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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coronaviruses

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Academic literature on the topic 'Coronaviruses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Coronaviruses"

1

Tang, X. C., J. X. Zhang, S. Y. Zhang, P. Wang, X. H. Fan, L. F. Li, G. Li, et al. "Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Coronaviruses in Bats from China." Journal of Virology 80, no. 15 (August 1, 2006): 7481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00697-06.

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ABSTRACT Coronaviruses can infect a variety of animals including poultry, livestock, and humans and are currently classified into three groups. The interspecies transmissions of coronaviruses between different hosts form a complex ecosystem of which little is known. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the recent identification of new coronaviruses have highlighted the necessity for further investigation of coronavirus ecology, in particular the role of bats and other wild animals. In this study, we sampled bat populations in 15 provinces of China and reveal that approximately 6.5% of the bats, from diverse species distributed throughout the region, harbor coronaviruses. Full genomes of four coronavirues from bats were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses of the spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleoprotein structural proteins and the two conserved replicase domains, putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA helicase, revealed that bat coronaviruses cluster in three different groups: group 1, another group that includes all SARS and SARS-like coronaviruses (putative group 4), and an independent bat coronavirus group (putative group 5). Further genetic analyses showed that different species of bats maintain coronaviruses from different groups and that a single bat species from different geographic locations supports similar coronaviruses. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that bats may play an integral role in the ecology and evolution of coronaviruses.

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BARLOUGH, J. E. "Cats, coronaviruses and coronavirus antibody tests." Journal of Small Animal Practice 26, no. 6 (June 1985): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02210.x.

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Haake, Christine, Sarah Cook, Nicola Pusterla, and Brian Murphy. "Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091023.

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Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, or systemic diseases in a variety of mammalian hosts that vary in clinical severity from subclinical to fatal. The host range and tissue tropism are largely determined by the coronaviral spike protein, which initiates cellular infection by promoting fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Companion animal coronaviruses responsible for causing enteric infection include feline enteric coronavirus, ferret enteric coronavirus, canine enteric coronavirus, equine coronavirus, and alpaca enteric coronavirus, while canine respiratory coronavirus and alpaca respiratory coronavirus result in respiratory infection. Ferret systemic coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus, a mutated feline enteric coronavirus, can lead to lethal immuno-inflammatory systemic disease. Recent human viral pandemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and most recently, COVID-19, all thought to originate from bat coronaviruses, demonstrate the zoonotic potential of coronaviruses and their potential to have devastating impacts. A better understanding of the coronaviruses of companion animals, their capacity for cross-species transmission, and the sharing of genetic information may facilitate improved prevention and control strategies for future emerging zoonotic coronaviruses. This article reviews the clinical, epidemiologic, virologic, and pathologic characteristics of nine important coronaviruses of companion animals.

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Laçinel Gürlevik, Sibel. "Koronavirüsler ve Yeni Koronavirüs SARS-CoV-2." Journal of Pediatric Infection 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ced.202017.

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Jonassen, Christine Monceyron, Tone Kofstad, Inger-Lise Larsen, Atle Løvland, Kjell Handeland, Arne Follestad, and Atle Lillehaug. "Molecular identification and characterization of novel coronaviruses infecting graylag geese (Anser anser), feral pigeons (Columbia livia) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80927-0.

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In light of the finding of a previously unknown coronavirus as the aetiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), it is probable that other coronaviruses, than those recognized to date, are circulating in animal populations. Here, the results of a screening for coronavirus are presented, using a universal coronavirus RT-PCR, of the bird species graylag goose (Anser anser), feral pigeon (Columbia livia) and mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Coronaviruses were found in cloacal swab samples from all the three bird species. In the graylag goose, 40 of 163 sampled birds were coronavirus positive, whereas two of 100 sampled pigeons and one of five sampled mallards tested positive. The infected graylag geese showed lower body weights compared with virus-negative birds, suggesting clinical significance of the infection. Phylogenetic analyses performed on the replicase gene and nucleocapsid protein sequences, indicated that the novel coronaviruses described in the present study all branch off from group III coronaviruses. All the novel avian coronaviruses harboured the conserved s2m RNA structure in their 3′ untranslated region, like other previously described group III coronaviruses, and like the SARS coronavirus. Sequencing of the complete nucleocapsid gene and downstream regions of goose and pigeon coronaviruses, evidenced the presence of two additional open reading frames for the goose coronavirus with no sequence similarity to known proteins, but with predicted transmembrane domains for one of the encoded proteins, and one additional open reading frame for the pigeon coronavirus, with a predicted transmembrane domain, downstream of the nucleocapsid gene.

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Khaitovich, A. B. "CORONAVIRUS (TAXONOMY, VIRUS STRUCTURE)." Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, no. 3 (2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-3-69-81.

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The review is devoted to the little-known and insufficiently studied until recently taxonomic group of viruses - coronaviruses. The publication provides definitions: «coronaviruses» and «coronavirus infection». The issues of modern taxonomy of coronaviruses and its development from the discovery of the first coronavirus to the emergence of the last pandemic species - SARS-CoV-2 are discussed. The modern results of studying the morphology, structure and structure of the viral cell in coronaviruses, the characteristics of various representatives that cause diseases in humans and are of medical importance are described. The differences in the structure and structure of viruses of different types are pointed out and it is proposed to conditionally divide into «especially dangerous» and «banal» groups of coronaviruses. To analyze virological problems, modern literary sources, the opinion of international organizations, articles in the world’s leading medical and biological journals were used. In subsequent publications, the topic of coronaviruses and coronavirus infection will be continued.

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Harrison, Cameron M., Jayden M. Doster, Emily H. Landwehr, Nidhi P. Kumar, Ethan J. White, Dia C. Beachboard, and Christopher C. Stobart. "Evaluating the Virology and Evolution of Seasonal Human Coronaviruses Associated with the Common Cold in the COVID-19 Era." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020445.

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Approximately 15–30% of all cases of the common cold are due to human coronavirus infections. More recently, the emergence of the more severe respiratory coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, have highlighted the increased pathogenic potential of emergent coronaviruses. Lastly, the current emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated not only the potential for significant disease caused by emerging coronaviruses, but also the capacity of novel coronaviruses to promote pandemic spread. Largely driven by the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, significant research in coronavirus biology has led to advances in our understanding of these viruses. In this review, we evaluate the virology, emergence, and evolution of the four endemic coronaviruses associated with the common cold, their relationship to pandemic SARS-CoV-2, and discuss the potential for future emergent human coronaviruses.

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Baallal, Hassan, Hatim Belfquih, Amine Adraoui, and Ali Akhaddar. "Neuroinvasive Coronaviruses." Journal of Medical Research and Surgery 1, no. 3 (May 6, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52916/jmrs204015.

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Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. Several recognized respiratory viral agents have a neuroinvasive capacity since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the Central Nervous System (CNS). Once there, infection of CNS cells (neurotropism) could lead to human health problems, because they are naturally neuroinvasive and neurotropic, human coronaviruses are suspected to participate in the development of neurological diseases. Therefore, collecting new data will be instrumental to our understanding of how the ubiquitous human coronaviruses, given the proper susceptibility conditions and proper virus evolution and infection conditions, could participate in the induction or exacerbation of human neuropathologies. In the present study, we deduct the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in the Brain.

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Woo, Patrick, Susanna Lau, Cyril Yip, Yi Huang, and Kwok-Yung Yuen. "More and More Coronaviruses: Human Coronavirus HKU1." Viruses 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2009): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v1010057.

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Lv, Wenchang, Min Wu, Yuping Ren, Ning Zeng, Pei Deng, Hong Zeng, Qi Zhang, and Yiping Wu. "Coronavirus Disease 2019: Coronaviruses and Kidney Injury." Journal of Urology 204, no. 5 (November 2020): 918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ju.0000000000001289.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coronaviruses"

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Lau, Kar-pui Susanna. "Novel coronaviruses associated with human respiratory infections." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38279927.

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Cheng, Ka-yeung. "Coronavirus HKU1 and other coronaviruses in respiratory infections in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36357558.

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Cheng, Ka-yeung, and 鄭家揚. "Coronavirus HKU1 and other coronaviruses in respiratory infections in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010602.

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Lee, Paul. "Molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38348342.

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An, Sungwhan. "Mechanism of coronavirus transcription /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Culver, Francesca Anne. "Avian coronaviruses and astroviruses." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440470.

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Lau, Kar-pui Susanna, and 劉嘉珮. "Novel coronaviruses associated with human respiratory infections." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38279927.

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Li, Kam-bun Keith. "Experimental characterization of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 towards the viral infection /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39707489.

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Ismail, Mahmoud Moussa. "Studies on coronaviruses in Turkeys /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486572165275602.

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Li, Kam-bun Keith, and 李錦彬. "Experimental characterization of the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus spike protein and angiotensin: converting enzyme 2 towards the viral infection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707489.

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Books on the topic "Coronaviruses"

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Maier, Helena Jane, Erica Bickerton, and Paul Britton, eds. Coronaviruses. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7.

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Laude, Hubert, and Jean-François Vautherot, eds. Coronaviruses. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2996-5.

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Lai, Michael M. C., and Stephen A. Stohlman, eds. Coronaviruses. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2.

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Maier, Helena J., and Erica Bickerton, eds. Coronaviruses. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2.

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5

International Coronaviruses Symposium (3rd 1986 Asilomar, Calif.). Coronaviruses. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Jamsed, Arif. Tackling COVID-19: Policy options for Pakistan. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 2020.

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D, Cavanagh David Ph, and Brown T. David K, eds. Coronaviruses and their diseases. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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8

Wang, Leyi, ed. Animal Coronaviruses. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2091-5.

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Wang, Leyi, ed. Animal Coronaviruses. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3414-0.

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Luis, Enjuanes, Siddell S, Spaan Willy, and International Symposium on Coronaviruses and Arteriviruses (7th : 1997 : Segovia, Spain), eds. Coronaviruses and arteriviruses. New York: Plenum Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coronaviruses"

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Small, J. David, and Robert D. Woods. "Relatedness of Rabbit Coronavirus to Other Coronaviruses." In Coronaviruses, 521–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_68.

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Weiner, Leslie P. "Coronaviruses: A Historical Perspective." In Coronaviruses, 1–5. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_1.

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Niemann, Heiner, Thomas Mayer, Manfred Wirth, and Teruko Tamura. "Expression of the E1 Gene of Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV A59) In Vivo and In Vitro." In Coronaviruses, 83–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_10.

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Keck, James G., Shinji Makino, Lisa H. Soe, John O. Fleming, Stephen A. Stohlman, and Michael M. C. Lai. "RNA Recombination of Coronavirus." In Coronaviruses, 99–107. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_11.

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Rasschaert, Denis, Bernard Delmas, Bernard Charley, Jeanne Grosclaude, Jacqueline Gelfi, and Hubert Laude. "Surface Glycoproteins of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus: Functions and Gene Sequence." In Coronaviruses, 109–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_12.

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Kapke, Paul A., Frank Y. C. Tung, David A. Brian, Roger D. Woods, and Ronald Wesley. "Nucleotide Sequence of the Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Matrix Protein Gene." In Coronaviruses, 117–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_13.

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Lapps, William, Brenda G. Hogue, and David A. Brian. "Deduced Amino Acid Sequence and Potential O-Glycosylation Sites for the Bovine Coronavirus Matrix Protein." In Coronaviruses, 123–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_14.

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Hogue, Brenda G., and David A. Brian. "Glycosylation of the Bovine Coronavirus Hemagglutinin Protein." In Coronaviruses, 131–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_15.

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Baric, Ralph S., Chien Kou Shieh, Stephen A. Stohlman, and Michael M. C. Lai. "Studies into the Mechanism of MHV Transcription." In Coronaviruses, 137–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_16.

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Tomley, Fiona, Matthew Binns, Mike Boursnell, and Adrian Mockett. "Expression of IBV Spike Protein by a Vaccinia Virus Recombinant." In Coronaviruses, 151–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coronaviruses"

1

Gordeliy, Valentin, Alexey Vlasov, Anastasiia Vlasova, Sergey Bazhenov, Yury Ryzhykau, Nikolay Bondarev, Stepan Osipov, et al. "Coronaviruses Vaccines Development Based on Chimeric Proteins." In The 2nd International Online Conference on Crystals. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocc_2020-08466.

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Leneva, Irina, Evgeny Faizuloev, Nadezhda Kartashova, Anastasya Gracheva, Ekaterina Korchevaya, Artem Poromov, Georgy Ignatyev, et al. "Inhibition by umifenovir is broadly effective against coronaviruses." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.oa2660.

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Subbiah, Vennesa, Thandeka Moyo-Gwete, Jo-Ann Passmore, Penny Moore, Linda-Gail Bekker, Wendy Burgers, and Rubina Bunjun. "OA-235 Antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses in South Africa." In Abstracts of The Eleventh EDCTP Forum, 7–10 November 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-edc.19.

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Qu, G., Z. Dupee, M. Schaller, L. Sordo Vieira, Y. Scindia, and B. Mehrad. "The Effects of Extracellular Heme on Coronaviruses Induced Pulmonary Inflammatory Responses." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a4779.

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Chaley, Maria, and Vladimir Kutyrkin. "Determinative Role of Non-structural Protein Genes in Genus Identification of Coronaviruses." In 2022 Ural-Siberian Conference on Computational Technologies in Cognitive Science, Genomics and Biomedicine (CSGB). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csgb56354.2022.9865492.

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Grigoryan, D. A., I. F. Stetsenko, A. D. Matsvai, and G. A. Shipulin. "DETERMINATION OF THE ANALYTICAL SENSITIVITY OF RESEARCH WITH MULTIPLEX PRIMER PANEL FOR THE DETECTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS OF RESPIRATORY VIRAL PATHOGENS BY USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING." In OpenBio-2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-241.

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The research determined the analytical sensitivity of the multiplex primer panel for targeted enrichment of nucleic acids of pathogens of acute respiratory viral diseases. The limit of detection was determined for 23 types of viruses, including influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses.

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Al-Khalaifah, Hanan, Mohammad Al-Otaibi, and Abdulaziz Al-Ateeqi. "SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS: NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE, HISTORY, SYMPTOMS EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSES, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/22.

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With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in December 2019 in China, and the alarming rate at which it has spread across the world has unleashed not only fear, but has taken a toll on social, economic, health, and governing capabilities of the various countries infected with the virus. The pandemic is affecting all aspects of life, including industries such as the animal production industry all over the world. This includes plant, livestock and poultry production. Food security is accordingly impacted, as these industries are vital elements that are contributing to securing food to populations worldwide. In this review, light is shed on the origin of coronaviruses with special emphasis on COVID-19. It also includes introduction of symptoms, epidemiology and pathogenesis, etiology, and prevention. As the disease progresses, scientists are working around the clock in the hope of an effective vaccine, and they managed to introduce some to the worldwide populations. The world faces challenges on a day-to-day basis until most people are vaccinated.

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Jähne, S., S. Felten, K. Matiasek, M. Bergmann, C. Leutenegger, and K. Hartmann. "Detection of mutated and non-mutated feline coronaviruses in cats without feline infectious peritonitis." In 29. Jahrestagung der FG „Innere Medizin und klinische Labordiagnostik“ der DVG (InnLab) – Teil 1: Vorträge. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722399.

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"How miRNAs can protect humans from coronaviruses COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-277.

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Gaidelys, Vaidas, and Emilija Naudžiūnaitė. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SPECTRUM UV AND HINS RAYS ON COVID-19 AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC PROCESS AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRODUCTS." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.726.

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In late 2019, a new coronavirus, known as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as a cause of numerous pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city in Hubei Province, China. This virus quickly spread and caused a global pandemic. 2020, the World Health Organisation (WTO) named the new coronavirus dis-ease COVID-19. Most coronaviruses are non-hazardous, but the new virus that causes COVID-19 is an exception to the rule. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the effects of different spectra of UV and HINS rays on COVID-19 and their market introduction in the context of global demand. There are three main tasks of the study. First, verifica-tion of the latest COVID-19 virus studies in terms of accuracy and test duration, depending on whether a sample is taken from surfaces or from an aerosol. Second, comparison of COVID-19 identification by employing viral polymer-ase chain reaction (PCR), antigen detection and other methods. Third, economic description and justification of the testing algorithm. The results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious coronavirus that causes COVID-19 and is transmitted through air droplets and aerosols as well as through close contacts. The high risk of SARS-CoV-2 spread in confined spaces and through aerosol-generating medical procedures has been confirmed. SARS-CoV-2 can remain viable in air in liquid droplets <1 µm in diameter for up to 3 hours. Aerosol (<5 μm) SARS-CoV-2 persists longer on plastic and stainless steel than on copper and cardboard. SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to ultraviolet light. The use of UV and HINS rays in the production of COVID-19 products also has a significant impact on national economies.

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Reports on the topic "Coronaviruses"

1

Vaishnav, Y. Coronaviruses: Epidemics and Pandemics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1618194.

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Kapil, Sanjay, R. D. Oberst, Jill Marie Bieker, Mark David Tucker, Caroline Ann Souza, and Cecelia Victoria Williams. Rapid inactivation of SARS-like coronaviruses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918739.

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Potter, Ross. Coronaviruses: A 21st-century research phenomenon. Clarivate, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14322/isi.insight.3.

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Courtney, Colleen. Efficacy and Delivery of Novel FAST Agents for Coronaviruses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1670526.

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Kintz, Erica, Erin Lewis, and Victoria Cohen. Qualitative assessment of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 to human health through food exposures to deer in the UK. Food Standards Agency, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.jip603.

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SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the infectious disease COVID-19 (Gorbalenya et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)), was first detected in the human population in December 2019 (Zhu et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)). It has since spread to become a global pandemic. Previously, two other novel coronaviruses caused illness in the human population. The first, SARS-CoV (for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) was recognised as a new illness in 2004 and the second, MERS-CoV (for Middle East respiratory syndrome) in 2012 (de Wit et al. 2016). These previous coronavirus outbreaks in humans occurred after bat coronaviruses passed through intermediate hosts (civet cats and camels, respectively) and then transmitted to infect humans (de Wit et al. 2016). SARS-CoV-2 infections in companion animals such as dogs, cats and ferrets and also in captive or farmed animals such as tigers and mink have been observed, likely as spill over events from contact with infected humans (WOAH 2022). There is now a large body of evidence from the United States that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting white-tailed deer and that it can then spread further in the deer population (details in “What is the risk of SARS-CoV-2 being introduced into the cervid population in Great Britain?” (Defra, 2022). Assuming a worst-case scenario where SARS-CoV-2 is circulating within the UK deer population, this risk assessment was performed to determine whether handling and/or consuming UK-produced deer meat and/or offal may pose a risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in humans.

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F, Verdugo-Paiva, Izcovich A, Ragusa M, and Rada G. Lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.4f3c02f030.

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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Design This is the protocol of a living systematic review. Data sources We will conduct searches in the [https://app.iloveevidence.com/loves/5e6fdb9669c00e4ac072701d](L.OVE platform for COVID-19), a system that maps PICO questions to a repository maintained through regular searches in electronic databases, preprint servers, trial registries and other resources relevant to COVID-19. No date or language restrictions will be applied. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methods We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We will include randomised trials evaluating the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir— as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs — versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomised trials evaluating lopinavir/ritonavir in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19 will be searched in case no direct evidence from randomised trials is found, or if the direct evidence provides low- or very low-certainty for critical outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will perform random-effects meta-analyses and use GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it if the conclusions change or there are substantial updates. Ethics and dissemination No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks and traditional media. PROSPERO Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179212](CRD42020179212) Keywords COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coronavirus Infections, Systematic review, lopinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antivirals

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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. The Assessment Report on COVID-19 Global Outbreak. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.119.

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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and International Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on February 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongoing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observation due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of available resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction so far."

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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. COVID-19 Küresel Salgın Değerlendirme Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.118.

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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and Internati- onal Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on Febru- ary 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongo- ing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observa- tion due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of avai- lable resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction."

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Barro, Robert, José Ursúa, and Joanna Weng. The Coronavirus and the Great Influenza Pandemic: Lessons from the “Spanish Flu” for the Coronavirus’s Potential Effects on Mortality and Economic Activity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26866.

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Keenan, Teresa A., G. Chuck Rainville, and Jeffrey Love. Coronavirus Study: Advocacy Issues. Washington, DC: AARP Research, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00385.001.

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