pessoas com a Gestão Socioambiental. Verificou-se, através do levantamento de dados entre os anos 2000 e 2005 do Guia Exame de Boa Cidadania Corporativa, quais as linhas de projetos mais significativas, o volume de investimentos e a concentração geográfica das ações, bem como os setores da economia que mais investiram no período. Identificou-se, ainda, (1) como a área de Recursos Humanos colabora com a sustentabilidade dos programas de caráter socioambiental, segundo funcionários da área de Recursos Humanos em relação a funcionários da área de Meio Ambiente, e (2) as percepções dos funcionários das mesmas áreas acerca da relação da área de RH com as ações socioambientais e a sustentabilidade. A questão básica de pesquisa foi verificar como ocorre a interface entre o modelo estratégico de Gestão de Pessoas e a Gestão Socioambiental nas organizações pesquisadas, tendo como objetivo geral analisar a interface entre o modelo estratégico de Gestão de Pessoas e a gestão socioambiental nas organizações. Através da identificação dos elementos propostos por Dutra (2002), procurou-se evidenciar o modelo de Gestão de Pessoas adotado nas organizações dentre os propostos: (1) departamento pessoal, (2) gestão do comportamento humano, (3) gestão estratégica de pessoas, e (4) vantagem competitiva Utilizou-se a análise descritiva para tratamento estatístico dos dados do Guia, e análise de conteúdo para as entrevistas e os dados coletados durante a pesquisa de campo. Os principais resultados encontrados no levantamento de dados do Guia Exame de Boa Cidadania Corporativa foram a concentração do volume de investimentos e do total de projetos na Região Sudeste do Brasil, com 59% do total apurado, com foco em projetos de (1) Educação e (2) Cultura, que receberam 57% dos recursos, e os setores que mais investiram no período foram (1) Bancos e Serviços Financeiros, tanto em quantidade (11%) quanto em volume de recursos (43%), (2) Química e Petroquímica com 10% do total de projetos e 9% do volume de investimentos, e (3) Serviços Públicos com 9% do total de projetos e 5% dos investimentos. Em se tratando do modelo de Gestão de Pessoas adotado pelas organizações, a organização Alfa está centrada no modelo de Gestão do Comportamento Humano, enquanto Beta na Gestão Estratégica de Pessoas, segundo Dutra (2002). Ambas encontram-se em transição para modelos mais desenvolvidos do que os vigentes, e a Gestão de Pessoas nestas organizações atua como área de apoio das questões relativas ao Meio Ambiente, atuando de forma mais presente nas questões sociais, mostrando que, embora na literatura já se utilize a Gestão Socioambiental para tratar destas questões em conjunto, na prática ainda é possível encontrá-las sendo trabalhadas separadamente.
The present work aims at a theoretical and empirical study of employees s perception on both organizations about the interface of the management people s model with social and environmental s management. It was through the survey data between 2000 and 2005 review of the Good Corporate Citizenship s guide, which lines most significant projects, the volume of investment and geographic concentration of activities and sectors of the economy that have invested most in the period. It was, moreover, (1) as Human Resources s area works with the sustainability of social programs that are, according officials from this area for employees in the Environment s área, and (2) the employees perceptions from same areas of the relationship with the area of HR actions and social sustainability. The basic question was to determine how the search is the interface between the managing people s strategic model in organizations and management Socioambiental surveyed, with the general aim to examine the interface between the strategic management and people management s models in social organizations. By identifying the elements proposed by Dutra (2002), it was clear the management model adopted in organizations of persons among the proposed: (1) department staff, (2) human behavior s management, (3) people s strategic management, and (4) competitive advantage It was used a quantitative descriptive data for guide s statistical processing, and content s qualitative analysis for interviews and data collected during field research. The survey data s main findings from the Good Corporate Citizenship s Review Guide was the concentration of total investments and projects s volume in Southeast Brazil, with 59% of the total established, focusing on projects that (1) Education and (2) Culture, who received 57% of the resources, and sectors that have invested most in the period were (1) Banks and Financial Services, both in quantity (11%) on volume of resources (43%), (2) Chemical and Petrochemical with 10% of total projects and 9% of the volume of investments, and (3) Public Services to 9% of total 5% of the projects and investments. Regarding the type of management adopted by persons s organizations, the organization is focused on Alfa model of human behavior s management, whereas Beta in Strategic People s Management, according to Dutra (2002). Both are in transition to more advanced models than the existing, and People s Management in these organizations serves as an area for support of issues concerning the environment, working in this most social issues, showing that although the literature has use the social and environmental s management to address these issues together, in practice it is still possible to find them and worked separately.

Recent trends indicate that firms are spending more money and resources on environmental protection and are seeking proactive ways to reduce the environment impact of their business actions. This dissertation discusses the impact of environmental issues on strategy formulation and proposes underlying themes of corporate environmentalism based on inclusion of the biophysical environment in strategy, formulation, and organization wide recognition of and response to environmental issues. Corporate environmentalism is proposed to consist of two constructs: an overall corporate environmental orientation wherein environmentalism is internalized as a corporate value, and an environmental strategic focus involving the integration of environmental issues into the strategic planning process. The construct of corporate environmentalism is operationalized and the relationship with its antecedents is empirically tested. Using theoretical perspectives from ecology, marketing, and strategic management, this study builds an integrated model of corporate environmentalism including its antecedents and consequences. Public concern, threat of legislation, top management commitment, long term focus, and the need for competitive advantage are some antecedents that were gleaned from the literature. A two-stage methodology was used: the first stage involved in-depth interviews with managers of 6 firms. Based on these interviews three models of corporate environmentalism were constructed. The second stage involved empirical testing of these models. A survey instrument was designed and mailed to 1012 firms. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the constructs of corporate environmentalism was done to examine the dimensionality of the constructs. The models were tested using path analysis. Top management commitment and the need for competitive advantage emerged as the two key variables that explained corporate environmentalism. Public concern and the threat of legislation indirectly influenced corporate environmentalism through top management commitment. Strategic implications of corporate environmentalism for firms are discussed and a framework for future research on environmental issues facing business is proposed.

Mining companies occasionally, through acquisition or purchase, inherit old mining sites. These mining sites may contain exploration potential or the potential for new mine development, and most contain environmental liabilities. This paper describes how one company has evaluated their property holdings and, where the potential for further exploration or development is remote, has developed a strategy for reducing liability by reclaiming these dormant facilities. Citing the example of the Giant Nickel property, located near Hope, B.C., Homestake Canada Inc's reclamation strategy will be followed from the first stage of site assessment, hazard identification, and reclamation work scheduling, through reclamation activities at the site, including the reclamation of the mill site and tailings ponds, closure of all workings open to the surface and the disposition of a collapsed crown pillar. This paper will also outline the steps taken to ensure that the reclamation work effectively accomplished the goals of the reclamation strategy.

Interest in corporate environmentalism has exploded in recent years from a minor concern to a serious endeavor. Most firms today devote an average of 1-2% of revenues to environmental matters. Recent research has shown that an upstream, proactive approach to environmental strategy can lead to win-win outcomes and improved environmental and financial performance. Much has been learned about how top managers develop and promote proactive ecostrategies, and the details of employee contributions are also becoming clear. However, middle managers' contributions to realized ecostrategy are largely unexplored, as are multilevel aspects of environmental strategy making. Drawing from literatures of strategic processes, organizational behavior, and environmentalism, the dissertation hypothesized that attitudes, behaviors, communication style, and identity orientation of middle managers is associated with the promotion of environmental initiatives by subordinates. A quantitative case study tested the hypotheses. Three companies in the retail grocery business participated in the study, and survey data was collected from 584 managers at three organizational levels. The final sample consisted of 406 managers, and hierarchical linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results show that middle managers' activities and attitudes are indeed related significantly to emergent environmental initiatives in the organizations studied. Thus, middle managers are critical, central players in achieving environmental performance improvements. In addition, specific patterns of middle manager involvement varied significantly by company, and there were indications that these patterns were related to organizational culture. Other results include the development and validation of an expanded measure of environmental initiative development that, for the first time, delineates a multiphasic process and proves useful in understanding the nuanced nature of proactive ecostrategy making. Similarly, the dissertation combined and retested previous findings from organizational behavior, strategic, and relational models of organizational environmentalism, thereby permitting comparison of the relative influence of different factors for the first time. Finally, this study represents the first use of multilevel quantitative analysis, specifically multilevel regression and hierarchical linear modeling, in the study of environmentalism in organizations. These results reinforce the value of mesolevel studies of environmentalism by providing depth and nuance that is inaccessible in organization-level quantitative studies or qualitative case studies.

This thesis seeks to uncover women’s concerns about chemicals in the household, and, more specifically, in cleaning products. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with women who are primarily responsible for household cleaning and who consciously avoid conventional cleaning products. From a sociological standpoint, the topic remains unstudied. The women were critical of greenwashing and the institutions responsible for chemical regulation. Further, the women’s chemical-free lifestyle defied conventional definitions of activism. Sociological theories of risk are used to help understand women’s avoidance of chemicals. It was found that tenets of the precautionary principle were reflected in their reasoning for avoiding chemicals. Recent biomonitoring and body burden studies have influenced women’s knowledge of chemical risk and their decision to avoid them. The thesis demonstrates that risk-management, in this context, has become an individualized pursuit reflective of the neo-liberal ideology informing chemical regulation.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research