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1
Pries, Axel R., Wolfgang M. Kuebler, and Helmut Habazettl. "Coronary Microcirculation in Ischemic Heart Disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 25 (November 8, 2018): 2893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180625142341.
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Background: Ischemic heart disease has long been considered to be exlusively caused by stenosis or occlusion. However, the coronary microcirculation too may play an important role in ischemic conditions. Also, the crucial role of microvessels in not only regulating blood flow on a local level but also mediating vascular permeability or inflammatory responses has been recognized. Objective: To review important physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of coronary microcirculatory control with focus on heterogeneity of local perfusion, microvascular permeability and inflammation. Method: Selective research of the literature. Results: Heterogeneity is a characteristic of microvascular networks and affects structural and functional parameters such as vessel diameter, length, and connection pattern, flow velocity, wall shear stress, and oxygenation. Microvascular networks are optimized to meet the metabolic demand of all tissue compartments. This requires continuous vascular adaptation regulated by local hemodynamic and metabolic stimuli. Compromising this regulation results in functional arterio-venous shunting and tissue areas with either hyperperfusion or hypoxia in close proximity. In ischemia-reperfusion, increased microvascular permeability may aggravate tissue hypoxia by increasing extravascular pressure and seems to contribute to adverse myocardial remodeling. Transendothelial transport mechanisms and deterioration of the endothelial glycocalyx seem to be major contributors to tissue edema. Also in the context of ischemia-reperfusion, an inflammatory response mediated by venular endothelium expressing specific adhesion molecules contributes to tissue injury. However, anti-inflammatory therapies failed in clinical studies and a multi-targeted approach for cardiac protection is required. Conclusion: Disturbances of the coronary microcirculation are involved in different pathophysiological aspects of reperfusion injury.
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Cavarretta, Elena, and Giacomo Frati. "MicroRNAs in Coronary Heart Disease: Ready to Enter the Clinical Arena?" BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2150763.
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complication remain the leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries despite great advances in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, act as posttranscriptional gene expression modulators and have been implicated as key regulators in several physiological and pathological processes linked to CAD. Circulating miRNAs have been evaluated as promising novel biomarkers of CAD, acute coronary syndromes, and acute myocardial infarction, with prognostic implications. Several challenges related to technical aspects, miRNAs normalization, drugs interaction, and quality reporting of statistical multivariable analysis of the miRNAs observational studies remain unresolved. MicroRNA-based therapies in cardiovascular diseases are not ready yet for human trials but definitely appealing. Through this review we will provide clinicians with a concise overview of the pros and cons of microRNAs.
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Santosa Putra, Iwan Cahyo, and William Kamarullah. "Diving deep into chelation therapy for coronary artery disease: a review." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195295.
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Chelation therapy is still a mainstay therapy when it comes to dealing with heavy metal intoxication. The ability of various chelators to bind metal and other chemical molecules led to the idea whether chelation therapy can be used as an alternative therapy to enchain calcium element that is known to be present in the atherosclerotic plaque. Various studies have been conducted, one of which is a large trial to assess chelation therapy study to show in case ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelator can be proven by evidence-based in managing coronary heart disease. Despite the favorable results that were found in many literature studies, the results of the study are still under debate in various aspects. To address this issue, we conducted a review article to discuss comprehensively the general description of EDTA as chelation therapy, various mechanisms that can explain the use of EDTA in the management of coronary heart disease, the pharmacokinetic aspects of EDTA chelation therapy, as well as describing various existing studies with a good level of evidence to review the effectiveness of these therapies against coronary artery disease.
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Khaw, Kay-Tee. "Epidemiological aspects of ageing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1363 (December 29, 1997): 1829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0168.
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A major societal challenge is to improve quality of life and prevent or reduce disability and dependency in an ageing population. Increasing age is associated with increasing risk of disability and loss of independence, due to functional impairments such as loss of mobility, hearing and vision; a major issue must be how far disability can be prevented. Ageing is associated with loss of bone tissue, reduction in muscle mass, reduced respiratory function, decline in cognitive function, rise in blood pressure and macular degeneration which predispose to disabling conditions such as osteoporosis, heart disease, dementia and blindness. However, there are considerable variations in different communities in terms of the rate of age–related decline. Large geographic and secular variations in the age–adjusted incidence of major chronic diseases such as stroke, hip fracture, coronary heart disease, cancer, visual loss from cataract, glaucoma and macular degeneration suggest strong environmental determinants in diet, physical activity and smoking habit. The evidence suggests that a substantial proportion of chronic disabling conditions associated with ageing are preventable, or at least postponable and not an inevitable accompaniment of growing old. Postponement or prevention of these conditions may not only increase longevity, but, more importantly, reduce the period of illnesses such that the majority of older persons may live high–quality lives, free of disability, until very shortly before death. We need to understand better the factors influencing the onset of age–related disability in the population, so that we have appropriate strategies to maintain optimal health in an ageing population.
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Malekmohammad, Khojasteh, Robert D. E. Sewell, and Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei. "Antioxidants and Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Aspects." Biomolecules 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080301.
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is a major cause of coronary heart disease and stroke in humans. It is characterized by intimal plaques and cholesterol accumulation in arterial walls. The side effects of currently prescribed synthetic drugs and their high cost in the treatment of atherosclerosis has prompted the use of alternative herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and antioxidants associated with fewer adverse effects for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This article aims to present the activity mechanisms of antioxidants on atherosclerosis along with a review of the most prevalent medicinal plants employed against this multifactorial disease. The wide-ranging information in this review article was obtained from scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Natural and synthetic antioxidants have a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis through different mechanisms. These include: The inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the inhibition of cytokine secretion, the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation and platelet aggregation, the preclusion of mononuclear cell infiltration, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and vasodilation, the augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, the modulation of the expression of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells, and the suppression of foam cell formation.
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Simmonds, Steven J., Ilona Cuijpers, Stephane Heymans, and Elizabeth A. V. Jones. "Cellular and Molecular Differences between HFpEF and HFrEF: A Step Ahead in an Improved Pathological Understanding." Cells 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9010242.
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Heart failure (HF) is the most rapidly growing cardiovascular health burden worldwide. HF can be classified into three groups based on the percentage of the ejection fraction (EF): heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF), heart failure with mid-range—also called mildly reduced EF— (HFmrEF), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFmrEF can progress into either HFrEF or HFpEF, but its phenotype is dominated by coronary artery disease, as in HFrEF. HFrEF and HFpEF present with differences in both the development and progression of the disease secondary to changes at the cellular and molecular level. While recent medical advances have resulted in efficient and specific treatments for HFrEF, these treatments lack efficacy for HFpEF management. These differential response rates, coupled to increasing rates of HF, highlight the significant need to understand the unique pathogenesis of HFrEF and HFpEF. In this review, we summarize the differences in pathological development of HFrEF and HFpEF, focussing on disease-specific aspects of inflammation and endothelial function, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, alterations in the giant spring titin, and fibrosis. We highlight the areas of difference between the two diseases with the aim of guiding research efforts for novel therapeutics in HFrEF and HFpEF.
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Golukhova, E. Z., O. I. Gromova, R. A. Shomahov, N. I. Bulaeva, and L. A. Bockeria. "Monogenec Arrhythmic Syndromes: From Molecular and Genetic Aspects to Bedside." Acta Naturae 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2016-8-2-62-74.
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The abrupt cessation of effective cardiac function that is generally due to heart rhythm disorders can cause sudden and unexpected death at any age and is referred to as a syndrome called sudden cardiac death (SCD). Annually, about 400,000 cases of SCD occur in the United States alone. Less than 5% of the resuscitation techniques are effective. The prevalence of SCD in a population rises with age according to the prevalence of coronary artery disease, which is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest. However, there is a peak in SCD incidence for the age below 5 years, which is equal to 17 cases per 100,000 of the population. This peak is due to congenital monogenic arrhythmic canalopathies. Despite their relative rarity, these cases are obviously the most tragic. The immediate causes, or mechanisms, of SCD are comprehensive. Generally, it is arrhythmic death due to ventricular tachyarrythmias - sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Bradyarrhythmias and pulseless electrical activity account for no more than 40% of all registered cardiac arrests, and they are more often the outcome of the abovementioned arrhythmias. Our current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for SCD has emerged from decades of basic science investigation into the normal electrophysiology of the heart, the molecular physiology of cardiac ion channels, the fundamental cellular and tissue events associated with cardiac arrhythmias, and the molecular genetics of monogenic disorders of the heart rhythm (for example, the long QT syndrome). This review presents an overview of the molecular and genetic basis of SCD in the long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, and sudden cardiac death prevention strategies by modern techniques (including implantable cardioverter-defibrillator).
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Bastos, Marcelo B., Maarten P. van Wiechen, and Nicolas M. Van Mieghem. "PulseCath iVAC2L: next-generation pulsatile mechanical circulatory support." Future Cardiology 16, no. 2 (March 2020): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca-2019-0060.
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Contemporary state of the art percutaneous coronary intervention techniques offer treatment strategies and solutions to an increasing number of patients with heart failure and complex coronary artery disease. Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support is intended to alleviate the mechanical and energetic workload imposed to a failing ventricle by reducing left ventricle pressures and volumes and potentially also increasing coronary blood flow. The PulseCath iVAC2L is a transaortic left ventricular assist device that applies a pneumatic driving system to produce pulsatile forward flow. Herein, the essential aspects regarding iVAC2L are discussed with focus on its mechanisms of action and the available clinical experience.
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Ventegodt, Søren, Efrat Merrick, and Joav Merrick. "Clinical Holistic Medicine: The Dean Ornish Program (“Opening the Heart”) in Cardiovascular Disease." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 1977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.330.
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Dean Ornish of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California has created an intensive holistic treatment for coronary heart patients with improved diet (low fat, whole foods, plant based), exercise, stress management, and social support that has proven to be efficient. In this paper, we analyze the rationale behind his cure in relation to contemporary holistic medical theory. In spite of a complex treatment program, the principles seem to be simple and in accordance with holistic medical theories, like the Antonovsky concept of rehabilitating the sense of coherence and the life mission theory for holistic medicine. We believe there is a need for the allocation of resources for further research into the aspects of holistic health and its methods, where positive and significant results have been proven and reproduced at several sites.
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Shi, Qi, Kuo Gao, Huihui Zhao, Juan Wang, Xing Zhai, Peng Lu, Jianxin Chen, and Wei Wang. "Phenomics Research on Coronary Heart Disease Based on Human Phenotype Ontology." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/240284.
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The characteristics of holistic, dynamics, complexity, and spatial and temporal features enable “Omics” and theories of TCM to interlink with each other. HPO, namely, “characterization,” can be understood as a sorting and generalization of the manifestations shown by people with diseases on the basis of the phenomics. Syndrome is the overall “manifestation” of human body pathological and physiological changes expressed by four diagnostic methods’ information. The four diagnostic methods’ data could be the most objective and direct manifestations of human body under morbid conditions. In this aspect, it is consistent with the connation of “characterization.” Meanwhile, the four diagnostic methods’ data also equip us with features of characterization in HPO. In our study, we compared 107 pieces of four diagnostic methods’ information with the “characterization database” to further analyze data of four diagnostic methods’ characterization in accordance with the common characteristics of four diagnostic methods’ information and characterization and integrated 107 pieces of four diagnostic methods’ data to relevant items in HPO and finished the expansion of characterization information in HPO.
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Bambauer, Rolf, Carolin Bambauer, Boris Lehmann, Reinhard Latza, and Ralf Schiel. "LDL-Apheresis: Technical and Clinical Aspects." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/314283.
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The prognosis of patients suffering from severe hyperlipidemia, sometimes combined with elevated lipoprotein (a) levels, and coronary heart disease refractory to diet and lipid-lowering drugs is poor. For such patients, regular treatment with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is the therapeutic option. Today, there are five different LDL-apheresis systems available: cascade filtration or lipid filtration, immunoadsorption, heparin-induced LDL precipitation, dextran sulfate LDL adsorption, and the LDL hemoperfusion. There is a strong correlation between hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Besides the elimination of other risk factors, in severe hyperlipidemia therapeutic strategies should focus on a drastic reduction of serum lipoproteins. Despite maximum conventional therapy with a combination of different kinds of lipid-lowering drugs, sometimes the goal of therapy cannot be reached. Hence, in such patients, treatment with LDL-apheresis is indicated. Technical and clinical aspects of these five different LDL-apheresis methods are shown here. There were no significant differences with respect to or concerning all cholesterols, or triglycerides observed. With respect to elevated lipoprotein (a) levels, however, the immunoadsorption method seems to be most effective. The different published data clearly demonstrate that treatment with LDL-apheresis in patients suffering from severe hyperlipidemia refractory to maximum conservative therapy is effective and safe in long-term application.
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Nikolaev, K. Yu, K. I. Bondareva, A. Ya Kovaleva, and G. I. Lifshic. "Peculiarities of hypoglycaemic therapy in acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 25, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2021-2-27-37.
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<p>This study assessed the features of the course of acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Additionally, the role of antihyperglycaemic therapy as a cardio protection factor in this syndrome was determined by analysing the available literature data and clinical guidelines. Various antihyperglycaemic drug groups demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms of protection against ischemic cardiomyocytes. Cardiovascular disease treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is rapidly developing. However, many aspects, including the exact mechanisms of the cardio protective action of antihyperglycaemic drugs, the presence of an additional positive effect of antihyperglycaemic drugs for patients with other diseases (e.g. kidney disease and chronic heart failure), and possible primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes, remain unclear.</p><p>Received 11 September 2020. Revised 16 January 2021. Accepted 10 February 2021.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest: </strong>Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
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Amin, Mohammad Nurul, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Md Ibrahim, Md Lukman Hakim, Md Salim Ahammed, Asma Kabir, and Farhana Sultana. "Inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212096575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120965752.
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Inflammatory cytokines are highly inducible small glycoproteins or regulatory proteins of low molecular weight secreted by different cell types. They regulate intercellular communication and mediate a number of physiological functions in the human immune system. Numerous prospective studies report that inflammatory cytokines strongly predict coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other adverse cardiac events. Inflammatory cascade is believed to be a causative factor in the development of atherosclerotic process. Several aspects of atherogenesis are accelerated by cytokines. This article provides an overall overview of current understanding of cytokines in various cardiovascular events. Besides, inflammatory cytokines trigger cellular events that can induce malignancy and carcinogenesis. Elevated expression of several cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor-β are involved in tumor initiation and progression. Thus, they exert a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis. This review highlights the role of several cytokines in various events of tumorigenesis. Actually, this article summarizes the contributions of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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De La Grandmaison, G. Lorin, and M. Durigon. "Sudden Adult Death: A Medico-Legal Series of 77 Cases between 1995 and 2000." Medicine, Science and the Law 42, no. 3 (July 2002): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240204200306.
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Among all the autopsies performed between 1995 and 2000 in our Department, 77 adult cases of sudden death were selected. Sex, age, place of death, circumstances of death, causes of death and heart weight were reported from these 77 post-mortem records. A complete forensic autopsy was performed in every case. Sudden death occurred more frequently in males at rest. Strenuous activity was rarely involved in sudden death and 72.7% of the cases died from cardiovascular disease, mainly coronary atherosclerosis. Non-cardiac causes were dominated by pulmonary and neurological diseases. Cardiomegaly was a frequent finding in cases who died from cardiac pathology. This study underlines the importance of complete medico-legal investigations in case of sudden death. Multiple heart samples are required in order to detect focal microscopic lesions, such as myocarditis and some forms of cardiomyopathy with minimal gross abnormalities. The post-mortem diagnosis of such cardiomyopathies is very important because the family of the deceased may undergo a possible screening. Toxicology is useful in the diagnosis of epileptic seizure and in identifying drugs like metamphetamine as a risk factor for some lethal cardiovascular pathologies such as aortic dissection. Molecular biology can also be helpful when limits of morphological diagnosis have been reached.
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Lata Kanyal Butola, Anjali Vaaga, Neelam Gusain, and Karuna Kachhwa. "Aspects of dietary fibre in health and diseases." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4341.
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Dietary fibre is the name collectively given to the indigestible carbohydrates present in foods. These carbohydrates consist of cellulose, gum, pectin and mucilage. Enzymes of gastro-intestinal tracts in humans do not digest these fibres. Plants are the only source of dietary fibre. It is found in grains, vegetables and fruits. Dietary fibre helps to keep the digestive system healthy, and it is vital in reducing the risk of diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, diverticulosis, haemorrhoids and intestinal cancer. Undigested fibres enter the large intestine where bacteria ferments them. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and short-chain fatty acids are the by-products of the fermentation. Soluble fibre and resistant starch also serve as prebiotic and supports the necessary probiotic for digestive health. In grapes, peas, beans and barley, much of the soluble fibre is extracted. When dissolved in the water, a gel-like substance is formed. Soluble fibre helps to support the growth of friendly bacteria needed to maintain a healthy intestinal system. They also help in slowing down the time taken by the food to pass through the stomach into the small intestine, which helps to slow down the absorption of glucose and controls the blood sugar levels and helps in managing diabetes mellitus and keeps you feeling fuller for a longer time. The diets with high fibre intakes are known to have beneficial health effects as they have water holding capacity, helps in adsorption of organic molecules and facilitates its excretion, hypoglycemic effects and hypercholesterolemic effect. The inclusion of fibre rich food in weight-reducing diets is found to helpful since it provides a feeling of fullness without consumption of excess calories. The present review discusses the definition, nutritional properties of dietary fibre and therapeutic functions of dietary fibres in health and diseases.
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Khan, Johra, Prashanta Kumar Deb, Somi Priya, Karla Damián Medina, Rajlakshmi Devi, Sanjay G. Walode, and Mithun Rudrapal. "Dietary Flavonoids: Cardioprotective Potential with Antioxidant Effects and Their Pharmacokinetic, Toxicological and Therapeutic Concerns." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134021.
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Flavonoids comprise a large group of structurally diverse polyphenolic compounds of plant origin and are abundantly found in human diet such as fruits, vegetables, grains, tea, dairy products, red wine, etc. Major classes of flavonoids include flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and chalcones. Owing to their potential health benefits and medicinal significance, flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of medicinal, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic preparations. Moreover, flavonoids play a significant role in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which could be mainly due to their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and antithrombotic effects. Epidemiological and in vitro/in vivo evidence of antioxidant effects supports the cardioprotective function of dietary flavonoids. Further, the inhibition of LDL oxidation and platelet aggregation following regular consumption of food containing flavonoids and moderate consumption of red wine might protect against atherosclerosis and thrombosis. One study suggests that daily intake of 100 mg of flavonoids through the diet may reduce the risk of developing morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) by approximately 10%. This review summarizes dietary flavonoids with their sources and potential health implications in CVDs including various redox-active cardioprotective (molecular) mechanisms with antioxidant effects. Pharmacokinetic (oral bioavailability, drug metabolism), toxicological, and therapeutic aspects of dietary flavonoids are also addressed herein with future directions for the discovery and development of useful drug candidates/therapeutic molecules.
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Goetzl, Edward J., Markus Graeler, Mei-Chuan Huang, and Geetha Shankar. "Lysophospholipid Growth Factors and Their G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Immunity, Coronary Artery Disease, and Cancer." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.124.
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The physiological lysophospholipids (LPLs), exemplified by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are omnific mediators of normal cellular proliferation, survival, and functions. Although both LPA and S1P attain micromolar concentrations in many biological fluids, numerous aspects of their biosynthesis, transport, and metabolic degradation are unknown. Eight members of a new subfamily of G protein-coupled LPA/S1P receptors, originally termed Edg Rs, bind either LPA or S1P with high affinity and transduce a series of growth-related and/or cytoskeleton-based functional responses. The most critical areas of LPL biology and pathobiology are neural development and neurodegeneration, immunity, atherosclerosis and myocardial injury, and cancer. Data from analyses of T cells established two basic points: (1) the plasticity and adaptability of expression of LPA/S1P Rs by some cells as a function of activation, and (2) the role of opposing signals from two different receptors for the same ligand as a mechanism for fine control of effects of LPLs. In the heart, LPLs may promote coronary atherosclerosis, but are effectively cytoprotective for hypoxic cardiac myocytes and those exposed to oxygen free radicals. The findings of production of LPA by some types of tumor cells, overexpression of selected sets of LPA receptors by the same tumor cells, and augmentation of the effects of protein growth factors by LPA have suggested pathogenetic roles for the LPLs in cancer. The breadth of physiologic and pathologic activities of LPLs emphasizes the importance of developing bioavailable nonlipid agonists and antagonists of the LPA/S1P receptors for diverse therapeutic applications.
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Fortini, Francesca, Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega, Luisa Marracino, Paolo Severi, Claudio Rapezzi, Paola Rizzo, and Roberto Ferrari. "Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080997.
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Endothelial dysfunction characterizes every aspect of the so-called cardiovascular continuum, a series of events ranging from hypertension to the development of atherosclerosis and, finally, to coronary heart disease, thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is the main prognostic factor for the progression of vascular disorders, which responds to drug intervention and lifestyle changes. Virtually all of the drugs used to prevent cardiovascular disorders, such as long-used and new antilipidemic agents and inhibitors of angiotensin enzyme (ACEi), exert an important effect on the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is a central feature of coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19), and it is now clear that life-risk complications of the disease are prompted by alterations of the endothelium induced by viral infection. As a consequence, the progression of COVID-19 is worse in the subjects in whom endothelial dysfunction is already present, such as elderly, diabetic, obese, and hypertensive patients. Importantly, circulating biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury predict the severity and mortality of the disease and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatments. The purpose of this review is to provide updates on endothelial function by discussing its clinical relevance in the cardiovascular continuum, the latest insights from molecular and cellular biology, and their implications for clinical practice, with a focus on new actors, such as the Notch signaling and emerging therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Rohatgi, Anand, Marit Westerterp, Arnold von Eckardstein, Alan Remaley, and Kerry-Anne Rye. "HDL in the 21st Century: A Multifunctional Roadmap for Future HDL Research." Circulation 143, no. 23 (June 8, 2021): 2293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.044221.
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Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) characterizes an atherogenic dyslipidemia that reflects adverse lifestyle choices, impaired metabolism, and increased cardiovascular risk. Low HDL-C is also associated with increased risk of inflammatory disorders, malignancy, diabetes, and other diseases. This epidemiologic evidence has not translated to raising HDL-C as a viable therapeutic target, partly because HDL-C does not reflect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function. Mendelian randomization analyses that have found no evidence of a causal relationship between HDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk have decreased interest in increasing HDL-C levels as a therapeutic target. HDLs comprise distinct subpopulations of particles of varying size, charge, and composition that have several dynamic and context-dependent functions, especially with respect to acute and chronic inflammatory states. These functions include reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of inflammation and oxidation, and antidiabetic properties. HDLs can be anti-inflammatory (which may protect against atherosclerosis and diabetes) and proinflammatory (which may help clear pathogens in sepsis). The molecular regulation of HDLs is complex, as evidenced by their association with multiple proteins, as well as bioactive lipids and noncoding RNAs. Clinical investigations of HDL biomarkers (HDL-C, HDL particle number, and apolipoprotein A through I) have revealed nonlinear relationships with cardiovascular outcomes, differential relationships by sex and ethnicity, and differential patterns with coronary versus noncoronary events. Novel HDL markers may also have relevance for heart failure, cancer, and diabetes. HDL function markers (namely, cholesterol efflux capacity) are associated with coronary disease, but they remain research tools. Therapeutics that manipulate aspects of HDL metabolism remain the holy grail. None has proven to be successful, but most have targeted HDL-C, not metrics of HDL function. Future therapeutic strategies should focus on optimizing HDL function in the right patients at the optimal time in their disease course. We provide a framework to help the research and clinical communities, as well as funding agencies and stakeholders, obtain insights into current thinking on these topics, and what we predict will be an exciting future for research and development on HDLs.
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Coates, Alison Mary, Samantha Morgillo, Catherine Yandell, Andrew Scholey, Jonathan David Buckley, Kathryn Ann Dyer, and Alison Marie Hill. "Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041180.
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Long term nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease and better cognitive function. This study examined supplementing habitual diets with almonds or carbohydrate-rich snack foods (providing 15% energy) on biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health, mood and cognitive performance. Participants (overweight/obese, 50–80 years) were randomised to an almond-enriched diet (AED) or isocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, cell adhesions molecules, C reactive protein (CRP), mood, and cognitive performance (working memory primary outcome), dietary profiles and energy intake/expenditure were measured at baseline and Week 12 in 128 participants (n = 63 AED, n = 65 NFD). Compared with NFD, AED was associated with altered macro and micronutrient profiles, but no differences in energy intake or expenditure. The AED significantly reduced triglycerides and SBP but there were no other changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers, mood, or cognitive performance. The inclusion of almonds in the diet improves aspects of cardiometabolic health without affecting cognitive performance or mood in overweight/obese adults.
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Kumar, Shashank, and Abhay K. Pandey. "Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750.
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There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids from plant sources because of their versatile health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Since flavonoids are directly associated with human dietary ingredients and health, there is need to evaluate structure and function relationship. The bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity of flavonoids depend upon the configuration, total number of hydroxyl groups, and substitution of functional groups about their nuclear structure. Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids for humans, along with tea and wine. Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans. Many flavonoids are shown to have antioxidative activity, free radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease prevention, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, while some flavonoids exhibit potential antiviral activities. In plant systems, flavonoids help in combating oxidative stress and act as growth regulators. For pharmaceutical purposes cost-effective bulk production of different types of flavonoids has been made possible with the help of microbial biotechnology. This review highlights the structural features of flavonoids, their beneficial roles in human health, and significance in plants as well as their microbial production.
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Hidirova, L. D., D. A. Yakhontov, S. A. Zenin, and V. N. Maximov. "Genetic markers of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension in combination with non-cardiac diseases." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2019-1-83.
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<p><strong>Letter to the editor:</strong></p><p>The world medical community has categorised atrial fibrillation (AF) as one of the three cardiovascular ‘epidemics of the 21st century’, along with chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus [1]. In recent years, the prevalence of AF has increasing steadily. However, the exact cause for the increase in the incidence of AF<br />cannot be explained only by the increase in life expectancy, prevalence of cardiac valve disease or prevalence of myocardial infarction [2].</p><p>Although AF occurs in individuals with various manifestations of coronary heart disease, it is increasingly being diagnosed in patients with arterial hypertension without coronary heart disease [3]. AF causes serious cardiovascular complications; thus, a deep understanding of its pathogenetic aspects and a comprehensive study that considers comorbid pathologies for identifying the predictors of the development and progression of AF are required [4].</p><p>Hereditary factors can play a significant role in the development of AF and hypertension; consequently, the worldwide practice of scientific research in basic medicine pays significant attention to the molecular genetics methods of analysis.</p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the genetic determinants in patients with hypertension with AF progression accompanied by various extra-cardiac comorbid pathologies.</p><p>This prospective cohort study included 167 patients with a paroxysmal and persistent form of AF and stage III hypertonic disease without coronary heart disease. The average age of the patients was 53.3 ± 7.1 years. DNA isolation from blood leucocytes was performed using phenol–chloroform extraction. The rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene, the rs220073 polymorphism and the -174G/C polymorphism (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene were assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The statistical hypotheses were considered significant at a critical level of p = 0.05, i.e.<br />the difference was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The lower limit of evidentiary power was equal to 80%.</p><p>This study reported associations between the rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene, the rs1800795 polymorphism of the IL6 gene and the rs220073 polymorphism and the progression of AF in combination with the following associated diseases: hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity. The relative risk of the progression of AF in carriers of the allele C was 1.94 times higher than that in carriers of the allele A [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–3.09]. Carriage of the AA genotype was conditionally protective against the progression of AF (relative risk, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.80; p = 0.010).</p><p>Associations of the rs1378942 and rs1800795 polymorphisms with the risk of recurrence of AF in combination with certain diseases were also found. In addition, associations were identified between rs1378942 and glomerular filtration rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left atrial wall thickness and glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels; between rs220073 and levels of triglycerides, atherogenic index, creatinine, fibrinogen and the number of months before the development of relapse and between rs1800795 and HDL cholesterol, creatinine and galectin-3 levels and diastolic blood pressure.</p><p>The secondary form of AF as a multi-factorial disease develops under the influence of many factors of both the external environment and hereditary nature. The complexity of the etio-pathogenesis of the disease makes it extremely difficult for researchers to identify the factors that play a leading role in the development of the pathological process. Currently, associative studies of AF with polymorphisms of >260 genes have been conducted, and genome-wide associative studies have been performed as well. The reproducibility of the results depends on several factors: age, sex, comorbidities, ethnicity, penetrance, expressiveness, pleiotropy, various epigenetic influences and many more.</p><p>Despite the limitations of the sample, our study adds to the data material already available that can serve in the prognostic assessment of the development and progression of AF. Further studies will allow the development of a personalised algorithm for predicting the progression of AF in hypertension combined<br />with extra-cardiac diseases. In this regard, further larger studies are necessary that involve other institutions and a larger sample of patients, which will make it possible to predict the progression of AF with the definition of additional molecular criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy and the possibilities of targeted treatment.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
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Hidirova, L. D., D. A. Yakhontov, S. A. Zenin, and V. N. Maximov. "Genetic markers of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension in combination with non-cardiac diseases." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2019-1-83-85.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Letter to the editor:</strong></p><p>The world medical community has categorised atrial fibrillation (AF) as one of the three cardiovascular ‘epidemics of the 21st century’, along with chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus [1]. In recent years, the prevalence of AF has increasing steadily. However, the exact cause for the increase in the incidence of AF<br />cannot be explained only by the increase in life expectancy, prevalence of cardiac valve disease or prevalence of myocardial infarction [2].</p><p>Although AF occurs in individuals with various manifestations of coronary heart disease, it is increasingly being diagnosed in patients with arterial hypertension without coronary heart disease [3]. AF causes serious cardiovascular complications; thus, a deep understanding of its pathogenetic aspects and a comprehensive study that considers comorbid pathologies for identifying the predictors of the development and progression of AF are required [4].</p><p>Hereditary factors can play a significant role in the development of AF and hypertension; consequently, the worldwide practice of scientific research in basic medicine pays significant attention to the molecular genetics methods of analysis.</p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the genetic determinants in patients with hypertension with AF progression accompanied by various extra-cardiac comorbid pathologies.</p><p>This prospective cohort study included 167 patients with a paroxysmal and persistent form of AF and stage III hypertonic disease without coronary heart disease. The average age of the patients was 53.3 ± 7.1 years. DNA isolation from blood leucocytes was performed using phenol–chloroform extraction. The rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene, the rs220073 polymorphism and the -174G/C polymorphism (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene were assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The statistical hypotheses were considered significant at a critical level of p = 0.05, i.e.<br />the difference was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The lower limit of evidentiary power was equal to 80%.</p><p>This study reported associations between the rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene, the rs1800795 polymorphism of the IL6 gene and the rs220073 polymorphism and the progression of AF in combination with the following associated diseases: hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity. The relative risk of the progression of AF in carriers of the allele C was 1.94 times higher than that in carriers of the allele A [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–3.09]. Carriage of the AA genotype was conditionally protective against the progression of AF (relative risk, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.80; p = 0.010).</p><p>Associations of the rs1378942 and rs1800795 polymorphisms with the risk of recurrence of AF in combination with certain diseases were also found. In addition, associations were identified between rs1378942 and glomerular filtration rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left atrial wall thickness and glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels; between rs220073 and levels of triglycerides, atherogenic index, creatinine, fibrinogen and the number of months before the development of relapse and between rs1800795 and HDL cholesterol, creatinine and galectin-3 levels and diastolic blood pressure.</p><p>The secondary form of AF as a multi-factorial disease develops under the influence of many factors of both the external environment and hereditary nature. The complexity of the etio-pathogenesis of the disease makes it extremely difficult for researchers to identify the factors that play a leading role in the development of the pathological process. Currently, associative studies of AF with polymorphisms of >260 genes have been conducted, and genome-wide associative studies have been performed as well. The reproducibility of the results depends on several factors: age, sex, comorbidities, ethnicity, penetrance, expressiveness, pleiotropy, various epigenetic influences and many more.</p><p>Despite the limitations of the sample, our study adds to the data material already available that can serve in the prognostic assessment of the development and progression of AF. Further studies will allow the development of a personalised algorithm for predicting the progression of AF in hypertension combined<br />with extra-cardiac diseases. In this regard, further larger studies are necessary that involve other institutions and a larger sample of patients, which will make it possible to predict the progression of AF with the definition of additional molecular criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy and the possibilities of targeted treatment.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
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Kringlen, E. "Psychosocial aspects of coronary heart disease." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 74, no. 3 (September 1986): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06238.x.
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Seraganian, Peter. "Behavioural aspects of coronary heart disease." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 26, no. 2 (April 1985): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0080026.
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Chen, Zheng-Wei, Cheng-Hsuan Tsai, Chien-Ting Pan, Chia-Hung Chou, Che-Wei Liao, Chi-Sheng Hung, Vin-Cent Wu, and Yen-Hung Lin. "Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Aldosteronism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205214.
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Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands and is the most common and treatable cause of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that participates in the regulation of electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and tissue remodeling. The excess of aldosterone caused by PA results in an increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and even arrhythmia and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is a well-established fundamental cause of cardiovascular diseases and also a predictor of worse clinical outcomes. Accumulating evidence indicates that aldosterone plays an important role in the initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction. Several mechanisms have been shown to contribute to aldosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction, including aldosterone-mediated vascular tone dysfunction, aldosterone- and endothelium-mediated vascular inflammation, aldosterone-related atherosclerosis, and vascular remodeling. These mechanisms are activated by aldosterone through genomic and nongenomic pathways in mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent and independent manners. In addition, other cells have also been shown to participate in these mechanisms. The complex interactions among endothelium, inflammatory cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are crucial for aldosterone-mediated endothelial dysregulation. In this review, we discuss the association between aldosterone and endothelial function and the complex mechanisms from a molecular aspect. Furthermore, we also review current clinical research of endothelial dysfunction in patients with PA.
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Agewall, Stefan. "Some Aspects of Preventing Coronary Heart Disease." Angiology 63, no. 1 (May 8, 2011): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319711407060.
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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world and that might also soon be the case in other parts of the world. There are several easily measured and potentially modifiable risk factors that account for a substantial proportion of the risk of CHD. The effect of risk factors interventions appears to be consistent in both genders, across different geographic regions, and by all ethnic groups, suggesting that approaches to prevention can be based on similar principles worldwide. Optimal target levels for serum cholesterol and blood pressure are not yet clear. Future risk CHD reduction will mainly be achieved by improved primary prevention.
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Chen, Li-Ru, and Kuo-Hu Chen. "Utilization of Isoflavones in Soybeans for Women with Menopausal Syndrome: An Overview." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063212.
Full textAbstract:
Based on their nutrient composition, soybeans and related foods have been considered to be nutritious and healthy for humans. Particularly, the biological activity and subsequent benefits of soy products may be associated with the presence of isoflavone in soybeans. As an alternative treatment for menopause-related symptoms, isoflavone has gained much popularity for postmenopausal women who have concerns related to undergoing hormone replacement therapy. However, current research has still not reached a consensus on the effects of isoflavone on humans. This overview is a summary of the current literature about the processing of soybeans and isoflavone types (daidzein, genistein, and S-equol) and supplements and their extraction and analysis as well as information about the utilization of isoflavones in soybeans. The processes of preparation (cleaning, drying, crushing and dehulling) and extraction of soybeans are implemented to produce refined soy oil, soy lecithin, free fatty acids, glycerol and soybean meal. The remaining components consist of inorganic constituents (minerals) and the minor components of biologically interesting small molecules. Regarding the preventive effects on diseases or cancers, a higher intake of isoflavones is associated with a moderately lower risk of developing coronary heart disease. It may also reduce the risks of breast and colorectal cancer as well as the incidence of breast cancer recurrence. Consumption of isoflavones or soy foods is associated with reduced risks of endometrial and bladder cancer. Regarding the therapeutic effects on menopausal syndrome or other diseases, isoflavones have been found to alleviate vasomotor syndromes even after considering placebo effects, reduce bone loss in the spine and ameliorate hypertension and in vitro glycemic control. They may also alleviate depressive symptoms during pregnancy. On the other hand, isoflavones have not shown definitive effects regarding improving cognition and urogenital symptoms. Because of lacking standardization in the study designs, such as the ingredients and doses of isoflavones and the durations and outcomes of trials, it currently remains difficult to draw overall conclusions for all aspects of isoflavones. These limitations warrant further investigations of isoflavone use for women’s health.
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Blaxter, K. L., and A. J. F. Webster. "Animal production and food: real problems and paranoia." Animal Science 53, no. 3 (December 1991): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020250.
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AbstractThe scientific and technological expansion of British agriculture between the mid 1930s and mid 1980s can be attributed primarily to the provision of favourable and stable prices and only secondly to government support of research and development. These conditions have changed. Most government-funded research in agriculture is now directed to the new biological sciences, molecular biology and transgenics. It is uncertain whether those at the frontiers of biotechnology are aware of the limits and constraints placed on animal production. Equally, it is uncertain whether the commercial supply services to agriculture will be prepared to meet the costs of transferring this new technology into production. These real problems facing agriculture are amenable to rational solutions. Of greater concern are food scares whipped up by pressure groups and government responses taken in the absence of, or in defiance of, scientific evidence.Two examples are considered, one trivial, the other deadly serious. The first involves the recommendation that pregnant women ‘should not eat liver’ based on an unpublished report of a single case of birth defects. The second example chosen for discussion is the alleged causal relationship between the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and coronary heart disease. The inadequacy of the simple distinction between saturated and unsaturated fats is briefly reviewed in the light of new knowledge relating to specific SFA, monounsaturates and the distinction between polyunsaturates of the linoleic and linolenic series. Evidence from large epidemiological studies is marshalled to demonstrate that there is no good case to support the conclusion of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA, 1984) that the nation's diet should be changed to reduce the proportion of saturated fats. The Department of Health is invited to recall COMA to reconsider their recommendations in the light of new evidence.
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Scott, C. D., and J. H. Dark. "Coronary artery disease after heart transplantation: clinical aspects." Heart 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.68.9.255.
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Korzh, O. M. "CURRENT ASPECTS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT." International Medical Journal, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2020-1-1.
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Among the cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis, chronic coronary heart disease, including angina, is the most common form. It is the myocardium lesion that develops as a result of an imbalance between the coronary circulation and metabolic needs of heart muscle. The presence of angina symptoms often indicates a pronounced narrowing of one or more coronary arteries, but also occurs in non−obstructive arterial impairment and even in normal coronary arteries. Factors of functional damage to the coronary arteries are spasm, temporary platelet aggregation and intravascular thrombosis. Today there are opportunities not only to use the therapy with proven effectiveness, aimed at reducing the risk of complications, including fatal, but also to treat angina (ischemia), which improves the patient's life quality. The drug protocol includes the ones with a proven positive effect on this disease prognosis, which are mandatory if there are no direct contraindications to use, as well as a large group of antianginal or anti−ischemic drugs. The choice of a particular drug or its combinations with other drugs is carried out in accordance with generally accepted recommendations: taking into account the individual approach, the severity of angina, hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and blood pressure, presence of comorbid conditions). If drug therapy is ineffective, the option of coronary myocardial revascularization (percutaneous coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting) is considered. Due to the high mortality and morbidity rates of coronary heart disease worldwide, one of the priorities of practical health care is the prevention of diseases caused by atherosclerosis. Key words: coronary heart disease, angina, family physician, prognosis, drug therapy.
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GALTON, D. J. "Molecular genetics of coronary heart disease." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 18, no. 3 (June 1988): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01249.x.
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Cambien, François. "1.C.6 New genetic aspects of coronary heart disease." Atherosclerosis 134, no. 1-2 (October 1997): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(97)88138-5.
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Delva, P. "Magnesium and coronary heart disease." Molecular Aspects of Medicine 24, no. 1-3 (February 6, 2003): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-2997(02)00092-4.
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Karamermer, Yusuf, and Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink. "Coronary heart disease and pregnancy." Future Cardiology 3, no. 5 (September 2007): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/14796678.3.5.559.
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Cambien, François. "Genetics and coronary heart disease." Future Cardiology 1, no. 1 (January 2005): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14796678.1.1.17.
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Thorogood, Margaret. "Vegetarianism, coronary disease risk factors and coronary heart disease." Current Opinion in Lipidology 5, no. 1 (February 1994): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-199402000-00004.
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Hansen, Ole, and Bengt W. Johansson. "Epidemiologic Aspects of Coronary Heart Disease in Malmö, Sweden, 1935–1988." American Journal of Epidemiology 133, no. 7 (April 1, 1991): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115947.
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Marasini, B., M. Massarotti, and R. Cossutta. "Scleroderma Heart Disease." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 18, no. 4 (October 2005): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200501800401.
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Heart disease is a frequent and often severe feature of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Cardiomyopathy, with ventricular diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmias, is the most important form, since it is associated with a very poor prognosis. The current challenge is to define its pattern and identify individuals at risk, but evaluation in vivo may be hard to perform. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the clinical aspects of scleroderma heart disease and the early pivotal role that coronary microcirculation dysfunction plays in its development. A discussion of the diagnostic tools now available for this frequently asymptomatic condition will be provided. Treatment options will be reviewed, even though no cure for systemic sclerosis exists, and the current therapy of diastolic dysfunction remains unsatisfactory.
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Vega, Gloria Lena, and Cesare Sirtori. "Dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease." Current Opinion in Lipidology 7, no. 4 (August 1996): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-199608000-00001.
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Garrison, Robert J., Millicent W. Higgins, and William B. Kannel. "Obesity and coronary heart disease." Current Opinion in Lipidology 7, no. 4 (August 1996): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-199608000-00005.
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Verhoef, Petra, Meir J. Stampfer, and Eric B. Rimm. "Folate and coronary heart disease." Current Opinion in Lipidology 9, no. 1 (February 1998): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-199802000-00005.
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Mackness, Michael I., Bharti Mackness, Paul N. Durrington, Alan M. Fogelman, Judith Berliner, Aldons J. Lusis, Mohamad Navab, Diana Shih, and Gregg C. Fonarow. "Paraoxonase and coronary heart disease." Current Opinion in Lipidology 9, no. 4 (August 1998): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-199808000-00006.
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Rissanen, Tiina, Sari Voutilainen, Kristhna Nyyssönen, and Jukka T. Salonen. "Lycopene, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Heart Disease." Experimental Biology and Medicine 227, no. 10 (November 2002): 900–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153537020222701010.
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Diets rich in fruits and vegetables containing carotenoids have been of interest because of their potential health benefit against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. Interest particularly in lycopene is growing rapidly following the recent publication of epidemiological studies that have associated high lycopene levels with reductions in CVD incidence. Two studies were conducted. In the first one, we examined the role of lycopene as a risk-lowering factor with regard to acute coronary events and stroke in the prospective Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study. The subjects were 725 middle-aged men free of coronary heart disease and stroke at the study baseline. In a Cox's proportional hazards' model adjusting for covariates, men in the lowest quartile of serum levels of lycopene had a 3.3-fold (P < 0.001) risk of the acute coronary event or stroke as compared with others. In the second study, we assessed the association between plasma concentration of lycopene and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery wall (CCA-IMT) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Antioxidant Supplementation in the Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study data in 520 asymptomatic men and women. In a covariance analysis adjusting for common cardiovascular risk factors, low plasma levels of lycopene were associated with an 18% Increase of IMT in men as compared with men in whom plasma levels were higher than median (P = 0.003 for difference). In women, the difference did not remain significant after the adjustments. On the basis of these works, it is evident that the circulating levels of lycopene play some role with regard to cardiovascular health in Finland, at least in men. We conclude that circulating levels of lycopene, a biomarker of tomato-rich food, may play a role in early stages of atherogenesis and may have clinical and public health relevance.
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HARRAP, S. "The genetics of coronary heart disease." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 24, no. 11 (November 1992): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2828(92)93108-v.
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Kim, J. Q., J. Song, Y. B. Park, and S. H. Hong. "Molecular bases of coronary heart disease in Koreans." Journal of Korean Medical Science 13, no. 1 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.1998.13.1.1.
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Deeb, S., A. Failor, B. G. Brown, J. D. Brunzell, J. J. Albers, and A. G. Motulsky. "Molecular Genetics of Apolipoproteins and Coronary Heart Disease." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 51 (January 1, 1986): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1986.051.01.048.
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POLONSKAYA, IRINA I., and VERA V. SERGEYEVA. "MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF REHABILITATION FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 11, no. 6 (December 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2018.11(6).68-73.
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Amin, Muhammad, Larra Fredrika, and Delvi Duwi Kartika. "Pengalaman dan Gangguan Aktivitas Seksualitas Klien Penyakit Jantung Koroner." Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jka.v1i2.967.
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This study aims to determine how the experience of sexual activity disorders in clients with coronary heart disease in Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. This type of research used in this research is qualitative, with the phenomenological method. This study resulted in four (4) themes, namely: aspects of knowledge about coronary heart disease, aspects of treatment, aspects of sexual activity disorders in clients with coronary heart disease, emotional aspects. The results showed that sexual activity disorders in coronary heart patients were lack of appetite, stimulation, orgasm, and dyspareunia. In conclusion, the client's efforts to reduce pain and improve when having a husband and wife is by using lubricants.
Keywords: Coronary Heart, Experience, Sexuality
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Adlercreutz, Herman, Satu-Maarit Heinonen, and José Penalvo-Garcia. "Phytoestrogens, cancer and coronary heart disease." BioFactors 22, no. 1-4 (2004): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520220146.
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