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Journal articles on the topic 'Coronary heart disease Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Hipsley, E. H. "CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN AUSTRALIA." Nutrition Reviews 16, no. 5 (April 27, 2009): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1958.tb00715.x.

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2

Chew, Derek P., Robert Carter, Bree Rankin, Andrew Boyden, and Helen Egan. "Cost effectiveness of a general practice chronic disease management plan for coronary heart disease in Australia." Australian Health Review 34, no. 2 (2010): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09742.

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Background.The cost effectiveness of a general practice-based program for managing coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in Australia remains uncertain. We have explored this through an economic model. Methods.A secondary prevention program based on initial clinical assessment and 3 monthly review, optimising of pharmacotherapies and lifestyle modification, supported by a disease registry and financial incentives for quality of care and outcomes achieved was assessed in terms of incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER), in Australian dollars per disability adjusted life year (DALY) prevented. Results.Based on 2006 estimates, 263 487 DALYs were attributable to CHD in Australia. The proposed program would add $115 650 000 to the annual national heath expenditure. Using an estimated 15% reduction in death and disability and a 40% estimated program uptake, the program’s ICER is $8081 per DALY prevented. With more conservative estimates of effectiveness and uptake, estimates of up to $38 316 per DALY are observed in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions.Although innovation in CHD management promises improved future patient outcomes, many therapies and strategies proven to reduce morbidity and mortality are available today. A general practice-based program for the optimal application of current therapies is likely to be cost-effective and provide substantial and sustainable benefits to the Australian community. What is known about this topic?Chronic disease management programs are known to provide gains with respect to reductions in death and disability among patients with coronary heart disease. The cost effectiveness of such programs in the Australian context is not known. What does this paper add?This paper suggests that implementing a coronary heart disease program in Australia is highly cost-effective across a broad range of assumptions of uptake and effectiveness. What are the implications for practitioners? These data provide the economic rationale for the implementation of a chronic disease management program with a disease registry and regular review in Australia.
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3

Zheng, Henry, Fred Ehrlich, and Janaki Amin. "Productivity Loss Resulting from Coronary Heart Disease in Australia." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 8, no. 3 (May 2010): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11530520-000000000-00000.

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4

McElduff, Patrick, Annette J. Dobson, Konrad Jamrozik, and Michael S. T. Hobbs. "Opportunities for control of coronary heart disease in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25, no. 1 (February 2001): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00545.x.

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5

Beaglehole, Robert. "Coronary heart disease trends in Australia and New Zealand." International Journal of Cardiology 22, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(89)90128-9.

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6

HEATHCOTE, C. R., C. KEOGH, and T. J. O'NEILL. "The Changing Pattern of Coronary Heart Disease in Australia." International Journal of Epidemiology 18, no. 4 (1989): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/18.4.802.

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7

Wolkow, Alexander, Kevin Netto, Peter Langridge, Jeff Green, David Nichols, Michael Sergeant, and Brad Aisbett. "Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Volunteer Firefighters in Victoria, Australia." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 69, no. 2 (November 9, 2013): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2012.750588.

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8

Hardes, G. R., A. J. Dobson, D. M. Lloyd, and S. R. Leeder. "Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Trends and Related Factors in Australia." Cardiology 72, no. 1-2 (1985): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000173837.

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9

Nedkoff, Lee, Raphael Goldacre, Melanie Greenland, Michael J. Goldacre, Derrick Lopez, Nick Hall, Matthew Knuiman, Michael Hobbs, Frank M. Sanfilippo, and F. Lucy Wright. "Comparative trends in coronary heart disease subgroup hospitalisation rates in England and Australia." Heart 105, no. 17 (April 4, 2019): 1343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314512.

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BackgroundPopulation-based coronary heart disease (CHD) studies have focused on myocardial infarction (MI) with limited data on trends across the spectrum of CHD. We investigated trends in hospitalisation rates for acute and chronic CHD subgroups in England and Australia from 1996 to 2013.MethodsCHD hospitalisations for individuals aged 35–84 years were identified from electronic hospital data from 1996 to 2013 for England and Australia and from the Oxford Region and Western Australia. CHD subgroups identified were acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (MI and unstable angina) and chronic CHD (stable angina and ‘other CHD’). We calculated age-standardised and age-specific rates and estimated annual changes (95% CI) from age-adjusted Poisson regression.ResultsFrom 1996 to 2013, there were 4.9 million CHD hospitalisations in England and 2.6 million in Australia (67% men). From 1996 to 2003, there was between-country variation in the direction of trends in ACS and chronic CHD hospitalisation rates (p<0.001). During 2004–2013, reductions in ACS hospitalisation rates were greater than for chronic CHD hospitalisation rates in both countries, with the largest subgroup declines in unstable angina (England: men: −7.1 %/year, 95% CI −7.2 to –7.0; women: −7.5 %/year, 95% CI −7.7 to –7.3; Australia: men: −8.5 %/year, 95% CI −8.6 to –8.4; women: −8.6 %/year, 95% CI −8.8 to –8.4). Other CHD rates increased in individuals aged 75–84 years in both countries. Chronic CHD comprised half of all CHD admissions, with the majority involving angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention.ConclusionsSince 2004, rates of all CHD subgroups have fallen, with greater declines in acute than chronic presentations. The slower declines and high proportion of chronic CHD admissions undergoing coronary procedures requires greater focus.
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10

Redfern*, Julie, and Clara K. Chow*. "Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in Australia: a blueprint for reform." Medical Journal of Australia 198, no. 2 (February 2013): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.11080.

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11

Redfern, Julie, and Clara K. Chow. "Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in Australia: a blueprint for reform." Medical Journal of Australia 198, no. 3 (February 2013): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.11080c.

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12

Fernandez, Ritin, John X. Rolley, Rohan Rajaratnam, Subbaram Sundar, Navin C. Patel, and Patricia M. Davidson. "Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Among Asian Indians Living in Australia." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 26, no. 1 (April 2014): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659614523996.

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13

Gardner, Christian, Elizabeth Geelhoed, Jamie Rankin, Matthew Knuiman, Michael Nguyen, Mark Newman, Donald Cutlip, Michael Hobbs, Thomas Briffa, and Frank Sanfilippo. "O131 Index and coronary heart disease related readmission costs for percutaneous coronary intervention in Western Australia." Global Heart 9, no. 1 (March 2014): e36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1341.

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14

Glozier, N., G. Tofler, D. Colquhoun, S. Bunker, D. Clarke, D. Hare, I. Hickie, et al. "The National Heart Foundation of Australia Consensus Statement on Psychosocial Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease." Heart, Lung and Circulation 22 (January 2013): S258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.615.

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15

Beaglehole, R., A. W. Stewart, R. Jackson, A. J. Dobson, P. McElduff, K. D'Este, R. F. Heller, et al. "Declining Rates of Coronary Heart Disease in New Zealand and Australia, 1983-1993." American Journal of Epidemiology 145, no. 8 (April 15, 1997): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/145.8.707.

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16

Masarei, J. R. L., and R. W. Parsons. "Factors related to coronary heart disease prevalence and mortality in busselton, Western Australia." Pathology 22 (1990): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)36349-8.

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17

Wilson, Andrew, Stephen Leeder, Jerry Koutts, Richard Heller, Tom Exner, and Andrew Dinale. "Platelet aggregation and coronary heart disease risk factor variation in australian populations with different coronary heart disease mortality." Annals of Epidemiology 2, no. 4 (July 1992): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(92)90099-c.

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18

Chew, Derek P., Robert Carter, and Andrew Boyden. "Cost-Effectiveness of a General Practice Chronic Disease Management Plan for Coronary Heart Disease in Australia." Heart, Lung and Circulation 16 (January 2007): S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2007.06.472.

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19

Glozier, Nick, Geoffrey H. Tofler, David M. Colquhoun, Stephen J. Bunker, David M. Clarke, David L. Hare, Ian B. Hickie, James Tatoulis, David R. Thompson, and Maree Branagan. "PT155 The National Heart Foundation of Australia Consensus Statement on Psychosocial Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease." Global Heart 9, no. 1 (March 2014): e196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1930.

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20

Colquhoun, David M., Stephen J. Bunker, David M. Clarke, Nick Glozier, David L. Hare, Ian B. Hickie, James Tatoulis, David R. Thompson, Geoffrey H. Tofler, and Maree G. Branagan. "PT156 National Heart Foundation of Australia Review of Evidence Around Depression In Patients With Coronary Heart Disease." Global Heart 9, no. 1 (March 2014): e196-e197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1931.

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21

Briffa, Tom G., Leigh Kinsman, Andrew J. Maiorana, Robert Zecchin, Julie Redfern, Patricia M. Davidson, Glenn Paull, Amanda Nagle, and A. Robert Denniss. "An integrated and coordinated approach to preventing recurrent coronary heart disease events in Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 190, no. 12 (June 2009): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02636.x.

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22

Lee, Crystal Man Ying, George Mnatzaganian, Mark Woodward, Clara K. Chow, Freddy Sitas, Suzanne Robinson, and Rachel R. Huxley. "Sex disparities in the management of coronary heart disease in general practices in Australia." Heart 105, no. 24 (July 23, 2019): 1898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315134.

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ObjectivesTo determine whether sex differences exist in the management of patients with a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) in primary care.MethodsGeneral practice records of patients aged ≥18 years with a history of CHD in a large general practice dataset in Australia, MedicineInsight, were analysed. Sex-specific, age-standardised proportions of patients prescribed with recommended medications; assessed for cardiovascular risk factors; and achieved treatment targets according to the General Practice Management Plan were reported.ResultsRecords of 130 926 patients (47% women) from 438 sites were available from 2014 to 2018. Women were less likely to be prescribed with recommended medications (prescribed ≥3 medications: women 44%, men 61%; p<0.001). Younger patients, especially women aged <45 years, were substantially underprescribed (aged <45 years prescribed ≥3 medications: women 2%, men 8%; p<0.001). Lower proportions of women were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors (blood test for lipids: women 70%–76%, men 77%–81%; p<0.001). Body size was not commonly assessed (body mass index: women 59%, men 62%; p<0.001; waist: women 23%, men 25%; p<0.001). Higher proportions of women than men achieved targets for most risk factors (achieved ≥4 targets in patients assessed for all risk factors: women 82%, men 76%).ConclusionGaps in preventative management including prescription of indicated medications and risk factor monitoring have been reported from the late 1990s and this large-scale general practice data analysis indicate they still persist. Moreover, the gap is larger in women compared to men. We need new ways to address these gaps and the sex inequity.
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23

WILSON, ANDREW, and VICTOR SISKIND. "Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Australia: Is Mortality Starting to Increase among Young Men?" International Journal of Epidemiology 24, no. 4 (1995): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/24.4.678.

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24

Morley, Ruth, Janet McCalman, and John B. Carlin. "Birthweight and coronary heart disease in a cohort born 1857–1900 in Melbourne, Australia." International Journal of Epidemiology 35, no. 4 (March 8, 2006): 880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl032.

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25

Lee, C., G. Mnatzaganian, M. Woodward, C. Chow, F. Sitas, S. Robinson, and R. Huxley. "Sex Disparities in the Management of Coronary Heart Disease in Primary Care in Australia." Heart, Lung and Circulation 28 (2019): S372—S373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.557.

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26

Savira, F., B. Wang, A. Kompa, Z. Ademi, A. Owen, D. Liew, and E. Zomer. "757 The Productivity Impact of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention in Australia Over Ten Years." Heart, Lung and Circulation 29 (2020): S377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.764.

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27

Crouch, Rosanne, and Anne Wilson. "Are Australian rural women aware of coronary heart disease?" International Journal of Nursing Practice 16, no. 3 (June 2010): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172x.2010.01844.x.

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28

Nisar, Mehwish, Tracy L. Kolbe-Alexander, Nicola W. Burton, and Asaduzzaman Khan. "A Longitudinal Assessment of Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adults in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 8621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168621.

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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and trajectories of chronic diseases and risk behaviors in immigrants from high-income countries (HIC), low–middle-income countries (LMIC), to Australian-born people. Data were used from five waves of the HABITAT (2007–2016) study—11,035 adults living in Brisbane, Australia. Chronic diseases included cancer, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Risk factors assessed were body mass index (BMI), insufficient physical activity, and cigarette smoking. Diabetes mellitus increased in all groups, with the highest increase of 33% in LMIC immigrants. The prevalence of cancers increased 19.6% in the Australian-born, 16.6% in HIC immigrants, and 5.1% in LMIC immigrants. The prevalence of asthma increased in HIC immigrants while decreased in the other two groups. Poisson regression showed that LMIC immigrants had 1.12 times higher rates of insufficient physical activity, 0.75 times lower rates of smoking, and 0.77 times lower rates of being overweight than the Australian-born population. HIC immigrants had 0.96 times lower rates of insufficient physical activity and 0.93 times lower rates of overweight than Australian-born. The findings of this study can inform better strategies to reduce health disparities by targeting high-risk cohorts.
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29

Gupta, Sabrina, Rosalie Aroni, Siobhan Lockwood, Indra Jayasuriya, and Helena Teede. "South Asians and Anglo Australians with heart disease in Australia." Australian Health Review 39, no. 5 (2015): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14254.

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Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and compare presentation and severity of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) among South Asians (SAs) and Anglo Australians (AAs). Methods A retrospective clinical case audit was conducted at a public tertiary hospital. The study population included SA and AA patients hospitalised for IHD. Baseline characteristics, evidence of diabetes and other CVD risk factors were recorded. Angiography data were also included to determine severity, and these were assessed using a modified Gensini score. Results SAs had lower mean (± s.d.) age of IHD presentation that AAs (52 ± 9 vs 55 ± 9 years, respectively; P = 0.02), as well as a lower average body mass index (BMI; 26 ± 4 vs 29 ± 6 kg/m2, respectively; P = 0.005), but a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (57% vs 31%, respectively; P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in coronary angiography parameters. There were no significant differences in the median (interquartile range) Gensini score between SAs and AAs (43.5 (27–75) vs 44 (26.5–68.5), respectively), median vessel score (1 (1–2) vs 2 (1–3), respectively) or multivessel score (37% (33/89) vs 54% (22/41), respectively). Conclusions The findings show that in those with established IHD, cardiovascular risk factors, such as age at onset and BMI, differ between SAs and AAs and these differences should be considered in the prevention and management of IHD. What is known about the topic? There is much evidence on CVD and SAs, it being a leading cause of mortality and morbidity for this population both in their home countries and in countries they have migrated to. Studies conducted in Western nations other than Australia have suggested a difference in the risk profiles and presentations of CVD among SA migrants compared with the host populations in developed countries. Although this pattern of cardiovascular risk factors among SAs has been well documented, there is insufficient knowledge about this population, currently the largest population of incoming migrants, and CVD in the Australian setting. What does this paper add? This paper confirms that a similar pattern of CVD exists in Australia among SAs as does in other Western nations they have migrated to. The CVD pattern found in this population is that of an earlier age of onset at lower BMI compared with the host AA population, as well as a differing cardiovascular risk profile, with higher rates of type 2 diabetes and lower smoking rates. In addition, this study finds similar angiographic results for both the SAs and AAs; however, the SAs exhibit these similar angiographic patterns at younger ages. What are the implications for practitioners? SAs in Australia represent a high cardiovascular risk group and should be targeted for more aggressive screening at younger ages. Appropriate preventative strategies should also be considered bearing in mind the differing risk factors for this population, namely low BMI and high rates of type 2 diabetes. More intensive treatment strategies should also be regarded by practitioners. Importantly, both policy makers and health professionals must consider that all these strategies should be culturally targeted and tailored to this population and not assume a ‘one-size fits all’ approach.
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30

Backholer, Kathryn, and Anna Peeters. "The impact of trans fat regulation on social inequalities in coronary heart disease in Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 199, no. 3 (August 2013): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.11422.

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31

Dobson, Annette J., Patrick McElduff, Richard Heller, Hilary Alexander, Paula Colley, and Kate D'Este. "Changing Patterns of Coronary Heart Disease in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 52, no. 8 (August 1999): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00052-9.

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32

Atkins, Emily R., Elizabeth A. Geelhoed, Lee Nedkoff, and Tom G. Briffa. "Disparities in equity and access for hospitalised atherothrombotic disease." Australian Health Review 37, no. 4 (2013): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13083.

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Objective. This study of equity and access characterises admissions for coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial disease by hospital type (rural, tertiary and non-tertiary metropolitan) in a representative Australian population. Methods. We conducted a descriptive analysis using data linkage of all residents aged 35–84 years hospitalised in Western Australia with a primary diagnosis for an atherothrombotic event in 2007. We compared sociodemographic and clinical features by atherothrombotic territory and hospital type. Results. There were 11670 index admissions for atherothrombotic disease in 2007 of which 46% were in tertiary hospitals, 41% were in non-tertiary metropolitan hospitals and 13% were in rural hospitals. Coronary heart disease comprised 72% of admissions, followed by cerebrovascular disease (19%) and peripheral arterial disease (9%). Comparisons of socioeconomic disadvantage reveal that for those admitted to rural hospitals, more than one-third were in the most disadvantaged quintile, compared with one-fifth to any metropolitan hospital. Conclusions. Significant differences in demographic characteristics were evident between Western Australian tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals for patients hospitalised for atherothrombotic disease. Notably, the differences among tertiary, non-tertiary metropolitan and rural hospitals were related to socioeconomic disadvantage. This has implications for atherothrombotic healthcare provision and the generalisation of research findings from studies conducted exclusively in the tertiary metropolitan hospitals. What is known about the topic? Equity and access to hospital care for atherothrombotic disease in a geographically diverse population is poorly characterised. National data show that both fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease and non-fatal stroke hospitalisations increase with remoteness. Fatal in-hospital stroke is greatest in major cities, whereas peripheral arterial disease hospitalisations are greatest in the inner and outer regional areas. What does this paper add? This study demonstrates that around 13% of atherothrombotic events were treated in rural hospitals with in-hospital case fatality higher than in tertiary and non-tertiary metropolitan hospitals. A greater proportion of atherothrombotic disease cases treated in rural hospitals were in the most disadvantaged Socioeconomic Indices For Area group. What are the implications for practitioners? It is important to consider differences in disadvantage when generalising results of studies generated from tertiary hospital data to non-tertiary metropolitan and rural patients.
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33

Wang, Zhiqiang, and Wendy E. Hoy. "Albuminuria and incident coronary heart disease in Australian Aboriginal people." Kidney International 68, no. 3 (September 2005): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00526.x.

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34

Wu, Jason, Miaobing Zheng, Elise Catterall, Shauna Downs, Beth Thomas, Lennert Veerman, and Jan Barendregt. "Contribution of Trans-Fatty Acid Intake to Coronary Heart Disease Burden in Australia: A Modelling Study." Nutrients 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9010077.

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Wu, J. H. Y., J. M. Zheng, E. Catterall, S. Downs, B. Thomas, J. L. Veerman, and J. J. Barendregt. "Contribution of trans -fatty acid intake to coronary heart disease burden in Australia: A modelling study." Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (June 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.131.

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36

Lea, T. "National Report Card on Hospital Care Provided to Indigenous Patients with Coronary Heart Disease in Australia." Heart, Lung and Circulation 16 (January 2007): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2007.06.227.

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37

Li, Ming, Brad McCulloch, and Robyn McDermott. "Metabolic Syndrome and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Australian Indigenous Populations." Obesity 20, no. 6 (June 2012): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.156.

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38

Tonkin, Andrew, John Beltrame, Alison Beuchamp, Lei Chen, Andrew Weekes, and Claire Morgan. "Reducing Risk in Coronary Heart Disease—Are Australian Patients Achieving Targets?" Heart, Lung and Circulation 17 (2008): S106—S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2008.05.256.

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39

Mohan, Shantala, Lesley Wilkes, and Debra Jackson. "Lifestyle of Asian Indians with coronary heart disease: The Australian context." Collegian 15, no. 3 (August 2008): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2007.03.001.

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40

Abdullah, Mohammad M. H., Jaimee Hughes, and Sara Grafenauer. "Legume Intake Is Associated with Potential Savings in Coronary Heart Disease-Related Health Care Costs in Australia." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142912.

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Legume intake has been associated with lower risk for a number of chronic disorders of high financial burden, and is advocated by dietary guidelines as an important part of healthy dietary patterns. Still, the intake of legumes generally falls short of the recommended levels in most countries around the world despite their role as an alternative protein source. The aim of this study was to assess the potential savings in costs of health care services that would follow the reduction in incidences of coronary heart disease (CHD) when adult consumers achieve a targeted level of 50 g/day of legumes intake in Australia. A cost-of-illness analysis was developed using estimates of current and targeted legumes intake in adults (age 25+ y), the estimated percent reduction in relative risk (95% CI) of CHD following legumes intake, and recent data on health care costs related to CHD in Australia. A sensitivity analysis of ‘very pessimistic’ through to ‘universal’ scenarios suggested savings in CHD-related health care costs equal to AUD 4.3 (95% CI 1.2–7.4) to AUD 85.5 (95% CI 23.3–147.7) million annually. Findings of the study suggest an economic value of incorporating attainable levels of legumes within the dietary behaviors of Australians. Greater prominence of legumes in dietary guidelines could assist with achieving broader sustainability measures in relation to diet, helping to bring together the environment and health as an important pillar in relation to sustainability.
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VAN BOCKXMEER, Frank M., Cyril D. S. MAMOTTE, Valerie BURKE, and Roger R. TAYLOR. "Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and premature coronary heart disease." Clinical Science 99, no. 3 (August 23, 2000): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0990247.

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Since the initial report of the association of the deletion/insertion (D/I) polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with myocardial infarction (MI), there has been considerable controversy. Some have found the D allele to be associated with MI, coronary heart disease (CHD) or other cardiac pathology, while others have not. In the present study 713 consecutive patients, < 50 years of age, documented prospectively with angiographic CHD (> 50% diameter stenosis of at least one coronary artery), with or without MI, were studied, along with 688 community control subjects, also < 50 years of age, selected randomly from the electoral rolls and without a history of CHD or MI. Genotyping was done by standard methods. Most of the subjects in both groups were Anglo–Celtic Caucasians (547 in the CHD group and 642 in the community group), and the report concerns primarily these subjects. ACE genotype distributions were not different between the Caucasian community control group and the CHD or the MI subgroups; the odds ratios and 95% confidence limits for the CHD group were 0.96 (0.73–1.27) for the D allele and 1.02 (0.80–1.31) for D homozygotes; for the MI group these values were 1.00 (0.83–1.20) and 0.99 (0.74–1.32) respectively. This negative result was supported in multivariate analysis accounting for conventional risk factors. There was a significant racial difference in ACE genotypes between Caucasians, Asians and Australian Aborigines in the CHD group (P < 0.001); for example, in this group, 158 of 540 (29%) Caucasians had the DD genotype compared with eight of 84 (10%) Aboriginals (P < 0.001) and six of 59 (10%) Asians (P = 0.002). Failure to account for such racial differences would have led to erroneous conclusions. In conclusion, we found no evidence that the D/I ACE gene polymorphism plays a role in the development of CHD or MI at an early age in a Western Australian Caucasian population. While this result refers uniquely to premature CHD and MI, and could be population specific, it is in general agreement with recent meta-analysis of the larger previous studies.
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Liew, G., JJ Wang, and P. Mitchell. "Migraine and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study." Cephalalgia 27, no. 4 (April 2007): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01298.x.

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A recent population-based prospective study reported that in women, migraine with aura (MA), but not migraine without aura (MoA), was associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease events (CHD). We sought to confirm this association in an Australian population-based cohort of older men and women ( n = 2331, aged 49-97 years). We defined MA and MoA from face-to-face interview using International Headache Society criteria. Over a mean 6-year follow-up, 30 women (2.8%) and 30 men (4.4%) without any prior CHD history died from CHD-related causes. In women, a history of MA was associated with a non-significant twofold higher risk of CHD death (age-adjusted relative risk 2.2, 95% confidence interval 0.8, 5.8, P = 0.11), which remained similar after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. There were no CHD deaths in men with a history of migraine. Our findings support reports that in women, MA, but not MoA, may be associated with increased risk of CHD.
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43

Mui, Suet-Lam. "Projecting coronary heart disease incidence and cost in Australia: Results from the Incidence module of the Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 23, no. 1 (February 1999): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1999.tb01199.x.

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44

Colquhoun, D., S. Bunker, D. Clarke, N. Glozier, D. Hare, I. Hickie, J. Tatoulis, et al. "National Heart Foundation of Australia Consensus Statement on Depression in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Recommendations for Screening, Referral and Treatment." Heart, Lung and Circulation 22 (January 2013): S256—S257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.612.

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45

Liyanage, K., J. Burnett, and F. van Bockxmeer. "Abstract: P846 DETECTION OF FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIA IN A COHORT OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Atherosclerosis Supplements 10, no. 2 (June 2009): e989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70967-5.

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46

Briffa, T., L. Nedkoff, S. Ridout, A. Peeters, A. Tonkin, J. Hung, and M. Knuiman. "Incident Trends for Fatal Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Vary by Age Group in Western Australia, 1996–2007." Heart, Lung and Circulation 19 (January 2010): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.732.

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47

Byrne, D. G., and M. I. Reinhart. "Type a Behaviour in the Australian Working Population." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 2 (June 1995): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679509075920.

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The Type A behaviour pattern (TABP) has been widely researched in Australian studies and, in view of its increasing prominence beyond its original association with risk of coronary heart disease, is likely to be as widely researched in this country well into the future. The Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), being the most comprehensive self-report instrument used to assess the TABP, appears to be the instrument of choice for the measurement of the TABP in Australia, particularly in epidemiological studies where large samples are involved, or in other studies where either the interview method is impractical or the researchers are untrained in its application. This paper presents normative data on the use of the JAS in the Australian context, derived from a series of empirical studies undertaken by the authors over the past decade. Socio-demographic correlates of these data are presented, and refinements of the JAS for future use are suggested.
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48

Chun, Byung Y., Annette J. Dobson, and Richard F. Heller. "Smoking and the incidence of coronary heart disease in an Australian population." Medical Journal of Australia 159, no. 8 (October 1993): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb138002.x.

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49

Gault, A., K. O'Dea, K. G. Rowley, T. McLeay, and K. Traianedes. "Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Other Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in an Isolated Aboriginal Community in Central Australia." Diabetes Care 19, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 1269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.19.11.1269.

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50

Rashid, Sk Mamun Ar, and SK Moazzem Hossain. "Stroke and Coronary Heart Diseases, Global and Asian Trend and Risk Factors -A Perspective." Medicine Today 34, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v34i1.58671.

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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world, accounting for 30% of deaths globally. CVD is a group of conditions affecting the functions of the heart, blood vessels or both. The major cardiovascular diseases include coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, hypertension, heart failure and peripheral vascular diseases. Distribution of CHD and stroke is different in different regions of the world, especially western high-income, Asian and other countries. The Asian prevalence also not homogenous. Estimated number of deaths due to CVD worldwide will projected to 23.4 million, comprising 35% of all deaths in 2030. Significant increase in prevalence of coronary heart diseases (CHD) have been observed in the Asia including Bangladesh, but stroke in some regions of the world. Objectives: (1) Identification of cases and risk factors in different geographical area (2) Reduction of morbidity and mortality by proper treatment and management of modifiable risk factors. Materials and Methods: This observational study was done through using evidence from the published study articles of CVD in national and international journals, electronic databases such as MEDLINE, EMBESE and PUBMED. We also manually checked references of relevant publications of stroke and CHD. Study period: Jan2019-Dec2019. Results: Approximately 940 million people in the high income countries, where CHD is the dominant form of CVD which is 2–5 times higher than stroke. In the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Italy, France and Spain CVD death rates are very low. The highest death CHD rate is in Finland, Ireland, Scotland, Norway, Sweden of the European countries. In Eastern Europe and most of the Asia, the rate of coronary arterial diseases are rapidly increasing. Japan the Asian high income country the death ratio of stroke and CHD is 3:1.The East Asia and the pacific including China CVD is the major cause of death, where stroke dominating. People in South Asia including India and Bangladesh the coronary diseases are increasing alarmingly, where CVD death increase 30%over the preceding decade and the dominant form is CHD. In the central Asia, specially Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan both CHD and stroke are very high. In Latin America death from CHD (35%) higher than stroke (29%). In the Middle East and North Africa, CHD responsible for 17% and stroke 7%of all death. Conclusion: Asian countries have disproportionately high morbidity and mortality from stroke with increasing tendency to CHD, but CHD in Western countries which may be due to complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, smoking, hypertension and metabolic abnormalities. Death rate is higher in male sex from both CHD and stroke worldwide. Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 27-35
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