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Moreira, Alves Amanda. "Corporate Political Activity in the European Union." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED060.
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L’environnement politique dans lequel une entreprise exerce ses activités peut imposer plusieurs défis à sa performance, tels que de nouvelles taxes et législations qui encourageront leur engagement aux actions politiques (traduction du terme américain Corporate Political Activity – CPA). Ces actions ciblent les acteurs politiques et ont pour objectifs d’obtenir des avantages concurrentiels ou d’éviter des risques institutionnels liés à leur activité. Ces actions peuvent prendre la forme de lobbying, de contributions aux campagnes électorales et de poursuites judiciaires. Plusieurs résultats positifs des CPA sont documentés dans la littérature, mais la plupart d'entre eux font référence à l'environnement américain. Considérant que l'environnement institutionnel est essentiel pour le déploiement et les résultats des CPA, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'élargir l'analyse en étudiant l'environnement institutionnel européen. Dans ce but, cette thèse s’appuie sur trois axes de recherche liés au lobbying et aux poursuites judiciaires en utilisant une approche empirique dont l’objectif est d’explorer la dynamique de CPA et son impact sur l’environnement institutionnel européen. Le premier examine les facteurs déterminants de l'accès des entreprises aux représentants de la Commission européenne pour faire du lobbying. Le deuxième étudie l'élaboration de la réglementation du marché de gros d’itinérance afin de comprendre le déploiement des stratégies de lobbying et leurs résultats. Le troisième porte sur le processus décisionnel de la Commission européenne et de la Cour de Justice dans l'octroi des aides d'État dans l'Union européenneThe political environment where a firm operates can impose several challenges to its performance such as new taxes or legislation that will incentivize their engagement on Corporate Political Activities (CPA). These activities target political actors and intend to capture advantages or to avoid institutional risks in their own business environments. They can be deployed in the form of lobbying, campaign contributions, and litigation. The positive outcomes have been already documented in the literature, but most of them refer to the US environment. Taking into consideration that the institutional environment is essential for the deployment and outcomes of CPA, the main goal of this dissertation is to investigate CPA in the European Union level further using an empirical approach. Through three research projects related to lobbying and litigation in the EU, this dissertation explores the dynamics of CPA and how the institutional environment impacts on it. The first project examines the determinants of firms' access to the European Commission representatives. The second project studies the making of the wholesale roaming regulation to understand the deployment of lobbying strategies and their outcomes. The third project investigates the decision-making of the European Commission and the Court of the Justice in the processes of granting state aids in the European Union
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Ometto, Maria Paola Di Sessa de Luca. "Implicit corporate political activity and elite formation." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/12077.
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In this thesis, we analyze how a progressive business elite created the civil society organization Rede Nossa São Paulo (RNSP), achieving significant institutional changes, thus enabling the elite’s consolidation in the political sphere. The research yielded three articles. The first article discusses how RNSP became a strong political actor in the City of São Paulo and also in Brazil. To address this issue, we applied historical constructs to show how RNSP used history to become a central actor in the political sphere. In the second paper, we complement corporate political activity (CPA) theory by adding a new construct, implicit corporate political activity (ICPA), which conceptualizes how business elites together with civil society organizations can influence government. Since government, corporations and civil society organizations now have blurred boundaries; we understand that this concept is extremely important in drawing attention and creating new avenues for research in this novel environment. In the final article, we show the micro foundations of ICPA. Specifically, how business elites and corporations influence RNSP and, indirectly, government. Concluding, we contribute to the literature on how business influences government and the public sphere indirectly, through civil society organizations. Theoretically, we illuminate the literature of institutional theory, history, and power.
Nesta tese, analisamos como a elite empresarial progressista criou a organização da sociedade civil Rede Nossa São Paulo (RNSP), alcançando mudanças institucionais significativas, permitindo assim a consolidação da elite na esfera política. A pesquisa resultou em três artigos. O primeiro artigo discute como a RNSP se tornou um forte ator político na cidade de São Paulo e também no Brasil. Para abordar esta questão, mostramos como a RNSP usou a história retórica para se tornar um ator central na esfera política. No segundo artigo, propomos o conceito de atividade política corporativa implícita (ICPA), complementar a atividade política corporativa. Conceituamos ICPA como elites empresariais em conjunto com organizações da sociedade civil agindo para influenciar o governo. Com os limites entre o governo, as empresas e organizações da sociedade civil difusos; entendemos que este conceito é extremamente importante para chamar a atenção e criar novos caminhos para a pesquisa sobre a influência das empresas no governo. No último artigo, mostramos os micro fundamentos da ICPA. Especificamente, como as elites empresariais e corporações influenciam a RNSP e, indiretamente, o governo. Concluindo, contribuímos para a literatura sobre a influência das empresas no governo e na esfera pública indiretamente, por meio de organizações da sociedade civil. Teoricamente, estendemos a literatura de teoria institucional, história e poder.
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Fisher, Lance. "Corporate Governance, Investment Activity and Future Excess Returns." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195797.
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In this dissertation, I investigate whether corporate governance affects the negative association between investment and future excess returns. Shareholders are concerned with the effectiveness of the firm's governance regime as a tool to reduce agency costs. In the absence of strong control over firm assets, managers may choose to invest in value-decreasing projects. The probability that managers select value-decreasing projects is an increasing (decreasing) function in investment activity (governance regime). At the time of investment, the capital market prices expected returns to the investment activity conditioned on the governance regime in place. This study examines future risk-adjusted returns to investment activities conditioned on low and high governance regimes. If the market correctly prices the governance environment and the expected returns to expenditures at time t, there should be no future risk-adjusted returns to either governance or expenditure information. I find that for firms with low external monitoring, and separately, for firms with high shareholder rights, lower (higher) investment activity results in positive (negative) future risk-adjusted returns. Implementing a trading strategy which holds low investment firms and shorts high investment firms results in 7.1% and 5.6% annual risk-adjusted returns when conditioned on low institutional holdings and high shareholder right, respectively. This study also provides preliminary evidence that outside blockholder and activist ownership is effective in mitigating the negative association between investment activity and future excess returns through the shareholder rights mechanism. Finally, I provide evidence that the diversification discount associated with multi-segment firms is generally invariant to investment activity levels.
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Yu, Minna. "Analyst activity and corporate governance a global perspective /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1184946221.
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YU, MINNA. "ANALYST ACTIVITY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1184946221.
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Liedong, Tahiru Azaaviele. "Corporate political activity and firm performance - a systematic review." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8065.
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Corporate political activity (CPA) has been recognized as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Its proponents, mostly nonmarket strategy researchers, argue that political capital enables firms to influence their regulatory and policy environments, shape their competitive space, and improve their performance. Consequently, there is a widely held view that the performance of firms depends not only on the ability of managers to exploit economic markets but also on their ability to succeed in political markets. To test the value of political activism, recent scholarship has probed the relationship between CPA and firm performance. However, random mixed findings and the fragmented nature of the field raise more questions than provide answers to the nature of this relationship. This systematic review examines scholarly articles for evidence of the impact of CPA on firm value.
Drawing on 56 articles contributing to the topic and applying the CIMO-logic method of synthesis, this study discusses the findings within a framework of four elements. First, it examines the contexts within which CPA has been investigated. Second, it presents findings on the strategies that are studied. Third, it investigates the performance outcomes of CPA. Fourth, it explores the mechanisms that underpin the performance outcomes of CPA. The findings suggest that CPA is positively related to firm performance, an indication that there is value in political activism. However, counter evidence is reported by a few studies. The evidence also reveals that institutional contexts impact the political strategies used by firms or studied by researchers. Even though most of the studies lack theoretical grounding, social capital, cronyism and agency relationships are the popularly cited or implied mechanisms underlying the CPA-firm performance relationship. Following from the discussion, two propositions linking contexts, interventions, and outcomes are developed. The study suggests future research directions based on the gaps/limitations identified in the literature.
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Massengill, William. "The Political and Economic Roots of Corporate Political Activity." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1553961091240596.
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Aboud, Mathilde. "Corporate Sustainability as a Foresight Activity : Can Corporate Sustainability help companies survive in an increasingly competitive environment?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385760.
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In many corporations, sustainability has become an important activity to focuson, with the aim of preparing corporations for the future. Foresight, a newerfield, is increasingly becoming an important activity of corporations, with thepurpose of surviving long-term. These motives make companies’ involvement with corporate sustainability and with corporate foresight fundamental. However, because foresight is a recent field, it implies processes that are less mastered by professionals than sustainability. Since the motives of corporate sustainability and corporate foresight are similar, the purpose of this thesis is therefore to understand if corporate sustainability can contribute to corporate foresight implementation. Specifically, the purpose of this thesis is to identify which corporate sustainability (CS) activities can be integrated to which corporate foresight (CF) activities, to facilitate and foster foresight. Consequently, the contributions of the research consist in extending the knowledge about sustainability as a foresight activity and in proposing suggestions to incorporate sustainability to foresight activities. This study reviews several CS frameworks and several CF frameworks, provides a deeper understanding of the underlying processes needed for the implementation of CS and CF, and identifies the similarities. The study specifically builds on the Maturity Model of Corporate Foresight from the book Corporate Foresight – Towards a Maturity Model for the Future Orientation of a Firm from Rohrbeck (2010). Based on the theoretical findings, qualitative interviews of sustainability professionals are carried out. Those interviews are meant to test the theoretical findings. The research provides knowledge on the management of corporate foresightby providing insights on foresight practices that benefit from incorporating sustainability practices. The conclusion of the paper consists in a model thatpresents explicit ways in which corporate sustainability contributes tocorporate foresight. In fact, it is shown that corporate sustainability fosters strong internal and external networks and creates a corporate culture favourable to change. Internal and external networks facilitate cross-functional collaboration and communication; and employees favourable to change are more open to new ideas; both being key for foresight implementation. Thus, Corporate Sustainability supports Corporate Foresight because it sets up a favourable corporate culture, and because it paves the way for appropriate work processes (internal and external collaboration for instance).
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Bilgic, Akif. "Zusammenspiel von Corporate Performance Management, business intelligence und business activity monitoring." Hamburg Diplomica-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987561170/04.
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Morita, Yurika. "Impact of corporate activity could corporations benefit individuals in developing economies? /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1453.
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Bilgic, Akif. "Zusammenspiel von Corporate Performance Management, Business Intelligence und Business Activity Monitoring /." Hamburg : Diplomica Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987561170/04.
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Minto, Amy M. "Nonmarket Autonomy| Combining Private and Collective Approaches to Corporate Political Activity." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10142268.
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By pursuing private and collective political action in the nonmarket environment, businesses attempt to influence public policy that shapes their operating environment. This dissertation considers how a firm’s market-based experience and its accumulation of political resources affect how the firm combines private and collective political tactics. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm (RBV) I investigate how a firm’s alliance experience, political resources and prior collective political experience influence the autonomy of its Corporate Political Activity (CPA). I use fixed effects GLS regression with clustered standard errors to test my model on a panel of 21,329 firm/year observations of 2,779 U.S. property casualty insurance companies over the ten-year period between 2005 and 2014. I find support for the influence of state-level political resources, equity alliances, and the interaction of prior collective CPA experience with regulatory complexity and learning capacity on autonomy. My findings contribute to the growing literature connecting market and non-market strategies by linking collaboration in the political arena to the related market activity of alliance experience. Findings also contribute to our understanding of how participation in a collective provides opportunities for learning, and reveals that taking advantage of this opportunity depends on a firm’s learning capacity and the complexity of its regulatory environment. These findings add insight to the literatures on CPA, inter-organizational learning, collective action and trade associations.
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Minto, Amy. "Nonmarket Autonomy: Combining Private and Collective Approaches to Corporate Political Activity." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20502.
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By pursuing private and collective political action in the nonmarket environment, businesses attempt to influence public policy that shapes their operating environment. This dissertation considers how a firm’s market-based experience and its accumulation of political resources affect how the firm combines private and collective political tactics. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm (RBV) I investigate how a firm’s alliance experience, political resources and prior collective political experience influence the autonomy of its Corporate Political Activity (CPA). I use fixed effects GLS regression with clustered standard errors to test my model on a panel of 21,329 firm/year observations of 2,779 U.S. property casualty insurance companies over the ten-year period between 2005 and 2014. I find support for the influence of state-level political resources, equity alliances, and the interaction of prior collective CPA experience with regulatory complexity and learning capacity on autonomy. My findings contribute to the growing literature connecting market and non-market strategies by linking collaboration in the political arena to the related market activity of alliance experience. Findings also contribute to our understanding of how participation in a collective provides opportunities for learning, and reveals that taking advantage of this opportunity depends on a firm’s learning capacity and the complexity of its regulatory environment. These findings add insight to the literatures on CPA, inter-organizational learning, collective action and trade associations.
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Fedorochko, Nicholas R. "Money and Power: Industry Concentration as a Determinant of Corporate Lobbying Activity." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2145.
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Amid increasing trends of market concentration and corporate political activity in the United States, this thesis takes a quantitative approach to evaluating Luigi Zingales’ political theory of the firm. Using data from the Economic Census and from the Center for Responsive Politics, I find that concentration as measured by four and eight largest firms’ share of establishments exhibits a significant positive relationship to corporate lobbying at the intensive margin. On the other hand, concentration as measured by four and eight largest firms’ share of employment exhibits a significant negative relationship on politically active firms’ decision to lobby at the extensive margin. Through drawing upon existing quantitative literature on this subject, I conclude that Zingales’ theory remains sound and its implications on the political economy of the United States are bleak. Further research should look into politically feasible policy solutions to this troubling relationship.
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Hadani, Michael. "Governance mechanisms and corporate political activity ownership considerations in a non-market context /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Coom, Michael. "The Effect of Physical Activity on Work Engagement and Resilience Among Corporate Employees." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7368.
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A lack of work engagement among employees is costing US businesses a reported $300 billion a year in lost productivity, while absenteeism, turnover, workplace stress, and health care costs are also accounting for the same degree of financial loss. To investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on work engagement (WE) and resilience among corporate employees, 200 employees from a range of corporate New Zealand businesses took part in a 16-week workplace-based health initiative known as the Global Corporate Challenge (GCC), which was aimed at increasing levels of PA among employees. Participants recorded their amount of PA through the use of a pedometer that uploaded daily levels into an online personal database provided by the GCC. Self-reported measures of WE and resilience were assessed both prior to, and following the challenge. The study provided support for the hypotheses that both WE and resilience would increase after participation in the GCC, however, contrary to further hypotheses, increasing levels of PA did not improve WE and resilience among participants. The results of this study may assist organisations in achieving not only a workforce better equipped to handling the challenges and stressors of today‟s workplace, but organisational success, and financial performance.
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Thøgersen, Eva Cecilie. "Physical activity and mental well-being in corporate and university employees : understanding relationships." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/88f1b393-7d4f-45e7-8f73-2f0697e745b2.
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This thesis examined the structure and nature of the relationships between physical activity and three components of mental well-being (physical, work-related, and global) in corporate and University employees. The first study tested a hierarchically based model which specified the interrelationships between exercise participation and indicators of the three components of well-being in a sample of corporate employees. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the results revealed a very good model fit. Exercise participation was directly related to indicators of physical well-being and enthusiasm at work, and indirectly with more global constructs of well-being (selfesteem, life satisfaction and job satisfaction). In order to examine the nature of these relationships further, Study 2 explored physical activity and well-being typologies using the same sample. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups of employees, demonstrating the multi-dimensional nature of the relationship between physical activity and mental well-being. Using a qualitative approach, Study 3 sought to confirm the existence of the physical activity and mental well-being typologies, and explore potential psycho-social mechanisms linking physical activity participation with well-being. The results found general support for the existence of the profiles, and a range of possible psycho-social mechanisms, one of which was the regulation underlying the exercise behaviour. To explore the generalisability of the latter, Study 4 examined the role of exercise autonomy and its relationship with well-being using a large sample (N = 776) of University secretarial and administrative employees. The results provided support for the suggestion that the regulation underlying the exercise behaviour is important in understanding the relationship between physical activity and mental well-being. Finally, using the same sample, Study 5 examined well-being typologies of the physically inactive participants and performed a needs analysis for future exercise- and modular programmes in a new Centre for Sport, Exercise and Health in their workplace. This information may guide more cost-effective future interventions to promote activity and well-being in the workplace. The results of the present thesis are discussed in relation to implications for future practice and research directions.
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Ching-Ho, Liu. "A strategic activity model and management performance of American, Japanese, and Taiwanese firms." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360229.
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Janne, Odile E. M. "The changing geographical spread of corporate technological activity in Europe : the dynamics of corporate technological strategies and the hierarchy of innovative centres." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343345.
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Laurent, Mark A. "The Use of a Real Life Simulated Problem Based Learning Activity in a Corporate Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271852/.
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This narrative study examines using a real life simulated problem base learning activity during education of clinical staff, which is expected to design and develop clinically correct electronic charting systems. Expertise in healthcare does not readily transcend to the realm of manipulating software to collect patient data that is pertinent to the care of patients. To gain the expertise, troubleshooting abilities and knowledge required to maintain their clinical system, each participant in this study has gone through the RLSPBL activity. Education in the corporate world must be effective and efficient while providing a good return on the educational investment. Corporate education must use material contextually similar to a workplace, and the techniques for education must provide both near and far transfer of the material. Ten individuals (eight clinical, two non-clinical) who work across the United States were interviewed; their reflections on their career as a clinical interface designer are told here. The participants varied in their age, educational background, and current work responsibility and computer experience. Their insights revealed four major themes which summarize their stories: problem-based learning, collaboration, hands-on activities and the use of a real-life simulated problem-based learning activity.The clinical environment requires patient safety as a paramount parameter in building a clinical charting system. Up to the moment information along with trending capabilities is critical to a clinician caring for a patient. Adhering to best practices and maintaining an efficient data entry system must seamlessly blend technology into the clinician's practice. An understanding of the education of individuals who have created such charting systems is presented here in hopes that what these participants have found to be significant can be shared with others in similar situations.
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Tsemo, Victor. "An investigation of CSR as a source of corporate political power." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621870.
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In political philosophy, power and responsibility are known to be two sides of the same coin. Yet surprisingly, corporate political power has not been strongly featured in the long-standing debate surrounding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), despite the parallel debate on the influence of business in policy-making. The political dimension of CSR and its intrinsic relationship with Corporate Political Power (CPP) has been under-researched. This thesis adds to the CSR debate by investigating the processes and mechanisms by which CSR activities contribute to the power of the firm in the political arena, in the context of the British construction industry. Drawing on the literature on power, political activity and extended corporate citizenship, a conceptual model of the relationship between CSR and CPP was developed. The model was underpinned by insights from the Institutional Theory, the Resource Dependence Theory, and the Resource-Based View of the firm. Using a hybrid constructivist-realism epistemology and a processbased analysis, three exploratory case studies were carried out in construction companies operating in the UK. Data were collected through archival research and semi-structured interviews, and analysed by means of within and cross-case analyses. The results revealed that the political environment of the firm was analogous to a marketplace where companies traded political goods with policy-makers. CSR activities produced four political goods, namely public image, technical expertise, social capital and indebtedness, which were identified as the mechanisms by which CSR contributed to CPP. The impacts of CSR activities on CPP were three-fold: CSR strengthened the privileged structural position of companies; helped them gain easier access to policy-makers; and this privileged access gave companies more opportunities to influence regulatory outcomes. The key theoretical contribution of the thesis is a processual model that illustrates how CSR contributes to CPP. There are also implications for practice. CSR activities are velvet curtains that hide the operationalisation of political power. The social and political implications call for the attention of government officials who favour a neoliberal doctrine for the promotion of CSR to business.
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Engelhardt, Jens. "The Role of External Actors in Strategic Management - Corporate Political Activity of German Electricity Suppliers." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02606911001/$FILE/02606911001.pdf.
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Watkins, Andrew. "Collaborative venture capital activity in the London metropolitan region : entrepreneurial capacity building through corporate partnering?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/763/.
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Venture capital firms are collaborative and location specific actors. A significant source of specialised factor inputs (knowledge, expertise, resources, and finance) for investing in new high tech companies are large corporations, making them potentially complementary partners for independent venture capital firms in collaborations from which considerable value adding capacity might be derived. Employing a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with 30 London based technology oriented venture capital firm, this study (1) captures and explains the how, why, and under what circumstances do venture capital firms collaborate with large corporations and their corporate venturing divisions, and (2) the role that geographic proximity plays in facilitating this collaboration. Using a cross sector comparison, the core of the research inquires as to the structures employed, and the motivations and conditions for which this collaborative activity is pursued. In addition, it assesses the facilitating role that geographic proximity, and the opportunities and capacities of the London metropolitan region might play. The findings demonstrate that collaboration between venture capital firms and large corporations is increasingly common, but more formal collaborative structures are the exception. Driving this collaboration is the exchange of complementary knowledge for purposes of better investment selection and for improving options for investment exit. Geographic proximity plays a facilitating role and is particularly important during the investment selection phase. While the significance of co-location is somewhat downplayed, collaboration is indirectly facilitated through the innovation capacities and the opportunities for network interaction and international knowledge exchange which the London metropolitan region offers.
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Cojan, M. (Maia). "The effect of corporate political activity on the financial performance of US public pharmaceutical firms." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201506111863.
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Corporate political activity (CPA) in the US has received a significant amount of attention from academic research, especially because it involves billions of dollars yearly and because the public is concerned with its undue influence over the legislative process. The predominant view in the literature holds that CPA is positively associated with financial performance, however, evidence is mixed. Prior research also suggests that firms operating in a highly regulated industry, such as pharmaceutical firms, are more likely to engage in CPA. As such, benefits from CPA, or detrimental effects for that matter, should be most visible in such industries. From this stems the purpose and motivation of this study.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate political activity, as measured by the dollar amounts of PAC contributions and lobbying expenditures, on the financial performance of US public pharmaceutical firms in the period 1998–2013. The study is motivated by the lack of academic consensus regarding the nature of the relationship between CPA and financial performance and by contradictory empirical evidence on the subject.
To this end, I conduct a two-stage regression analysis and find that, contrary to the predominant view in literature, CPA is significantly and negatively associated with firm financial performance, as measured by net income and income before extraordinary items. The findings can be best interpreted in the framework of the agency theory to be indicators of risky managerial decision-making, inadequate evaluation of political investments, lack of or insufficient monitoring, or personal managerial consumption of political expenditures.
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Silvério, Ana Margarida Mendes. "Tax policy and entrepreneurial activity." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12614.
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Mestrado em FinançasEsta dissertação analisa o impacto da política dos benefícios fiscais para as regiões do interior em Portugal. Mais especificamente, avaliamos o efeito desta mudança de política na entrada de novas empresas e em duas características regionais sócio-demográficas: taxa de natalidade e taxa de divórcio. Estudos anteriores sugerem que a redução de impostos aumenta a rendibilidade das empresas e, portanto, a entrada de novas empresas. Também sugerem que em períodos de prosperidade económica, as condições de vida melhoram e a taxa de divórcio aumenta, enquanto que não há evidências conclusivas sobre a relação exata entre o rendimento e a natalidade. Para testar estas hipóteses, usámos uma base de dados empregador-empregado (QP - "Quadros de Pessoal") para avaliar as empresas estabelecidas entre o período de 1997 e 2007. Os dados regionais sócio-demográficos foram recolhidos do INE ("Instituto Nacional de Estatística"). Contrariamente ao esperado, a introdução da política reduz a entrada de novas empresas, assim como a taxa de natalidade e de divórcio. Obtemos resultados semelhantes usando uma variável instrumental. O efeito negativo na entrada de empresas persiste mesmo quando dividimos a nossa amostra nas diferentes fases da introdução da política. Estes resultados não são consistentes nas amostras restritas (concelhos vizinhos).
This study analyzes the impact of the tax benefits for inland regions in Portugal. More specifically, we evaluate the effect of this policy change on firm entry and on two regional socio-demographic characteristics: child birth and divorce rate. Previous studies suggest that reducing taxes increases the level of profit opportunities and, thus, the entry of new firms. They also find that in periods of economic prosperity, life conditions improve and the divorce rate increases, while there is no conclusive evidence about the exact relationship between income and child birth. To test these predictions, we use a matched employer-employee dataset (QP - "Quadros de Pessoal") to estimate firms entry between the period 1997 and 2007. Regional socio-demographic data come from Statistics Portugal (INE - "Instituto Nacional de Estatística"). Contrary to our expectations, we find that the introduction of the policy reduce firm entry, as well as the child birth and divorce rate. We obtain similar results using an instrumental variable. The negative effect on firm entry persists even when we divide our sample into the different stages of the policy introduction. These results are not consistent in restricted samples (nearby counties).
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Stojanac, Sanja, Helena Nguyen, and Daniella Baubec. "Women on the Corporate Board in Sweden." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13077.
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Women are often predominated in so-called "women´s jobs" including nursing, teaching and administration while jobs such as manager, board of director and financier are dominated by men. Hence, the corporate board has been male-dominated. However, in recent decades the number of women entering the boardroom has increased. Women are aware of their opportunites in terms of managerial jobs. Nevertheless, Sweden has one of the highest levels of gender equality in the world. Women with business experience and education are steadily moving upp the corporate ladder. The importance of female directors´ contributions on the corporate board has been recognized. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how women contribute on the corporate board in Sweden. The focus of the study lies on the perspectives of female and male directors. The study was conducted with the use of a qualitative method. It provided us with an understanding of the subject based on respondents´ experience. In order tol fulfill the purpose, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with male and female directors on the corporate board in Sweden. The empirical data was analyzed by the process of qualitative data analysis (QDA). We have increased the knowledge of female directors´ contributions on the corporate board in Sweden. Female directors do not posses a profound understanding of female customers. There is a strong link between female representatives and enhanced board communication. Furthermore, there is no relation between female directors and companies´ involvement in charitable activities. There is no difference in the way female and male directors monitor the board.
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Bretherton, Paul. "Corporate Social Responsibility at London 2012 : discourses of sport and activity promotion at the Olympic Games." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16210.
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The unique potential of sport as a site for the delivery of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has received increasing academic attention in recent years (e.g. Smith & Westerbeek, 2007). However, this literature has been said to have held 'relatively static conceptualisations of CSR through sport' (Dowling, Robinson & Washington, 2013, p. 270), and it could similarly be argued that insufficient attention has been given to the broader social contexts in which it has been delivered. This study therefore aimed to understand more about sport - and the Olympic Games - as a site for the delivery of CSR, using the specific context of private sector sponsor-led CSR schemes based upon the sport and physical activity participation legacy of London 2012. Three separate stages of qualitative data collection were conducted. The first comprised a thematic analysis of macro level policy discourse produced by official Olympic 'legacy actors' in relation to the proclaimed sport and activity legacy of the Games. The second stage also used thematic analysis in order to establish how 20 sponsors rationalised their CSR activity around the Games and how six who organised programmes involving either sport or activity participation justified these. The third stage comprised a series of semi-structured interviews with representatives of three Olympic sponsors and three charity delivery partners who co-operated in the delivery of specific CSR schemes. Once data was organised into themes, data analysis was informed by a governmentality perspective in order to help understand the respective roles of public and private sector organisations in not just the delivery of CSR, but also in 'governing' society in the broadest sense of the term.
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Brown, Richard S. "Capabilities, Strategic Intent and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/218602.
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Business Administration/Strategic ManagementPh.D.
This dissertation consists of three papers that are linked through the topic of organizational capabilities. The first paper, entitled "Organizational Core Capabilities, Strategic Intent and Performance: A Study of the Pharmaceutical Industry," looks at the association between capabilities, strategic intent and performance. Employing capabilities theory and the strategic intent literature, I model (i) the association of firm-level capabilities and rigidities on performance, (ii) the association of strategic intent and performance and (iii) the interaction effects of capabilities and strategic intent upon performance. Our sample consists of pharmaceutical firms during the years 1993 to 2003 and I find that both capabilities and strategic intent are negatively associated with firm performance. The interaction of the two main effects is positively related to performance conditional on firms having high strategic intent. The findings point to potential evidence of core rigidities theory as well as strategic intent theory, which has yet to be empirically tested by scholars. The second paper is entitled "The Impact of Political Capabilities on Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation." In this paper, I integrate capabilities theory with the literature on corporate political activity (CPA). The CPA literature has been robust in addressing the determinants of a firm's choice to engage in political activities but has been less robust in modeling the CPA-performance link. I address this by first integrating capabilities theory and political action and then by testing a number of constructs on a sample of Fortune 500 firms from varying industries. Specifically, I find that political action committee (PAC) intensity and lobbying intensity is associated with higher firm performance. I then interact PAC intensity with lobbying intensity and also find positive association between this interaction and performance, denoting that these two activities are complements and not substitutes. Finally, I moderate these relationships with industry concentration and find that performance increases for politically active firms as industries become more concentrated. The third paper is titled "Political Capabilities and Rigidities: The Case of AT&T's Acquisition Attempt of T-Mobile USA." This paper studies, in an in-depth case study, the political capabilities of American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), focusing on the years 1984-2011. Using capabilities and rigidities theory from management, I provide detailed evidence of (i) AT&T's intent to compete on political capabilities, (ii) the success derived from these political capabilities and (iii) situational failure resulting from an over-reliance on these political capabilities. In the empirical section, I show how the firm failed to assess external information that it needed to adjust its competitive strategy and, as a result, failed to acquire a key competitor. This paper makes contributions to capabilities research, rigidities research and corporate political activity.
Temple University--Theses
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Grové, Hendrina Johanna. "Fisieke aktiwiteit-, leefstyl- en koronêre risiko-indeks van werknemers aan 'n elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsmaatskappy in Suid-Afrika / H.J. Grové." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3716.
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Physical inactivity is identified as one of the major risk factors for the development of coronary heart diseases. It has been well documented in research literature that regular engagement in physical activity and healthy lifestyle habits has a positive influence on the risk of developing coronary heart diseases. Research literature reveals that these diseases have a negative influence on the productivity of the employee. In the light of the above mentioned, the fact has become clear that the health of the employee is of major concern to the employer. Healthy employees mean better productivity and better financial benefits for the company. The aim of this research is therefore to determine the physical activity, lifestyle and coronary index profiles of employees working at an electricity supply company in South Africa. Furthermore the aim is to determine the influence of physical activity and lifestyle on the coronary health of the same population. A total of one hundred and seventy nine (N=179) voluntary subjects between the ages of 26 and 65 years (46.1 ± 9.5), who were part of a non-random availability population, took part in the study. Data was collected by means of questionnaires. The Physical Activity Index questionnaire of Sharkey and Gaskill (2007) was used to collect data on the physical activity of respondents, the Lifestyle Index questionnaire of Belloc and Breslow (1972) was used to determine the lifestyle practises of the respondents and the Coronary Risk Index of Bjiirstrom en Alexiou (1978) was used to determine the coronary risk index of the respondents. The physical activity index profile of the respondents was classified as average (25.6 ± 35.6), as was the case with their lifestyle index profile (4.5 ± 1.3) and coronary risk index profile (25.5 ± 7.5). In spite of these findings, it was found that the majority of respondents in fact led a sedentary life (58.1%). That means that the respondents have an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. The results further showed that age, exercise, gender and stress was identified as the major contributors to increased risk of developing coronary heart diseases. The fact emerged that the majority of respondents were unaware of their cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure status. These findings are problematic, for it is well documented in research literature that these three factors are major contributors to the development of coronary heart disease. In terms of the influence of physical activity and lifestyle on coronary health, a statistic meaningful (p < 0.05) difference was found in terms of physical activity and lifestyle habits on the coronary health of the employees.
Wellness programs that are implemented by companies are of great value. These programs give the workers the opportunity to take responsibility for their health and provide them with the necessary tools to manage their health on optimal levels. Companies that succeed in motivating their staff to engage in these wellness programs, can empower their staff to care for their own health. This means less risk of developing coronary heart diseases, increased productivity and decreased absenteeism, sick leave and medical costs.Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Mullery, Colleen Bridget. "A Structural Analysis of Corporate Political Activity: An Application of Euclidean Modeling to the Study of Intercorporate Relations." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1303.
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During the past two decades business has become increasingly active in the political process, and scholars continue to debate the extent to which this activity is organized. This fundamental issue is addressed by examining corporate political activity within the context of resource dependence and class cohesion theories. Political action committee (PAC) campaign contributions, this study's measure for corporate political activity, are structurally analyzed to determine if either resource dependence or class cohesion theory explains the forces which drive business participation in the U.S. public policy process. The rationale which forty-two diverse corporate PACs exercise when selecting which congressional campaigns to support during two election cycles is explored. Resource dependence theory contends .that a firm's behavior is a function of its dependence on the environment for resources. Successful firms attempt to manage this external dependence by controlling or manipulating their environment corporate involvement in politics, therefore, will reflect a firm's dependence on the government for sales, subsidies or regulation. The regulatory environment in which a firm operates is this study's measure of resource dependence. Conversely, class cohesion theory argues that a firm's political activity is a function of its top management's inclusion in a network of corporate elites. Board members and chief executives from the nation's largest corporations coalesce to advance a political agenda which is compatible with the overarching goals of the business community rather than the parochial goals of an individual firm or even industry. Interlocking directorates, professional association memberships, shared educational experience and geographic proximity of headquarters locations are this study's indicators of a corporate elite network. Two categories of analytical methodology are applied. Multidimensional scaling maps corporate patterns of support for congressional candidates based on a PAC contribution proximity measure. These patterns are subsequently subjected to discriminant analysis, canonical correlation, regression and chi-square analysis to test for Resource Dependent and Class Cohesive political behavior. The results are conclusive: Support of selected congressional campaigns is more likely fueled by fragmented business interests, as resource dependence theory suggests, rather than the collective motives of a corporate elite. In fact, no support emerged for class cohesion theory as an explanation for the observed patterns of intercorporate relations. Further, a corollary proposition that PAC activity will vary with the ideology of White House administrations is not supported. Rather, PAC contribution patterns do not vary significantly between the Carter and Reagan administrations. This research renders four significant contributions to scholarship: 1. It provides empirical evidence to clarify a central issue in business-government relations, i.e., the atomistic or collective nature of corporate political activity. 2. It introduces a rigorous mathematical technique to the business-government relations discipline. 3. It indirectly addresses an ongoing scholarly debate over the role of interest groups in a democracy. 4. It indirectly addresses the current public policy debate over campaign finance reform.
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Kishimbo, Lilian. "Corporate social responsibility in developing economies : organisation, communication and activity dimensions of local large firms in Kenya and Tanzania, East Africa." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corporate-social-responsibility-in-developing-economies-organisation-communication-and-activity-dimensions-of-local-large-firms-in-kenya-and-tanzania-east-africa(65eb3392-2be3-4807-99a2-71aa15194c0a).html.
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This study examines Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of selected local large firms in both Kenya and Tanzania by exploring communication, organisation and activity dimensions of these firms. The study focuses on these two East African countries because there is a well established stock exchange with a large number of firms capable of engaging in social issues in this region. Moreover, compared to other regions in Africa, there has been little research on CSR practices in this part of Africa. In addition, the existing literature on CSR in Africa reveals more studies on Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) with little emphasis on large indigenous firms operating in the southern hemisphere, particularly in the East African region. Accordingly, this study explores the CSR practices of indigenous large firms in Kenya and Tanzania. Specifically, it examines whether these firms engage socially, and in the same way. To answer the research questions a survey research approach using standardised public data (i.e. newspapers and business annual reports for the period 2010-2012) was employed. In particular, content analysis of newspapers and annual reports was carried out to investigate the characteristics of CSR practice of these local firms. The study concludes that local firms in both Kenya and Tanzania are faced with the same obligations in meeting society’s needs, even though social engagement is different between the firms. This research identified well organised firms with established CSR (i.e. proactive firms); less well organised firms in which CSR is not established (i.e. reactive firms); and lastly firms that engage less often and are not organised internally (i.e. episodic). Overall, research findings in this study imply a shift of focus from sole stakeholders to multiple stakeholder engagements in business conduct.
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SHUGART, JOY NICOLE. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STAGE-SPECIFIC EXERCISE PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS AND STAGE OF CHANGE AMONG ADULTS IN A CORPORATE SETTING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029263192.
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Mbalyohere, Charles G. "Corporate political activity in sub-Saharan Africa : the influence of multinational enterprises in the institutionalisation of Uganda's electricity industry." Thesis, Open University, 2016. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54940/.
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The study investigates the extent to which Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) operating in Uganda's electricity industry engage in corporate political activity (CPA)1, and how this in turn influences regulatory institutionalisation. It deploys an exploratory, qualitative multi-case study approach drawing on semi-structured interviews, archival materials, media reports and fieldwork notes for data collection. Data analysis is informed by an NVivo-supported grounded analytic method. The findings indicate that MNEs deploy heterogeneous CPA strategies to respond to pro-market reform in emerging markets undergoing regulatory institutionalisation. Some of the most important responses reflect divergences in configuring the relationship with the host government and in nurturing adaptable and anticipatory political embeddedness. Deeper analysis in turn links these divergent responses to the degree of engagement with five underlying perspectives - competing multi-stakeholder demands; challenges of getting locally embedded; accommodation of Africa as an emerging political market; the implications of institutional fragility; and the demands of an evolving political environment. Uganda emerges thereby as a laboratory for diverse CPA strategies targeting other emerging markets in the region. The primary contribution to knowledge concerns the CPA research domain, adding to it perspectives on antecedents and a typology of CPA in emerging markets undergoing regulatory institutionalisation. There is a further synthesis to address political capability theory (and its integration in broader organisational capability theory) by clarifying the nature and the patterns of development of corporate political capabilities in such emerging markets. At a secondary level, there is also a contribution from an institutional theoretic perspective regarding corporate political influence on the process of emerging institutionalisation. This translates into evidence for a co-evolutionary relationship between emerging institutionalisation and CPA. Finally, there is a policy perspective that is addressed in the recommendations of the study.
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Koford, Michelle A. "A Retrospective Study of the Effects of an Incentive Based Fitness and Well Being Intervention Has on Body Fat Loss and Cardiovascular Fitness at a Corporate Work Site." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1408709892.
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Brattlöf, Linus, and Ida Mbenga. "The Relationship Between Corporate Taxation And R&D Investments : A quantitative study of R&D expenditure in U.S. firms when subjected to reductions in corporate taxation." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52772.
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Corporate taxation is a very politicized topic, and policymakers have different perspectives on what level of corporate tax rate yields the optimal outcome for research and innovation activity. The argument is divided where one side believes that corporate taxation and R&D activity has a negative relationship, which implies that a decrease in corporate taxation yields a better outcome for firms’ R&D activity. Whilst the other side believes that there exists a positive relationship, implying that the prevailing strategy is to increase corporate taxes to further encourage R&D activity. Therefore, the inherent purpose of this study focuses on the effect that corporate taxation has on the U.S corporate environment, whilst researching to understand the two polarized perspectives on corporate taxation and discover which perspective appears more prominent. To succeed in this regard, this study extracts internal financial information from firms located in the U.S states, by comparing the corporate tax change that the Trump administration implemented in 2018. Enabling this research study to compare firms’ R&D expenditure during the pre-tax reform (2017) with the post-tax reform (2018), indicating a firm’s differences in R&D expenditure. The difference-in-difference method was used with a total sample size of 71 firms, which uses a control group and a treatment group to negate macro-environmental disruptions to indicate the accurate effects of the tax policy change. The results state that companies that experienced a reduction in corporate taxes raised their R&D expenditure, approximately by 11.60%. This showed that there was a very large increase in R&D activity when corporate taxation was significantly lowered, which would support the literature’s findings that suggested the existence of a negative relationship. However, the research yielded a result that would indicate that the 11.60% increase was not a statistically significant result and that further studies need to be conducted.
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Bae, Jiyang. "Tainted gift? harmful effects of a bad profit company's corporate social responsibility activity on the associated good nonprofit organization's future /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4325.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 31, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Fullana, Blanca. "Brand patrimony: on the hypertext of the brand asset and its corporate culture and identity principles accountability: a new context-paradigm perspective about one of today's most valuable organizational assets, the managing responsability it conveys and a recommended guide for relevant corporate communications functions and activity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401586.
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The present investigation is an approach to brand value from a top-management perspective, asserting that a brand is not merely a commercial value portrayed by a product placed in a market; even less so, a public relations rhetoric avowing a political correctness, but rather a full-length ascribed patrimonial asset that conveys an organization’s cultural response to the societal issues within its activity-bound. In such, considering the brand as an intangible in-management attribute that is portrayed across the entire chain of productivity whilst influencing current and future innovation processes, in return.
Operating under a new context paradigm, the brand becomes patrimony (overall value), beyond –and not excluding- (financial) equity. In all, a hypertext practical vision on the attributions of the brand to signify knowledge-based corporate culture responsibility, amidst identity acknowledgement, multi-stakeholders engagement and reputation’s risk management and anticipation.
Focus of this research, sets forth to upgrade the brand as a significant element of business management, and not just of marketing, and shares guided contribution to the key tasks and tools currently at stake in the development of well-grounded corporate communications.La present investigació és un acostament al valor de la marca des de la perspectiva de la direcció general, afirmant que una marca no és un simple valor comercial; el d’un producte adreçat a un mercat -menys encara, una retòrica pública de correcció política- sinó més aviat un actiu patrimonial transversal que dona resposta, a través d’una identitat pròpia i d’una cultura d'organització -i per tant dins del seu àmbit d’actuació-, als debats i reptes de la societat local, però també global. En aquest sentit, considerant la marca com un intangible en la gestió, que es troba al llarg de tota la cadena de valor i productivitat i que té influència sobre els processos d'innovació actuals i de futur, que alhora en redundaran. Operant sota un nou paradigma de context, la marca es converteix en patrimoni (valor total), més enllà -i sense excloure- el brand equity1 (valor financer); ampliant les atribucions de la marca per significar-la sota una responsabilitat cultural corporativa (RCC)2 basada en el coneixement, en el reconeixement de la pròpia identitat corporativa, i involucrant i fent partícips a múltiples agents externs que permeten anticipar-se i gestionar els riscos que actuen sobre la reputació. L’aportació principal, fruit de la investigació, i basat en l’experiència empírica, situa a la marca com un element clau de la gestió empresarial, i no només del màrqueting, alhora que contribueix a donar pautes sobre les funcions practiques essencials que cal assolir des de la disciplina de la comunicació corporativa.
La presente investigación es una aproximación al valor de la marca desde la perspectiva de la dirección general, afirmando que una marca no es un simple valor comercial: el de un producto dirigido a un mercado; menos aún, el de una retórica pública, sino más bien, un activo patrimonial transversal que da respuesta, a través de una identidad propia y una cultura de organización (y por lo tanto dentro de un ámbito concreto de actuación), a los debates y retos pertinentes de la sociedad local, pero también global. En este sentido, considerando a la marca como un activo intangible en la gestión, que se encuentra a lo largo de toda la cadena de productividad y que tiene influencia sobre los procesos de innovación actuales y de futuro, que a su vez le redundarán. Operando bajo un nuevo paradigma de contexto, la marca se convierte en patrimonio (valor total), más allá -y sin exclusión del brand equity3 (valor financiero), ampliando las atribuciones de la marca para significarse bajo una responsabilidad cultural corporativa (RCC)4 basada en el conocimiento, en el reconocimiento de la propia identidad corporativa e involucrando y haciendo participes a múltiples agentes externos que permiten anticiparse y gestionar los riesgos que actúan sobre la reputación. La aportación principal, fruto de la investigación y basado en la experiencia empírica, sitúa a la marca como un elemento clave de la gestión empresarial, y no sólo del marketing, al tiempo que contribuye a dar pautas sobre las funciones prácticas esenciales que cabe desarrollar desde la disciplina de la comunicación corporativa.
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Miny, Marnie. "Evidenced based decision making in public policy for innovating firms." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22769.
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Firms require policies that are supportive to their operating environment and competiveness. Few firms, however, interact with policy makers and it is suggested in the literature that they do so in a self-interested manner. Policy makers are faced with the challenge of ensuring positive sum outcomes in a highly politicised process. Innovative firms could possible request more value creating policies with noninnovative firms requesting value capturing policies. A firm that is more networked is more innovative, but this also increases the management complexity of the firm. The purpose of this study was to enable policy makers to make more informed political decisions in the public policy process. A secondary dataset focused on firms in the innovation context. Groups of firms were categorised by their innovativeness, involvement with policy and network richness through Chi-square tests, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis. The policy requests of these firms were analysed through the Kruskal-Wallis test, with post hoc analyses using Mann-Whitney U tests. The study found that firms could be categorised based on their innovativeness and involvement, but that network richness played an important role in increasing both. Innovative and non-innovative firms had similar needs in policies. It is suggested that richly networked firms are not independently rent seeking as they request policies that are to the benefit of the broader innovation network in order to sustain and grow the collaborative relationships. Policy makers are advised to ensure the inclusion of network rich firms in the policy process.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Avioutskii, Viatcheslav. "ANALYSE D’UNE FORME DE GOUVERNANCE HYBRIDE DANS LES ECONOMIES EN TRANSITION : LA GOUVERNANCE D’ENTREPRISE CLANIQUE EN UKRAINE." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30057.
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Dans les économies en transition, un mode de gouvernance hybride - le mode de gouvernance clanique – désigne l’interaction de l’entreprise avec son environnement insitutionnel à travers la participation à la politique. Il est caractérisé par la socialisation, la prédominance des pratiques informels et des facteurs non marchands. Il constitue une réaction de la part de l’entreprise à son environnement institutionnel évolutif et turbulent. En Ukraine, les relations entre l’entreprise et les pouvoirs publics sont fondées sur le clientélisme à travers l’échange de ressources. Les entreprises mobilisent leurs ressources politiques sous forme de votes de leurs employés en faveur des partis. En échange, l’entreprise obtient des décideurs politiques une régulation favorable avec une rente sous forme de subvention. Cette thèse cherche à prouver l’existence d’un lien entre les ressources politiques et les ressources économiques de l’entreprise. Les entreprises investissent des ressources disponibles dans l’activité politique pour obtenir des bénéfices. L’activité politique peut être vue par l’entreprise comme une activité profitable. La recherche de la rente constitue modus operandi du mode de gouvernance clanique qui permet d’assurer le fonctionnement efficient de l’entreprise dans un environnement d’affaires particulier. L’informel constitue une autre caractéristique de ce mode de gouvernance. Les échanges de ressources politiques avec les pouvoirs publics sont faits à travers des réseaux sociaux informels dont la configuration permet de définir le périmètre des structures claniquesIn transitional economies, a hybrid mode of corporate governance – the clanic mode – refers to the interaction between the firm and its institutional environment through its participation in politics. It is characterized by socialization, predominance of informal practice and non market factors. It constitutes a recation of the firm towards its evolutive and turbulent institutional environment. In Ukraine, the relations between the firm and the authorities are based on clientelism through an exchange of resources. The firm deploys their political resources represented by votes of their employees in favor of political parties. It obtains form policymakers a favorable regulation through a rent provided via subventions.This thesis seeks to prove the existence of the relation between corporate political and economic resources. The firm invests available resources to obtain benefits. Political activity can be seen as profitable. Rent-seeking constitutes modus operandi of the clanic governance that allows to the firm to operate efficiently in a specific business environment. This mode of governance is also characterized by informal practices. The exchange of resources with policy-makers is made through informal networks whose configuration defines the perimeter of clanic structures
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Ngadlela, Mqondisi Abner. "Challenges of policing in the new millennium: a case of Nyanga SAPS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4593.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAThe Beginning of the paradigm shift in policing in the South African Police was first seen in 1993 when the concept of Community Policing was first introduced. The South African Police Service that was formed through the Police Act 68 of 1995 subsequently adopted Community Policing as a Corporate Strategy of the organisation. There is a question as to whether some of the efforts reflect the necessary elements of community policing or are merely reactions to a contemporary political thrust for police reform. This study seeks to critically analyse the challenges and contradictions in Community Policing in terms of strategy and organisation. Nyanga SAPS will be use as the case study. Nyanga is one of the Police Stations in the so-called Black Township that has been engulfed by Community-Police conflicts since the democratic dispensation came into existence in South Africa. The highest point of this animosity saw certain people within the community between 1998 and 1999 reporting criminal activities to Taxi Operators rather than to the police. This study will be approached through gap analysis. The author will first describe the desired state of affairs in terms where the SAPS should be, in relation to reform policies put in place by the government. This will be followed by the analysis of the present situation in Nyanga, which will highlight the shortcomings. Then the study will put forward recommendations which should address the identified shortcomings. Based on that, the strategy that should inform policing in the new millennium will be developed. The author will recommend an African approach to policing as it has become apparent that the policing approaches are different for different countries and different communities. The author will propose full participation of the public in policing, in terms of determining policing priorities in their areas.
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TO, THI DUNG. "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Empirical Research on Board Size, Board Composition, Board Activity, Ownership Concentration and Their Effects on Performance Of Vietnamese Listed Companies." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20773.
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Corporate governance (CG) is a popular topic that gets more concerns today, especially infast developing countries. Numbers of projects and studies relating to CG and their effectson financial performance of companies have been done in many countries, but still this kindof topic is quite new in Vietnam.This paper tries to find out if there is any relationship between board size & composition,board activity, and ownership concentration and firm performances. Based on collectinginformation of listed companies in Vietnam, I use statistical analysis and quantitativemethod to get the paper’s objectives.Based on CG theory and the role of CG structures such as board of directors, ownershipstructure, and this paper also make a review on the compliance of listed companies with CGrules at Vietnamese market recently.Our empirical findings show that independent directors enhanced firm performance;inversely, the dual position of CEO and Chairman has a positive relation with firm value.Besides, age of director and the number of directors meeting play important roles in firmvalue. However, no significant impact of board size, board gender diversity, top tenshareholders concentration and levels of state ownership on firm performance. Lastly,regression model of market performance shows that the duality of CEO and Chairman andthe number of independent directors are significant impact on firm value.
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Cavanagh, Edward. "Companies, Private International Law, and Diplomacy in the Atlantic World: Early Modern Imperialism and Foreign Corporate Activity in European Legal and Political Thought." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34589.
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This thesis is concerned with jurisdictionally evasive European corporations in the Atlantic region. In the wake of renewed interest in trading companies in the historical literature on empires and colonies, this study explores the claims of corporations to foreign lands, the dispossession of pre-existing populations, and the emergence of legal conflicts out of these events and other related extra-European processes. To that end, this thesis engages with medieval legal and economic history, to explain the origin of the modern corporate form, the changing patterns of landholding and commerce across Europe, and the response of canonistic and civilian legal traditions to these developments. After emphasising the importance of the coastal region stretching from Lisboa to St. Petersburg, where trading companies thrived, each of the individual corporations involved in the colonisation of America is introduced. An intellectual history is then presented, covering relevant legal thought; here, the focus moves from patents and jurisdiction to the Roman law of property and in particular the idea of prescription, to contracts, and finally to war. These, I argue, are the ideological contexts most relevant in a legal history of corporations and early modern imperialism. The narrative which then follows is based upon primary research conducted in archives from across the globe. Here, special attention is given to English, French, Dutch, and Swedish corporate activity in the early modern ‘Atlantic World’ (1603-1673). Regionally, the main focus is drawn towards Ireland, North America, and South Africa, where corporations established their claims against other Europeans and against indigenous communities through a combination of separate means. Private law was more practical on the ground, while public law justifications tended to be more spurious and ambivalent, even if there was never a clean formula adoptable when it came to the acquisition of territory by European corporations away from Europe, and might was invariably right. This argument is presented before returning, finally, to the European context. The legal history of colonialism in the seventeenth-century Atlantic has never been presented so stringently from the corporate perspective for the purpose of contrast to the European diplomatic context; the result of such an approach is a new way to consider the origins of private international law in world history.
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Labuschagne, Roelfie. "Fisieke aktiwiteit en enkele gesondheidsaspekte by werknemers aan 'n finansiële instelling / Roelf Labuschagne." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1637.
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Al-Shirawi, Abdulmonem. "Measuring the level of market orientation among financial services providers in a resource-based economy : organizational and customer perspectives." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7263.
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Following the pioneering work of Kohli and Jaworski, Narver and Slater, and other academic researchers during the 1990s, the concept of ‘market orientation’ has evolved as an important area of study within the marketing discipline. This work has initiated a large number of empirical studies that have been undertaken during the last two decades. Despite its importance and the attention that this concept has received during the last two decades, most of these studies have conceptualized market orientation and measured its levels within only the Western contexts where it has been developed. Although other studies have been undertaken within newly developed and developing economies, there has been little focus on exploring the concept, its constructs and implementation in less developed and resource-based economies. In order to address this research gap, a mixed-method design was adopted that consisted of two phases. Following a literature survey, the first phase involved a qualitative study to gain better understanding of the notion of market-orientation within a resource-based context and refine the preliminarily conceptual framework based on existing literature and Deshpandé’s definition of market-orientation. In the second phase, this framework was tested by means of a survey of both financial services providers and their customers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to analyse the survey responses. The models showed a good fit to the data and good convergent, nomological and discriminant validity, reliability and stability, demonstrating improvement to existing scales by the addition of further salient items elicited from the qualitative phase. The findings of this study identified four constructs of market-orientation in financial services providers within a resource-based economy, viz. market-oriented corporate culture, strategy formulated and implemented, structure and systems employed, and market-oriented activities. Those dimensions (constructs) were consistent with various previous works in the market-orientation literature. Additionally, the study found that a market-oriented corporate culture had a mediating role in facilitating the business organizations’ responses through the strategy formulated and implemented.A key contribution of this research was to offer a robust model that explained market-orientation within a resource-based economy and demonstrated that a market-oriented corporate culture had a mediating effect on facilitating financial services providers’ responses to satisfying customer needs and expectations. The use of a qualitative approach to identify market-orientation dimensions in this context was also considered a methodological contribution in this area of marketing research. Moreover, the present study added a novel perspective to the body of market-orientation literature and suggested directions for future research. Finally, the study provided managerial implications for financial services managers to identify what they should do to become more market-oriented businesses or to enhance their level of market-orientation in order to meet their businesses’ needs and customers’ expectations.
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Marais, Wandra. "The impact of physical activity on selected health risk factors and medical costs of employees working within a financial institution / Wandra Marais (née Van der Merwe)." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2715.
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For employees to optimally perform at work, it is important that they are healthy. The employee is under constant work pressures that affects their health behaviour. The aim of this research is to look at the evident health risks of employees working within a financial institution, to analyze how physical activity influences these health risk factors and their medical costs. In this study a sample of 9860 self selected employees, aged between 18 and 64 (35.3 ± 10.7 years), was used. These employees are spread over all the provinces of South Africa and from all racial groupings. Differentiation was made between employees who were on chronic medication and those who were not. The Health Risk Assessment (HRA) questionnaire developed and provided by the medical aid of the institution was used as the analysis tool. Medical expenditures of the sample group were also provided by the medical aid and investigated. A national network of registered Biokineticists administered the implementation of the HRA, based on a set protocol. ANOVA was used for statistical data analysis - providing descriptive and summarising statistics. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine relationships between variables. It is clear from the descriptive data that the tendencies of selected health risks were high.
The results also show that 37.6% (Diastolic) and 47.87% (Systolic) of the sample group comply with the normal borders of blood pressure. With regards to BM3, 32.3% were overweight and 25.3% within the boundaries of obesity. The average cholesterol of the group is 4.4mmol.L-l. The Physical activity levels were determined using an activity algorithm developed by the medical aid of the institution (described in detail in the thesis). Results show a low level of physical activity index (7.18 + 3.05) within the sample group. No statistical significance could be found between physical activity levels and medical expenditure, although those who are highly active seemed to have higher expenditure than those who are inactive.Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Lindeque, Johan Paul. "Prosecuting antidumping and countervailing duty cases in the United States of America." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512277.
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This thesis takes a corporate political strategy perspective of antidumping and countervailing duty cases to understand why some firms are more successful at the prosecution of these trade remedy measures. Trade remedy measures are long standing tools of US trade policy and their use has continued to grow globally amongst member countries of the World Trade Organisation. Between 1980 and 2007 a total of 1606 of these trade remedy cases were investigated by the Department of Commerce and International Trade Commission, an average of 41 antidumping and 17 countervailing duty cases a year, with a value of around US$ 63 billion or 0.3% of all US imports. Thirty-seven percent of the cases by number and 54% by value resulted in duties being imposed on the subject imports. This study uses archival material for five recent trade remedy investigations and forty-five semistructured interviews with business interests, trade attorneys and economic consultants that have experience of prosecuting these cases to understand why some firms may be more successful than others at achieving their preferred policy outcome. The imposition of duties is found to be only the simplest measure of success for US firms that file a case and does not capture the range of potential outcomes for foreign firms that face the duties. Successful prosecution of a trade case has been found to be firm specific, as the DOC determination of individual firm duty rates significantly affects what the outcome of case means for each firm in the US and foreign industries. The successful prosecution of US trade remedy cases is argued to be an informational corporate political strategy that is affected by statutory and administrative biases in the execution of the agency investigations, and creates the potential for indirect rent-seeking bias in the outcomes of cases. This informational corporate political strategy is based on three capabilities that firms need to develop, the capability to gather information, the capability to build and shape the administrative record at the agencies to reflect a firm’s policy preferences and the capability to align business practices with the US trade remedy institutions. These three capabilities are enabled by the bundling of corporate political expertise resources, organisational resources, financial resources and reputational resources. Some of these resources are internal to the firms, including staff, money and information, while other resources are external, such as the trade attorneys and economic consultants.
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Compaore, Ravigsida Dorcas. "Impact of financial market development on holdings of US assets and Equity carve-outs and macroeconomic activity." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1717.
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The first part of this dissertation examines the impact of financial development on different countries holdings of U.S securities. The difference between the US weight in the global market capitalization and the US weight in developed and developing countries is tested through a panel data analysis. We find that most countries tend to overweight their US debt portfolio which is strongly related to their financial market development. When holdings of US debts and equity are low, financial market development is high; in developing countries, holding less US equity in their portfolio causes country to get better financial development. In developed countries there is no causation effect; a simple negative relation between financial development and countries holding of US securities is observed and countries tend to hold relatively less US securities through years.
The second part of this dissertation examines whether economic conditions, affect carve-outs frequency and returns. This paper investigates the effect of expansion and recession, and industry sectors on carve out issued in the US over 1982 to 2009. We find that the number of carve-outs is higher in expansion than recession. However, the cumulative abnormal returns are higher during recession which is explained by the higher adverse selection during this period. Further, we find that the difference of abnormal returns between expansion and recession is significant and we also observe that high-tech or non-high-tech industries that undertake carve-out have positive higher abnormal return during recession. Therefore, within a same industry sector, carve-out abnormal returns are impacted by the economy cycle. However difference of abnormal returns between industry sector, high-tech and non-high-tech industries, is not significant.
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Finger, Marina de Oliveira. "A atuação política das empresas: um estudo de caso brasileiro." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19433.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em EstratégiaA relação entre a Atividade Política Corporativa e a Estratégia é um tema de grande importância, porém pouco explorado. No mercado de biodiesel brasileiro, tal questão se coloca como fundamental, uma vez que o mercado foi criado e se mantém até hoje sob a tutela do governo brasileiro, que define as suas regras e o seu tamanho por meio de leis e decretos. A existência de disputas de interesses com relação à regulamentação do mercado implica a necessidade de adoção de estratégias por parte dos atores relevantes. A presente dissertação tem como pergunta central, então, entender como a adoção de ações políticas pela UBRABIO apoiou a sua estratégia global de suporte às usinas brasileiras produtoras de biodiesel na formulação e aprovação da lei 13.263/2016. Enquanto entidade representativa das indústrias da cadeia de produção do biodiesel, entende-se que a UBRABIO possui importante papel na garantia do atendimento da demanda destas frente ao governo federal. A pesquisa se concretizará na análise das ações da UBRABIO entre maio de 2014 e março de 2016. No período analisado, identificou-se que a entidade se utilizou preferencialmente de ações com o intuito informativo, focado no público político e utilizando-se amplamente dos laços informais de representantes seus com o meio político. A atividade política corroborou a ação estratégica da entidade, mantendo o seu objetivo político e buscando igualmente superar problemas e explorar eventualidades. Por fim, manteve a flexibilidade, e mostrou se adaptar conforme o contexto necessitava. Apesar dos grandes avanços ocorridos recentemente, entende-se que a complexidade dos cenários nacional e internacional vai continuar exigindo da UBRABIO e dos demais atores foco estratégico nos seus processos de tomada de decisão.
Corporate Political Activity and Strategy relation is a topic of great importance, however not enough explored by the literature. In the Brazilian biodiesel market, it shows up as fundamentally relevant, once the market was created and is still under the administration of the Brazilian government, who defines its rules and size by laws and regulations. The existence of interest disputes regarding market rules implies a need for strategy adoption by the relevant stakeholders. This dissertation has as central question to understand how the adoption of political actions by UBRABIO supported its global strategy to support Brazilian biodiesel industries in the formulation and approval of the law 13.263/2016. As a representative entity of the industries involved in the biodiesel supply chain, it is understood that UBRABIO has a major role in guaranteeing their demands are met by the Federal government. The research will focus on the analysis of UBRABIO’s actions between May 2014 and March 2016. Over this period, it was identified the entity has relied more in actions with informational goals, focused on the political public and largely using their informal connections from their members with people in the political mean. The political activity supported the entity’s strategic action, by keeping its political objective at its core and equally seeking to overcome difficulties and explore eventualities. Finally, it kept its flexibility, showing ability to adapt when needed. Despite the recent positive developments in the market, it is still expected that the high level of complexity at national and international levels will keep demanding UBRABIO and the other stakeholders strategic focus on their decision making processes.
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Brunoro, Claudio Marcelo. "Trabalho e sustentabilidade: contribuições da ergonomia da atividade e da psicodinâmica do trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-19092014-105026/.
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Organizações alinhadas com a sustentabilidade consideram em suas ações aspectos relacionados com as dimensões ambiental, econômica e social e devem ser constituídas de sistemas de produção sustentáveis e, consequentemente, possuir ambientes de trabalho saudáveis. Nesse sentido, se o recurso humano é um dos maiores ativos das organizações, deve-se, então, garantir a sua sustentabilidade. Não é simplesmente uma questão de perenizar esse recurso, mas de criar oportunidades para o desenvolvimento profissional e a construção da sua saúde em um sentido amplo. Isso implica que uma análise do sistema de produção envolva, também, o aspecto social, considerando inclusive o trabalho em si, destacando a importância do trabalho para a vida dos sujeitos, assim como a sua contribuição para a qualidade e para a produtividade, bem como para o próprio desenvolvimento da sociedade e da cultura. Sendo assim, por meio de análise documental e estudos de casos realizados em 10 organizações engajadas em sustentabilidade, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de estabelecer as contribuições da ergonomia da atividade e da psicodinâmica do trabalho para a consideração do tema Trabalho em um contexto de sustentabilidade corporativa. Para tanto, inicialmente foram identificadas as ações de sustentabilidade relacionadas ao tema Trabalho, tanto no universo teórico quanto no universo corporativo, tais como: a consideração dos direitos humanos e do trabalho decente, inclusive nas práticas da cadeia de suprimentos; o incentivo ao trabalho voluntário; o investimento em desenvolvimento profissional; os programas de saúde e bem-estar e os de saúde e segurança no trabalho. Foram verificados também os elementos comuns da sustentabilidade, sendo eles a consideração: de valores e da ética; da temporalidade; das múltiplas escalas de análise; das várias dimensões; e da interdependência e da integração entre esses elementos. Por fim, um diálogo com a ergonomia da atividade e a psicodinâmica do trabalho explicita a necessidade de se reconhecer e incorporar a centralidade do trabalho, no sentido do trabalhar, considerando o papel fundamental da subjetividade, do conteúdo e da organização do trabalho para, no limite, o trabalho levar à felicidade. Dessa forma, trabalho é acreditado ser aquele que, provido de sentido e permeado pelas relações de confiança e cooperação, melhora o desempenho da organização, promove o desenvolvimento profissional, possibilita a construção da saúde dos trabalhadores em um sentido amplo e positivo, favorece o desenvolvimento da criatividade e a mobilização das inteligências, considerando a relevância das questões físicas, cognitivas e organizacionais e, sobretudo, a sua centralidade para o desenvolvimento da cultura e da sociedade.Organizations aligned with sustainability take into account in their actions aspects related to the environmental, economic and social dimensions and shall make use of sustainable production systems and therefore possess a healthy working environment. In this sense, the \"human resource\" is one of the greatest assets of the organizations, and its sustainability must be ensured. It is not simply a matter of perpetuating this \"resource\", but to create opportunities for professional development and the construction of their health in a broad sense. This implies an analysis of the work system that also involves the social aspect, considering even the work itself, highlighting the importance of the work for the life of the subject, as well as its contribution to the quality and productivity as well as the development of society and culture. Thus, through document analysis and case studies in 10 organizations engaged in sustainability, this research aims to establish the contributions of activity-centered ergonomics and work psychodynamics in consideration of the topic Work in a context of corporate sustainability. Therefore, initially, the sustainability actions related to this subject was identified in both the theoretical universe as in the corporate world, such as: the account of human rights and decent work, including the supply chain; the encouragement of volunteer work; the investment in professional development; health and well-being programs and health and safety at work programs. Also examined were the common elements of sustainability, namely: values and ethics; temporality; the multiple scales of analysis; the various dimensions; and the interdependence and integration between these elements. Finally, a dialogue with the activity-centered ergonomics and the psychodynamics of work explains the need to recognize and incorporate the importance of work, considering the fundamental roles of the subjectivity, the content and the work organization, in order to achieve a happiness state. Therefore, work is believed to be the one that, provided of meaning and permeated by relations of trust and cooperation, enhances the performance of the organization, promotes professional development, enables the construction of workers\' health in a broad sense, favors the development of creativity and the intelligence mobilization, considering the importance of physical, cognitive and organizational matters and, especially, its centrality to the development of culture and society.
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Yarashuk, Elvira. "Health promotion at the workplace : Promoting health by embracing the concept of corporate social responsibility." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28298.
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The main issues, which arise in that research project, are connected with health dimensions. There are emphasised points, which contribute to the employees’ health and well-being, solutions, which organisations implement to prevent workers from diseases and illnesses, to track their current condition of body and mind and generally to improve their overall health situation. From the very beginning the main stress was supposed to lie on physical activity promotion being an integral part of health promotion at the workplace but the obtained information from the conducted interviews verified that idea. The research also touches other variables contributing to the employees’ health and cons tituting the idea of health promotion at the workplace, namely health profiles and Corporate Social Responsibility. It is argued who may benefit from workplace physical activities and to which extent such programs may succeed. Interviews showed double points of views according to the necessity to encourage employees to train within the organization. Basis for the discussion of the topic were interviews gained from the interaction with the staff of the organization Xylem located in Sweden in Emmaboda, a world leader in water solutions. The chosen methodology based on the case study appeared to be the most relevant to explore health issues thanks to the clear empirical example. The company was distinguished because of the sport and rehabilitation centre, which it had in its possession and which seemed to make Xylem be different from the competitors and gave advantages for the employees in the form of additional benefits causing going in for sport at the company’s expense. The results of the research indicate that health promotion at the workplace may be viewed as a part of Corporate Social Responsibility. The evidences for IV that perspective are presented with a proper motivation mostly in the conclusion part. The research intended to show to the readers to what extent health promotion at the workplace incorporating physical activities, health profiles and CSR is important, how it is regarded and how much attention, time and efforts is and should be devoted to deal with that dimension in a proper way.